(EDA or ECAD)

- Is a category of software tools for designing

Introduction to Computer Aided Design and electronic systems such as printed circuit
Computer Aided Manufacturing boards and integrated circuits.
GuideCAD (Computer-aided design)
3. Digital Content Creation (DCC)
- Is the use of computer systems to assist in the
- is a modern term denoting the creation and
creation, modification, analysis, or optimization
modification of digital content, such
of a design.
as animation, audio,
- CAD software is used by architects, engineers,
graphics, images and video, as part of the
drafters, artists, and others to create precision
production process before presentation in its
drawings or technical illustrations.
final medium.
- used to create(2-D) drawings or (3-D) models.
- use in computer animation for special effects in
- CAD output is often in the form of electronic
movies, advertising and technical manuals.
files for print, machining, or other manufacturing
Example: Computer-generated
operations.
imagery (CGI) is the application of
computer graphics to create or
CAD is an important industrial art extensively contribute to images in art, printed
used in many applications, including automotive, media, video games, films, television
shipbuilding, and aerospace industries, industrial and programs, shorts, commercials,
architectural design, prosthetics, and many more. videos, and simulators.
Because of its enormous economic importance, CAD
4. Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
has been a major driving force for research
- Is the broad usage of computer software to aid
in computational geometry, computer graphics (both in engineering tasks. It includes computer-
hardware and software), and discrete differential aided design (CAD), computer-aided
geometry. analysis (CAA), computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM),computer-aided
CAD enables designers to layout and develops
manufacturing (CAM), material requirements
work on screen, print it out and save it for future
planning (MRP), and computer-aided
editing, saving time on their drawings. planning (CAP).
Benefits of CAD software
5. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
1. Increase the productivity of the designer. - Is the manufacturing approach of
using computers to control the entire
2.Improved product quality, design and faster production process. Through the integration of
time-to-market. computers, manufacturing can be faster and
less error-prone, although the main advantage
3.Improve communications through
is the ability to create automated
documentation of the design. manufacturing processes.
4.Offers greater accuracy, so errors are
reduced. 6. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
- Is the use of computer software to
5. Create a database for manufacturing. control machine tools and related machinery in
the manufacturing of workpieces.

7. Computer-aided process planning (CAPP)

Examples of Computer-Aided Terminology:
- Is the use of computer technology to aid in
1. Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) / Computer- the process planning of a part or product, in
Aided Design And Drafting (CADD) manufacturing. CAPP is the link between CAD
- It is use in mechanical design which describes and CAM in that it provides for the planning of
the process of creating a technical drawing with the process to be used in producing a designed
the use of computer software. part.

