1

VOCABULARY

Leisure activities
Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

It is now generally recognized that stress is a major (1) ....9'.... of heart disease,
and contributes to many other illnesses. Stress is increased by ( 2 ) ......... such as
worry, overwork and lack of exercise or relaxation. For it is just as im portant froi
a psychological point of (3 ) ......... to relax as it is to ( 4 ) .......... physical exercise.
Relaxing does not necessarily mean just lazing about and doing nothing. The ber
of a weekend away or the diversion of sporting activities are considerable. If you
are suffering from high stress ( 5 ) ......... , or wish to ( 6 ) ...........after a trying day, it b
generally advisable to have a change of (7 ) ........... Although there are some indi\i
who ( 8 ) ......... on stress, for most of us, it can lead to exhaustion, m ood swings aijd
even severe depression.

1 A reason B motive C cause D purpose

2 A factors B aspects C elements D items
3 A fact B departure C view D return
4 A make B have C undergo D take
5 A rates B layers C ratios D levels
6 A hołd up B wind down C draw back D peter out
7 A scene B location C sight D place
8 A bloom B prosper C thrive D flourish

2 Choose tw o items from the box which are used in each activity.

rod flippers goggles horsc helmet lens ham m er rucksack

armbands spanner bait mask tripod pum p compass te s

1 Gymnastics horse bars

2 Scuba Diving
3 Fishing
4 Walking
5 Photography
6 Do-It-Yourself
7 Swimming
8 Cycling

188
 VOCABULARY 1 LEISURE ACTIVITłES
II {
3 Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.

Last week well over a thousand people (1) too k place in / to o k p a rt in our iocal
round-the-city 10-kilometre fun run. This kind of race doesn't normally
(2) appeal to me/amuse me, as, frankly, Tm not realiy (3) cut o ut fo r/rig h t fo r
long distance running. But l've got two friends who are dead keen runners and
who keep going on about the (4) b e n e fid a l/p o sitive effects of running. So I
decided to run, partly for that reason and partly to (5) earn/raise money for
charity. Friends and colleagues agreed to (6 ) sponsor/support me, and pay for
each mile I completed. Well, I hadn't done much training for the big event, and
after tw o kilometres I was (7) gasping/panting for breath, so I settled down
to a slow jog and resigned myself to plodding along with the (8) struggiers/
straggiers at the back of the race. A t least I finished, and was very pleased with
myself, as I didn't need to stop. I timed myself with a stop-watch, and reckon
I (9) crossed/arrived a t the finishing linę in 43 minutes - not bad for a novice.
The heat proved too much for a few people who'd gone off too fast for their
capabilities and ended up (10) suffering fro m /sh o w in g exhaustion. Apparently,
the course was very fast, and both of my friends ran a (11) persona! best/
persona! record. The winner (12) surpassed/broke the course record. I was
actually very impressed with the whole event; the organization was first-class,
with medical volunteers (13) on d u ty/o n standby throughout, and drinks
(14) stops/stations every few kilometres of the route. So now the charity of my
choice is £150 the richer, and as for me, l'm well and truły bitten by the running
bug. I go running with my friends regularly now, and !'m actually starting to
(15) catch up w itti/g e t near to them!

4 Com plete each sentence w ith a word form ed from the word in CAPITALS.

1 The new leisure centre doesnt ąuite come up to my . EXPECT

2 There was a b a re ........................ of people at the youth club. HAND
3 Helens solo Crossing of the Pacific was a ........................ feat. REMARK
4 W e ........................go to the pub before lunch on Sunday. VARY
5 AU the runners, with t h e ........................of Mark, were exhausted. EXCEPT
6 O ur club has just purchased new sp o rts.......................... EQUIP
7 O ur city has some open spaces but they are not v e ry ........................ ACCESS
8 Is it possible t o ........................ between a hobby and an interest? DISTINCT
9 Now adays........................ numbers of people are taking up jogging. INCREASE
10 Leisure habits w ont change much in t h e ........................ futurę. SEE

189
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Read th e tex t and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best completes each
collocation or fixed phrase.

Very few popular (1) ....9.... sports today remain amateur in any sense of the word i t
the past, even in cases where payment to players or athletes was forbidden, marrr
( 2 ) ......... tolerated what became known as ‘shamateurism’ and even the sports
governing ( 3 ) ......... turned a bUnd eye to such ( 4 ) ...........as the paying of expen 5«ss
More recently, sport has become, in effect, a ( 5 ) .........of the entertainment indi:ic^
and the eUte ( 6 ) ......... in sports such as swimming, tennis, football and track
( 7 ) ......... can expect to become very rich. This worries some people, who complazi
that the old Olympic ideał has been lost, but the fact is, sport has become more
more ( 8 ) .........in the wider sense, not only reąuiring total dedication from (9 )_____
champions, but also expensive facilities, training and nutritional advice. As it is si
no longer possible to combine a career in sport with one elsewhere, shouldnt
(1 0 )......... sportsmen and women be able to earn as much as they can from sponr

1 A audience B watching C spectator D yiewing

2 A contests B matches C games D sports
3 A associations B confederations C authorities D bodies
4 A practices B occurrences C acts D operations
5 A branch B division C wing D limb
6 A doers B players C makers D performers
7 A running B athletics C actiyities D racing
8 A scientific B part-tim e C trained D Professional
9 A hopeful B aspiring C striying D wishful
10 A faithful B loyal C dedicated _ D whole hearted

6 Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

board draw lap referee runner-up

dive fan ©ar round whistle

1 While I was rowing across the lake I lost o n e ......... P3J.........

2 Neither team deserved to lose and the match ended in a .......................
3 Ruth was well out in front by the end of the fifth .......................
4 After the rugby match David was attacked by an a n g ry .......................
5 Brian impressed everyone with h i s .....................into the pool.
6 O ur gym teacher used to make us stop by blowing a .......................
7 During the chess game Carol knocked all the pieces off t h e .......................
8 O ur team was knocked out of the competition in the second .......................
9 During the match one of the spectators offered t h e ..................... his glasses.
10 Denise won the race and her sister w a s.........................

190
 VOCABULARY 1 LEISURE ACTIVITIES
Mi
7 Complete each sentence with one word which fits in all three sentences.
1 Later in the programme we have highlights of two big matches played earlier
today: Ajax met Juventus while Barcelona.....................on Porto.
The weightlifter who allegedly...... .............. performance-enhancing drugs has
been named today.
O n my doctor s advice, I .....................up yoga in order to relax.
2 The transfer of Mario Rossi has been approved by the club’s ..................... of
directors.
The new pool has a slide, water chute and diving.......................
In any game of chess, the queen is the most powerful piece on the whole

3 Right now Evans is v e ry ..................... in confidence; she needs to start winning a

few races again.
There was a disappointingly..................... turnout for the youth clubs open day.
W hen youre cycling up a steep hill you will need to be in a ..................... gear.
4 the earth down around the roots after youVe planted the flower.
Jims dad took him out into the middle of the pool and showed him how to
..................... water.
lVe got my photos drying out on the kitchen floor, so whatever you do, dont
..................... on them!
5 Unbelievable - what an am azing..................... of events! Smith has come from
behind to take the gold medal!
As I’d never played this card game before, the others let me have another

... and Walton showed a ..................... of speed that left his opponents for dead.

191
 2
VOCABULARY

Travel and movement

1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best completes each
collocation o rfix ed phrase.

M ost big cities were built long before the heyday of the private car. As a result t r ^
rarely have enough space for m oving traffic or parked vehicles, and long queues
of ( 1 ) ...... 9. vehicles are a com m on sight. Indeed some cities end up being almos:
perm anently ( 2 ) ......... during the day. Those that have a relatively free ( 3 ) ...........
o f traffic at non-peak periods of the day do n ot escape either. The ( 4 ) ......... hour
of early m orning or early evening can easily see traffic brought to a ( 5 ) ............Tr^
effects of exhaust ( 6 ) ......... on air pollution in cities has been well docum ented.
Buses m ight be seen as the solution, but they move slowly because o f the sheer
( 7 ) ......... of other traffic, thus encouraging m ore com m uters to abandon ( 8 ) ..........
transport.

1 A standing B settled C stationary D static

2 A stuffed B saturated C crammed D congested
3 A flow B current C tide D flood
4 A push B rush C hasty D hurry
5 A standstill B hold-up C jam D freeze
6 A smells B odours C fumes D stinks
7 A size B Yolume C breadth D depth
8 A civic B mass C public D popular

2 Match each person from the box with one of the sentences.

hitchhiker cyclist passenger driver traffic warden

commuter steward passer-by pedestrian ramblcr

I love wandering through the countryside along deserted footpaths.

ril bring you your drink in just a minutę, m adam .......................
lVe been waiting all m orning at this roundabout for someone to stop.................
I was just walking down the Street opposite the bank when I saw it happen.

5 IVe spent the last half an hour looking for a spot. Its hopeless...............
6 I rang my beli and braked, but one of the pedals hit a post and I fell off.
7 The sign clearly says two hours only and you ve been here all day........
8 Its impossible getting across the road here. We need an underpass.......
9 Do you think you could go a little more slowly? I’m a bit nervous.........
10 This train is late every morning, It has been for years........................

192
 VOCABULARY 2 TRAVEL AND IVłOVEIVIENT

3 Com plete the text by w riting a form of the word in CAPITALS in each space.

The Manager
Transworld Air
Portugal Street
London

Dear Sir or Madam,

I travelled last week on a Transworld Airbus from London
Gatwick to Copenhagen. This was the (1) ...... OUT
journey of a holiday in Denmark, a ( 2 ) ......................... PACK
tour arranged through a company called ‘Sunset’ . My
(3 ) was due to leave at 8.20 am on Tuesday FLY
25th November, but did not in fact leave until 20.30, a delay
of more than eight hours. The reason given was that vital
(4 ) work had to be carried out. AIthough all MAINTAIN
passengers were given a free meal, no other offer of
(5 ) was given. Such a long delay is totally ASSIST
(6 ) , and I feel justified in the circumstances ACCEPT
in requesting some form of financial ( 7 ) ........................... COMPENSATE
I have written to the tour (8 ) ......................... , who denied OPERATE
responsibility and advised me to write to you.
i look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,
cMarlts> 'fŁogers.

4 Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
1 We managed to complete our journey ahead of/in fro n t o/schedule.
2 On our way to York, we divided/broke our journey in Peterborough.
3 As I wasn t coming back by train, I asked for a single/simple ticket.
4 The two coaches collided/bum ped, but luckily no one was injured/wounded.
5 There has been widespread public enm ity/opposition to the plan for a new road.
6 My car skidded/slipped off the road and hit a tree.
7 The train was packed, and there was standing place/room only.
8 Look at that enormous goods/industrial train - it must have 20 or 30 wagons!
9 The pohce accused Donald of breaking the speed lim it/restriction.
10 The Chairman made a brisk/flying yisit to the company’s new office in Brussels.

193
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

5 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

A nyone who has gone on a skiing holiday at a ski (1) of any size will be
V ^ f a m ilia r with the age-old problem - the eternal wait for ski lifts and cable cars.
Weil, there is an alternative. If you feel like something just a little different why not zr
heli-skiing in Canada? Somewhere in the snowy wastes of the Rocky Mountains the
helicopter will deposit you and your group onto a slope of virgin snow that you have
all to yourselves. It is all a (2) ..........ery from the busiest slopes of, say, Switzerland,
France and Italy. You are fifty miles from the nearest town and there is nothing remots:
(3) a ski-lift, so you have to (4) ............on legs, skis and the chopper. You migh;
see the (5) ..........mountain-goat or grizzly bear, but there wont be ( 6 ) ............of othe:
skiers. There are one or two disadvantages. Your friendly helicopter pilot might just pu:
you down in a five-metre snow (7) ............ And freezing weather might ground your
helicopter and leave you (8) ..........in the wilderness.

1 A spot B haunt C refuge D resort

2 A different B strange C far D long
3 A resembling B appearing C seeming D looking
4 A count B trust C rely D reckon
5 A occasional B sometime C incidental D irregular
6 A bunches B hordes C throngs D swarms
7 A dune B pile C m ound D drift
8 A deserted B stranded C wrecked D aground

6 Replace the words underlined in each sentence with a form of one of the verbs
from the box.

accelerate ascend collide dismount fasten

alight endanger reverse board disembark

1 Ann got off her horse and picked up her riding hat.
2 As the piane went faster down the runway, David began to sweat nervously.

3 W ithout realizing it, Jim drove backwards into a lamp post..........................

4 All the yisiters to the ship must get off immediately as we are about to sail.

5 Passengers who wish to get off at Hove should travel in the front coach
6 Please do up your safety belt before we begin the journey........................
7 The captain refused to put at risk the safety of the crew .........................
8 The balloon rose up gracefully into the summer sky.........................
9 In thick fog, the two ships ran into each other outside the harbour.........
10 The sooner the passengers get on the aircraft, the sooner it can take off.....
194
 VOCABULARY 2 TRAVEL AND MOVEIVłENT

7 Complete the spaces with one word which fits in all three sentences.
1 It only takes one smali accident t o ...... ...............up the traffic for several hours.
The new Atlantic airbus w ill.....................about 700 passengers.
Like it or not, it is the train and not the car which w ill...... .............. the key to the
futurę of domestic travel.
2 Why d o n t you just get the goods delivered to your house, a n d .....................
yourself a two-hour car journey into the city-centre?
By driving at 70 km /h instead of 100, you c a n ..................... a lot of petrol.
Tm trying t o ..................... up for a trip to Canada, so I cant afford to buy much at
the moment.
3 The Departm ent of Transport h a v e ..................... a deadline of 1 June for
completion of the new motorway.
Because of the strike by air traffic controllers, delays a r e ..................... to continue
well into next week.
The trains in Switzerland are so punctual you c a n ..................... your watch by
them.
4 The train was delayed because of ice on t h e .......................
After the accident there was a so lid ..................... of cars stretching back for several
miles.
In a new initiative announced today, police are to take a h a rd e r..................... on
speeding motorists.
5 Sorry, IVe rather lo s t..................... of my argument.
Right, now, I want you to run twice around t h e ..................... for a warm-up.
After a while t h e ..................... we had been following became thick undergrowth.

195
 3
VOCABULARY

News events
1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

Reports that the government is about to (1) ...9:.... the go-ahead to plans for
the building of a new runway at London's Heathrow airport have angered
local ( 2 ) ..........and raised fears of increased noise and exhaust pollution. The
( 3 ) .......... plans aiso include a new sixth terminal building, and ( 4 ) ............the
disappearance of a whole village, ( 5 ) ..........the demolition up to 700 other
homes. According to sources close to the Ministry of Transport, the government
is known to be concerned by the increasing (6) ..........of traffic at London
Heathrow. At Gatwick, London's second airport, there are no plans for further
runways in the foreseeable ( 7 ) ..........and Heathrow is widely (8) ............as a
better ( 9 ) ..........for expansion. Aithough the planned building work would not
take place until 2 0 2 0 , local people have aiready raised strong (10) .....................
A spokesperson for the Keep West London Quiet association, (1 1 )..........up of
local residents, accused the government of (12) ..........back on promises made
before the General Election. 'We were told then that the airport authority had
no (1 3 )..........of building another runway, and we believe that the government
has a duty to (1 4 ) ..........its pledges.' Prominent figures in the government are
aIso believed to be concerned at the news, aithough the Prime Minister is
( 1 5 ) ..........as saying that reports were 'misleading'. However, he would not
give an assurance that plans for building a runway had definitely been rejected.

1 A sign B make C give D approve

2 A inhabitants B dwellers C occupants D residents
3 A controversial B debatable C notorious D doubtful
4 A involve B concern C contain D need
5 A further to B as well as C moreover D whats more
6 A sum B size C Yolume D length
7 A years B period C time D futurę
8 A regarded B believed Cfelt D held
9 A potential B outlook C prospect D likelihood
10 A oppositions B protests C demonstrations D objections
11 A made B set C brought D taken
12 A getting B falling C going D turning
13 A desire B intention C wish D objective
14 A bear out B count on C puli off D stand by
15 A quoted B known C thought D written
196
 VOCABULARY 3 NEWS EVENTS

2 Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
1 The two men, disguised/transform ed as security guards, overpowered staff at the
bank and escaped with £150,000.
2 The pilot was the one/sole survivor of the crash.
3 The fire extensively/w idely damaged the 500-year-old building.
4 M r Johnson was taken to Maidstone General Hospital where his condition was
described a s 'critical/perilous.
5 The government spokesperson declined to speak about/com m ent on the matter.
6 A woman and a man were later detained/arrested for ąuestioning.
7 T hefindings/results of the committee are due for publication this week.
8 The government agreed that the problem must be rem oved/tackled at once.
9 We must be very careful with sensitive/difficult issues such as this, to avoid giving
offence.
10 A police spokesperson admitted that detectives were baffled/upset by Mr Days
disappearance, but were hoping to come up with an explanation.

3 Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

conditions evidence knowledge place responsibility

confidence incident opinion prospcct verge

With Smith out injured, there is little ....... P.TSfP,?.??;....... of City reaching the next
round.
After heavy ra in ,.............................. during the race were hazardous.
It is c o m m o n .............................. that Douglas intends to retire at the end of the
season.
Two French and two English forwards were involved in an u g ly ..............................
just before half-time.
Miss Schmidt easily secured h e r .............................. in the next round with a
confident display of power tennis.
The finał day begins with the Australian team on t h e .............................. of victory.
W hether Rooney was offside is a m atter o f .............................. .. in my view.
I have every.............................. that Jack W ood is the m an to lead our team to
yictory.
9 There is no concrete.............................. that anyone in the team has taken drugs.
10 The club has disclaim ed.............................. for the damage, blaming it on
supporters from London.

