COMP 119 INTRODUCTION TO

PROFESSION MIDTERM EXAM

(DUE BY 30.11.2022) QUESTION
• WRITE AN ESSAY (2-3 PAGES) AND DISCUSS
THE EMERGING TRENDS AND FIELDS OF
COMPUTER AND SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
Add citations inside parentheses in the text of an essay and add them in an alphabetical
references list at the end of a document using “APA” citation format so that you avoid
plagiarism (a form of cheating).

The preparation of this final exam consists of my own work and I did
not get help from another person.
Name: FİRMİN PUNGU LOLİMBİ
Number 22144747 Signature

As the world of computing changes

constantly, so do the technologies .For those interested in the
latest computing advancements, computer science is a highly
coveted and lucrative career path for tech_savvy individuals.
Applied to the fields of technology, economics, social, and
professional communications, it is regarded as a form of support
for human knowledge and communications
The first computers date from 1949. By 1945, John von
Neumann and his collaborators invented the concept of recorded
programs, which transformed calculating machines into
computers. While most computers were originally developed to
perform calculations that could not be performed by hand due to
their length or complexity, similar machines were also developed
to process non-numerical information (as early as 1943, the
Colossus of the British cryptanalysis team could recognize
characters in a text). Nowadays IT is essential in all fields and
sectors.
Top Computer Science Trends
Artificial Intelligence | Edge
Computing | Robotics | Cybersecurity | Bioinformatics
 • Artificial İntelligence(İA)
Artificial intelligence (AI) centers on machine coding that
mimics human and animal intelligence. AI professionals develop
algorithms and program machines to perform humanlike tasks.
Already ubiquitous, AI helps detect credit card fraud, identify
disease outbreaks, and optimize satellite navigation.
Artificial intelligence manifests itself in many forms. Here are
some examples :
Chatbots use AI to understand customer issues faster and respond
more effectively.
Smart assistants use AI to analyze critical information from large
free-text datasets to improve planning.
Recommendation engines can automatically suggest TV shows
based on viewer habits.
Woody Allen said: “Artificial intelligence is defined as the
opposite of human stupidity”. This sentence, half full of irony,
actually hides an undeniable observation: that of exponential
progress in this area.
The fear that machines will surpass humans is, with artificial
intelligence, a very real fear. Even if these new technologies are
fascinating, they are not without risk.
• Edge Computing
As opposed to cloud computing, where data is processed and
stored in large data centers far from the end user, edge computing
puts computer data closer to the user. Cloud computing won't
completely disappear; instead, it will work in tandem with edge
computing to bring processing closer to users, streamlining
everything from manufacturing to self-driving cars.
In addition to autonomous cars, video conferencing, and
augmented reality, edge computing also benefits many other
technologies. For example, when an autonomous car makes a
split-second decision to brake and avoid a collision, an on-board
computer system — edge computing — eliminates the delay of
waiting for a server in the cloud to respond.
<Computers are not a game, the poorer a child is, the more we
owe it to him to teach him to use it with respect, because the
society he will contribute to creating a computer will be a tool
for his self-affirmation and his openness to knowledge of men
and the universe. The computer will make him master of his
passions, will make him a free man and will fix in his heart the
love of justice of which he will become the craftsman> as he
said on Joseph Wresirinsky
•. Robotics
As a multidisciplinary field that integrates computer science,
electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering, robotics
studies and develops robots in order to make life easier. Artificial
intelligence, machine learning, and other computer science
technologies are used in robotics.
The goal of robotics is to increase efficiency and safety in
industries such as manufacturing, farming, and food preparation.
Robotics technologies are used to manufacture cars, perform
dangerous tasks such as bomb diffusion, and carry out complex
surgeries.
What is a bot?
To be considered a robot, a machine must be equipped with
sensors, which analyze the environment, but also with a logical
processing system and actuators.
From the information obtained within its environment, the latest
generation robot can act autonomously and intelligently based on
embedded learning models.
The Three Fundamental Laws of Robotics:
1. A robot may not harm a human being or, remaining passive,
allow a human being to be exposed to danger.
2. A robot must obey orders given to it by a human unless such
orders conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its existence as long as that protection
does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
Jean Marie Gaurio said ”The robot mustn't be too smart,
otherwise it won't give a shit."
• • Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity encompasses all the means that ensure the
protection and integrity of data, sensitive or not, within a digital
infrastructure. It is a specialty within the information systems
professions. The notion of cybersecurity comes into play on a
recurring basis thanks to the digital transformation of companies,
which are generalizing the use of IT tools and communication
via the Internet. Cybersecurity ensures data management in
optimal and secure conditions. It allows the protection of
information systems and data that circulate against those who are