2. Electronic Design Automation

 symbols that are added to a symbols
8. Computer-aided industrial design (CAID) library and a menu.
- Is a subset of computer-aided design (CAD) that
includes software that directly helps in product
development. Designers have the freedom of
creativity, but typically follow a simple design
methodology: General System Operational Skills before using
CAD
- Creating sketches, using a stylus
- Generating curves directly from the sketch Just as one must learn how to manipulate pencils,
- Generating surfaces directly from the pens, triangles, templates and various other tools
curves before using them to perform manual tasks, one must
also learn a number of general system operational
Difference between Manual drafting and CAD skills before using a CAD system to perform drafting
tasks. These general skills include:
The traditional methods used in producing the
documentation needed in support of the design 1. Keying - is simply called typing, which is the
process are collectively known as manual drafting. process used for entering text on
The most obvious difference between the two can be drawings, entering certain system
summarized in two words: TOOLS and commands, entering dimensions and for
TECHNIQUES. logging-on to the system.
CAD components 2. Digitizing - is a process through which graphic
data such as sketch or drawing, is
1. Hardware - defined as the physical element of
converted to digital data as it is input.
the system - electrical, electronics,
electromechanical, and magnetic or mechanical 3. Cursor control - it is used for drawing graphic
devise. data, specifying the location of text and
graphic data on the display, identifying
(CPU, function keyboard, graphic display,
data that are to be deleted or otherwise
plotter, etc.)
manipulated and for identifying
2. Software - consists of sets of procedures, commands on screen menus that are to
programs, and related documentation be activated.
that directs operation of the system to
4. Entering System Commands and Activating
produce graphics and related text
Menu Options - All of the many
materials.
commands needed to communicate with
Three Basic Types of Software for CAD System the CAD system are contained in the
memory component of the processor.
1. Operational Software - consists of programs
which make the system perform general Three Phases of Producing Design
operational tasks such as accepting Documentation in CAD
commands, storing data, retrieving data 1. Inputting
etc. 2. Manipulating
3. Outputting
2. Application Software - consists of programs
that command the CAD system to perform CAD Users
drafting functions in such specific Practically everyone can use CAD, since there are
application areas as architectural, no longer companies that are too small to use CAD.
mechanical, structural, electronics, and The size and price of computer drafting systems have
civil drafting. decreased to the point that even the one-person
architectural company can afford one. CAD system is
3. User-defined Software - is usually restricted now available to everyone. Individual contractors,
to such various user-specific needs as designers, and architects can have one in their office
or home.
 Always remember that successful entrepreneurs
Two Categories of CAD Users continuously develop and improve their PECs.
1. CAD system operator - are people who are
able to operate a CAD system in terms of
inputting, manipulating, and outputting
Assessment of Personal Entrepreneurial
data. However, they have or no
Competencies (PECs) and Skills vis-à-vis a
background in design, drafting or
engineering. Practicing Entrepreneur in a Province
2. CAD technicians - are people who have both Entrepreneurial competencies refer to the
system operational skills and strong important characteristics that should be possessed
background in design, drafting or
by an individual in order to perform entrepreneurial
engineering. For them Cad system is
functions effectively. In this module, you will learn
simply a tool to help them do their jobs
faster and better. some of the most important characteristics,
attributes, lifestyle, skills and traits of a successful
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies entrepreneur or an employee to be successful in a
chosen career.
Introduction
Below are few important characteristics / traits /
In this module, you will learn more about attributes of a good entrepreneur:
entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial
competencies related to Technical Drafting. You will  Hardworking: One of the important
have a first-hand experience in educational activities characteristics of a good entrepreneur is
leading to assessment of your personal hardworking. This means working diligently
entrepreneurial competencies (PECs) and the and being consistent about it. Hardworking
entrepreneurial competencies of a successful people keep improving their performance to
draftsman and/or CAD operator within your produce good products and/or provide good
province. This module will encourage you to think services.
about entrepreneurship and its role in the business
community as well as in the economic and social  Confident: Entrepreneurs have self-reliance
development of an individual. in one’s ability and judgment. They exhibit
self-confidence to cope with the risks of
To start with this module, let us first understand
operating their own business.
entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurs are those with the skills and
capabilities to see and evaluate business  Disciplined: Successful entrepreneurs
opportunities. They are individuals who can always stick to the plan and fight the
strategically identify products or services needed by temptation to do what is unimportant.
the community, and have the capacity to deliver them
at the right time and at the right place.  Committed: Good entrepreneurs assume full
responsibility over their business. They give
Entrepreneurs are agents of economic change; full commitment and solid dedication to make
they organize, manage, and assume risks of a the business successful.
business. Some of the good qualities of entrepreneurs
are: opportunity-seeker, risk-taker, goal-setter,
excellent planner, confident problem-solver,  Ability to accept change: Nothing is
hardworking, persistent, and committed. permanent but change. Change occurs
Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, is not just frequently. When you own a business, you
a simple business activity but a strategic process of should cope with and thrive on changes.
innovation and new product creation. Basically, Capitalize on positive changes to make your
entrepreneurship is both an art and science of business grow.
converting business ideas into marketable products
or services to improve the quality of living.
 Creative: An entrepreneur should be creative based on given facts and information and lead
and innovative to stay in the business and in towards the pre-determined objectives.
order to have an edge over the other
competitors.

 Has the initiative: An entrepreneur takes the

initiative. You must put yourself in a position
where you are responsible for the failure or Environment and Market
success of your business.
Introduction
 Profit-oriented: An entrepreneur enters the
Aspiring entrepreneur need to explore the
world of business to generate profit or
additional income. The business shall become economic, cultural, and social conditions prevailing in an
your bread and butter. Therefore, you must area. Needs and wants of the people in a certain area
see to it that the business can generate that are not met may be considered business
income. opportunities. Identifying the needs of the community,
its resources, available raw materials, skills, and
appropriate technology can help a new entrepreneur
Listed below are the important skills of a seize business opportunities.
successful entrepreneur:
To be successful in any kind of business venture,
 Excellent planner: Planning involves potential entrepreneurs should look closely at the
strategic thinking and goal setting to achieve environment and market. They should always be
objectives by carefully maximizing all the watchful of existing opportunities and constraints, and
available resources. A good entrepreneur to take calculated risks. Constraints, on the other hand,
develops and follows the steps in the plans are factors that limit business growth, hence reduce the
diligently to realize goals. A good chance of generating profit. One of the best ways to
entrepreneur knows that planning is an evaluate opportunities and constraints is to conduct a
effective skill only when combined with Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
action. (SWOT) Analysis.