197
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

4 Complete the collocation orfixed phrase in sentences (1-10) using endings r-

1 The union is drawing u p ........ .f...
2 The managing director said that recent events had put
3 No one holds o u t ..............
4 He went on to say that the company p rid e d ..............
5 Both sides have agreed to meet on a reg u la r..............
6 The union has sińce challenged..............
7 Others believe that both sides would jum p at t h e ..............
8 It is unUkely that the union will m o d erate ..............
9 The management stated that the problem had been exaggerated out o f ...........
10 The minister said that he put himself at t h e ..............

a ... basis from now on, he added.

b ... all proportion, and that an agreement was close.
c ... a strain upon everyone employed by the company.
d ... its demand for a shorter working week.
e ... the figures given to the press by the financial director.
f ... new proposals to put to the employers.
g ... disposal of both sides in the dispute.
h ... itself on its good relations with all its employees.
i ... chance to resume negotiations without delay.
j ... much hope for the success of the discussions.

5 Replace the words underlined in each sentence with one of the phrases from t r *
box.

argue that there should be havc no intcntion raised fears

brought about it is common knowledge explained the cause i,-
little prospect of success say for certain

I am not thinking of resigning at the moment.

Ęyerybody is aware that Smith has a criminal record.......................................
We all know what caused the closure of the factory......................................
The report has made people afraid that others may be at risk from the disease.

5 We shall try hard, although there is not much chance of winning.

6 A hospital spokesperson refused to confirm that the injured man had been shot.

7 Some conservationists adyocate an immediate ban on hunting.

8 Commenting on the weekend travel chaos, the raił company attributed this to a
combination of snow and high winds.......................................
198
 VOCABULARY 3 NEWS EVENTS

6 Replace the word or words underlined In each headline w ith one of the
'headline'w ords from the box.

bid clash held toll boost cleared looms set vows

1 Miners’ union promises to fight over local pay deals......... .................

2 Change to school funding aims to increase teacher num bers..........................
3 Newspapers and union going to clash over pay claim..........................
4 Man found Innocent in bank robbery case..........................
5 British attempt to aid refugees turned down..........................
6 Woman arrested by police after pub shooting..........................
7 Hotel fire num ber of yictims rises to six..........................
8 Raił strike approaches..........................
9 Ministers in disagreement over pay rises..........................

7 Com plete the text by writing a form of the word in CAPITALS in each space.

Press ( 1 ) ..... continues over w hetherthe Prime SPECULATE

Minister is on the point of cailing a General Election. An
(2 ) ..............................is expected shortly from government ANNOUNCE
headquarters. Political ( 3 ) ..............................believe that the ANALYSE
timing of an election is crucial to the ( 4 ) ..............................of SURVIVE
the government. Michael Lee of the 'Independent' commented:
'We've had repeated ( 5 ) ..............................from the Prime ASSURE
Minister that no election would be called this year, but present
circumstances may just cause him to change his mind.' Six
months ago this would have been (6) ................................ THINK
An election would have been ( 7 ) ..............................suicide, and POLITICS
would certainly have led to the (8) ..............................of the DOWN
government. The government was coming in for severe
(9 ) ..............................for its foreign policy. It was aiso CRITICIZE
widely attacked for its (10) ..............................involvement DISASTER
in the arms export scandal, and for its (11) .............................. FAIL
to address the problem of ( 1 2 ) ................................But EMPLOY
according to recent opinion polis, the electorate is impressed at
the way the PM has restored party ( 1 3 ) ..............................and UNITĘ
overcome the internal (1 4 ) ..............................which were DM DE
threatening to rip the party apart. Michael Lee commented:
There would be some (1 5 )..............................in cailing an JUSTIFY
election pretty soon. In fact, I w ouldn't be at all surprised if it
happens within the next day or two.'

199
 4
VOCABULARY

Places
1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

When I first arrived here to take up my new job, I stayed in a hotel, but I soon started looking for e
permanent (1) ....9...., a place to ( 2 ) ......... my own. The first fiat I came ( 3 ) ........... was cold anc

uninviting, and had large ( 4 ) ......... of damp on the walls, The fiat ( 5 ) ........... onto a factory, so the

view was not exactly Insplring. Then I had a look at a smali fiat in a modern apartment ( 6 ) ....
had a parking ( 7 ) ......... and was fully ( 8 ) ..............but the rent was far too high for me. I didn’t \
to end up in a tiny place, so I answered an ad for house-sharing. The house was in a quiet ( 9 ) .....

and as soon as I saw it I fell in love with it. There was a high overgrown ( 1 0 ) ........ . around the fro

garden, and ( 1 1 ) ......... to park cars in the drive. The room to (1 Z ) ........... looked out over the I
garden, and had a big bay window. ( 1 3 ) ......... it meant sharing the kitchen and living room, I did hć

my own bathroom, really just a shower and washbasin ( 1 4 ) ......... into what must have once beer =
cupboard, There was, however, quite a lot of (15)

1 A household B accommodation C residence D habitation

2 A refer B be C cali D say
3 A over B across C up D by
4 A patches B pieces C stretches D stains
5 A showed up B saw through C gave over D looked out
6 A tower B skyscraper C błock D column
7 A bit B spot C location D space
8 A furnished B provided C supplied D prevented
9 A surroundings B neighbourhood C yicinity D premises
10 A fance B bush C hedge D lawn
11 A space B capacity C area D place
12 A let B rent C hire D lease
13 A But for B Despite C Nevertheless D Although
14 A cramped B crowded C cluttered D crammed
15 A storage B stocking C saving D accumulation

200
 VOCABULARY 4 PLACES

2 Com plete each sentence w ith one word which fits in all three sentences.

1 It took us three hours of hard climbing to reach the .....

Being promoted to manager is undoubtedly the of my career to date.
A special of the leading economic countries has been called.
2 W hen the agreement is finally signed by all parties, you will receive the
...................... to the house.
The self-study edition of the book comes with a ...................... so you can check all
your answers.
His ability to persuade people is t h e ...................... to his success.
3 The second fiat I saw was in a terrib le........................
His physical condition is improving, but Tm not sure about h is ...................... of
mind.
The funeral of former President Jones was attended by heads o f ...................... from
all over the world.
4 The road out of the city affords a spectacular...................... of the lake.
I would like to look at the house again, with a ...................... to moving in shortly.
You w ont find a better house than that one; thats m y ...................... anyway.
5 OK, l e t s ...................... on and try to reach the top by lunchtime.
These trousers are specially designed so that you dont need to iron and
...................... them.
If y o u ...................... this button here, you’11 activate the alarm system.
6 From here you can see the river as it begins t o ......................its way towards
Woodchester.
Once a m onth, someone has to climb the tower a n d ...................... the clock.
The car plant has decided t o ...................... down production of 4 x 4 vehicles.

3 Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
1 The room was Iwhtly/sparsely furnished, with just a table and a chair.
2 I sat down with the landlady and signed the tenancy/lodging agreement.
3 At the dump, huge metal skips were crammed fuli with peoples household/
dom estic rubbish.
4 A group of homeless people entered the unoccupied house and claimed sąuatters
possession/rights.
5 You cant come in here, as its private land/property.
6 They are going to put up a ten-floor/storey building opposite my house.
7 Groups with guides should go to the side access/entrance.
8 Theres been a sharp/heavy rise in the price of property in the south-east.
9 The rooms are dark and smelly, and the heating is harely/hardly adeąuate.
10 From the cliff top, it was a vertical/sheer drop to the rocks below.

201
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTiCE

4 Complete each sentence w ith a word from the box.

bay horizon pass slope strait

cliff landscape plain spring tide

1 This water comes from a ......................near the bottom of the mountain.

2 The hills could be seen faintly outlined against t h e ........................
3 The ship w ont be able to sail until t h e ......................comes in.
4 There was a ro ck y ......................rising a hundred feet above the beach.
5 The two islands are divided by a n a rro w ........................
6 There is only o n e ...................... through the mountains.
7 Many smali boats could be seen m oored in the wide cu rving ......................
8 The children amused themselves by rolling down the grassy........................
9 The w h o le...................... had turned white after the overnight fali of snow.
10 At the foot of the m ountains was a wide, well-cultivated.........................

Complete each sentence (1 -1 0 ) with one of the endings (a-j).

1 I paused at the top of the stairs on t h e ........

2 The walls of the bathroom were covered i n ..............
3 I chained my bike to t h e ..............
4 There was a clock on t h e ..............
5 I left my umbrella in t h e ..............
6 After the storm we had to replace several..............
7 I decided to oil the front d o o r ..............
8 There was no heat coming from t h e ..............
9 You should try to remember to wipe your feet on t h e ..............
10 We stored our old books upstairs in t h e ...............

a ... railings at the front of the house.

b ... hinges, which were rather rusty.
c ... loft, in case we needed them again.
d ... mantelpiece over the fireplace.
e ... landing and wondered which was my room.
f ... doormat outside the back door.
g ... slates which had fallen off the roof
h ... radiator under the window.
i ... tiles with a pattern of fruit and flowers.
j ... porch and opened the front door.

202
 VOCABULARY 4 PLACES

6 Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

architecture desert estuary rangę sccncry

summit site shore sąuare valley

1 One advantage of travelling by train is that you can forget about traffic jams and
crowded roads, and sit back and admire the
2 The area around George Sąuare was first developed in the eighteenth century, and
includes fine examples of t h e ................ of that period.
3 We began climbing the narrow m ountain path just before dawn, and by the time
we reached t h e .................... . the whole o f the plain below lay revealed in the
sunshine.
4 Away from the sea, the landscape becomes increasingly bare until the rocky slopes
give way to the rolHng dunes of t h e .................
5 My eye followed the course of the river, winding down through its green
.................towar ds the distant town of Woodchester.
6 The towering waves rolled in towards t h e .................. , finally crashing upon the
rocks in clouds of spray.
7 At the end of the village, take the track on the right just past the petrol station
(impassable for cars). T h e .............. of the tempie hes 3km to the east of the village.
8 The island is divided by a .................. of m ountains running approximately north
to south, the highest of which is M ount Ash, 3,230 metres.
9 Further along the coast, many diving and wading birds nest in t h e ................ of the
River Bourne, mainly in the marshes to the west of the railway bridge.
10 The narrow medieval Street, now a pedestrian zone, leads away from the cathedral
and brings you eventually to a ................. in front of the Town Hall.

7 Replace the words underlined in each sentence with an expression from the box.

focus exclusively on undecided reach the highest point

largo num bcr situation has changed a long way was m uch taller than
managed to get puzzled gathering of national leaders

1 We have had a flood of applications.

2 John towered above his opponent...............................
3 M ary is still sitting on the fence...............................
4 Both presidents are due to attend a sum m it meeting................
5 Jones is streets ahead of all his rivals in this respect..................
6 I was completely floored by the ąuestion...............................
7 We expect output to peak at around 150,000 cars a year.........
8 Jack has decided to channel all his energy into politics............
9 Harry has landed a new job in sales and marketing..................
10 Some experts believe that the economic tide has now turned.

203
 5
VOCABULARY

Media and advertising

1 Com plete the collocations in each sentence w ith a word from the box.

broadcast bulletin coverage forecast media

brochure campaign edition booklct novel

1 Read the instru ctio n ........ ...................before using your new digital camera.
2 ‘David Copperfield’ is an autobiographical.............................
3 W hat did it say on the w eather........................... ?
4 This is a party political........................... on behalf of the Democratic Party.
5 W hat time is the next n ew s........................... ?
6 This channel doesn t have very good sp o rts.............................
7 A firs t........................... of this book is worth a fortunę.
8 The m ass........................... in most countries is dominated by advertising.
9 W hen does our new advertising........................... begin?
10 I spent all of yesterday evening looking at this holiday..............................

2 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best completes each
collocation or fixed phrase.

fter m ore th an seventy years o f television, it m ight seem only too obvious a
A conclude th at it is (1) to stay. T here have been m any objections to c
during this tim e, o f course, and on a variety o f grounds. D id it cause eye strainr
D id the advertisements contain sublim inal (2) ..........., persuading us to buy m.
and telling us w ho to vote for? D id children tu rn to violence through watching i
either because so m any program m es taught them how to shoot, rob, and kill, or
because they had to do som ething to ( 3 ) ...........the hours they had spent
(4) to the tiny screen? O r did it sim ply create a vast passive audience,
drugged by glamorous serials and inane situation comedies? O n the other hano.
did it increase anxiety by (5) ...........the news and (6) .............our living rooms
w ith war, famine and poUtical unrest?

1 A around B there C ready D here

2 A information B messages C data D Communications
3 A make up for B negate C deny D compensate
4 A attached B fixed C glued D adhered
5 A scandahzing B hyping C dramatizing D sensationalizinz
6 A fiUing B loading C stuffing D packing

204
 VOCABULARY 5 M EDIA AND ADVERTISING

3 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best completes each
collocation or fixed phrase.

These days it's not just television which is (1) ....9:.... the biame for turning the
nation into mindless couch potatoes. According to a recent report, the nation's
11- to 15-year-olds now spend ( 2 ) .......... 52 hours a week in front of a screen,
whether it's the TV or the Computer, and doctors and teachers are ( 3 ) ..........
worried about the effects. Sitting about watching TV or video games, instead
of taking exercise, has clearly played its ( 4 ) ..........in the rise in the number
of seriously overweight children. Experts aiso believe that as a result of their
exposure to fast-moving visual images, many children no longer ( 5 ) ..........it
possible to focus on reading, or sit still and pay attention in the classroom. Now
these experts are saying that it is (6) ..........parents to help teenagers cut down
on TV and Computer use, and make sure tha t they spend equal amounts of time
on other activities.

1 A having B setting C taking D making

2 A for the time being B at any rate C on average D in time
3 A further B excessively C over D increasingly
4 A part B cards C joke D system
5 A make B find C believe D concentrate
6 A in for B down with C up to D back to

4 Com plete each sentence with a word from the box.

fictioR illiterate literature outline shorthand

gist illegible manuscript prose unprintable

1 The first chapter is based on fact, but the rest of the book is complete
fic-tioiA,

2 David was unable to read the postcard because the writing w a s.....................
3 I understood t h e ........................... of the article, but I didn t read it in detail.
4 Brendas comments were so insulting they w e re.............................
5 Bill decided to study F rench........................... at university.
6 I managed to make notes of the speech i n .............................
7 Old Mrs Brown never went to school and i s .............................
8 Some people feel that Davis’s ........................... is better than his poetry.
9 Sheila left th e ........................... of her novel on a train by mistake.
10 Just tell me t h e ............................of the story, d ont go into too much detail.

205
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

5 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best completes each
collocation or fixed phrase.

ne of the groups of consumers targeted by advertisers is, oddly enough. *

O group with very little money of its own, but which has a huge (1)
the way others spend their money. And in some ways, children and advertise'T
could have been made for ( 2 ) ............. After ail, it is easy to fool younger
children into believing ( 3 ) ..........anything and if an advertisement shows th e -
how Biffo Breakfast Cereal will help them run faster than their friends, then
( 4 ) ..........they are concerned, that is the truth. They aiso have strong feeling;
of admiration for action heroes or cartoon characters or sports stars, and will
want to be ( 5 ) ..........their favourite star, and drink the same cola or eat the
same sweets. And when children want something badly enough, they w on't
stop nagging their parents until they (6) ........... it. Advertisements will even
( 7 ) ..........them with the arguments they can use when they are told that
a water-firing robot or a giant chocolate bar is not good (8) .........., or too
expensive, or not available in the supermarket. This is why most EU countries
place ( 9 ) ..........upon television advertising aimed at children. Some countries
have (10) ..........ban on ads promoting toys during children's programmes.
Others restrict the advertising of unhealthy food, or ads involving anything
dangerous. This seems to be a sensible way of preventing advertisers from
taking (11) ..........of children, but in some ways it aIso heips to make a more
damning (1 2 ) ............ If it is generally agreed that children need ( 1 3 ) ............
from some kinds of advertising, then this ( 1 4 ) ..........to definite proof that
advertising strongly influences children's behaviour. In that case, why should
any advertising aimed at children be allowed? After all, isn't it just another
form of brain-washing? Adults may (or may not) resist the ( 1 5 ) ..........claims
of advertisers, but children clearly have not yet learnt to do this. This is why ar,
EU-wide ban on advertising targeting children, or depicting children, is being
called for in some quarters.

1 A cause of B reason why C influence upon D outcome which

2 A each other B the worst C ever D the time being
3 A more and more B all in all C as good as D just about
4 A unless B whatsoever C as far as D supposing
5 A just like B exactly the same C as is D in imitation
6 A stop B achieve C gain D get
7 A offer B explain C fill D supply
8 A at it B for them C with them D to it
9 A handicaps B rules C restrictions D conditions
10 A a to ta l B an utter C a sheer D a thorough
11 A advantage B pity C an interest D responsibilit)’
12 A change B profit C point D contribution
13 A care B preservation C safeguards D protection
14 A comes B amounts C indicates D refers
15 A sceptical B suspicious C doubtful D ąuestioning
206
 VOCABULARY 5 M EDIA AND ADYERTISING

6 Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
1 I do like Channel 4’s reporting/coverąge of the big sporting events.
2 We do not have the book in stock. It is out of circulation/out ofprint.
3 This report comes from our poUtical correspondent/journalist, Edward Ross.
4 The ‘Sunday News’ has the highest circulation/output of any newspaper in Britain.
5 They are bringing out Sues book in a new edition/publication soon.
6 Are books subject to banning/censorship in your country?
7 Through market research the advertising company identified their intended/target
customer.
8 They are very concerned with the image that the advert projects/gives.
9 At least 50 members of the population/public wrote in to complain about the ad.
10 He sits there for hour after hour, staring calmly/blankly at the screen.

