Mathematics

First Quarter

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

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ACTIVITY 1: Set Me to Your Standard

Directions/Instructions: Identify which of the following equations are quadratic and which
are NOT. If the equation is quadratic write FACT, if NOT, write BLUFF.

ANSWER
1. 3𝑚 + 8 = 15
2. 𝑥2 − 5𝑥 + 10 = 0
3. 12 − 4𝑥 = 0
4. 2𝑡2 − 7𝑡 = 12
5. 6 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑥2 = 0
6. 25 − 𝑟2 = 4𝑟 − 5𝑟2 + 10
7. 3𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = −7
8. 2ℎ(ℎ − 6) = 2ℎ + 3
9. (𝑥 + 2)2 = 0
10. (𝑤 − 8)(𝑤 + 5) = 14 + 𝑤2

Rubrics for Scoring

(1-5) → 2 points each (10 points)
(6-10) → 3 points each (15 points)
1 point each for incorrect answer

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ACTIVITY 2: Work on this!

Directions/ Instructions:
Identify the quadratic term, linear term and constant of each quadratic equation.

Quadratic Linear term Constant

term

1. 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0

2. 5𝑥2 − 2𝑥 − 9 = 0

3. 2𝑠2 − 4𝑠 − 2 = 0

4. 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥 = −2

5. 𝑥2 − 𝑥 = 3

6. 2𝑥2 − 5𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 − 1

7. 𝑥(2𝑥 + 3) − 5 = 6𝑥

8. (2𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 + 3) = 3

9. (𝑥 + 1)2 = 1

10. 3𝑥(2𝑥 + 1) = 3𝑥 − 12

Rubrics for Scoring

(1-5) 1 point each correct answer
(6-10) 2 points each correct answer and 1 point each for incorrect answer
ACTIVITY 3: Find My abc and Set Me to Your Standard!
Directions/ Instructions: Identify the values of a, b and c of each quadratic equation in the form
𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.

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 For numbers 1-5 A B c

1. 2𝑥2 − 𝑥 = 0

2. 4𝑥2 + 5 = 0

3. 𝑥2 − 5 = 2𝑥

4. 3𝑥2 − 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑥

5. 5𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 4 = 4

For numbers 6-10 Standard Form a b c

𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
6. 2𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 4

7. 1 − 3𝑥2 = 2(𝑥 − 1)

8. (𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 + 3) = 5𝑥2

9. (5𝑥 − 1)2 = 3

10. (𝑥 − 1)2 − 𝑥(2𝑥 − 5) = 0

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 MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Name of Learner: Grade Level:
Section: Date:

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Solving Quadratic Equations

Background Information for Learners

A. Solving Quadratic Equations By Extracting The Square Roots

Quadratic equations can be written in the form 𝑥2 = 𝑘, where k is a real number.

The method of solving the quadratic equation in the form, 𝑥2 = 𝑘 is called extracting
the square roots.

Note: Quadratic equations are equations with degree 2, therefore there are 2 roots
or solutions.
Example 1. Find the solution of the equation 𝑥2 − 16 = 0 by extracting the square roots.
𝑥2 − 16 = 0
𝑥2 − 16 + 16 = 16 (Addition Property of Equality)
𝑥 = 16
2

√𝑥2 = √16 (Extract the square root on both sides of the equation)
𝑥 = ±√16 (Since 16 is greater than 0, then the first property can be applied)
𝑥 = ±4
Answer: The equation 𝑥2 − 16 = 0 has roots/solutions: x= 4 and x= -4.

Example 2: Find the solutions of the equation (𝑥 − 4)2 − 25 = 0

(𝑥 − 4)2 − 25 = 0
(𝑥 − 4)2 − 25 + 25 = 25 (Addition Property of Equality)
(𝑥 − 4)2 = 25 (Write the equation in the form 𝑥2 = 𝑘)
𝟐
√ 𝑥 − 4 = ±√25
𝑥 − 4 = ±5
𝑥 = 5+4 𝑥 = −5 + 4
𝑥=9 𝑥 = −1
Answer: The equation has solutions: 𝒙 = 𝟗 and 𝒙 = −𝟏.
Example 3: Solve for the roots of (𝑥 − 1)2 = 36
(𝑥 − 1)2 = 36
√(𝑥 − 1)2 = √36 (Extract the square root on both sides of the equation)
𝑥 − 1 = ±6

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 𝑥 = 1+6 𝑥 = 1−6
𝒙=𝟕 𝒙 = −𝟓
Answer: The equation has solutions: 𝒙 = 𝟕 and 𝒙 = −𝟓.