 Possesses people skills: This is a very SWOT Analysis is a managerial tool used to
important skill needed to be successful in any assess the environment. It is used to gather important
kind of business. People skills refer to information which is then used in strategic planning.
effective and efficient communication and Strengths and weaknesses are internal in an
establishing good relationship to the people organization. They relate to resources owned by an
working in and out of your business. In day- organization that you have control over and also the
to-day business transactions, you need to deal extent of its marketing.
with people. A well-developed interpersonal
skill can make a huge difference between Opportunities and threats exist in the external
success and failure of the business. environment. Opportunities relate to the market, new
technologies, and the external factors such as
government policies, climate, and trends. Threats
 Sound decision maker: Successful replace what the competitors are doing. It also includes
entrepreneurs have the ability to think legal and other constraints.
quickly and to make wise decisions towards a
Product Development
pre-determined set of objectives. No one can
deny that the ability to make wise decisions is When we talk of product development, we are
an important skill that an entrepreneur referring to a process of making a new product to be
should possess. Sound decisions should be sold by a business or enterprise to its customers.
Product development may involve modification of an having luxurious cars, wearing expensive jewelry and
existing product or its presentation, or formulation of perfume, living in impressive homes, among others.
an entirely new product that satisfies a newly-defined
Needs and wants of people are the basic
customer’s needs, wants and/or a market place.
indicators of the kind of business that you may engage
The term development in this module refers in because it can serve as the measure of your success.
collectively to the entire process of identifying a market Some other points that might be considered in business
opportunity, creating a product to appeal to the undertakings are the kind of people, their needs, wants,
identified market, and testing, modifying, and refining lifestyle, culture and tradition, and their social
the product until it becomes ready for production. orientation.

There are basic, yet vital questions that you can To summarize, product development entirely
ask yourself about product development. When you depends on the needs and wants of the customers.
find acceptable answers to them, you may now say that Another important issue to deal with is the key
you are ready to develop a product and/or render concepts of developing a product.
services.
Concepts of Developing a Product
These questions include the following:
Concept development is a critical phase in the
1. For whom are the product/services aimed at? development of a product. In this stage, the needs of
the target market are identified, and competitive
2. What benefit will the customers expect from
products are reviewed before the product specifications
product/service?
are defined. The product concept is selected along with
3. How will the product/service differ from the existing an economic analysis to come up with an outline of how
brand? From its competitor? a product is being developed. Figure 3 shows the stages
of concept development of a product.
In addition, needs and wants of the people
within an area should also be taken into big
consideration. Everyone has his/her own needs and
wants. However, each person has different concepts of
needs and wants. Needs in business are the important
things that an individual cannot live without in a society.
These include:

1. basic commodities for consumption,

2. clothing and other personal belongings,

3. shelter, sanitation and health, and Stages of Concept Development

4. education. The process of product development follows the

following stages:
Basic needs are essential to an individual to live
with dignity and pride in a community. These needs can 1. Identify customer needs: Using survey forms,
obviously help you generate business ideas and interviews, researches, focus group discussions, and
subsequently to product development. observations, an entrepreneur can easily identify
customers’ needs and wants. In this stage, the
Wants are desires, luxury and extravagance information that can be possibly gathered are product
that signify wealth and expensive way of living. Wants specifications (performance, taste, size, color, shape,
or desires are considered above all the basic necessities life span of the product, etc.). This stage is very
of life. Some examples of wants or desires are: fashion important because it would determine the product to
accessories, expensive shoes and clothes, travels, eating be produced or provided.
in an expensive restaurant, watching movies, concerts,
2. Establish target specifications: Based on customers' option for target customers; otherwise, they have no
needs and reviews of competitive products, you can reason to buy what you are selling.
now establish target specifications of the prospective
The value you incorporate in your product is
new product and/or services. A target specification is
called value proposition. Value proposition is a
essentially a wish-list.
believable collection of the most persuasive reasons
3. Analyze competitive products: It is imperative to why people should notice you and take the action
analyze existing competitive products to provide you’re asking for. It is what gets people moving, what
important information in establishing product or service makes people spend for your product or service.
specifications. Other products may exhibit successful
design attributes that should be emulated or improved
upon in the new product or service.