7 Com plete the text by w riting a form of the word in CAPITALS in each space.

A man takes a single (1) of a substance and SPOON

puts it in his moutin. Instantly he is transported to another
world, a place of surreal visions and swirling colours. He
rushes (2) .............................into this parallel universe. HEAD
W hat is this ( 3 ) .............................compound with the TERRIFY
power to induce such a mind-blowing trip? Is it some kind
of drug that makes the user hallucinate? No, it's just a humble
cereal ad on TV. The Fruity Wheat ad is the latest in a long
line of ( 4 ) .............................ads whose imagery appears to CONTROVERSY
draw on the effects of mind-altering substances. Colin Rees
of the ‘Stop TV Advertising' group, said: 'I find this and other
such ads totally ( 5 ) ............................... Take this stuff and ACCEPT
you will experience something out of this world - the
(6) ............................of the ad seems elear to me. The IMPLY
companies who make them will say that any reiation to
drugs is just one ( 7 ) .............................of the advert, and not INTERPRET
one that they (8) ............................... When I complained INTENTION
about this ad, I was told that it didn't contain any
(9 ) messages. I thought that was a bit CONSCIOUS
rich - I think the message in it is blatantly obviousl And I
don't think we should be giving TV viewers any
(10 ) in that respect.' ENCOURACE

207
 6
VOCABULARY

The natura! world

1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best completes each
collocation or fixed phrase.

henever we read about the natural w orld nowadays, it is generally to be

W given dire predictions about its (1) ....0:.... destruction. Some scientists
go so (2) ...........as to assert th at from now on, the w orld can no longer be called
natural’, insofar as futurę processes o f weather, climate and all the interactions
o f plant and anim al life will no longer carry on in their tim e-honoured way,
unaffected by hum ans. There will never be such a thing as natural weather’ again. Ę

say such wrlters, only weather affected by global warm ing. It is hard to know
w hether to believe such (3) ...........o f doom , possibly because w hat they are saying

seems too terrible to be true. There are other eąually influential scientists who
argue th at climate, for example, has changed m any times over the (4) ............. and
th at w hat we are experiencing now m ay sim ply be part o f an endless (5) ...........or

change, rather than a disaster on a global ( 6 ) .............

1 A coming B close C imm inent D nigh

2 A much B deep C long D far
3 A prophets B champions C warriors D giants
4 A generations B millennia C centuries D eras
5 A revolution B circle C round D cycle
6 A measure B scalę C proportion D extent

2 Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocatiofL
1 Could you close the window? There’s a bit of a current/d m m h t.
2 I’m soaked, I got caught in a dow npour/torrent.
3 Through my binoculars I watched a tiger stalking its food/prey.
4 Many species of wildlife could become extinct/defunct if left unprotected.
5 I feel hungry. Could you peel/skin an apple for me?
6 D ont be afraid of the monkey, it’s ąuite tam e/trained.
7 O ur country has many natural resources/sources.
8 Marcia is very much into environmental/ac?5/f55Me5 at the moment.
9 Local people are concerned about pollution from sea-located/off-shore oil wells.
10 That’s an unusual dog. W hat breed/race is it?

208
 VOCABULARY 6 THE NATURAL WORLD

3 Choose three items from the box which are associated with each creature.

scratch bhnd flock hole ivory lead nocturnal spray kitten tusks
bark sąueak purr buzz kennel strip e roar stablc trap vampire
whine cub hive h eef lamb net saddlc Sting trunk wool

1 horse stcibLe za d d le

2 bee
3 tiger
4 mosąuito
5 dog
6 sheep
7 elephant
8 mouse
9 bat
10 cat

4 Com plete each sentence w ith a word form ed from the word in CAPITALS.

1 Kapo the gorilla was born and bred i n .... . CAPTIYE

2 In the wild Kapos chances o f .............................. would SURVIVE
be slim.
3 The river cleaning project is run by conservation............................. YOLUNTARY
4 The white rhino is now a n .............................. species. DANGER
5 claim that the virus among seals was ENYIRONMENT
caused by pollution.
6 She may look fierce but the honess b a s .............................. instincts MOTHER
like any other female animal.
7 The fish in the river provide a n .............................. supply of fish ABOUND
for the young bears.
8 The whale shark reaches.............................. at the age of 30. MATURĘ
9 Nowadays only a ..............................of wild crocodiles remain there. HAND
10 Nowhere epitomizes the w onderful.............................. DIYERSE
of naturę better than the jungle.

209
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

5 Com plete each sentence w ith one word which fits in all three sentences.

1 Glaciers provide vital evidence of clim ate........................

W hat you need is not pills but a sim ple.....of scene.
If you need money, theres some sp a re.... in my coat pocket.
2 Grassland and savannah...................... a substantial part of Southern Africa.
It’s a long journey - lets take some books t o ...................... the children.
The protesting students intend t o ......................the Holman Building.
3 The vet said t h e ...................... on the dogs face was not cancerous.
She had a ...................... in her throat and a tear in her eye when she said goodbve
Get up and do some work, you laz y ......................!
4 Many of the wildebeest didnt make it a n d ...................... half-way across the river-
My voice w a s ......................out by the sound of builders drilling.
I ...................... my meal in sauce to hide the bitter taste.
5 The falconer trained the hawk to fly in a perfectly...................... line.
So lets get th is ...................... ; you say you saw the m an break in through the
window.
Why cant you just give me a ......................answer for once in your hfe?

6 Underline the most suitable option in each sentence.

1 Last year this tree was struck by Ughtning/thunder/a storm.
2 I like spring best, when the apple trees are in blooming/blossom/flowers.
3 Something must be done to protect wild/wilderness/wildlife.
4 W hen I want to relax, I go for a walk in the countryside/the nature/the outside.
5 In this part of the country, the earth/the land/the soil is quite expensive.
6 Suddenly we saw a ship appear on the atmosphere/horizon/sky. We were saved!
7 Most animals will attack you to protect their babies/litters/young.
8 Julia recently discovered a new category/make/species of fruit-fly.
9 We got soaked to the skin in the torrential drizzle/downpour/snow.
10 While I was eating cherries I accidentally swallowed a nut/pip/stone.

210

ii
7
¥OCABULARY

Work
1 Com płete the te xt by w riting one word from each column to form a coHocation
in each space.
C olum n A C olum n B
working, sick, promotion, description, letter, conditions,
pension, covering, trial, scheme, path, pay, prospects,
career, job, claims, travel expenses, form, period

Dear David,

You’ll neverguess w hafs happened - lVe only got ajob! I sawan advert in the pressforan

administrative assistant a t London Insurance, and sent in my CV

and a ( 1 ) ............................................ . more out of curiosity than anything eise. Weil, to my

surprise, I got an interview, and I managed to comince them th a t Insurance is the

(2 ) I intend to pursue. Apparentiy, they were impressed with my

ambition, especially when I sald I was looking for a job with good ( 3 ) ..............................................

and a week later I was offered the job.

They seem to look afteryou well - for example, 1was told to send in a
(4 ) so th a t they could reimburse my
(5 ) to the inter^iew. I t ’s little things like th a t which make all

the difference.
i was aiso impressed by the ( 6 ) .............................................a t the Office when I went for the
lntervlew. So l’m actually starting work on Monday! IVe received my

( 7 ) .............................................now, and it all seems vety fawurable. A fte r a

(3 ) of one month, 111 be on a permanent contract with

(9 ) and paid holiday. There’s even a coxr\’ęar\)j

(1 0 ) which 1can join.

DaWd, why don’t you apply? They take on 2 0 new graduates each year. It would be right up your

Street.

Best wishes,

Fiona

211
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

2 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best completes each
collocation or fixed phrase.

1 We re very busy this week. Can you w o rk ........ 9'...........?

A extra time B supplementary time C overtime D double łi:ap
2 ]ane succeeded m her job tbiough sbeer b a r d ....................
A work B labour C industry D effort
3 Catherine works for a ................... advertising agency.
A main B forefront C principal D leading
4 Toms em ploym ent.................would be better if he had a clean driving licence.
A prospects B opportunities C odds D likelihood
5 Bill bas a re a l................... for caring for the elderly.
A career B post C inspiration D vocation
6 Rutb is looking for a n e w ................... at the moment.
A yacancy B position C work D emploi
7 I have a /a n ................. in Computer aided design and three years’ experience.
A lesson B course C qualification D examii:
8 In some companies there is little .................. to work bard.
A inspiration B advantage C gain D m otiratioa
9 Its not very interesting work, but at least its a ................job.
A constant B continuous C nonstop D steady
10 After the takeover, the Managing Director was forced to hand in h i s ................
A resignation B notification C retirement D dismissd

3 Com plete the text by w riting a form of the word in CAPITALS in each space.

This year, ( 1 ) ...... ............................... fa c to ry has suffered PRO DUCT '

because o f a lack o f e x p e rt te ch n ica l kn o w le d g e . As a result
w e have m ade v e ry substantial ( 2 ) .............................. in se n d ing INVE5T

em ployees on tra in in g courses. The fa c t rem ains th a t it is

b e c o m in g increasingly d iffic u lt to g e t skilled labourers w ith

th e rig h t ( 3 ) ......................................, experience, and above all, O U A L i.-r

( 4 ) .................................The co m p a n y has aiso suffered th is ye a r EXPE-.T
fro m th e in d u stria l ( 5 ) ......................................in N ovem ber, w h ic h ACT
saw 3 4 0 un io n m em bers w a lk o u t in a pay disp u te . U nion

( 6 ) ......................................e v e n tu a lly sat d o w n w ith m a n a g e m e n t REPRESEST

and n e g o tia te d a fo u r per c e n t pay rise and five w o rk in g days w e re lost.

W e aiso n o w recognize th e need to ( 7 ) ............................. ECONOAAY

in som e areas, and o u r m a n a g e m e n t ( 8 ) ................................., P rior CONSULT

and Y oung, have id e n tifie d th e need fo r a t least th re e d e p a rtm e n ts

to be ( 9 ) ........................................ It is th o u g h t th a t th is w ill mean STREAM

th e loss o f b e tw e e n six and te n jobs, th o u g h th e e xa ct fig u re s w ill

be ( 1 0 ) ......................................in th e n e x t re p o rt. CLEA_^

212
 VOCABULARY 7 WORK

4 Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

agent competitor cxccutivc industrialist manufacturer

client dealer foreman labourer trainee

1 Nowadays you often find that the t o p ..............................in a company is a woman.

2 If you have any problems with your work, talk to t h e ................................
3 ‘Happy Chips’ is the num ber o n e .............................. of potato crisps in the country.
4 Tm starting next week as a .............................. chef in a large hotel.
5 O ur company is t h e .............................. for several large insurance companies.
6 David was not content until he had become a r ic h ................................
7 O ur firm is ąuite a long way ahead of our n earest................................
8 W ith mechanization it is difficult to find work as an unskilled................................
9 I have been working as a used c a r ............................. for the past six months.
10 A company should make every............................... feel important.

5 Match each sentence (1 -1 0 ) with an explanation (a-j).

1 Jane was headhunted by a multinational company.

2 Pam is at the end of her teth er...........
3 Mary s assistant was given the sack............
4 Jean really has her nose to the grindstone............
5 Sue was given a golden handshake............
6 Helen took on a new secretary...........
7 Ann is on the go all day...........
8 Brenda was overlooked............
9 Judith has made good............
10 Paulines boss keeps her on her toes..............

a She is always busy.

b She doesn t have the chance to become complacent.
c Shes working hard.
d She didn t get promoted.
e She was offered a better job.
f She has become successful.
g She was dismissed.
h She received a cash bonus on leaving her job.
i She has run out of patience.
j She gave someone a job.

213
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Complete the second sentence so that it is a more formal version of the first
sentence. Each space is one word.
1 You can join the company pension scheme.
You are ...........................for the company s pension scheme.
You get 25 days’ paid hoMday.
You a re .................... to 25 days’ holiday.
The salary is fixed.
The salary is n o t ......................
You m ust wear smart clothes.
AU employees must be sm artly ......................
The hours are 9 to 5.
T h e .................... day will commence at 9.00 and finish at 5.00.
You d o n t get paid for any extra work in the evening or at weekends.
N o .................... payments are made in respect of this position.
If youre off sick for more than three days, get something written by a doctor.
A n y .................... of more than three days must be explained by a doctor s

8 Tell us one month in advance if you want to end your employment with us.
This contract may b e .................. at any time by you, but one m onths..................
must be given in writing of your intention to do so.

7 Complete the text by w riting one word in each space.

Have you ever asked yourseif why it is that we ( 1 ) ......WP.r!?..... ? If it is, as some
people say, just a question of money, would you be prepared to do any job as
long as you (2 ) .................... a lot, even if it involved working for long hours in
appalling ( 3 ) ....................? Or are you perhaps more interested in the
( 4 ) .................... you get when you feel that you are good at your job? It's true
that there is a great sense of ( 5 ) .................... behind, for example, the creatiop
of a well-made product, or the clinching of an important deal, though this
might not be the (6) .................... if you were serving in a shop or delivering
letters. StiiI, as long as the customers are satisfied, then you can ( 7 ) ................
yourseif on a job well done, and feel that you have (8 ) ....................to the
success of the company that ( 9 ) ....................you. On the other hand, would
you feel that your work was more worthwhile if you received more praise frorr
your employers? Would you feel happier if they paid you a ( 1 0 ) ....................s,-
sent you to a sales conference in Tahiti? Or is praise unnecessary, as long as the
■ job (11) .................... you with the company of other people, and the feeling
.K
that you belong to the group? Most of us are probably too ( 1 2 ) ....................
working to wonder too much about this. One day perhaps we'll find that idea
job which gives life meaning, but until then we'll just get up every morning anc
'M
keep on working.
214
8
VOCABULARY

Business and money

1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

urs is a vanishing world, one in which the familiar is constantly

O disappearing and technological change is often difficult to cope with. So

it should come (1) no surprise to most of us to hear that yet another
part of everyday life is about to go for ever. Apparently, within the next decade,
money as we ( 2 ) ..........it will probably ( 3 ) ............to exist in technologically
advanced countries. ( 4 ) ..........Professor Gerry Montague of the Institute for
(5 ) Reform, the familiar coins and banknotes will soon be replaced
entirely by credit cards of various kinds. And the shop of the futurę will be
(6 ) directiy to the network of banking computers. The assistant will
simply key in your bank account code number and the amount you have spent,
and thank you politely. You w o n 't have to dig ( 7 ) ..........in your pockets for
change. You may not even have a number for your account as such, as the
Computer may by then be able to read your handprint. So no mora instances of
credit card (8 ) ............ But I am afraid that I shall miss money. I have felt
( 9 ) ..........attached to it, ever sińce I received my first pocket ( 1 0 ) ............when
I was five, and kept it in a money-box. Even if my credit card of the futurę will
be able to tell me exactly how much spending ( 1 1 ) ..........I have left, even if
it lights up and plays a happy (or sad) tune at the same time, nothing will be
able to replace the ( 1 2 ) ..........pleasure I gained from rattling the coins in my
money-box.

1 A with B as C to D in
2 A have B see C know D believe
3 A cease B stop C fail D conclude
4 A W ith reference to B Further to C According to D Owing to
5 A Economical B Economics C Economic D Economy
6 A United B fixed C combined D linked
7 A far B long C tall D deep
8 A deceit B trickery C pretence D fraud
9 A heavily B strongly C widely D largely
10 A cash B coins C money D gold
11 A capacity B potential C capability D power
12 A sheer B complete C entire D downright

215
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

2 Match each sentence (1 -9) with a sentence from (a-i) which has a similar
meaning.

1 We have to haggle............ a We have a high expenditure.

2 We have a nice little nest-egg. b We are very thrifty.
3 We spend a lot............ c We let people borrow from us.
4 We are in debt............ d We earn according to what we seli
5 We don t waste m oney........... e We argue about the price.
6 We are paid on com m ission... f We have a high income.
7 We want a rise............ g We need higher wages.
8 We lend m oney........... h We owe money.
9 We earn a lot............ i We have some savings.

C om plete th e te x t by w riting o n e w ord from each coium n to form a collocation

in each space.
C olum n A C olum n B
stock, tax, raise, monthly, Capital, venture, account,
savings, down, household, market, instalments, account,
current, earns, business return, interest, bills, payment

Adviser: ... and what about your bank details?

M r Lumley: Weil, I have a regular (1)... ......................
from which we pay all our ( 2 )............................................. such as gas
and water, and also a ( 3 ) ............................................. which

(4 ) at a rate of 4V2 %.
Adviser; I notice you have a regular monthly payment of £200 going out to JCS_
W hats that?
Mr Lumley: Oh yes, that’11 be the sofa. We made an initial
(5 ) of £400; then were paying the rest in
(6 ) of £200.
Adviser: Right, and do you have any other savings or investments?
Mr Lumley: I have some shares invested in the ( 7 ) ................................................... ..
but their value has gone down to just a few hundred pounds.
Adviser: And last time we spoke, you were talking about maybe starting a new
( 8 ) ............................................. with a colleague.
Mr Lumley: No, thats fallen through. We couldnt (9) ........................................ the
necessary............................................. to satisfy the bank manager.
Probably just as well. It will make filling in my
(1 0 )............................................. a lot easier.
Adviser: Yes, thafs certainly true. It all gets very complicated if youre
self-employed.