Example 4: Find the roots of 𝑥2 = 8

𝑥2 = 8 → √𝑥2 = ±√8 (Extract the square root on both sides of the equation)
𝑥 = ±√4 ∙ 2 (Since 8 is not a perfect square number, get the factors
of 8 which is a perfect square number) Factors of 8: 8∙ 1, 4 ∙ 2, where 4 is a perfect
square number.
𝑥 = ±2√2
Answer: The equation has solutions/roots: 𝒙 = 𝟐√𝟐 and 𝒙 = −𝟐√𝟐.

B. Solving Quadratic Equation by Factoring

Some quadratic equations can be solved easily by factoring. To solve quadratic

equations, the following procedures can be followed:
1. Transform the quadratic equation into standard form if necessary,
2. Factor the quadratic expressions,
3. Apply the zero property by setting each factor of the quadratic expression equal to 0.
4. Solve each resulting equation.

Example 1: Common Monomial Factoring

Find the solutions of 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 = 0 by factoring.
𝑥2 + 9𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥(𝑥 + 9) = 0 (Factor out the common monomial factor x)
𝑥=0 𝑥 + 9 = 0 (Equate each factor to 0)
𝒙=𝟎 𝒙 = −𝟗

Example 2: Factoring Quadratic Trinomial

a) where 𝒂 = 𝟏
i. Find the roots of 𝑥2 − 5𝑥 − 24 = 0 by factoring.
Factors of 24 are: 4∙ 6, 3∙ 8, 12∙ 2, 1∙ 24
Since the sign of the last term is negative, this requires you to get the factors whose
difference is 5 (middle term). Therefore, from the given factors above, 3∙ 8 has difference
of 5.
𝑥2 − 5𝑥 − 24 = 0
(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 3) = 0 (Write the equation in factored form)
𝑥−8=0 𝑥 + 3 = 0 (Equate each factor to 0 and apply Addition Property of Equality)
𝑥−8+8=0+8 𝑥+3−3=0−3
𝒙=𝟖 𝒙 = −𝟑

Note: The sign of the larger factor copies the sign of the middle term.

ii. Find the roots of 𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 24 = 0 by factoring.

Factors of 24: 1∙ 24, 2∙ 12, 3∙ 8, 4∙ 6

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 Since the sign of the last term is positive, this requires you to get the factors
whose sum is 10 (middle term). Therefore, from the given factors above, 4∙ 6 has
sum of 10.
𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 24 = 0
(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 6) = 0 (Write the equation in factored form)
𝑥+4=0 𝑥 + 6 = 0 (Equate each factor to 0 and apply Addition Property of Equality)
𝒙 = −𝟒 𝒙 = −𝟔

b) where a≠1
Set in the standard form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
i. Solve for the roots of 2x2 + 3x − 2 = 0.
Factor the first and 3rd terms. Write them in to adjacent parentheses then get the
product of the extremes and means.
(2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
Product of the Extremes 2𝑥 ∙ 2 = 4𝑥
Product of the Means (𝑥)(−1) = −𝑥
Since the sign of the last term is negative, get the DIFFERENCE of their
products.

4𝑥 − 𝑥 = +3𝑥 (Middle term)

Equate each factor into zero and solve for x.
2𝑥 1
(2𝑥 − 1) = 0 → =
2 2
𝟏
𝒙=
𝟐
𝑥+2= 0
𝑥 + 2 − 2 = −2
𝒙 = −𝟐

ii. Find the solutions of 6𝑥2 − 17𝑥 + 12 = 0 by factoring.