4. Generate product concepts: After having gone Innovation

through with the previous processes, you may now
develop a number of product concepts to illustrate the Innovation is the introduction of something new
types of products or services that are technically in your product or service. This may be a new idea, a
feasible and will best meet the requirements of the new method, or a new device. If you want to increase
target specifications. your sales and profit, you must innovate. Some of the
possible innovations for your products are change of
5. Select a product concept: Through the process of packaging, improvement of taste, color, size, shape, and
evaluation between attributes, a final concept is perhaps price. Some of the possible innovations in
selected. After the final selection, additional market providing services are application of new and improved
research can be applied to obtain feedback from certain methods, additional featured services, and possibly
key customers. freebies.
6. Refine product specifications: In this stage, product Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
or services specifications are refined on the basis of
input from the foregoing activities. Final specifications Unique Selling Proposition is the factor or
are the result of extensive study, expected service life, consideration presented by a seller as the reason that
projected selling price among others are being one product or service is different from and better than
considered in this stage. that of the competition. This is especially important
when your product or service is similar to your
7. Perform economic analysis: Throughout the process competitors.
of product development, it is very important to always
review and estimate the economic implications USP requires careful analysis of other
regarding development expenses, manufacturing costs, businesses' ads and marketing messages. If you analyze
and selling price of the product or services to be offered what they say or what they sell, not just their product or
or provided. service characteristics, you can learn a great deal about
how companies distinguish themselves from
8. Plan the remaining development project: In this final competitors.
stage of concept development, you can prepare a
detailed development plan which includes list of Here's how to discover your USP and how to use it to
activities, necessary resources and expenses, and increase your sales and profit:
development schedule with milestones for tracking  Use empathy: Put yourself in the shoes of your
progress. customers. Always focus on the needs of the
Finding Value target customers and forget falling in love with
your own product or service. Always remember,
People buy for a reason. There should be you are making/providing this product not for
something in your product or service that would give yourself but for the target customers to
consumers a good reason to go back and buy more. eventually increase sales and earn profit. Most
There must be something that will make you the best possible answers may be focused on quality,
 availability, convenience, cleanliness, and and communities are missing in terms of goods
reliability of the product or service. and services. Sometimes, these needs are
 Identify customer’s desires. It is very important already obvious and identified right away. Other
for you to understand and find out what drives needs are not that obvious because they can
and motivates your customers to buy your only be identified later on, in the event of
product or service. Make some effort to find certain development in the community. For
out, analyze and utilize the information that example, a province will have its electrification
motivates the customers in their decision to facility in the next six months. Only by that time
purchase the product or service. will the entrepreneur could think of electrically-
 Discover customer’s genuine reasons for powered or generated business such as photo
buying the product. Information is very copying, computer service, digital printing, etc.
important in decision making. A competitive
entrepreneur always improved their products
or services to provide satisfaction and of course 3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied.
retention of customers. As your business grows, Needs for the products and services are
you should always consider the process of referred to as market demand. To satisfy these
asking your customers important information needs is to supply the products and services
and questions that you can use to improve your that meet the demands of the market. The term
product or service. market refers to whoever will use or buy the
products or services, and these may be people
Generating Ideas for Business
or institutions such as other businesses,
The process of developing and generating a establishments, organizations, or government
business idea is not a simple process. There are two agencies.
problems that arise; first is the excessive generation
of ideas that can forever remain as a dreaming
There is a very good business opportunity when there is
stage and the second is when they don’t have ideas
absolutely no supply to a pressing market demand.
and don’t want to become entrepreneurs.
Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs
The most optimal way is to have a systematic
for goods and services. Their needs for raw materials,
approach in generating and selecting a business
maintenance, and other services such as selling and
idea that can be transformed into a real business.
distribution are good sources of ideas for business.
Some basic yet very important considerations that
can be used to generate possible ideas for business: 4. Examine the available resources. Observe what
materials or skills are available in abundance in
1. Examine existing goods and services. Are you
your area. A business can be started out of
satisfied with the product? What do other
available raw materials by selling them in raw
people who use the product say about it? How
form and by processing and manufacturing
can it be improved? There are many ways of
them into finished products.
improving a product. You can also improve the
materials used in crafting the product. In
addition, you can introduce new ways of using A group of people in your neighborhood may have some
the product, making it more useful and special skills that can be harnessed for business.
adaptable to the customers’ many needs. When
Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work
you are improving the product or enhancing it,
and experience you may have in agricultural arts,
you are doing an innovation. You can also do an
industrial arts, home economics, or ICT classes will
invention by introducing an entirely new
provide you with business opportunities to acquire the
product to replace the old one.
needed skills which will earn you extra income should
you decide to engage in income-generating activities.
2. Examine the present and future needs. Look
Many products are invented this way.
and listen to what the customers, institutions,
 differentiates product or services from the rest. It is also
5. Read magazines, news articles, and other a promise to your customers. It tells them what they
publications on new products and techniques can expect from your product or service and it
or advances in technology. You can pick up new differentiates your offerings from other competitors.
business ideas from magazines such as Your brand is derived from who you are, who you want
Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, Business to be and what people perceive you to be.
Magazines, “Go Negosyo”, Know About
Branding is one of the most important aspects
Business (KAB) materials, and Small-Industry
in any business. An effective brand strategy gives you a
Journal. The Internet also serves as a library
major edge in increasingly competitive markets.
where you may browse and surf on possible
businesses. It will also guide you on how to put A good product can:
the right product in the right place, at the right
price, and at the right time.  deliver message clearly,
 confirm credibility,
Key Concepts of Selecting a Business Idea  connect to target prospect,
You have to select the most promising one  motivate buyers, and
among hundreds of ideas. It will be good to do this in  concretize user loyalty.
stages. In the first stage, you screen your ideas to Here are simple tips to publicize your brand:
narrow them down to about few choices. In the next
stage, trim down the choices to two options. In the final  Develop a tagline. Write a statement
stage, choose between the two and decide which that is meaningful, impressive, and easy
business idea is worth pursuing. to remember to capture the essence of
your brand.
In screening your ideas, examine each one in  Design a logo. Create a logo symbolic of
terms of the following guide questions: your business and consistent with your
1) How much capital is needed to put up the tagline and displace it strategically.
business?  Write a brand message. Select a key
2) Where should the business be located? message to communicate about your
3) How big is the demand for the product? Do brand.
many people need this product and will  Sustain a brand quality. Deliver a
continue to need it for a long time? promise of quality through your brand.
4) How is the demand met? Who are processing  Practice consistency. Be reliable and
the products to meet the needs (competition or consistent to what your brand means in
demand)? How much of the need is now being your business.
met (supply)? In generating a business idea, you should first
5) Do you have the background and experiences identify the type of business suited to your business
needed to run this particular business? idea. You should analyze and scan the potential
6) Will the business be legal and not against any environment, study the marketing practices and
existing or foreseeable government regulation? strategies of your competitors, analyze strengths,
7) Is the business in line with your interest and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in your
expertise? environment to ensure that the products or services
Your answers to these questions will be helpful in you are planning to offer will be patronized and within
screening which ones among your many ideas are worth easy reach of target consumers.
examining further and worth pursuing. How to conduct SWOT Analysis:
Branding
 Be realistic about the strengths and
Branding is a marketing practice of creating a weaknesses of your business when
name, a symbol or design that identifies and conducting SWOT Analysis.
  SWOT Analysis should distinguish QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR – it display frequently
between where your business is today, used tools with the Quick Access toolbar. (See
and where it can be in the future. figure 2)
 SWOT Analysis should always be WORKSPACE – control the display and order in
specific. Avoid any gray areas. which user interface elements are displayed. (See
 Always apply SWOT Analysis in relation figure 2)
to your competition, i.e. better than or
worse than your competition. Different types of workspace
 Keep your SWOT Analysis short and  Drafting and Annotation
simple. Avoid complexity and over  3D Basic
analysis.  3D Modeling
 SWOT Analysis is subjective.