216
 VOCABULARY 8 BUSINESS AND MONEY

4 Underline the tw o most suitable options in each sentence.

1 Harry has a good salary. He ęains/ ęets/m akes over £20,000 a year.
2 Mary was awarded a grant/scholarship/subsidy to study child psychology.
3 How much did you g ive/pay/take for your new car?
4 Their h o u sefetch ed/produ ced/soldfor a lot more than they expected.
5 Tm going to the bank to take out/rem ove/w ithdraw the money for the rent.
6 The manager disappeared with the receipts/takings/wages from the concert.
7 By the time Kate retired she was afortunate/prosperous/w ealthy businesswoman.
8 We had a good holiday but it was rather costly/expensive/valuable.
9 Unfortunately the old painting I found turned out to be priceless/valueless/
worthless.
10 We would appreciate it if you would close/settle/pay your bill as soon as possible.

5 Com plete the text by writing a word from the box in each space which
collocates w ith the words in bold.

credit market redundant valuc charge

fortunę investment booming retirement bankrupt

Have your shares just fallen in ( 1 ) ... ................ and you d ont know what to do? Or
have you come into a ( 2 ) ......................and don t know how to invest it? Weil, whether
youVe been made (3 ) ...................... or ąualified for early ( 4 ) ........................, whether
your business is ( 5 ) ...................... or youVe just been declared ( 6 ) .......................... we
are the bank for you, the caring bank. WeVe got the account for you and can advise
you accordingly. Take out a Premier Account with us and you will be making a wise
(7 ) We offer some of the most competitive loans and mortgages on the
(8 ) Provided you m aintain your account in ( 9 ) .......................... and at a
m inimum level of £1500, we will offer you financial advice completely free of
( 1 0 ) ...................... , whenever you reąuest it. C ant be bad, can it?

217
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

6 Com plete each sentence w ith a word from the box.

financial company enterprise shares price

claim currency figures fund credit

1 Sally became quite wealthy by investing in stocks and ......

2 O ur company receives a lot of payments in foreign.....................
3 This government believes firmly in the value of fre e .....................
4 rd like to buy this property, but I find the asking................... too high.
5 Tom is near retirement and is putting a lot of money into his p en sio n ..........
6 After our house was damaged by fire, we put in an insurance.....................
7 Everyone was impressed by the sales................... for the new product.
8 Margaret found it hard to raise a loan as she had a p o o r .................... rating.
9 Susans business is being taken over by a m ultinational.....................
10 Before making an investment, consult an independent................... adviser.

7 Replace the words underlined with a more formal word from the box.

appreciate conccrning deducting delayed dispatching

enclosed endeavour inconvenience maintain trust

Dear Mrs Carter

Thank you for your letter of 24th June about (1) your order 3882. Please
accept our apologies for any trouble (2) .................... caused to you by the late dellye^łf
of this order. While we try (3 ).................... to ensure that deliveries take place within
the time slot stated on the invoice, orders are sometimes mada late (4 ).................... by
matters beyond our control. In this particular case, the courier service failed to follow
our instructions, and your delivery was returned to us in error.
We aiso apologize for not sending (5 ).................... your order correctiy. The missing
items have been sent by express delivery.
Our policy at ComputaDirect is to keep up (6) .................... a high standard of sen/ice,
As a goodwill gesture, we are taking off (7 )....................the cost of the missing iterns
from your invoice. Please find a cheque for this amount in the envelope in this letter
( 8 ) .......................
We would like (9 ).................... an acknowledgement of the new delivery, and of this
goodwill payment, using the freepost envelope.
We hope (1 0 ).................... that this matter has now been resolved to your satisfactkm.

Yours sincerely
Jo h iA , B-flrr
John Barr
Customer Sen/ices Manager

218
9
yOCABULARY

People and relationships

1 Com plete the text by w riting a word or phrase from the box in each space.

struck out interests sheltered hit it off follow

domineering live up to commitment plucked up rebelled
pushy trial spoilt pressure patch

I guess I was what one might cali a ( 1 ) .................................child, for I was an

oniy child and I got whatever I wanted. I had a rather weak-minded mother
and by contrast a very (2) ................................. father who had exceedingly high
expectations of me, expectations that I could not ( 3 ) ....................................You
see, my father was quite an eminent lawyer and wanted nothing more than for
me to ( 4 ) ................................. in his footsteps. He encouraged me to win at
everything and to be ultra-competitive. He just couldn't see that he was being
far too ( 5 ) ................................. and putting too much (6) ...................................
on me. He simply thought that he was acting in my best ( 7 ) .............................
Not surprisingly, perhaps, I (8) ................................. against my upbringing by
becoming thoroughiy apathetic at school. As soon as I turned 18, I
( 9 ) ................................. on my own and went o ff on a trip to India. It was there
that I met Ingrid, a fellow traveller. It became elear that we came from very
similar backgrounds. She too was running away from something: in her case
a very (10) ................................. upbringing, caused by having tw o very over-
protective parents. We ( 1 1 ) ................................. immediately, and I
(12 ) courage and asked her to be my girlfriend. But I was
young and I needed space, and I guess I was too immature to handle the give
and take of a relationship. Or perhaps I was just afraid of
(13 ) Anyway, we went through a very bad
(14 ) and had a (1 5 )................................... separation for a
couple of months.

219
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

2 Underline the most suitable option in each sentence.

(6 )

1 As I am officially an alien/an outsider/a stranger I have to register with the police.

2 Let me introduce you to my betrothed/engaged/fiancee. W ere getting m arried next
month.
3 Jim is just an acąuaintance/a colleague/a figurę I m et on holiday.
4 Why not bring your child along to the Mothers and Jmeniles/Juniors/Toddlers
group? Its for one- and two-year-olds.
5 Local people are campaigning for better facilities for the senior/ancient/elderly.
6 O ur ancestors/descendants/predecessors are ali buried in the local churchyard.
7 Peter is 50 and unm arried and his friends cali him ‘an eligible bachelor/
independent/single’.
8 The bridegroom was handed the ring by the assistant groom /best man/godfather.
9 W hen I was a bloke/chap/lad I used to walk ten miles to school.
10 We cali her ‘A untie Flo’, though she is not really z n j fam ily/relation/relative to us.

3 Com plete each sentence w ith an adjective from the box.

aggressive attentive devoted insensitive solitary

apathetic conscicntious extrovert matura prejudiced

Sharon works very hard and is extremely .

David does everything alone. He is a ra th e r.............................. person.
W hat a lovely couple! They seem totally.............................. to one another.
Jim has extreme views, and i s .............................. against all immigrants.
Very few students wanted to join in the activities. They seemed rather

Simon is always getting into fights, hes s o ................................

Jane may look rather young, but she has a v e ry .............................. attitude.
8 Pauline is a good teacher, and v e ry .............................. to the needs of the students.
9 Bill is shy but his brother Mike is m o re ................................
10 M ary doesnt realize how she hurts people. She is really................................

220
 VOCABULARY 9 PEOPLE A N D RELATIONSHłPS

Match each expression (1 -1 0 ) with an explanation (a-j).

1 nearest and dearest ... 0......

2 newlyweds..........
3 the nuclear fam ily..........
4 ad u lts..........
5 a com m unity..........
6 a generation..........
7 contem poraries..........
8 the extended fam ily..........
9 a household..........
10 outcasts...........

a people who are alive at the same time or for example attend the same school
b people who have only recently been (or are still) on their honeymoon
c all the people of approximately the same age
d the people in a family who live together under the same roof
e the entire rangę of relatives in one family
f all the people living together in the same area
g a person (or people) from your immediate family
h people who are no longer teenagers
i people abandoned by their families or by society in generał
) parents and their children

5 Complete each sentence with a verb from the box.

abandoned criticized ncglcctcd ąuarrelled separated

adopted humiliated offended retired scolded

Keiths p a re n ts...... ........................him when he was a baby.

The smali child was b e in g .............................. by its m other for getting dirty
Tom deeply.............................. Ann by ignoring her at the party.
David is not my real father. I w a s ..............................by him when I was smali.
łan and Fiona a re .............................. and they may get divorced.
6 I ..............................with my boyfriend but we made it up in the end.
7 Jack.............................. on his 65th birthday and received his pension.
8 My p aren ts.............................. me for having a ring in my nose.
9 Julies p aren ts.............................. her when she was a few months old and she grew
up in a childrens home.
10 My boss utterly.............................. me in front of important clients, so I resigned.

221
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

6 Replace the words underlined in each sentence with a phrase from the box.

turncd him down went out together got to know kept in touch moved in with
got on well with fell out ran away from stood him up grew up

1 W hen Brian asked her to m arry him, Ann said no.

I communicated regularly with most of my old friends.............................
Ann spent her childhood years in London...................................
David and Jean dated for three months before they got engaged..............
Kate guarrelled with her boyfriend and they stopped seeing each other.

Helen had a good relationship with her in-law s...

Harry left home without his parents’ permission.
8 Sophia promised to meet Michael after w orkbut disappointerl him .

9 After a few weeks I went to hve in the house of some friends.

10 I grew friendly with Pam when we worked together.................

Com plete the spaces w ith one word which fits in ail three sentences.

1 Barry was a very compHcated individual who easily....... t-ę.ę.fe...... offence.

I ..... .................to the job immediately and felt Uke I’d been doing it all
my life.
After 36 days of fighting, the invading forces finally......................the city.
2 After ąuarrelling with David, M artina w a s ......................to tears.
It was a ...................... cali, but I think Leupers just won it from Collins in second
place.
In such sweltering heat, it was unbearably...................... and hum id on the
Underground.
3 Janes fath e r...................... with rage when she told him she was pregnant.
Events in oil-producing countries...................... the confidence of investors.
The lio n ...................... its magnificent mane and gave an almighty roar.
4 John and M ary met at university, and they’ve been going ...................... for almost
five years.
‘...................... on - is that really what you want you to do?’
There has been a ......................decline in the num ber of małe applicants.
5 ‘I just cant imagine my D a d ...................... me down the aisle in church to get
married,’ said Maggie.
Lewis Hamilton is currently...................... the drivers’ championship.
She emerged from the stable...................... a beautiful black horse.

222
10
VOCABULARY

Social problems
1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

Ask most people for their Top Ten fears, and you'll be sure to find being burgled fairly
high on the (1) .....An informal survey I (2 )...........among friends at a party last
week revealed that eight of them had had their homes broken into more than twice,
and two had been burgled five times. To put the record (3 )......... , none of my friends
owns valuable paintings or a sideboard fuli of family silverware. Three of them are
students, (4 )........... The most typical burglary, it seems, (5 ).......... the theft of easily
transportable items - the television, the video, even food from the freezer. This may
have something to do with the fact that the (6) ......... burglar is in his (or her) late
teens, and probably wouldn't know what to do with a Picasso, ( 7 ) .........selling a
persona! stereo or a vacuum cleaner is a much easier (8) ........... They are perhaps not
so much Professional criminals, as hard-up young people w ho need a fe w pounds and
some excitement. Not that this makes having your house ( 9 ) ......... upside down and
your favourite things stolen any easier to (1 0 )........... In most (1 1 )..........., the police
have no luck (1 2 ).........any of the stolen goods. Uniess there is definite evidence, they
are probably unable to do anything at all. And alarms or special locks don't (13).........
to help either. The oniy advice my friends couid (1 4 ).........was 'Never live on the
ground floor' and 'Keep two or three very fierce dogs', which reminded me of a case I
read about, where the burglars' (1 5 ).........included the family's pet poodle.

1 A rank B rating C grade D list

2 A called up B held with C set about D carried out
3 A straight B right C correct D steady
4 A as well B however C in fact D at any rate
5 A means B involves C affects D covers
6 A common B medium C average D middle
7 A whereas B as yet C much as D as soon as
8 A concern B event C situation D matter
9 A put B turned C stood D pulled
10 A submit B receive C accept D admit
11 A examples B cases C items D occasions
12 A taking B making C tracking D recovering
13 A sound B look C show D seem
14 A come up with B make do with C go through with D get off with
15 A takings B profit C loot D receipts

223
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

2 Com plete each sentence w ith a verb from the box.

blocked failed held collapscd sustained

evacuated used met spread sealed

1 The whole building but fortunately there were no casualties.

2 Throughout the flooded area, villages are b e in g ......................by helicopter.
3 The terrorists threatened to kill their hostages if their demands were not

4 Several buildings...................... damage from the earthąuake.

5 Trees were uprooted and many roads w e re ........................
6 The two trains coUided after o n e ...................... to stop at signals.
7 Rescue tea m s...................... out httle hope of finding other survivors.
8 The blaze rapidly...................... to neighbouring buildings.
9 PoHce......................tear-gas in an attempt to disperse the mob.
10 Police......................off the town-centre for two hours while they searched for the
bomb.

3 Com plete the text by w riting a form of the word in CAPITALS in each space.

One of the most (1) ...':VP.Try'r!fV3... crime statistics in Europę is WORRY

the rise in juvenile crime. Often the root causa is
(2 ) .....................to drugs, an expensive habit which often ADDIC"
leads young ( 3 ) ..................... into a life of petty crime. OFFENCE
Some parents, unable to cope with their children's addiction have
thrown them out of home, forcing them to live the lives of
( 4 ) ....................... 'Kate' (not her real name) is one such BEC
person. ( 5 ) .....................sińce she was 18, Kate has had HOME
various brushes with the law, most recently for
(6) ..................... , in order to raise cash to fuel a heroin THIE=
habit. As a result of that transgression, Kate spent tw o months
in prison, rubbing shoulders with ( 7 ) ..................... criminals HAR2
and murderers. After drugs counselling, she is now trying to
put her life back together. 'I know the law has to be (8) ............... ,' FORCE
she says, ‘but addicts need help more than punishment.' She
does agree, though, that most drugs should remain ( 9 ) .................. LEGA_
'I suppose that might stop kids trying drugs, though it wasn't a
( 1 0 ) ..................... in my case. You have to realize that you can DETE=
get your life sorted out w ithout drugs. And that can take time.'

224
 VOCABULARY 10 SOCIAL PROBLEMS

4 Correct any errors of speiling or punctuation in each line of the text. Some lines
are correct.

After drinking a bottle of vodka, Alan and Richard Potter both 15, decided i
to go out and do some joyriding. The car they broke into belonged to 2 ....
a Mrs McDiarmad. Having drivern the car at high speeds along country 3
lanes, they abandonned it in a lay-by, and thumbed a lift home. Merdfully, 4 ...........
no other drivers were hurt, aithough several had to swirve dangerously to 5 ...........
avoid the Potter boys. In an experiment which is proveing to be remarkably 6 ...........
sucessful, the two teenagers were obliged to meet the victim of their crime 7 ...........
in person. Mrs McDiarmad told them in no uncertain terms that 20 years 8 ...........
earlier she had lost a nephew in a car accident caused by a drinken driver. 9 ...........
The Potters ended up in tears, and the younger, Alan, has sińce visited Mrs 10 ...........
McDiarmad on two occassions to apologize for his actions. The scheme 11 ...........
Alan and Richard took part in is known, as 'Face up to it'. It brings together 12 ...........
young offenders' with those they have wronged. Naturally, the victim must 13 ...........
agree to participate, and many find themselves simply unable to coperate. 14 ...........
The scheme is being operated on a tryal basis in several major cities, and 15 ...........
has the aproval of the social services. Early results suggest that young 16 ...........
people who take part are considarably less likely to commit any further 17 ...........
offences. It is to be hoped that this is indeed, the case with Alan and 18 ...........
Richard Potter.

5 Underline the most suitable option in each sentence.

1 The police arrested Jack and took him into custody/detention/prison.
2 In most countries, the capital/death/execution penalty has been abolished.
3 A man is said to be helping the poHce with their arrests/detection/inąuiries.
4 The judge in the court was wearing a hairpiece/head-dress/wig.
5 Two football fans were later charged with aggression/assault/attack.
6 In some legał systems, the accused is presumed honest/faultless/innocent until
proved guilty.
7 I was given a light sentence because it was my first case/charge/offence.
8 A patrol car stopped me because I was racing/running/speeding in a built-up area.
9 The court case was dismissed for lack of evidence/ajury/defence.
10 ‘Members of the jury, what is your answ er/sum m ary/verdictV

225
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

6 Com plete each sentence w ith a suitable preposition.

1 The new law on dropping litter com es....... .............. force next month.
2 Ann was released from prison and now she i s ...................... probation.
3 Local students have been b a n n e d ...................... taking part in the demonstration.
4 Local people have called for an investigation...................... the causes of the fire.
5 Football fans w e n t......................the rampage in the centre of Norwich last night.
6 She claimed that the selling of habit-forming drugs was g etting ......................
of control.
7 The car left the road and crashed...................... a tree.
8 Several guests at the hotel were ro b b ed ...................... jewellery and money.
9 David, 19, has been sleeping...................... a park bench for the past six months.
10 The poHce have charged H elen ...................... driving without due care and
attention.

7 Replace the words underlined in each sentence with a word from the box.

abolished deported neglected rioted swerved

cheated disperscd pardoned sąuatted swindled

1 At the end of the demonstration, the crowd went off in different direr.tions
peacefully.
2 The government has done nothing about this problem for years.....................
3 The employees were cheated out of their pensions by the managing director.

