Introduction to Computing

Using Java

First Java Program

 The First Java Program

Type all carefully and save it to a

class Welcome { file named Welcome.java
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program

Java program source files (.java)

class Welcome { contain definition of classes

/* The Welcome Program

-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program

Curly braces pair enclose a block

class Welcome { of code, class Welcome here
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
} Don’t miss me!
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program

Curly braces pair enclose a block

class Welcome { of code, method main( ) here
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
} Don’t miss me!
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program

This is a block of comments, for

class Welcome { human, not for computer
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/ It explains to you what happens
public static void main (String [ ] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program

/* and */ pair encloses a comment block

class Welcome {

/* The Welcome Program

-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/ Don’t miss me!
public static void main (String [ ] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program

This is a method of the class

class Welcome { Welcome, named main( )
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program
There MUST be a pair of
parentheses following ALL
class Welcome {
method names
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
} Don’t miss me!
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program

Let's leave these first.

class Welcome {

/* The Welcome Program

-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program

Standard properties of the

class Welcome { main( ) method
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program

A statement (instruction) to display

class Welcome { a message
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program

After every statement, there must

class Welcome { be a semi-colon!
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!") ;
}
}
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 The First Java Program
How to ask the computer to act
according to the instructions in
class Welcome { this program?
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
The First Java Program

 Change to the directory containing the file

Welcome.java

 Type
javac Welcome.java
It generates a new file Welcome.class

 Type (without .class)

java Welcome

 What’s the result?

1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK

The First Java Program

Welcome

main Java Virtual Machine

Welcome to Java!
Message sender

1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK

 What has happened?

Java Program [Welcome.java]

Compile Java Compiler

[javac]

Java Byte Code [Welcome.class] Translate native code

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) [java]

It locates the class method main() from the class
Welcome and starts execution from there
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
Big Program For Simple Task?

 Yes, it just displays a little message.

 When writing business letters, we conform to

grammar and format.

 Likewise for programming!

 For more complicated tasks, such overheads are

relatively trivial.
1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK
 Software Life Cycle

Computer programming is not just writing

programs after learning a language.
requirements program
conception
specification design design
analysis
70% of the software
cost is related to coding
software maintenance
in the operation phase.
Well-designed and actual
constructed software is
easier to maintain. operation debugging testing program

1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK

End Note

Readings and References

– Chapter 1

1b 1st Java Prog Intro to Computing using Java, CS&E, CUHK