DRAWING TITLE – shows the file name.

Introduction to 2D AutoCad
AutoCAD - Is a software application for computer-
APPLICATION EXCHANGE – Autodesk Exchange
aided design (CAD) and drafting. The
provides a web-based experience directly
software supports both 2D and 3D
within the product. Included are tabs that
formats. The software is developed
access the sources information. Internet is
and sold by Autodesk, Inc., first
mandatory for this. (See figure 2)
released in December 1982 by
Autodesk. RIBBON – is a palette that displays task-based tools
- AutoCAD was derived from a 1977 and controls.
program called Interact CAD by
Marinchip Software Partners (later The ribbon is displayed by default when you
known as Autodesk). open a file, providing a compact palette of all the
tools necessary to create or modify your drawing.
Understanding the AutoCAD User Interface

Ribbon Tab and Ribbon Panel

Note: The ribbon is displayed horizontally.
The horizontal ribbon is displayed across the
top of the file window. You can take the vertical
ribbon to the left or right of the file window.
The vertical ribbon can also float in the window
or on a second monitor.
Ribbon Tabs and Panels

APPLICATION MENU – used to search for The ribbon is composed of a series of panels, which
commands, as well as access tools to create, open, are organized into tabs labeled by task. Ribbon
and publish a file. (See figure 2) panels contain many of the same tools and controls
available in toolbars and dialog boxes.
Some ribbon panels display a dialog box related to Depending on the available space in the vertical
that panel. or horizontal ribbon, radio buttons can collapse
into a single button, A single radio button works
The dialog box launcher is denoted by an arrow
as a toggle, allowing you to cycle through each
icon , in the lower-right corner of the panel. The item in the list, or as a split button, where the
dialog box launcher indicates that you can display a top half of the radio button is a toggle button is
related dialog box. Display the related dialog box a toggle button and clicking on the arrow icon
clicking the dialog box launcher. in the lower half displays a drop-down of all
items in the list.

DRAWING AREA/WORK PLANE – where the

actual drawing is made. The color is black to help
Contextual Ribbon with the visibility of lines on the computer screen.

When you select a particular type of object or Note: You can resize the window to any rectangular
execute some commands, a special contextual shape you need. This is helpful when you have
ribbon tab is displayed instead of toolbar or multiple AutoCAD Drawing files open.
dialog box. The contextual tab is closed when CROSSHAIR – a type of cursor consisting of two lines
you end the command. that intersect. It lets you point to portions of the
drawing area.
Note: Use OPTIONS command to customize the
program settings for Drawing Area, Crosshair,
Command Window and other settings.
Slideout Panels TWO TYPES OF AUTOCAD ENVIRONMENTS
An arrow in the middle of a panel title, , Model tab –is an endless drawing area for any scale
indicates that you can slide out the panel to ratio of an object. It is where you do most of your
display additional tools and controls. Click on drawing and editing.
the title bar of an open panel to display the
slideout panel. By default, a slideout panel Layout tab – specifies a certain sheet size of a paper
automatically closes when you click another for plotting purposes. All model drawings with a
panel. To keep a panel expanded, click the push specified scale factor are placed here. It provides a
pin, , in the bottom-left corner of the way to set up your drawing for printing.
slideout panel. COMMAND WINDOW– is the horizontal window at
the bottom of the AutoCAD window. It provides
feedback as you work with AutoCAD commands. It is
where you can type commands and command
options. It also lists information when you query
AutoCAD for certain types of information. (Press Ctrl
9 to turn ON/OFF the command line window)
NAVIGATION BAR – it provides access to navigation
and orientation tools from a single interface.
Radio Button
 Orbit – rotates the view in 3D space, but  Click + to display options for maximizing the
constrained to horizontal and vertical orbit viewport, changing the viewport
only. configuration, or controlling the display of
navigation tools.
Show Motion – provides an on-screen  Click Top to choose between several standard
display for creating and playing back and custom views.
cinematic animations for design review,  Click 2D Wireframe to choose one of several
presentation, and bookmark-style navigation. visual styles. Most of the other visual styles
are used for 3D visualization.