4 Hundreds of football fans acted yiolently in the city streets.....................

5 David was officially released from prison when the police discovered new
evidence.....................
6 Brian was an illegal alien and when he was caught he was made to leave the
country. ...................
7 Jim and Sue lived illegally without paying rent in a house in South London for two
years.....................
8 Jane was asked to leave the examination after she acted dishonestly and was
caught.....................
9 Capital punishm ent was brought to an end some time ago in most countries.

10 The poHce car turned suddenly to avoid a pedestrian, and crashed.

226
11
VOCABULARY

Entertainment
1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

n til th e early p a rt o f th is c e n tu ry th e re was ce rta in ly a (1) b e tw e e n p o p u la r

U musie, th e songs and dance tu n e s o f th e masses, and w h a t w e have ( 2 ) ...........

to cali classical musie. Up to th a t p o in t, how ever, th e re w e re a t least som e p o in ts o f

c o n ta c t b e tw e e n th e tw o , and perhaps generał re c o g n itio n o f w h a t m ade a g o o d voice,

o r a g o o d song. W ith th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f ( 3 ) ........... e n te rta in m e n t, p o p u la r musie

( 4 ) ........... a w a y and has g ra d u a lly de ve lop e d a s tro n g e r life o f its o w n to th e p o in t

w h e re it has becom e ( 5 ) ........... w ith th e classics. In som e ( 6 ) ............. .. it is n o w

d o m in a te d by th e p ro m o tio n o f y o u th culture.

1 A contradiction B distinction C separation D discrimination

2 A come B become C ended D moved
3 A crowd B majority C ąuantity D mass
4 A cut B split C cracked D branched
5 A incongruous B inconsistent C incidental D incompatible
6 A respects B manners C effects D regards

Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

here is a n ew (1) o f classical m usicians, led by th e likes o f Russell W atson

T and Yanessa M a e , w h o have achieved th e ( 2 ) ........... o f rock stars, and have been
m arketed in th e same way. This seems to suggest th a t m a n y y o u n g people e n joy
classical musie b u t do n o t w ish to be ( 3 ) ........... w ith th e lifestyle o f those w h o are
tra d itio n a lly supposed to e n jo y it. O r it m ay ( 4 ) ........... be th a t re co rd in g eom panies
have diseovered th a t th e re is an insatiable desire fo r 'so u n d s', and th a t classical musie is
b e g in n in g to sound e x c itin g to a g e n e ra tio n ( 5 ) ........... on rock b u t n o w ( 6 ) ............. in to
a fflu e n t m id d ie -a g e .

1 A linę B species C breed D pedigree

2 A grade B degree C rank D status
3 A accompanied B combined C associated D related
4 A simply B clearly C easily D plainly
5 A fostered B raised C nurtured D grown
6 A establishing B settling C lowering D relaxing

227
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

3 Both options make sense. Underline the one which makes a common
collocation.
1 Everyone clapped enthusiastically when the actors came on screen/stagę.
2 Most critics agree that Celia gave the best acting/performance.
3 We bought some ice-cream during the in terlu de/in tew al of the play.
4 Jean has decided to join an amateur dram atic/theatrical society.
5 There was so much suspense that I was kept on the edge of m y place/seat.
6 The leading lady unfortunately lost her voice during the dress/stage rehearsal.
7 Most m odern plays don t need a lot of compHcated scenery/landscape.
8 I thought it was a good film but it got terrible preview s/review s.
9 Quite honestly, I haven’t much time for horror/terror films.

4 Match each person from the box with a description (1 -9 ).

acrobat cast conductor juggler understudy

ballerina clown stuntm an Yocalist

1 someone who makes people laugh at the circus

2 someone who sings.................
3 someone who is a member of this is an a c to r.................
4 someone who entertains others by throwing and catching things ,
5 someone who entertains others by performing gym nastics..........
6 someone who takes an actors place in an em ergency.................
7 someone who tells an orchestra what to d o .................
8 someone who performs dangerous actions in place of an actor ....
9 someone who dances gracefully in a leading ro le .................

5 Com plete each sentence w ith a word from the box.

brass chorus lyrics organist string

concert opera percussion woodwind

I went to a rock ....held in a large football stadium.

T h e ...................... section of the orchestra needs a new violinist.
Keith wanted to learn a ......................instrum ent so took up the clarinet.
Their musie is really great, but I cant understand t h e ........................
As we entered the church, t h e ...................... began playing a solemn tune.
I used to play the trum pet in the lo ca l...................... band.
You need a good voice and acting ability to perform in a /a n ........................
8 ril sing the first verse, and everyone will join in for t h e ........................
9 Nowadays it is possible to simulate m o s t......................Instruments electronically,
so drums are not always needed.

228
 V0CABULARY11 ENTERTAINMENT

6 Complete the text by writing a form of the word in CAPITALS in each space.

It's 8.30 at the headquarters of the Boogy Woogers dance group,

a ( 1 ) .... studio in Geneva. Dancers of all shapes REHEARSE
and sizes begin to tumbie ( 2 ) ........................ through the doors. ENERGY
Some begin limbering up, others splinter off into groups to try
out new moves. One woman, lost in her own ( 3 ) ........................ THINK
sits with her headphones on, preparing for the punishing routines
to follow. A long-haired man with a goatee beard puts a CD in
the hi-fi, and rap musie blares out of the ( 4 ) ........................... SPEAK
Soon the room is alive with whiriing, spinning bodies and
( 5 ) ........................ fills the air. LAUGH
The Boogy Woogers are the brainchild of Tomas Seeler, who
handpicked many of his troupe from local Street dancers. Seeler's
own ( 6 ) ........................ was in gymnastics, but others come BACK
from the worlds of martial arts, bodybuilding and ballet. Many
different ( 7 ) ........................ are represented in the group, NATIONAL
including Chiiean, Fijian and Senegalese dancers. The group
has been performing all over Europę, most notably in Paris,
where they became ( 8 ) ........................ celebrities. Famous NIGHT
for their ( 9 ) ........................ and novel interpretations, the CREATE
Boogy Woogers have made several (1 0 )........................ on TV, APPEAR
and look set to remain the 'in' thing for many years to come.

7 Com plete each sentence w ith a suitable preposition.

1 The clowns walked into the rin g ........ ..............stilts, looking about three metres
tali!
2 The stadium was packed ...................... people for the athletics meeting.
3 Janet holds the world rec o rd ...................... long distance swimming.
4 During the match, a message c a m e ...................... the loudspeakers.
5 There is a craze...................... skateboarding at the moment.
6 Harry last appeared...................... the role of King Lear at the National Theatre.
7 Have you got any tickets le ft...................... the front stalls, please?
8 Alex accompanied Helens singing...................... the piano.
9 The play was so bad that the actors were b o o e d ...................... the stage.
10 David challenged C ath y...................... a game of chess.

229
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTiCE

8 Match each activity from the box with one of the sentences.

jigsaw-puzzle table tennis Computer game board game pool

darts cards chess television draughi

1 If you look at the picture on the box its easier to decide where the pieces go.
j_L0sęiw pj^zzLe _
Whenever you deal you seem to get at least three aces......................
The white bali hit the red bali and went into the corner pocket......................
I took all of his pieces in one move! I swept the board!....................
Pass the remote control - I want to get the weather report......................
Throw the dice twice and then pick up a card......................
The bulls-eye is worth fifty, but its a bit hard to hit......................
8 If the bali hits the net when you serve, it doesn t count......................
9 You can easily put her in check if you make the next move with your queen.

10 lVe been playing this for a month and lVe got to Level Three.

9 Complete the spaces with one word which fits in all three sentences.
1 Briggs won the 100 metres in a new world..... ..................time.
It’s difficult for anyone with a crim inal..... ..................to get a job.
The police are keeping a .... ...................of all cars which enter the area.
2 The group have benefited from considerable m edia..........................
Maria didn t find John attractive, but was rather flattered by h is ..........................
Its been brought to m y ....................... that there have been a number of thefts from
the office.
3 Like all great opera singers, Pavarotti had an imposing..........................
She showed great........................of mind and led the children calmly downstairs to
safety.
There was a huge police........................at the football match.
4 My favourite....................... in the play is where Uncle Toby breaks a priceless vase.
No thanks, discos are not really m y ..........................
Reporting from th e ........................of the accident is Channel 4 s Jeremy Charles.
5 Fords latest....................... is a collaboration with several other great pianists.
After h is ........................from prison, Golding promised to go straight.
Several workers were taken to hospital after the accidental.................... o f carbon
dioxide in a local chemical factory.

230
12
VOCABULARY

Govemment and society

1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

V ie w e d fro m th e o u tsid e (1) ....‘fi’.... , th e Houses o f P a rlia m e n t lo o k im pressive. The

a rch ite ctu re gives th e place a tra d itio n a l lo o k, and th e b u ild in g s are sandw iched
I b e tw e e n a busy square and th e river, m a k in g th e m a ( 2 ) ........... b e tw e e n th e c o u n try

house o f an eccentric d u ke and a V lc to ria n ra ilw a y sta tio n . You have o n iy to learn th a t

th e m em bers ( 3 ) ........... to each o th e r as T h e H o n o u ra b le M e m b e r' to ( 4 ) ............. th e

p Icture o f a d ig n ifle d g e n tle m e n 's d u b , w ith o f course a fe w ladies to ( 5 ) ........... th e

; num bers. Sadly, o ve r th e past fe w years firs t radio, and n o w te le visio n , have show n
th e ( 6 ) ........... public, w h o are ( 7 ) ............. th e e le cto ra te , w h a t in fa c t ( 8 ) ............. w h e n
bills are discussed and questions are asked. The firs t o b v io u s fa c t is th a t th e ch a m b e r is

E v e ry rarely fu li, and th e re m ay be on Iy a h a n d fu l o f m em bers present, som e o f w h o m

are q u ite clearly asieep, te llin g jokes to th e ir n e ig hb o u r, o r s h o u tin g like b a d ly-b e h a ve d

sch o o lchild re n . There is n o t e n o u g h room fo r th e m all in th e c h a m b e r in any

i ( 9 ) ........... , w h ic h is a second w o rry in g p o in t. O f course, te le visio n does n o t fo llo w th e

f w o rk o f c o m m itte e s, w h ic h are th e smali discussion g ro u p s th a t d o m o s t o f th e real
w o rk o f th e House. B ut th e ( 1 0 ) ........... im pression th a t vo te rs receive o f th e w o rk in g s
o f g o v e rn m e n t is n o t a g o o d one. To p u t it ( 1 1 ) ........... , p a rlia m e n t looks disorganized,

is clearly b ehind th e ( 1 2 ) ........... and seems to be ( 1 3 ) ............. w ith bores and com edians.

This is p resum ably w h y m em bers ( 1 4 ) ........... fo r so lo n g th e e ffo rts o f television

;Companies to ( 1 5 ) ........... parliam entary matters on television.

1 A likewise B at least C nevertheless D as well

2 A mixture B combination C cross D match
3 A cali B refer C speak D submit
4 A finalize B end C conclude D complete
5 A take away B bring about C make up D set in
6 A average B ordinary C normal D generał
7 A after all B anyway C even D furthermore
8 A comes up B turns up C goes on D lets on
9 A point B way C matter D case
10 A total B broad C overall D comprehensive
11 A bluntly B shortly C directly D basically
12 A ages B times C moments D years
13 A fuli B filled C composed D comprised
14 A prevented B checked C defied D resisted
15 A circulate B beam C spread D broadcast

231
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

2 Complete the collocations in the text by writing a word from the box in each
space.

candidate votc retirement majority asylum

campaign poll manifesto election line

eil, it’s 9.30 at night, and by now almost everybody has cast their
W (1) ........................ Very soon all our ąuestions wili be answered. Were the

government right to hołd the (2) ..........................so soon after the so-called ‘dash for casK
scandal, in which certain applicants were apparently granted political (3) .........................

in exchange for financial favours? Will the opposition benefit from the dedsion of

ex-Prime Minister David Howe to come out of (4) ..........................and stand as a

(5) .......................... ? Will Mr Howes famous refusal to toe the party (6) ..........................

in matters of policy affect party unity? Will the vicious smear (7) ..........................which
the government have mounted against Mr Howe backfire on them? Weil, all will be
revealed pretty soon. Interestingly, an opinion (8) ..........................conducted yesterday by

‘Express Newspapers’ put the government just two per cent ahead, while another, in the

‘Daily Mirror’, indicated they would be re-elected with an increased ( 9 ) ............................

According to the latter poll, people felt that the oppositions election (10) .........................

was poor and contained nothing new.

m
3 Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

conventional diplomatic oppressed progressive rebellious

courteous notorious privileged radical respectable

1 If you are , you are tactful when dealing with people.

2 If you are ....................... , you have a good reputation in your community.
3 If you are ....................... , you are polite.
4 If you are ....................... , you have extreme or very strong views.
5 If you are ....................... , you are being ruled unjustly or cruelly.
6 If you are ....................... .. you behave just like everyone else, perhaps too much so.
7 If you are ....................... , you are against authority and hard to control.
8 If you are .......................... you have more advantages than other people.
9 If you are .......................... you have gained a bad reputation,
10 If you are ....................... .. you are in favour of new ideas.

232
 VOCABULARY 12 GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY

4 Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

survey bill council authorities power

mayor poll motion cabinet reign

1 Mr Bradly has been elected.... ...................of Greenswold for the third time.
2 The government has introduced a ........................outlining its plans for the coal
industry.
3 Hello, Tm conducting a ....................... about leisure habits.
4 According to the latest opinion....................... .. the National Party are well ahead of
their nearest rivals, the Co-operative Party.
5 Although there is an elected assembly, it is generally recognized that General
Domenico wields the re a l..........................
6 There is a locally elected........................which has responsibility for roads, Street
lighting, and other facilities.
7 The king enjoyed a lo n g ........................, and was eventually succeeded by his son,
George.
8 T h e ........................were slow to take control of the situation after the earthąuake.
9 The Leader of the Opposition proposed a ........................of no confidence in the
government.
10 The Prime Minister called a top-level meeting with the Finance Minister, the
Foreign Minister, and other members of th e ..........................

5 Replace the word(s) underlined with a word from the box.

abolished restricted reąuired illegal compulsory

permitted Yoluntary binding barred liccnscd

The proprietor is officially allowed to sell alcohol.

The sale of drugs is controUed by law in most countries...................
Education from the age of five is obligatory in Britain...................
Students have been banned from using local pubs sińce the incident............
The law prohibiting the sale of fruit in the Street has been done away with.

6 For both parties, the terms of this contract are to be obeyed...........

7 With the appHcation, a passport-sized photograph is necessary ....
8 Smoking is not allowed in the classroom...................
9 You don t have to stay after school to help; it s your own decision. .
10 Parking in this street is not allowed on weekdays at certain times.

233
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

6 Match the words from the box with the explanations.

ambassador president delegate patriot chairperson

ringleader sovereign terrorist traitor minister

1 This person may be the elected head of State.....

2 This person is responsible for a government department.............................
3 This person leads others to make trouble.............................
4 This person represents their country abroad.............................
5 This person loves their country............................
6 This person represents others at a meeting or conference.............................
7 This person betrays their country............................
8 This person may be the head of state by birth.............................
9 This person uses yiolence rather than the political system for pohtical ends.

10 This person is the head of a formal meeting.

7 Complete the spaces with a word which fits in all three sentences.
1 Channel 4 will, as ever, be the election as it happens.
The Prime Minister was accused o f ........................a disastrous economic policy.
Coverage of the sport is postponed....................... the sudden death of President
Gonzales.
2 It remains to be seen whether Signor R iv a....................... a controlling interest in
his business empire if he becomes Prime Minister.
As legał executor in this matter, Mr Tomlinson........................the right to claim
compensation costs.
And its gold! M uller....................... the title which he won in Sydney.
3 Yesterday s poll shows a significant........................of public opinion away from the
Democrats.
Workmen came to remove the faulty....................... from the park.
lVe only been here for two days, so I havent quite got back into th e .......................
of things yet.
4 T h e ........................to ban fox hunting was carried by a large majority.
And now we’ll see the goal again in slow ..........................
The constant swaying....................... of the ship made Jan feel sea sick.
5 You can rely on the Prime Minister to tak e........................of the situation.
There was a long queue of people waiting to go through passport..........................
The police were accused of heavy-handed crowd........................tactics.

234
13
YOCABULARY

Health and the body

1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
Keeping fit and staying heaithy have, not (1) , become a growth ( 2 ) ............Quite apart from

the amount of money spent each year on doctors’ prescriptions and private medical ( 3 ) ............
huge sums are now spent on health foods and remedies of various kinds, from vitamin pills to minerał

water, not to mention health clubs and keep-fit books and videos. We are more concerned than ever, it

seems, about the water we drink and the air we breathe. But accidents can still befail even the fittest

and most health-conscious of us. One of my friends, who is a keep-fit ( 4 ) ......... .. a non-smoker and

teetotalier, and who is very ( 5 ) ......... about what he eats, is at present languishing in bed with a wrist

in plaster and a badly ( 6 ) ......... ankle.

1 A strangely B unusually C evidently D surprisingly

2 A business B industry C trade D commerce
3 A attention B curing C treatment D therapy
4 A fanatic B activist C extremist D militant
5 A singular B particular C special D peculiar
6 A torn B scraped C grazed D sprained

2 Underline the most suitable option in each sentence.

1 After I drank a cup of black coffee I felt wide awake/awoken/woken.
2 These tablets may make you feel dazed/dozy/drowsy so dont drive.
3 I’ve been working for twelve hours and I feel exhausting/tiresome/worn out.
4 The doctor said I was all in/run down/stale and gave me some vitamins.
5 Bills father is impaired/immobile/invalid, and needs a wheelchair to get around.
6 After walking for miles over the mountains, my feet were limp/sore/sprained.
7 Ann needs a hoHday. She has been under a lot of depression/pain/stress lately.
8 The authorities are worried about the increase in drug abuse/disuse/misuse.
9 I told the doctor that climbing the stairs left me catching/gasping/panting for
breath.
10 Mary spent a week in bed with an attack/a case/an outbreak of rheumatism.