If the last term is positive, then get the SUM of their products.
(3𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 − 3) = 0
Product of Extremes 3𝑥 ∙ −3 = −9𝑥
Product of Means 2𝑥 ∙ −4 = −17𝑥 (Middle Term)

Equate each factor into zero and solve for x

(3𝑥 − 4) = 0 2𝑥 − 3 = 0

3𝑥 − 4 + 4 = 0+4 2𝑥 − 3 + 3 = 0 + 3
3𝑥 4 2𝑥 3
= =
3 3 2 2

𝟒 𝟑
𝒙= 𝒙=
𝟑 𝟐

C. Solving Quadratic Equation by Completing the Square

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 This lesson will help you recall your knowledge on the square of a binomial which will
give you a perfect square trinomial.
Review: (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2
Examples: 1. (𝑥 + 1)2 = 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 1
2. (𝑎 − 3)2 = 𝑎2 − 6𝑎 + 9
Suppose in 𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + , how do you determine the last term (c)?
Steps: a) get one-half of the coefficient of x
1
−4 ∙ = −2, and
2
b) square is (−2)2 = 4, then write on the blank.
Answer: 𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 4 →perfect square trinomial
These steps will facilitate you in solving quadratic equations by completing the square
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0. Extracting the square roots and factoring are both useful in completing the
2

square.

Examples:
Solve for the roots of quadratic equation by COMPLETING THE SQUARE
1. 𝑥2 − 6𝑥 − 7 = 0 when 𝑎 = 1
Steps: a) add 7 to both sides of the equation and simplify
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 − 7 + 7 = 0 + 7
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 = 7
b) get one-half of the numerical coefficient of -6x, square it and add the result
to both sides of the equation.
1
−6 ∙ = (−3)2 = 9
2
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 7 + 9
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 16
c) express the left side of the equation as a square of a binomial
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 3)
= (𝑥 − 3)2
d) write the result at the left side of the equation
(𝑥 − 3)2 = 16
e) extract the square root on both sides of the equation
(𝑥 − 3)2 = 16
2
√(𝑥 − 3) = √16
𝑥 − 3 = ±4
f) solve the resulting linear equation
𝑥−3= 4 𝑥 − 3 = −4
𝑥−3+3=4+3 𝑥 − 3 + 3 = −4 + 3
𝑥= 7 𝑥 = −1
Checking:
Substitute the value of x to the equation 𝑥2 − 6𝑥 − 7 = 0
If 𝑥 = 7 If 𝑥 = −1
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 − 7 = 0 𝑥2 − 6𝑥 − 7 = 0
(7)2 − 6(7) − 7 = 0 (−1)2 − 6(−1) − 12 = 0
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 49 − 42 − 7 = 0 4 + 8 − 12 = 0
49 − 49 = 0 12 − 12 = 0
0 = 0 TRUE 0 = 0 TRUE
2. Find the roots of 2𝑥2 − 5𝑥 − 3 = 0 by completing the square.
when 𝑎 > 1
a) add 3 on both sides of the equation
2𝑥2 − 5𝑥 − 3 + 3 = 0 + 3
2𝑥2 − 5𝑥 = 3
b) divide by 2 on both sides of the equation (coefficient of 𝑥2)
2𝑥2−5𝑥 3
=2
2
5 3
𝑥2 − 2 𝑥 = 2
5
c) get one-half of the coefficient of − 𝑥, square it and add the result to both
2
sides of the equation
5 1 −5 −5 2
− ∙ = → ( ) = 25
2 2 4 4 16
2 5 25 3 25 3 25 24 + 25 49
𝑥 − 𝑥+ = + → + = =
2 16 2 16 2 16 16 16
5 25 49
𝑥2 − 2 𝑥 + 16 = 16
5
d) express 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 25 as a square of a trinomial
2 16
5 49
(𝑥 − 4)2 = 16
e) then, solve by extracting the square root
5 7
𝑥− =±
4 4
f) solve the resulting linear equations
5 7 5 7
𝑥− = 𝑥− =−
4 4 4 4
5 5 7 5 5 5 7 5
𝑥− + = + 𝑥− + =− +
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
12 2
𝑥= 𝑥 = − 𝑜𝑟
4 4
𝟏
𝒙=𝟑 𝒙=−
𝟐

D. Solving Quadratic Equation Using the Quadratic Formula

To solve quadratic equation, 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 using the quadratic formula, determine

the values of a, b, and c, then substitute these in the equation
−𝑏±√𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= (Quadratic Formula)
2𝑎

Simplify the result if necessary.

Note: If the given quadratic function is factorable, use factoring. However, if the quadratic
equation is not factorable, it is suggested to use the Quadratic Formula.