UCS ICON - is the L-shaped icon you see at the lower-

left corner of the drawing area. It controls placement
and visibility of UCS icon. It represents the
orientation of the UCS axes and the location of the
current UCS origin. It also represents the current
viewing direction relative to the UCS XY plane.
UCS – sets the orientation of the User Coordinate
System in 3D space. It defines the orientation for 2D
objects and the extrusion direction for THICKNESS. It
also provides the axis of rotation for ROTATE and the
default projection plane for pointing.

View cube – STATUS BAR – displays the cursor location, drawing

Indicates the tools, and tools that affect your drawing
current environment.
orientation of
a model and Drawing Coordinates - Displays the coordinates of
is reorient the the cursor.
current view
Different Drawing Tools
of a model.
Full Navigation Wheel –
Note: Not all tools are displayed by default; you can choose
provides access to the
what tools to display from the Customization menu, the right-
general and specialized most button on the status bar. The tools displayed on the status
navigation tools. bar might change depending on the current workspace and
whether the Model tab or a layout tab is currently displayed.
Pan – moves the view to
the screen. (3 way to use You can also toggle some of these settings with the function keys
pan: 1. by typing PAN or on your keyboard (F1 - F12).
P in the command
window, 2. from the navigation bar, and 3. Different Drawing Tools
Long press your mouse scroll.)
Note: Go to Customization Menu to turn on/off and/or for
Zoom – Increases or decreases the magnification of more Drawing Status Bar tools.
the view in the current viewport.
Drafting Settings Dialog Box (DSETTINGS or DS)
MODEL SPACE VIEWPORT CONTROLS - are
displayed at the top-left corner of each viewport, - It specifies drafting settings organized for
and provide a convenient way of changing views, drawing aids such as snap and grid, tracking, object
visual styles, and other settings. snaps, dynamic input, quick properties, and selection
You can click within each of the three bracketed cycling.
areas to change the settings. Toolbars – are collections of buttons or tools that
[+] [Top] [2D Wireframe] show icons that represent commands.
Tool Tips – are short descriptions that help you Window – windowed area is shown fit
understand what the icons represent. onscreen
Tool Palettes – let you keep your favorite tools and Object – display selected object and fit to
drawing components in one convenient place for screen.
quick access.
2. VTOPTIONS is to control the animated behavior
Docked position – is the default location of the of Zoom and Pan.
toolbars, which just means that they are merged with
3. PAN shifts drawing display without changing
the outer edge of the window to save space.
drawing magnification
Floating toolbars – when toolbars are moved away
4. REDRAW removes blips
from the edge of the window and appear “free
floating” as opposed to docked. 5. REGEN forces a complete drawing regeneration.
It can be used after FILL=ON/OFF or
TEXTFILL=1/0 or QTEXT
Using Button Functions of a Mouse
6. VIEWRES control fast zoom mode and screen
1. Left Button resolution of curves
- Pick or Point button to specify a point USING DIFFERENT SELECTION METHODS
location/position
A. LAST – selects the most recently created visible
- To select objects/commands/menu object.
2. Right Button/Right Click Shortcut Command: E (enter) Command:
OOPS (enter) - restores objects erased by the
- Frequently opens a menu that contains options
last ERASE command.
that are context sensitive.
Select objects: L (enter)
- If there are no applicable options at the time of
the right-click, AutoCAD treats the right-click as Select objects: press Enter (to delete the
Enter button. selected lines/objects)
DISPLAY AND VIEW COMMANDS B. PICKBOX – a small box, called the pickbox
replaces the crosshairs on the graphics
1. ZOOM is a command to modify drawing
cursor. You can select objects individually
magnification.
with the pointing device.
Real Time – zooms interactively to a logical
Command: PICKBOX (enter) – to resize the pickbox
extent. The cursor changes to a magnifying
glass with plus(+) and minus(-) signs Note: Pickbox will appear on-screen. This will allow you to
select individual objects.
All – displays all objects and limits fit to screen
C. WINDOW – selects all objects completely inside
Center – requires a center point and a
a rectangle defined by two points. Specifying
magnification factor; the center point
the corners from left to right creates a
becomes the center of monitor and the
window selection.
magnification factor the height of screen.
D. CROSSING – select objects within and crossing
Dynamic – pannable zoom-window
an area defined by to points. A crossing
Extents – displays all objects fit to screen selection is displayed as dashed lines or
otherwise highlighted to differentiate it from
Previous – restores last display window selection. Specifying the corners
Scale – Zooms to change the magnification of a from right to left creates a crossing selection.
view using a scale factor.
 E. LASSO – allows you to select objects and Dimension lines - are thin lines used to show the
components by drawing a free form shape around extent of the object being described.
them. It should be placed in such a way
as to leave room for notes, but still
F. ALL – selects all objects (except objects in Locked close enough to the features being
or Frozen Layers) (CRTL+A) described so that clarity will not
be hindered.
G. UNDO – cancels the selection of the object most DIMENSION STYLES
recently added to the selection set. (CRTL+U
or command U) A dimension style is a named collection of
dimension settings that control the appearance of
dimensions. You create dimension styles to specify
the format of dimensions quickly, and to ensure
Dimensioning, Leader Line and Other that dimensions conform to standards. A
Inquiry Commands dimension style defines:
- the format and position of dimension
DIMENSIONING is the process of adding lines, extension lines, arrowheads, and center
measurement annotation to a drawing. marks