235
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

3 Complete the texts by writing a form of the word in CAPITALS in each space.

Text 1

B ottled w a te r is expensive, unreliable and has no heaith b enefits

- a t least, th a t's th e v ie w o f W a te r Board c h ie f BiiI Tyson. To

( 1 ) ......... w h a t g o o d value fo r m o n e y o rd in a ry tap HIGH

w a te r stili represents, Tyson is ru n n in g a cam paign p ro m o tin g g o o d

o ld -fa sh io n e d ta p w a te r and, by im p iic a tio n , c ritic izin g b o ttle d

w ater. He claims th a t th e re is little to ( 2 ) ...................................... DIFFER

b o ttle d w a te r fro m ta p w ater, sińce th e re are o fte n discrepancies

b e tw e e n th e actual m inerał ( 3 ) ......................................o f b o ttle d w a te r C O N TA IN

and w h a fs on th e label. F urth e rm o re , he claims som e b o ttle d w a te r

( 4 ) ......................................are blended fro m several sources and m ig h t PRODUCE

even co n ta in ta p w a te r. F urth e rm o re , th e health claims m ade fo r

b o ttle d w a te r are 'fa irly ( 5 ) ......................................', he added, 'and SCIENCE

have no e x p e rim e n ta l basis.'

Text 2
M y in te re st in a lte rn a tive m edicine began w h e n I learned

( 6 ) ............................te ch n iq u e s to help o ve rco m e stress. I w as a RE LAK

s tu d e n t in those days, and I w as im pressed by th e w a y these

te ch n iq u e s w o rk e d . M y d o c to r had g ive n me a ( 7 ) .................... PRESCRIBE

fo r tra n q u ilize rs, b u t I fo u n d these c o m p le te ly ( 8 ) ....................... EFFECT

N o w l'm a fu lly q u a lifie d a ite rn a tiv e ( 9 ) ............................, and I PRACTICE

w o rk on th e fu n d a m e n ta l p rin d p le th a t m o st ( 1 0 ) ....................... ILL

stem fro m a d isturbance o f e n e rg y in th e body.

236
 VOCABULARY 13 HEALTH AN D THE BODY

4 Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

chin feeel thumb shoulder throat elbow knee neck thigh wrist

1 My left boot is too tight and now IVe got a Mister on m y ..... .............
2 I cant talk today because I’ve got a really so re...................
3 Jean twisted h e r ...............skiing and now she cant walk.
4 My arm is in plaster and so I cant bend m y ..................
5 Ann cant use her right hand because shes sprained h e r ...................
6 I pulled a muscle in m y ..............when I was running, and now I cant walk.
7 Little Jimmys mother tried to stop him sucking h is ................
8 Tony injured h is ................. by always carrying a heavy bag on a strap.
9 Peter cut himself badly on the................... while shaving.
10 Pat put both arms round m y ................ and gave me a kiss.

Six people are talking about their medical experiences. Com plete each space
with a suitable word. The first letter o f each space is given.
1 David
When I was playing football, I broke my ankle and was carried off the pitch on
a . I was taken to c.................. .. where the doctor put a p........................
cast on my leg. For the next two months I needed c.................. to get around with.
2 Maria
I’m a hospital p.................... You’11 see me pushing trolleys or wheelchairs, or
carrying supplies from one department to another. Typically, I collect people
whoVe just come out of s.................. .. where theyVe had an o.................. , and take
them to their w.................. .. where they stay and recover.
3 Sue
I was s.................. on the hand by a wasp, which may sound no big deal, but Fm
a.................. to such things. The doctor gave me some cream and put my arm in a
s.................... She said I should keep the hand exposed to the air rather than put a
p.................. on it.
4 Kath
Fve never been fat, but recently I noticed I was getting a bit f.................. round the
waist, and I happened to read an article that said I was 10 kilos o.................. for
my height, age and build. I wish I was 16 again. I had a lovely f.................. at that
age. Now I really have to be selective about what I eat, although I don t believe in
d....................
5 Bob
lVe been having toothache and imagined Fd need to have a £ ................. at the
dentists. But when I went to get it checked out, she said the tooth would have to
be e.................... Weil, after it was all over and the effect of the i....................had worn
off, I was in a.................. for two days and had to have painkillers.

237
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

6 Match each sentence (1- 10) with an explanation (a-j).

1 I nodded. ...h.... a I moved my eyebrows together to show
disapproval.
2 I chuckled. b I laughed uncontrollably, in a silly way.
3 I grinned... c I looked with wide-open eyes at the same
place for several moments.
4 I shook my head. d I laughed ąuietly under my breath.
5 I scowled............ e I opened my mouth uncontrollably to sho-\\-
boredom or tiredness.
6 Igiggled. . f I gave a large smile.
7 I yawned. g I moved my head from side to side
meaning no’,
8 I frowned. h I made a threatening expression with my Mps.
9 I choked.., i I moved my head up and down meaning yes'.
10 I stared..... j I had trouble breathing because my throat
was blocked.

7 Replace the words underlined in each sentence with a word from the box.

crawling hobbling marching staggering tiptoeing

dashing limping rambling strolling wandering

1 I really enjoy walking for pleasure in the countryside.

2 After about six months babies start moving about on their hands and knees.

3 My sister was walking on the front part of her foot so as to make no noise along
the corridor...........................
4 The injured player began walking with one leg more easily than the other off the
pitch............................
5 The drunken man was moving unsteadily from one side of the Street to the other

6 Nowadays soldiers have motorized transport and do little moving on foot.

7 There is nothing more pleasant than walking in a leisurely manner along the sea
front............................
8 IVe been moying very rapidly backwards and forwards all day, and Fm exhausted.

9 When I visit a new town I like walking with no particular purpose around looking
at the sights............................
10 I wasnt used to so much walking, and ended up moying with difficulty home, with
blisters on both feet............................

238
 14
VOCABULARY

World issues
1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

O ver the past fifty years or so, the methods used fo r collecting money from the
public to (1) the developing w orld have changed o ut o f all recognition,
along w ith the gravity o f the problems ( 2 ) .......... , and the increasing awareness
am ong the population th a t something must be done. A t the beginning o f this
period, it would have been common to put money in a collecting box, perhaps
on the Street or at church. The 1960s saw the ( 3 ) .......... o f shops which sold
second-hand goods, donated by the public, and which aiso began to sell articles
manufactured in the developing w orld in charitable projects set up to guarantee
a fair income to local people. The next developm ent was probably the charity
‘event’, in which participants were ( 4 ) ...........to run, cycle, swim or w hat have
you, and collected money from friends and relatives ( 5 ) .......... how far or long
they managed to keep going. The first hint o f w h a t was to become the most
successful means o f ( 6 ) .......... money was the charity record, where the artists
donated their tim e and talent, and the ( 7 ) ...........from the sales w ent to a good
( 8 ) ............. This was perhaps a ( 9 ) ............ o f the fact tha t young people fe lt
increasingly concerned about the obvious differences between iife in Europę
and the United States, and tha t in most o f Africa, fo r example. A feeling o f
frustration was building up. W hy was so little being done? The huge success
o f Band Aid, and ( 1 0 ) .......... televised concerts, showed the power o f the
media, and o f musie in particular, to inspire and shock. It differed significantly
in style from other events. People phoned up in their thousands on the day and
pledged money by ( 1 1 ) .......... their credit card numbers. ( 1 2 ) ............ , if you
have enough money to buy an MP3 player, you can afford something fo r the
world's starving children.

1 A finance B aid Cpay D loan

2 A faced B covered C opposed D approached
e sea
3 A occurrence B entrance C happening D advent
4 A supported B funded C sponsored D promoted
Lusted.
5 A in as much as B according to C with reference to D as regards
6 A increasing B Ufting C boosting D raising
ooking 7 A produce B proceeds C receipts D returns
8 A agency B enterprise C cause D moYcment
ne, with 9 A consideration B reflection C view D display
10 A subseąuent B conseąuent C attendant D relevant
11 A mentioning B ąuoting C affirming D recalling
12 A Anyway B After all C Although D At any rate
239
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

2 Match the words from the box with the explanations.

ncgotiation organie recycling self-sufficiency

irrigation subsidy charity immunization

This is the settling o f a dispute through discussion.

This is the ability of a country or person to support themselves without outside
help..........................
This is a means of protecting people against some diseases..........................
This describes food that is grown without the use of chemical fertUizers.....................
This is the collection of raw materials so that they can be used again.....................
This is money given by a government to lower the prices of e.g. basie foods.

7 This is a system of distributing water to places which need it for agriculture.

8 This is an organization which collects money from the public and uses it to help
people in need..........................

3 Complete each text with a word formed from the word in CAPITALS.
1 The countrys energy is some 30% higher CONSUME
than a decade ago. At the same time we have seen an increase
in the use o f ................................energy sources such as wind RENEW
power and solar power.
2 An entire months average................................ hit Bilbao RAIN
yesterday, while across the border in France, its the opposite
problem. The recent lack of rain is likely to lead to
water................................ in some areas. SHORT
3 The oil spili was described as ‘a n ................................ disaster’. ECOLOGY
It is thought likely to affect................................ within a WILD
20-mile radius.
4 Numerous species fa ce................................if nothing is done EXTINCT
about the problem o f .................................. FOREST
5 Most of th ese................................ species will only be saved DANGER
as a result o f ................................by government agencies. INTERYENE
6 M any................................ products, such as cleaning liąuids HOUSE
and bleach, contain................................chemicals. HARM
7 Many people prefer to eat food which has not been
sprayed w ith ................................ PEST
although using such chemicals can increase
fo o d .................................. PRODUCE
8 Large cities can be affected b y ................................smog, POISON
formed from car exhaust fumes, and made worse
240 b y ................................conditions. CEIMATE
 VOCABULARY 14 WORLD ISSUES

4 Complete each sentence by adding a word or part of a word from the box to the
prefix given.

burdened estimated lying populated crowded

nourished privileged rated simplified joyed

1 Many countries with high birth rates are seriously .

2 Tm afraid I think President Lawsons contribution to reducing global famine has
been over..........................
3 When the United Nations relief supphes arrived, the people were
over..........................
4 The government has seriously under....................... the gravity of the situation in
drought-stricken areas.
5 Those who say that developing countries simply need more money have
over....................... the problem.
6 Most of the children in the camp were seriously under..........................
7 Most third world economies are already over....................... with foreign debt.
8 Those of us who live in prosperous countries should try and help the
under....................... peoples of the developing world.
9 The refugee camps are now seriously over....................... and more blankets and
food are needed.
10 Sending aid to countries may help in the short term, but the under.......................
causes of the problem must also be tackled.

5 Replace the word(s) underlined in each sentence with an adjective from the box.

impoverished illiterate essential urban densely

inadeąuate traditional sparsely rural wealthy

1 In many countries, there is a drift of population from country areas to the cities.
.... f;u.rnL.....
2 Education is desperately needed in many countries where a high percentage of the
population is unable to read and write......................
3 Remote villages usually lack basie services such as piped water and electricity.

4 Rich people often find it hard to understand how the poor become poor.

5 The mountain region of the country is thinly populated......................

6 Many poor nations can no longer afford to run schools and hospitals......................
7 Poor immigrants often end up living in shant)^ towns in dty areas......................
8 In heayily populated areas, unemployment may be a cause of poverty.....................
9 The diet o f most children in this area is poor......................
10 When villagers move to the city, they often lose touch with their established way of

.......................... 241
 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

6 Complete the texts by writing a form of the word in CAPITALS in each space.
Text 1

W ith (1) aid now pouring into the country, HUM AŃ

charitable agencies are still struggiing to cope in a country
where day to day life is a struggie fo r ( 2 ) ............................ In EXIS^
some areas agency workers have encountered ( 3 ) ...................... RESIST
to their efforts from governm ent forces. M eanwhile, in an
a ttem pt to ( 4 ) ..........................the economy, the Government STABLE
has ( 5 ) ..........................the currency fo r the third time this year. VALUE

Text2

The United Nations has not ruled o ut the possibiiity o f military

( 6 ) .........................., aithough it is still hopeful o f achieving a INTERYENE
settlement by ( 7 ) ..........................means. The Secretary General DIPLOMACY
roundly condemned the Presidenfs policy o f ethnic
(8 ) , and aiso criticized him fo r spending a CLEAN
(9 ) am ount o f his country's money on weapons. PROPORTION
This follows last week's 'rem inder' to the President tha t
(10 ) is now universally illegal, a fact he SLAVE
continues to ignore.

7 Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
1 Many smali houses and huts were flooded away/washed away when the river burst
its banks.
2 Poor farming methods are responsible for soil devaluation/erosion in many areas
of sub-Saharan Africa.
3 During the earthąuake, many people were buried/covered alive.
4 The forest fire left a wide area of the mountainside blackened and ablaze/
smouldering.
5 Yillagers are hoping for rain this month after nearly a year of dry weather/drought.
6 Before the hurricane struck, many people were evacuated/shifted to higher ground.
7 Thousands of children in the famine-stricken area are suffering from malnutrition/
undernourishment.
8 Heavy snow has fallen in the mountains and many villages have been blocked out/
cut ojf for the past two days.
9 The Aids epidemie/plague is having serious effects in some countries.
10 Many smali islands in the Indian Ocean are threatened by rising sea waters/levels.

242
15
yOCABULARY

Thinking and feeling

1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

interpreting the feelings o f other people is n ot always easy, as we all know, and
we (1) as much on w h a t they seem to be telling us, as on the
( 2 ) .......... words they say. Facial ( 3 ) ............ and tone o f voice are obvious
ways o f showing our ( 4 ) .......... to something, and it may well be th a t we
unconsdously ( 5 ) ...........views th a t we are tryin g to hide. The art o f being
tactful lies in ( 6 ) .......... these signals, realizing w hat the other person is
tryin g to say, and acting so th a t they are not embarrassed in any way. For
example, we may understand th a t they are ( 7 ) ...........reluctant to answer our
question, and so we stop pressing them. Body movements in generał may aiso
( 8 ) ...........feelings, and interviewers often ( 9 ) ............ particular attention to
the way a candidate fo r a job waiks into the room and sits dow n. However,
it is not d ifficult to present the right kind o f appearance, whiie w h a t many
employers w a n t to know reiates to the candidate's character ( 1 0 ) ...........,
and psychological stability. This raises the ( 1 1 ) ...........question o f w hether job
candidates should be asked to compiete psychological tests, and the further
problem o f w hether such tests actually produce ( 1 2 ) ...........resuits. For many
people, being asked to take part in such a test w ould be an objectionable
( 1 3 ) ...........into their private lives. Q uite ( 1 4 ) ............ from this problem, can
such tests predict w hether a person is likely to be a ( 1 5 ) .......... employee or a
valued colleague?

1 A estimate Brely C reckon D trust

2 A other Breal C identical D actual
3 A looks B expression C image D manner
4 A view B feeling C notion D reaction
5 A express B declare C exhibit D utter
6 A taking down B putting across C picking up D going over
7 A at least B above all C anyhow D in fact
8 A display B indicate C imply D infer
9 A have B show C make D pay
10 A quirks B mannerisms C traits D points
11 A awkward B risky C unpleasant D touchy
12 A faithful B regular C reliable D predictable
13 A invasion B intrusion C infringement D interference
14 A different B apart C away D except
15 A pedantic B particular C laborious D conscientious
243
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

2 Underline the most suitable option in each sentence.

1 As there is little hope of being rescued, I have abandoned/decided/resięned myself
to the worst.
2 Tom didnt believe us, and it took a long time to comince/establish/confirm him.
3 I define/regard/suppose this project as the most important in my career.
4 In my point of view/viewpoint/view, this plan will not work.
5 Are you aware/conscious/knowledgeable that £10,000 has gone missing?
6 I haven t the faintest sense/notion/opinion of what you are talking about.
7 Mr Smith has appointed his best friend as the new director! Its a elear case of
favouritism/prejudice/subjectivity.
8 Your new boyfriend recollects/remembers/reminds me of a cousin of mine.
9 Sue just cant stop thinking about football! She is biased/concerned/obsessed with
her local team!
10 I just cant understand the attitude/manner/mentality of people who are cruel to
animals.

3 Match each sentence opener (1 -10) with an expression with 'feel' (a-j).
1 So, looking back, would you say you enjoyed your stay in Britain?....
2 Phew! I cant keep up with you any more.............
3 Did the anaesthetic hurt?...........
4 If its any consolation,...........
5 Weil, just make yourself at home while youre waiting.............
6 Its going to rain.............
7 Shes a very sensitive girl.............
8 Now just relax and remember what I told you.............
9 You should be really pleased with your daughter, Mrs Owen.............
10 Im really sorry I had to take this decision.............

a Feel free to have some tea or coffee.

b Dawn clearly has a feel for languages.
c I can feel it in my bones.
d You’ll soon get the feel of it.
e I have mixed feelings about it.
f I hope you have no hard feelings about it.
g I don t want to hurt her feelings.
h No, I didnt feel a thing!
i I’m starting to feel my age.
j Iknow just how you feel.