Examples: Solve for the roots of the quadratic equations using the Quadratic Formula

1. 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥 = 27 or 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 27 = 0, where 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = −27

9
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 −𝑏±√𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐
Use: 𝑥= 2𝑎
− 3 ±√(3)2−4(2)(27)
( )
then substitute 𝑥 =
2(2)
−3±√9+216
𝑥=
4
−3±√225
𝑥=
4
−3±15
𝑥=
4
−3+15 12
𝑥= = =𝟑
4 4
−3−15 −18 −𝟗
𝑥= = =
4 4 𝟐

2. 3𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 5 = 0, 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −1, 𝑐 = −5
−𝑏±√𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−(−1)±√(−1)2−4(3)−5
𝑥=
2(3)
1±√1+12
𝑥=
6
Note: √13 has no perfect square root
𝟏±√𝟏𝟑
𝑥=
𝟔
𝟏+√𝟏𝟑 𝟏−√𝟏𝟑
or 𝑥 = and 𝑥 =
𝟔 𝟔

3. 3𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0, 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −4, 𝑐 = 4
−(−1)±√(−1)2−4(3)(4)
𝑥=
2(3)
1±√1−48
𝑥=
6
1±√−47
𝑥= imaginary roots
6

Learning Competency with Code:

Solves quadratic equations by a) extracting the square roots, b) factoring, c)completing
the square, d) using the Quadratic Formula (M9AL-Ia-b-1)

Directions: Read, study carefully and understand the following activities. Answer with
hones

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ACTIVITY 1: Find my Solutions!
Directions: Solve the following quadratic equations by extracting the square roots.
1. 𝑥2 = 16 6. 𝑥2= 50

2. 𝑟2 − 100 = 0 7. 𝑡2 − 12 = 0

3. 𝑠2 = 64 8. 𝑐2 − 32 = 0

4. 𝑟2 = 18 9. (𝑘 + 7)2 = 81

5. 𝑥2 − 144 = 0 10. (𝑥 − 4)2 = 169

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ACTIVITY 2: Work on this!
Directions/Instructions: Find the solutions of quadratic equations. Use factoring.

A. 𝑎 = 1
1. 𝑥2 + 7𝑥 = 0

2. 𝑥2 − 5𝑥 = 0

3. 𝑡2 + 8𝑡 + 16 = 0

4. ℎ2 + 3ℎ = 30

5. 𝑥2 − 20 = 8𝑥

B. 𝑎 ≠ 1

6. 2𝑥2 − 7𝑥 + 5 = 0

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 7. 3𝑥2 + 17𝑥 − 6 = 0

8. 10𝑥2 + 31𝑥 + 15 = 0

9. 4𝑥2 − 12𝑥 + 9 = 0

10. 3𝑥2 − 5𝑥 = 0

ACTIVITY 3: Make Me Perfect!

Directions: Determine a number that must be added to make each a perfect square trinomial.
Show your solutions.

1. 𝑥2 − 6𝑥 +
2. 𝑡2 − 24𝑡 +
3. 𝑎2 − 30𝑎 +
4. 𝑥2 − 12𝑥 +
5. 𝑥2 + 10𝑥 +

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 6. 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 +
7. 𝑥2 + 14𝑥 +
8. 𝑚2 − 20𝑚 +
9. 𝑟2 − 5𝑟 +
10. 𝑏2 + 18𝑏 +

ACTIVITY 4: Am I A Solution? Complete Me!

Directions: Solve for the roots/ solutions of the following quadratic equations by completing
the square. Show your solutions.

1. 𝑥2 − 2𝑥 − 15 = 0

2. 𝑥2 − 7𝑥 + 12 = 0

3. 3𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 2 = 0

4. 4𝑥2 − 5𝑥 − 6 = 0

5. 2𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0

ACTIVITY 5: Does Your Formula Work?

Directions: Find the solutions of each quadratic equation using Quadratic Formula

1. 𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0

2. 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 12 = 0

3. 𝑥2 − 2𝑥 = 15
4. 𝑥2 + 20 = 12𝑥

5. 𝑥2 − 9𝑥 + 14 = 0

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 6. 6𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0

7. 3𝑥2 − 4𝑥 = 0

8. 5𝑥2 − 12 = 0

9. 2𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0

10. 2𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 9 = 0

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 MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Name of Learner: Grade Level:
Section: Date:

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Nature of the Roots of Quadratic Equations Using the Discriminant