DIMENSIONS - are visual representation to describe - the appearance, position, and behavior of
dimension text
the size and location of each member of a structure.
AutoCAD provides many ways to dimensions. You can - the rules governing where AutoCAD places
create dimensions for a wide variety of object shapes text and dimension lines
in many different orientations.
- the overall dimension scale
PRINCIPLES OF DIMENSIONING - the format and precision of primary,
alternate, and angular dimension units
These include the linetypes,
placements of dimension features, locating - the format and precision of tolerance
exterior and interior drawing features, and values
dimension text. - Command: DIMSTYLE or D (enter)
- The Dimension Style Manager is displayed.
DIMENSIONING COMPONENTS - Creates new styles, sets the current style, modifies
styles, sets overrides on the current style, and
compares styles.

Text – is the dimensions placed above the

dimension line or in between the dimension line and
centered the two extension lines. Dimension Style Manager Dialog Box
Extension lines – are thin lines that extend out List of Options
from the object. These are usually 0.13 mm thick
and are offset few millimeters from the object. 1) Current Dimension Style - displays the name of
the dimension style that is current. The default
 dimension style is STANDARD. The current style version of the STANDARD dimension
is applied to dimensions you create style to be used only for diameter
dimensions.
2) Styles - lists dimension styles in the drawing. 5) Continue - - displays the New Dimension
3) List - controls the display of styles in the Styles Style dialog box, in which you define the
list. new dimension style properties.

4) Preview - shows a graphic representation of the

style selected in the Styles list.
5) Description - describes the style selected in the
Styles list relative to the current style.
6) Set Current - sets the style selected under
Styles to current. The current style is applied to
dimensions you create.
7) New - displays the Create New Dimension Style DIMENSION STYLE MANAGER OPTIONS
dialog box, in which you can define a new A. Lines Tab - Sets the format and
dimension style. properties for dimension lines,
8) Modify - displays the Modify Dimension Styles extension lines, arrowheads, and
dialog box, in which you can modify dimension center marks.
styles.
9) Override - displays the Override Current Style
dialog box, in which you can set temporary
overrides to dimension styles. Overrides are
displayed as unsaved changes under the
dimension style in the Styles list.

10) Compare - displays the Compare

Dimension Styles dialog box, in which
you can compare two dimension styles B. Symbols and Arrows Tab - Sets the
or list all the properties of one dimension format and placement for arrowheads,
style. center marks, arc length symbols, and
jogged radius dimensions.
Creating NEW DIMENSION STYLE Dialog Box
Names the new dimension style, sets the style on
which to start the new one, and indicates the
dimension types to which you want the new style
to apply.

List of Options

1) New Style Name-specifies the new

dimension style name.
2) Start With - sets a style to use as a basis
for the new one. For the new style, you
change only the properties that differ C. Text Tab - Sets the format, placement,
from the properties you start with. and alignment of dimension text.
3) Annotative - specifies that the dimension Text Placement - Controls the placement of
style is annotative. dimension text.
4) Use For-creates a dimension substyle Vertical - Controls the vertical placement
that applies only to specific dimension of dimension text in relation to the
types. For example, you could create a dimension line. (DIMTAD)
 units in dimension
measurements and sets their
format and precision.
G. Tolerance Tab - Specifies the display and
format of dimension text tolerances.
COMMANDS IN EDITING DIMENSIONS

1. DDEDIT - Edits single-line text, dimension

text, attribute definitions, and feature control
frames.
2. DIMEDIT or DIMED - Edits dimension text and
extension lines. Rotates, modifies, or
restores dimension text and changes
the oblique angle of extension lines.
3. DIMTEDIT or DIMTED - Moves and rotates
dimension text and relocates the dimension line.