244
 VOCABULARY 15 THINKING AND FEELING

4 Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

spot utter follow mislead appreciate

pttt imply express plead wonder

1 I dont know how t o ...... .................this, but Tm afraid the money has gone!
2 Could you say that again? I didnt ąu ite....................... you.
3 I would........................it if you could help me with this job.
4 I was so flabbergasted that I cou ld n t....................... a single word.
5 I simply said we had lost the order. I d id n t........................that it was your fault.
6 I was so overwhelmed that I just cou ldnt........................my feelings.
7 Whenever I ask you about damage to the car, you always....................... ignorance.
8 I ....................... that you can get up at 6.00 after what you did last night.
9 Most of the clues in a detective story are there t o ........................the reader.
10 Did y o u ......................... the deliberate mistake on page two?

5 Match each expression to do with thinking (1 -10) with a suitable ending (a-j).

1 Its just a thought, but maybe .. f

2 ril give it some thought................
3 Am I right in thinking................
4 He thinks very highly of y o u ..........
5 On second thoughts,...........
6 That s all I can think o f ................
7 Thats a thought!...........
8 I thought as m uch!...........
9 IVe thought long and hard about it
10 Sorry, I wasnt thinking straight.......

a ... so don t break his heart!

b ... and lVe decided not to accept.
c ... and get back to you tomorrow.
d IVe written my old address at the top!
e David has taken the car again without my permission!
f ... you could go by train.
g ... you used to live in Manchester?
h ... at the moment,
i ... perhaps I’d better do it after all.
j Yes, maybe I should do that.

245
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

6 Replace the words underlined in each sentence with a word from the box.

cherished dreaded mourned rcgrcttcd resented

deplored loathed offended reproached stressed

1 Peter was very sorry about leaving his old job.

2 The Prime Minister said he strongly disapproyed of the behaviour of the
demonstrators..........................
3 Lily felt bitter about the fact that everyone had been promoted except her.

4 David felt extremely worried about visiting the dentist.........................

5 Sally held very dear the memory of her childhood in the country.....
6 Neil grieyed for the death of his mother and father for many weeks.
7 I am sorry if I hurt the feelings of your sister........................
8 Brenda really felt a strong dishke for her new boss..........................
9 Our teacher laid emphasis on the importance of regular study..........
10 Jim strongly criticized me for not doing my fair share of the w ork....

Com plete th e spaces with a word which fits in all three spaces.
1 Lets go down to the river. It’s a really n ic e ....... ^1?.°?;....... for a pienie.
I’m afraid Tm going to be late. I’m having a ...... .łP.?!*:........ of bother with my car.
The evening in Blackpool was the only bright..... ..................in an otherwise
disappointing holiday.
2 Tm so tired I’m finding it difficult to keep m y ....................... on my work.
If you can cast you r....................... back to lesson two, you’11 remember we were
talking about body posturę.
My daughter is very ill, so I’ve got a lot on m y ....................... right now.
3 Perhaps I could talk to you later in private - it s a personal..........................
Its only a ....................... of time before the city falls to the rebels.
Dealing with problems like that is all just a ....................... of being firm.
4 Its very upsetting news, as she was a v ery ....................... friend.
Its rather....................... for me - haven’t you got anything cheaper?
As the boat lurched from side to side, we held on fo r ........................life.
5 Police suspect that the shopkeeper had a ........................in the robbery.
Come on, concentrate on the job i n ....................... and dont get distracted.
Do you think you could give me a ........................with the decorating?
6 After her boss shouted at her, Maria felt to o ....................... to stay in the job.
I had to stay at home because my stomach w as..........................
Jim ....................... the coffee pot, and the coffee made a mess of the white carpet.

246
16
YOCABULARY

Technology
1 Read the text and decide which option {A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
M ost people w ho have mobile phones say th a t having one is simply a m atter
of (1) ....P.... . As a techno-phobe w ho does not possess a mobile phone,
still less an oniine connection, I am always flabbergasted when I hear people
saying this. The ( 2 ) .......... reason I do not have a mobile phone is th a t I refuse
to be at someone else's beck and ( 3 ) .......... 24 hours a day. But apparently
there are plenty o f sane adults o ut there w ho actuaily w a n t to be in this
position. O f course a lot o f people say they oniy g o t a mobile on the ( 4 ) ...........
understanding th a t it was to be used fo r emergencies onIy. But sure enough
the insidious thing soon took over their lives, to the ( 5 ) .......... where it seems
they can barely live w ith o u t it. Giving a mobile phone to a child makes even less
sense. Parents lose their freedom and the children lose the ability to ( 6 ) ...........
fo r themselves.

1 A ease B handiness C utility D convenience

2 A sheer B perfect C very D utter
3 A ery B ring C need D call
4 A strict B absolute C severe D precise
5 A mark B point C spot D position
6 A support B keep C fend D sustain

2 Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

appliance component automation machinery gadget

contraption eąuipment experiment overhaul system

1 What a peculiar ! What on earth is that for?

2 A washing-machine is probably the most useful household................................
3 We will have to order a n ew ..............................to replace the damaged one.
4 The noise o f ..............................filled the factory and nearly deafened me.
5 My new Computer has a completely different operating.................................
6 Scientists in this laboratory are conducting an interesting................................
7 W h en ..............................is introduced, the number of workers will be reduced.
8 Do you like this new .............................. I bought for peeling potatoes?
9 Every six months the nuclear reactor needs a complete................................
10 My brother has a shop selling photographic..................................

247
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

3 Correct any errors in each line of the text. Some lines are correct.

When faced with some new and possibly bewildering tecnological 1

change, most people react, in one of two ways. They either recoil 2
from anything new, claiming that it is unnecessary or too complicated, 3 .....................
or that it somehow makes life less personal. Or they learn to adapt to 4 .....................
the new invention, and eventually wonder, how they could possibly 5 .....................
have existed without it. Take computers as an example, for many of 6 .....................
us, they still represent a threat to our freedom, and give us a 7 .....................
frigtening sense of a futurę in which all decisions will be taken by 8 .....................
machines. This may be because they seem misterious, and difficult 9 .....................
to understand. Ask most people, what you can use a home Computer 10 .....................
for, and you usually get vauge answers about how ‘they give you 11 .....................
Information. In fact, even those of us who are familiar with computers’, 12 .....................
and use them in our daylywork,have yerylittle idea of how they 13 .....................
actually work? But it does not take long to learn how to operate a 14 .....................
bussiness programme, even if things occasionally go wrong for no 15 .....................
apparant reason. Presumably much the same happened when the 16 .....................
telephone and the television became widespred. What seems to 17 .....................
alarm most people is the speed of technological change, rather than 18 .....................
change itself And the objections that are maid to new technology 19 .....................
may well have a point to them, sińce change is not always an 20 .....................
improvement. As we discoYer during power cuts there is a lot to be 21 .....................
said for the oil lamp, the cole fire, and forms of entertainment, such 22 .....................
as books or board games, that dont have to be plugged in to work. 23 ...........

4 Match each problem (1-10) with a solution (a-j).

1 The door sąueaks..... a It needs servicing.
2 The car battery is dead............. b It needs tightening.
3 The pencil is blunt............. c It needs reconnecting.
4 The screw is coming loose............. d The hinges need oiling.
5 My watch has stopped............. e It needs tuning.
6 The car seat is in the wrong position............. f It needs recharging.
7 The light bulb is flickering............. g It needs sharpening.
8 The dishwasher is making odd noises............. h It needs winding up.
9 This wire has come loose............. i It needs adjusting.
10 The piano sounds terrible!............ j It probably needs replacing.

248
 VOCABULARY 16 TECHNOLOGY

5 Complete the texts by writing a form of the word in CAPITALS in each space.
Text 1
( 1 ) ...... o f your new energy-efficient domestic gas IN STALL
boiler is free o f charge, and will be performed w ithin 5 days o f
payment. Regular ( 2 ) ................................... from a qualified engineer MAINTAIN
is advised. The system comes w ith an ( 3 ) ................................... ADJUST
cover, which can be kept fully extended or half dow n. The cover
must be completely removed fo r repairs to be carried out. As w ith
all ( 4 ) ................................... equipment, please exercise great care if ELECTRIC
you are attem pting to repair the ( 5 ) ................................... yourself. APPLY

Text 2
Attach the m otor to the ( 6 ) ................................... o utle t pipe. CYLINDER
Screw the m otor dow n into place. If the m otor does not
engage, remove it and ( 7 ) ................................... the outlet-pipe. All TIGHT
engineers installing or repairing this machinery must observe all
necessary ( 8 ) ................................... precautions. This includes the SAFE
wearing o f goggies, masks and other ( 9 ) ................................... PROTECT
equipment. For instructions on how to remove the outlet valve,
please refer to the ( 1 0 ) ................................... described on page 28 PROCEED
o f this manuał.

6 Underline the most suitable option in each sentence.

1 The hair-drier is fitted with a three point cable/plug/socket.
2 D ont touch that wire! It’s live/lively/living.
3 This smali vacuum cleaner runs/powers/works on batteries.
4 The set wouldn t work because there was a fault)^ connection/joint/link.
5 I cant use my drill here. The lead/plug/wire isnt long enough.
6 Turn off the mains first in case you get an impact/a jolt/a shock.
7 Oh dear the lights have gone off! The cable/fuse/safety must have gone.
8 Can you lend me that DVD? I want to record/transcribe/write it.
9 The appliance is powered by a smali electric engine/machine/motor.
10 Jim has just started work as an electrical/electricity/electrician engineer.
11 The electrician twisted the wires together using a pair of hammers/chisels/pliers.
12 I buy coffee beans and put them in a grinder/mixer/blender.
13 The good thing about this knife is that the blade/point/edge can be replaced.
14 I can t undo this nut. I need a larger bolt/screwdriver/spanner.
15 You can save electricity by using Iow energy light globes/bulbs/glasses.

249
 17
yOCABULARY

Quality and quantity

1 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best completes each
collocation orfixed phase.

he quality o f life these days is something most o f us take fo r

T (1) ....9:.... . It takes some radically different experience to ( 2 ) .......... this

fact home to people. In my ( 3 ) ..........., it was spending three weeks

aboard a yacht w ith twelve other people, com peting in a major saiiing race.
A ithough I was officially a guest, it was made elear from the start th a t there was
to be no room fo r passengers, and th a t l'd have to ( 4 ) ...........my weight.
For the first few nights, none us was able to sleep fo r more than a couple of
hours at a ( 5 ) .......... before being rudely awoken by an aggressive command.
Then w e'd do physically exhausting w ork in total darkness. Every fe w minutes
w e'd be completely soaked to the ( 6 ) ...........by a large wave we co uldn 't see
coming. I shared sleeping ( 7 ) ...........w ith six other wom en, w ith barely enougti
room to stretch my legs. Soon I found myself ( 8 ) ...........fo r my comfortable
sheets back home, a hot chocolate and a warm bath.
1 A given B accepted C granted D read
2 A bring B push C sweep D carry
3 A example B instance C case D experience
4 A offer B move C use D puli
5 A piece B time C period D moment
6 A flesh B skin C bones D toes
7 A quarters B premises C dormitories D digs
8 A desiring B yearning C dreaming D craving

2 Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
1 We advertised the house widely but only a handful/minority of people have sho-wn
any interest.
2 The surgeon told Sam that the operation had been only a minor/partial success.
3 The amount of parking space available here is no longer adeąuate/passable.
4 Sue has already written the bulk/mass of her third novel.
5 You have to use a magnifying glass to see some of the miniature/minute details.
6 I am glad to report that the company has made a large-scale/sizeable profit.
7 There has been ąuite a dearth/want of good biographies this year.
8 I suppose I have had afair/good amount of experience in making speeches.
9 We cant afford such a lavish party with the limited/narrow means available.
10 There is really a wide/vast difference between the two plans.
250
 VOCABULARY 17 QUALITY AND Q UANTITY

3 Complete each sentence with a verb from the box.

supplemented declined dwindled faded reduced

diminished enlarged cxtcnded spread contracted

1 The old railway line has been as far as the new airport.
2 In an effort to increase sales, prices will b e ........................for a short period.
3 Hope has n ow ....................... for the two climbers missing sińce last Friday.
4 H elen........................her smali salary by making shrewd share dealings.
5 The school playground has b een ....................... by the addition of the old garden.
6 Unfortunately the fire has n ow ....................... to neighbouring buildings.
7 The teams enthusiasm was not at a ll....................... by their early setbacks.
8 As a seaside resort, Mudford h a s....................... a lot sińce its heyday in the 1920s.
9 The company h a s........................in size, and now employs only 300 people.
10 The number of students attending the class........................ until only two remained.

4 Match each sentence (1-10) with a comment from the same speaker (a-j).

1 United are much better than C ity............

2 You threw the bali before I was ready............
3 These wines taste just the same to me.............
4 Why dont I pick you up at the house?...........
5 Why bother waiting here when weVe missed the last bus?
6 Congratulations on your promotion.............
7 The hotel we are staying in is a bit disappointing..........
8 Theres no food in this cupboard.............
9 Pauline has got a new Benson 500.............
10 Our product is without doubt the best on the market.

a Personally, I don t think much of it.

b It would be more convenient.
c It doesn t count.
d Theres no comparison.
e None whatsoever.
f I cant tell the difference.
g It has no equal.
h It doesnt come up to expectations.
i Its pointless.
j You deserve it.

251
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

5 Complete the text by writing a form of the word in CAPITALS in each space.

Ask any adult over forty to make a ( 1 ) ..................................between C O M P- -£

the past and the present and most will tell you that things have
been getting steadily worse fo r as long as they can remember.
Take the weather fo r example. Everyone remembers th a t in their
( 2 ) ................................... the summers were considerably hotter, YOUM
and th a t w inter always included ( 3 ) ................................... A B O L *C
falls of snow just when the school holidays had started.
O f course, the food in those days was far superior too, as nothing
was imported and everything was fresh. ( 4 ) ................................... EMPLCY
was negligible, the money in your pocket really was w orth
something, and you could afford a ( 5 ) ..................................house even S ZE
if your means were limited. And above all, people were somehow
nicer in those days, and spent their free tim e on Innocent
( 6 ) ................................... making model boats and tending their PURSwE
stamp ( 7 ) ................................... rather than gazing at the television COLLEC*
screen fo r hours on end. As we know, this image o f the past simply
cannot be true, and there are planty o f statistics dealing w ith health
and ( 8 ) .................................. which prove that it is not true. So, w hy PROSPE-
is it th a t we all have a ( 9 ) ................................... to idealize the past TENC
and to be so ( 1 0 ) ................................... o f the present? CRITICIZE

6 Replace the words underlined in each sentence with a phrase from the box.

are not alike completely different similar is not as good as we had hoped
calculated in relation to nothing cxactly the same as

1 There is no eguiyalent to this word in any other language.

2 I am afraid that your sales performance has fallen short of expectations.

3 These two cars are alike.

4 The problem can be divided into two distinct parts.

5 Although they are based on the same novel, the two films differ.

6 The salary given will be commensurate with experience.

252
 VOCABULARY 17 OUALITY AND QUANTITY

Complete each sentence with an adjective from the box.

abundant lavish excessive superior inferior

negligible major middling potential ample

1 The guests were impressed by th e ..... ..................scalę of the banąuet.

2 Water i s ........................in this part of the country, owing to the heavy rainfall.
Make a list o f ........................clients, and then send them our brochure.
Response to our sales campaign was only.......................... which was a little bit
disappointing.
The government was accused of m aking........................demands on the taxpayers.
There is no need to rush. We have....................... time before the meeting.
Since winning the pools, Helen and Joe have moved to a .......................
neighbourhood.
8 Theres no need to take the car to a garage. The damage i s ..........................
9 The signing of the peace treaty was an event o f ........................importance.
10 Just because you don t have your own desk in the office, you needn t feel

8 Replace the word(s) underlined in each sentence with a word from the box.

altogether considerably especially praet-ieally specifically

barely effectively moderately respectively thoroughly

1 United are yirtually certain of a place in the finał after this result.
2 Fm particularly proud of Jan’s contribution to the play...........................
3 Peter says he is utterly fed up with the government............................
4 Be careful! I can hardly w alk!..........................
5 After finishing the decorating I felt completely exhausted............................
6 Classes 3 and 4 scored 10 points and 15 points each in that order............................
7 I am fairly satisfied with the results so far............................
8 Since the revolution, the army has to all intents and purposes run the country.

9 We have been greatly heartened by the news from the surgeon in charge.

10 I told you clearly and definitely not to write your answers in pencil, Smith!

253
 18
yOCABULARY

Education
1 Complete each space in the text with a word formed from the word in CAPITALS.

Last year I resigned my post as a Head of Department at a large comprehensive

school. After 23 years of teaching, I had simply had enough of a job which is becoming

increasingly (1) . As a Departmental Head, PROBLEM

I saw at close hand the effect of the government’s increased

(2 ). . in educational matters; the job is now INVOLVE

: ten times more ( 3 ) ........................... than it was when I BUREAU

started out. Not content with loading teachers down with

paperworl<, the government has aiso imposed standard national

tests on pupils as young as six, a fact which has left many teachers

(4 ) .................. with their profession. But that side of ENCHANT

things is by no means all. There is aIso the growing

(5)., . ........ ... of the pupils, including the girls. AGGRESSIVE

There are the freguent little acts of ( 6 ) ........ .................. RUDE

which teachers have become almost ( 7 ) .......................... to stop, POWER

now that the right to discipline pupils has been all but taken

from them. There is the restlessness and sheer ( 8 ) .......................... BORING

of children brought up on a diet of Computer games and violent

videos. Some people dismiss any link between Computer games

and a ( 9 ) ..... .....................in attention span, but few of them are REDUCE

teachers. When I started out, I used to enjoy teaching history,

my chosen discipline, to ( 1 0 ) ..................... ,.... pupils; now I do so RESPECT

every Tuesday evening, teaching local history to pensioners.