called cybercriminals.
• Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics, or bioinformatics, is a multidisciplinary
biotechnology research field in which biologists, doctors,
computer scientists, mathematicians, physicists and
bioinformaticians work together, with the aim of solving a
scientific problem posed by biology. More generally,
bioinformatics is the application of statistics and computer
science to biological science. The specialist who works halfway
between these
A multidisciplinary subfield combining computer science and
biology, bioinformatics looks for patterns in sequences of genetic
material such as DNA, genes, RNA, and proteins. Bioinformatics
workers develop the methods and software applications that
perform these tasks.
The medical and pharmaceutical, industrial,
environmental/governmental, and information technology fields
benefit significantly from bioinformatics computing
technologies. Bioinformatics helps preventive and precision
medicine physicians detect disease earlier to provide effective
targeted treatment.
Discover the 10 most professions in the IT sector in the world as
well as the essential information to know about them (missions,
training, remuneration).
1. Full-stack developer
The position of “full stack” developer (which literally translates
to “whole package” developer) is distinguished by its very
versatile side. A true architect of the web, his mission is to
manage multiple and varied IT requests.
Website design, development, programming: so many tasks that
can be assigned to him, and this, in different fields. Most often
working simultaneously on various missions, he must
demonstrate organization and adaptation.
2. Video game developer
The video game sector has become more professional in recent
years and provides many job offers, especially in IT. The video
game developer, also called “programmer” plays an important
role.
Its main missions consist of creating the game engine and
programming the interfaces in line with the specifications
defined by the project manager. Clearly, it is about bringing the
game to life through code.
3. React developer (front end)
The front-end developer participates in the development of
applications. It acts at the level of ergonomics, the integration of
models, development tests and the necessary technical
corrections.
Its main mission is to improve the user experience by acting on
the interface and the content of the application. As its name
suggests, the React Developer (front end) must master the
ReactJs environment (open source javascript library).
4. Data scientists
It is one of the professions recently created by the rise of Big
Data. The Data Scientist is above all an expert analyst in
statistics and mathematics. Its main mission is to manage and
analyze raw data in real time.
He must be able to interpret this data in order to give it meaning
and therefore strategic value for the company. An expertise still
little known which makes this profile particularly attractive to
recruiters.
5. Artificial Intelligence Engineer
Halfway between computer scientist and researcher, the artificial
intelligence engineer designs complex computer programs,
capable of thinking and performing tasks like a human being.
Faced with a given problem, the artificial intelligence it deploys
must be able to process information and respond to specific
actions in an innovative way.
6. Cyber Security Engineer
Integrated into the technical management of the company, the
cyber-security engineer plays an important role in the fight
against computer threats.
It guarantees the security of information systems by defining the
rules set by the various regulations. To do this, he positions
himself as a real project manager, in charge of the multiple
operational and strategic aspects.
7. DevOps Engineer
Coming from the contraction of “development” and
“operations”, DevOps is above all an agile concept and corporate
culture that aims to rethink the way of designing software.
The role of the DevOps engineer is therefore to manage the
software development process set up by being aware of the
challenges of deployment on different environments. The goal is
to reduce development cycles by automating a number of tests
and tasks.
8. IT Architect
As the name suggests, the IT architect designs or adapts the
structure of operating systems.
In charge of one or more development teams, he must be able to
analyze the existing situation to formulate recommendations
adapted to the needs of the company in terms of method,
equipment or data.
mobile developer
Last IT job in our Top 10 and not the least: the mobile developer.
With both technical and artistic skills, he participates in the
design of mobile applications by intervening at each stage of
development.
To do this, it must take into account the constraints related to the
mobile tool and user behavior.
9. AR/VR Developer
Using creativity, these developers design, test and develop either
virtual reality or augmented reality software and applications.
10. Blockchain Developer
The International Data Corporation states that blockchain
solutions will go above $15 billion by 2024. With NFTs and
metaverse coming into the picture, companies would demand
advanced developers in the field of blockchain.
 In conclusion, computers are indispensable in our
daily lives. One of the main advantages of the computer is that it
will not only perform calculations, but also with precision.
Digital data protection is understood as data security. Task
Completer – Completes tasks that might be impossible for
humans to perform e.g. in medicine Medical imaging This is
arguably one of the most beneficial advances in computing for
medicine. Ultrasound, scanner, MRI are all computer revolutions
that have saved thousands of lives around the world.