Horizontal - Controls the horizontal placement

of dimension text along the dimension line, in LEADER is a line or a spline with an arrowhead at
relation to the extension lines. (DIMJUST) one end and a multiline text object or block at the
other.
In some cases, a short horizontal line, called a
landing, connects text or blocks and feature control
D. Fit Tab - Controls the placement of frames to the leader line.
dimension text, arrowheads, leader lines,
The landing and leader line are associated with
and the dimension line. the multiline text object or block, so when the
E. Primary Units Tab - Sets the format and landing is relocated, the content and leader line
precision of primary dimension units and move along with it.
sets prefixes and suffixes for dimension
text.

CREATING A TEXT

TEXT is used to label the various components of

your drawing and to create the necessary shop or
field noted for fabrication and construction of your
Prefix and Suffix - Includes a prefix and suffix
design. It can be compressed, stretched, inclined,
symbols in the dimension text. You can enter text or
mirrored, or drawn in a vertical column by applying
use control codes to display special symbols.
a style. Each text string can be sized, rotated, and
justified to meet your drawing needs.

F. Alternative Units Tab -

Specifies display of alternate
 step D.)

B. Select or type JUSTIFY (J) to change text

justification (optional)
C. Select or type STYLE (S) to change text style
(optional)
D. Pick a point
E. Type the text height (ex. 12 )
F. Type the rotation of the text. (ex. 0 )
Types of Text Command
1. MTEXT (T, MT) creates several paragraphs
of text as a single multiline text (MTEXT) JUSTIFY controls the justification of the text.
object. With the built-in editor, you can format Enter an option
the text appearance, colors, spacing, [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/
justification, style, height, width, boundaries ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR]:
and other text attributes.
Align specifies both text height and text
Guide in using MTEXT Command:
orientation by designating the endpoints of the
A. Command MTEXT (T, MT) (enter)
baseline.
B. Pick two (2) points at the drawing area. The size of the characters adjusts in proportion to
C. A TEXT EDITOR will appear. their height. The longer the text string, the shorter
the characters are.
Guide in using TEXT EDITOR: (See
figure 12) Fit specifies that text fits within an area and at an
1. Font style orientation defined with two points and a height.
2. Height
3. Text color The longer the text string, the narrower the
4. Justification (left, right, center or middle) characters are. The height of the characters
5. Close Text Editor remains constant.
Center aligns the text from the horizontal center of
the baseline, which you specify with a point.
Middle aligns text at the horizontal center of the
baseline and the vertical center of the height you
specify. Middle-aligned text does not rest on the
baseline.
Right justifies the text at the baseline,
which you specify with a point.

TL (Top Left) justifies text at the point

specified for the top of the text.
2. TEXT or DTEXT (DT) creates a single-line
text object. Using TEXT or DTEXT you can
TC (Top Center) centers text at a point
create one or more lines of text, where each
text line is an independent object that you specified for the top of the text.
can move, format, or otherwise modify.
TR (Top Right) justifies text at the
Guide in using DTEXT Command:
point specified for the top of the text.
A. Command TEXT or DTEXT or DT (enter)
(Note: if you don’t want to change the ML (Middle Left) justifies text at the point specified for
Justification and Style of the text proceed to the middle of the text.
MC (Middle Center) centers the text both C. And click the arc that you
horizontal and vertical at the middle of the text. have created. (See Figure
14 to edit ArcAlignedText
Note: The MC option differs from MIDDLE Workshop)
option in that it uses the midpoint of the height of
the uppercase letters. The MIDDLE option uses the
midpoint of all the text, including descenders.

MR (Middle Right) justifies text at the point specified

for the middle of the text.

BL (Bottom Left) justifies text at the point

specified for the baseline.

BC (Bottom Center) centers text at a point

specified for the baseline.

BR (Bottom Right) justifies text at the point Properties: Text height, Width factor, Char. Spacing
specified for the baseline. and Offset from arc

STYLE creates, modifies, or sets named text styles.

Guide in using TEXT STYLE: (See figure 13)

1. Select Font name EDITING TEXT / DTEXT / MTEXT

2. Show the font style of the selected font name.
3. Set or give specific height to the selected font SPELL checks the spelling in a drawing.
name. (optional)
4. Pick NEW button to save the selected font name. DDEDIT edits single-line text, dimension text,
5. Once save it is now recorded or save. attribute definitions, and feature control frames
6. To use the font style pick SET CURRENT button.
7. And click APPLY button. MODIFY/PROPERTIES edit text location, height,
angle, style, justification and value.
3. ARC ALIGNED TEXT (ARCTEXT) creates an arc
aligned text object that follows the curve of a FIND used to search for and replace text.
selected arc. Replacement is based on text content only;
character formatting and text properties are not
Guide in using ARCTEXT: changed.

A. Draw an ARC. (Note: you cannot use ARCTEXT TXTEXP (Explode Text) explode text into polylines.
command without an arc)
B. Then command ARCTEXT.
TCASE (Change Text Case) changes the case of
selected text into Sentence case, Lowercase,
Uppercase, Title or Toggle case.

TXT2MTXT (Convert Text to Mtext) coverts text

created with TEXT or DTEXT to multiline text.