254
 VOCABULARY 18 EDUCAUON

2 Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation,
1 In my country we have to do nine basie/core subjects and then we can choose
several others.
2 At this school we put a strong emphasis on academic/scholarly achievement.
3 In my country bodily/corporal punishment was abolished 40 years ago.
4 In my class we had a helper/support teacher who assisted pupils with learning
difficulties.
5 On Friday afternoons we had lessons with the trainee/apprentice teacher.
6 In my country we have some end of year tests but most of our marks come from
progressive/continuous assessment.
7 At 16 we have the choice of doing more vocation/employment oriented courses,
such as Business Studies and Accounting.
8 When I was 1 5 ,1 had a 2-week woxkposition/placement with a local factory.
9 There were a number of teenage/child mothers in my class.
10 I was expelled from school ior playing/going truant too many times.

3 Read the text and decide which option (A, B, C or D) best completes each
collocation or fixed phase.

report on the notorious Fiveways School, visited recently by government

A (1) , was published yesterday. T h e report (2) ............ inadeąuate

strategie planning, poor (3) ............o f teaching, and semi-derelict building

conditions as being largely to blame for the problems at Fiveways, the school

branded ‘the worst in Europę’. O ur reporters entered the school by (4) ............

arrangement, and witnessed at (5) ............ hand the chaos that has heaped infamy

on the school. O n the day o f their visit, our reporters learned that one disruptive

pupil had been given a 3-week ( 6 ) ............ for punching a teacher in the face. O ur

reporters saw pupils virtually (7) ............ riot, throwing stones at passers-by and

yerbally (8) ............ a teacher.

1 A authorities B inspectors C controllers D examiners

2 A highlights B illuminates C features D activates
3 A measures B patterns C standards D specifications
4 A former B earlier C preceding D prior
5 A original B first C immediate D direct
6 A expulsion B caution C suspension D ban
7 A running B going C making D taking
8 A harming B abusing C damaging D oppressing

255
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

4 Five people are speaking about their learning experiences. Com plete each space
with a suitable word. The first letter o f each space is given.

1 Emma
IVe just finished university, although Tli have to go back for my ......
ceremony in October. So now Tm the proud possessor of a d................................łn
Modern Languages. At last I can get down to earning some money and paying
back my 1................................ from the government. My friend is luckier than me in
this respect - shes off to the States. She has a s ................................ to study at Yale
University.
2 Jack
I was known as a rather naughty, mischievous pupil, and I often used to get
s................................ out of the lesson or put in d..................................after school.
Little did the school know, however, that Dad was actually paying me to have extra
Maths lessons at home with a private t.................................. And it paid off, for in
my Maths exam, I surprised everyone by getting the top m................................in the
class.
3 Sarah
I left school without any q.................................. and with no real job
p.................................. But then I started doing e................................. classes at the local
f................................education college. And now I’m a mechanic, and delighted with
my job!
4 Tom
My problem was exams. I was never any good at them. Classwork fine, exams
no go. For my A levels I r................................ solidly for three months, but despite
all this preparation, I got disappointing g................................ : D for Physics, E for
Chemistry, and E for Biology. The school suggested that I r................................the
exams, but to be honest, I didn t fancy all that studying all over again. But I did win
a p................................ at Sports Day, for the Senior Boys Long Jump.
5 Mary
When I was 2 8 ,1 decided I wanted to go back into education, as I was getting more
and more interested in English literature. One option was to become a
m................................ student at a university, but I couldn t afford this full-time
commitment. So in the end I signed up for a c................................course, or
‘distance learning’, as it s called. I sent my essays and a................................ to a tutor
by post and also communicated with her by email. I had to study English literature
from 1300 to the present day, but I chose to s................................ in the twentieth-
century novel.

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 VOCABULARY 18 EDUCATION

5 Complete the extracts from two school reports by writing a word from the box
in each space.

half-hearted respect maturę distracted concentrate

contributes applies effort insolent participated

O
Report 1
^ Tracey has made a big ( 1 ) ...... .................this term, showing herself to be very
^ ( 2 ) ....................... for her age. She ( 3 ) .........................herself wali and ( 4 ) ...................
O fully to class discussions. She shows a lot of ( 5 )....................... towards her teachers.
O

O
Report 2
O
On one occasion Derek was sent home for being ( 6 )....................... to a teacher. In terms
O of effort, his work can sometimes be rather ( 7 ) ..........................He is easily
3 ( 8 ) ....................... and finds it hard to ( 9 ) ......................... in class. AIso he has not
Q (1 0 )....................... in group work as well as he should.

Complete the spaces with one word which fits in all three sentences.
1 When we had finished acting, the teacher gave us all a ..... ..................out of ten.
Elka has only been in the office for three months, but already she has really made
h e r ........................
The teacher told Jeremy off for making a ...... .................on Emmas notebook.
2 We’re pleased with Anns work - she...................... herself very well to the task in hand.
The comment I have just made to Sm ith ....................... eąually to all of you.
I really hope my sister........................for that new job; she’d be so good at it.
3 IVe yirtually....................... any ambition I ever had of becoming a teacher.
I ....................... out of college after one term and went travelling around the world
instead.
On police advice, Mr Bortello h a s....................... the charges he brought against his
neighbours.
4 Mr Ross, our old history teacher....................... his classes with a rod of iron!
The ju dge........................that Newton had acted in self-defence, and instructed the
jury to find him not guilty’.
Police have n o t........................out the possibility of murder in this case.
5 The entire workforce at Holman Avionics downed tools today, i n ........................of
two sacked colleagues.
If you need help, put your hand up and I or Mrs Kent, th e ....................... teacher,
will come to you.
ril come along to your speech, if you like, and give you some m orał....................... ..

257
 19
VOCABULARY

Word formation
Word formation has been practised throughout the vocabulary section. This unit girę?
further practice in greater detail.

1 Complete each sentence with a word beginning over- or -under- formed from
the word in brackets.
1 The (lie) causes of the problem are widely known.
2 What a terrible film. Its really....................... (rate) in my view.
3 The first time I tried out my new bike I ........................(balance) and fell off.
4 Dont forget to give the door a/an....................... (coat) as well as a coat of gloss
paint.
5 The b a th ....................... (flow) and the water dripped through into the living room.
6 It is not as easy as all that. I think you a re ........................(simplify) the problem.
7 I apologize for the delay in sending your order but we a re ....................... (staff) at
present.
8 You can cross the road by going down these steps and through the
....................... (pass).
9 The garden has been neglected and w as....................... (grow) with weeds.
10 You should have turned the meat off before. I t s ....................... (do) now.

2 Complete the word in each sentence with either -able or -ibie. Malce any
necessary spelling changes.

1 Brenda’s new book is really remark.??.^.*;?.................

2 I dont find your new colleague very like..........................
3 The pie looked very good, but it wasn t very easily digest..........................
4 That was a really contempt........................way of getting the boss on your side!
5 I think that anything is prefer....................... to having to tell so many lies.
6 The advantage of these chairs is that they are collapse..........................
7 I do hope that you find your room comfort.........................
8 Why dont you go to the police? Its the sense....................... thing to do.
9 John takes good care of the children and is very response..........................
10 I find your aunt a very disagree........................ person I’m afraid.

258
 VOCABULARY 19 W ORD FORftAATiON

3 Complete the word in each sentence by adding a suitable prefix.

I didnt pay the bill and now the electricity has been ....ff^s.connected.
There is a law against dropping litter, but it is rarely...........forced.
The government has decided not t o ...........introduce military service.
I thought the effects in the film were rather...........done.
The rumours about the minister s death were completely...........founded.
Anyone with a ...........ability may ąualify for a special pension.
I a m ...........debted to you for all the help you have given me.
8 When a currency i s ...........valued, it is worth less internationally.
9 I found the instructions you gave us very...........leading.
10 John rents the house and I ...........let a room from him.

4 Replace the words underlined in each sentence with one word ending in -ly and
beginning with the letter given.

1 The country imports over two million tons of rice every year. .....
CL 2 Harrys work has improved a great deal. c........................
3 By chance, I’m driving there myself tomorrow. C.......................
4 r il be with you straight away. d.......................
5 The two sisters were dressed in exactly the same way. i........................
6 I’m afraid that CaroFs writing is guite illegible. a........................
7 Tim only understands in a hazy manner what is going on. v.......................
8 I think that this plan is downright ridiculous! t.......................
9 Diana iust wants to know the truth. m ........................
10 The passengers only iust escaped with their lives. b.........................

5 Complete the word in each sentence with either in- or un-.

1 Why are you s o ..... ki^.sensitive to other peoples problems?
2 The garden is divided into tw o ...........equal parts.
3 I think you w ere...........justified in punishing both boys.
4 I am afraid that the world is fuli o f ...........justice.
5 This ticket i s ...........valid. You haven’t stamped it in the machinę.
6 Thank you for your help. It w as...........valuable.
7 Quite honestly I find that argument...........tenable.
8 The government’s ...........action can only be explained as sheer neglect.
9 The amount of food aid the country has received is ąu ite...........sufficient.
10 Her remarks were so rude they were frankly............printable.

259
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

6 Complete the word in each sentence by adding a word from the box.

pour dust flake mare quake

hand fire shift sick goer

1 We used cushions and blankets as a make.... .................bed.

2 I woke up screaming after having a terrible night..........................
3 The house was severely damaged by an earth..........................
4 We got soaked to the skin in a sudden down..........................
5 Don t forget to tell everyone about the meeting before.........................
6 The average theatre........................will find this play incomprehensible.
7 After six months abroad, Angela was beginning to feel home..........................
8 The floor of the workshop was covered in saw....................... and shavings of wood.
9 The children made a poster based on the shape of a snow.........................
10 The United Nations tried to arrange a cease.........................but without success.

7 Complete the compound word in each sentence.

1 One of the draw..... ..................of thjg ^ar is its high petrol consumption.
2 From the hotel there is a breath....................... view across the canyon.
3 Peters gambling ability gave him a nice little wind....................... of £300.
4 We always lock the Computer in this cupboard, just as a safe..........................
5 If I were you, I’d spend a bit more and buy the hard....................... version of the
book.
6 Michaels playboy life....................... was the envy of all his friends.
7 That building has been ear....................... for redevelopment by the council.
8 We cannot take off because the run....................... is rather icy.
9 From my stand....................... , this would not be a very profitable venture.
10 There is wide........................ dissatisfaction with the governments policies.

260
 VOCABULARY 19 W ORD FORMATION

8 C om plete th e word in each sen ten ce with a suitable suffix.

1 I object strongly to the com m erdali^t^?.!^.........of sport.

2 Skateboarding is no longer very fashion.........................in this country.
3 D ont touch that glass vase! Its absolutely price.........................!
4 We decided to go to watch some tradition........................ dances in the next village.
5 Helens uncle turned out to be a really remark.........................person.
6 We have not yet received confirm........................ of your telephone booking.
7 Driying on these mountain roads in winter is a bit hazard...........................
8 I just couldnt put up with his relent........................ nagging.
9 The doctor will be available for a consult........................ on Thursday morning.
10 None of this work has been done properly. Dorft you think you have been rather
neglect.........................?

9 C om plete th e te x t by writing a form of th e word in CAPITALS in each space.

ROMFORDCOLLEGEALUMNICLUB
Hello all Romfordians!
W elcom e to an oth er edition of the club newsietter.

A list of ( 1 ) ........................................ events for the autum n is being COME

prepared. It will be displayed on the club's
( 2 ) ............................................Sadly our intended celebrity guest, the NOTICE
acto r G eorge Wells, has had to ( 3 ) .........................................from DRAW
the sum m er fair. However, w e are pleased to announce th at we

have lined up a ( 4 ) ....................... .................in the shape of Bethan PLACE

Rogers, the folk-singer.

M eanwhile, w e are looking for (5 ) .........................................to help YOLUNTARY
run both th e cloakroom and the (6 ) .........................................stall. FRESH
if you are interested please let me know as soon as possible.

The cost of ( 7 ) .........................................to the fair for non-m em bers A D M IT

has been agreed at £ 5 .0 0 , but free, of course, for m embers.

As you know, Professor Byatt, w ho has been associated with

the club for 1 5 years, is retiring a t the end of term . In

( 8 ) .........................................of his support and enthusiasm, w e are RECOGNIZE
planning to hołd a little ( 9 ) ........................................ for him. PRESENT
Mrs Byatt has suggested we buy him a gold w atch. Please send

any ( 1 0 ) .........................................you would like to make to me CONTRIBUTE

by Friday 3 0 th .

261
 20
VOCABULARY

Multipie meaning

Multiple meaning has been practised throughout the vocabulary section. This unit
gives further practice in greater detail.

1 Replace the words underlined in each sentence with a verb from the box.

withdrew damaged stopped opened startcd moving

produced extracted dragged told off succeeded

The lorry pulled away very slowly because of its heavy load.
I think I must have pulled a muscle...........................
The man pulled out a gun and aimed it at the bank clerk...........................
It was still dark when I pulled back the curtains...........................
Surprisingly, when the dentist pulled out my tooth, I didn t feel a thing.

I think its amazing that Jack pulled it off - I never thought he’d do it.
The United Nations pulled out their troops from the Capital.................
8 Mike was pulled up by his boss for making a joke about the Chairman.

9 They pulled the heavy sandbag along as it was too heavy to carry..........................
10 A police car pulled up outside the Burtons’ house...........................

Decide whether run in each sentence is correct or not. If it is correct, write a ticic.
If not, correct it.

1 r il run your message to John and see what he thinks. !'?:(?.

2 Would you like me to run you to the bus station?...................
3 I cant stand all the chlorine in the pool - it makes my eyes run.....................
4 Your home address isnt run correctly in our records.....................
5 They sometimes run an extra train if they know its going to be busy....................
6 It is thought that the total cost will run 50% higher than the estimate.....................
7 Weil Tm extremely busy, but, at a run, I might be able to do it for you.....................
8 The run of the matter is, weVe decided to get married in August....................
9 My contract still has six months to run.....................
10 Karen hasnt decided yet if she wants to run for the Presidency again this year.

262
 VOCABULARY 20 N\ULTIPLE NIEANING

3 Which word completes each set of collocations or fixed phrases?

1 an instrum ent.... ...................
a ...... .................of experts
a control..... ..................
a w ooden.... ...................
2 a ........................ballot
a ....................... agent
keep it a .......................
meet i n .......................
th e ....................... of success
3 tak e....................... of the situation
it s out o f ........................
th e ....................... exchange
th e ....................... market
4 a ....................... sheet
a ....................... zone
only........................will tell
lo n g ....................... no see
for th e ........................being
5 a ........................minder
....................... abuse
....................... care facilities
a ........................prodigy
behaving like a .......................

4 Decide whether o d d in each sentence is correct or not. If it is correct, write a tick.

If not, correct it.
1 There are some very odd characters living in this Street..................
2 Come on Jack, one odd glass of beer before you leave!................
3 It s odd to think that this time yesterday we were on the other side of the world.

4 I think this software is odd with my Com puter...................

5 I’m getting odd feet about this - its all a bit dangerous..................
6 Look I cant wear odd socks - everyone will laugh at me..................
7 The match was mediocre - apart from the odd flash of genius from Lupeto.

8 Put your odd finger over the hole as you blow.................

9 Look, I’d like to lend you the money, but you re putting me in an odd position.

10 The ąuestion master tells you three things, and you have to say which is the odd
one out..................

263
ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

5 Underline the two words which collocate best with the words around the space.

1 Please........................this receipt, as it means we can identify your photographs

more ąuickly. ( maintain/retain/keep)
2 OK, if you can ju s t....................... still while I take the photograph. {stay/stop/stand
3 The fin ał....................... will be shown here on Channel 3 at 8.30 on Tuesday. {part
programme/series)
4 The doctor said I had a ....................... skin condition. {mild/weak/slight)
5 Her work gives a sense o f ....................... to her life. {aim/purpose/directioń)
6 He even had th e ........................to ask me to do his photocopies for him. (cheek/
brain/nerve)
7 Thanks to that wretched mosquito, my ankle........................to twice its normal siz^
{swelled/grew/rose)
8 I couldn t stand any more, so I left early, but John stayed to th e ........................end.
(far/very/bitter)
9 Todays not a good day for a meeting. I’m rather....................... for time. (tight/
pushed/pressed)
10 Come on Elly, concentrate on the game; its y o u r..........................{turn/go/take)

6 Replace the underlined words in each sentence with one word which fits In ali
three sentences.
1 It would reguire a lot of strength to lift that boulder.
I find his views on foreigners very hard to accept.
I hope the burglars didnt steal anything valuable.
2 Sue has not really been challenged at school this term.
The pullover expanded when I washed it.
I reached out my arm as far as it would go.
3 I intend to leave as early as possible.
I nominate Sally Field for the post of Chairperson.
I suggest setting up another meeting for next Thursday.
4 I hope youVe got enough room to work at that desk.
Theres a large storage area under the stairs.
There’s a place here for you Emma, if you want to sit down.
5 Erica thought for a while and then dropped the ring over the bridge.
From that point on, their relationship was never ąuite the same.
At the last minutę, they decided to puli out of the competition.

264