Background Information for Learners

A. Determining the Discriminant of a Quadratic Equation
In the previous activities, you have learned the different ways on how to solve quadratic
equations. This lesson will teach you on how to determine the discriminant of a quadratic
equation.
The discriminant of a quadratic equation is the radicand in the quadratic formula which
is b – 4ac . Express all equations to ax2 + bx + c = 0 if necessary. To determine the discriminant
2

of a quadratic equation, take the following steps in the given equations below.
Examples:
Determine the discriminant of the following equations:
1. x2 - 8x + 16 = 0
The given quadratic equation is in the general form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Then, we have a = 1, b = -8 and c = 16. Substitute the values of a, b, and c in the
expression b2 - 4ac.
b2 - 4ac = (-8)2 - 4(1)(16)
= 64 - 64
= 0
So, the value of the discriminant = 0
00
2. 2x2 + 5x – 5 = 0 0
The given quadratic equation is in the general form ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a = 2, b = 5 and c = -5. Substitute the values of a, b, and c in the expression
b2 - 4ac (discriminant).
b2 - 4ac = (5)2 - 4(2)(-5)
= 25 – 4(-10)

16
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 = 25 + 40
= 65
So, the value of the discriminant = 65 and this is greater than 0.

3. x2 + 9 = 0
In the equation, the values of a,b,c are 1, 0, and 9 respectively. Since b= 0, therefore
the equation is an incomplete. Use these values to evaluate b 2 - 4ac.
b2 - 4ac = 02 – 4( 1) (9)
= 0 – 36
= -36
So, the value of the b2 - 4ac is a negative number and this is less than 0

4. -5x – 12 = -2x2
This is a quadratic equation that is not written in standard form. So, transform the
equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 . The resulting equation is 2x2 .- 5x -12 = 0.
The value of a, b, c are 2, -5 and -12, respectively. Substitute these values to evaluate
b2 - 4ac.
b2 - 4ac = -52 – 4(2) (-12)
= 25 + 96
= 121
So, the value of the discriminant = 121 and this is greater than 0.

B. Determining The Nature of the Roots of A Quadratic Equation

In the previous activities you have learned how to find the discriminant of a quadratic
equation. This lesson will teach you on how to determine the nature of the roots of a quadratic
equation.
Recall that the roots of a quadratic equation in standard form, ax2 + bx + c = 0, can be
−𝑏±√𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐
found using the quadratic formula: 𝑥 = where the radicand b2 – 4ac is called the
2𝑎
discriminant of the quadratic equation. This aids us in determining the nature of the roots of
quadratic equation
The following are to be considered in determining the nature of the roots of quadratic
equation:
If : Then the roots are:
b – 4ac = 0
2
two equal real roots
b – 4ac > 0
2
two unequal real roots
b – 4ac < 0
2
two unequal imaginary roots

Examples: Determine the nature of the roots of the following equations using the discriminant:
1. 5x2 - 10x +5 = 0
This equation is written in standard form. To determine the nature of its roots,
evaluate b2 – 4ac ,
b2 – 4ac = -102 – 4(5)(5)
= 100 – 100

17
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 =0
Since the value of b2 – 4ac is zero, we can say that there are two equal real roots
2. x2 - 4x = 0
Substitute the values of a,b,c to evaluate b2 – 4ac.
b2 – 4ac = -42 – 4(1) (0)
= 16 – 0
= 16
The obtained value of b2 – 4ac is 16 and this number is greater than 0 , therefore
there are two unequal real roots.

3. x2 = - 2x – 5
Since the equation is not written in standard form. Transform it first into the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0 . Then, substitute the values of a,b, and c in the expression b2 – 4ac .
x2 = - 2x – 5 To transform this equation, equate it into zero (0)
2
x + 2x + 5 = 0 Substitute the values of a. b, and c in the expression
b2 – 4ac
b2 – 4ac = 22 – 4( 1) ( 5)
= 4 – 20
= -16
The obtained value of the discriminant (b2 – 4ac) is less than 0, the quadratic
equation x2 = - 2x – 5 has no real roots or the roots are two unequal and imaginary roots.

Learning Competency with Code:

Characterizes the roots of a quadratic equation using the discriminant (M9AL-Ic-1)

Directions: Read, study carefully and understand the following activities. Answer with
honesty.

Activity 1: Look then Fill Me Up

Directions: Consider the given equations and fill in the table below. (1 point each for the correct
answers in standard form and value of discriminant. Highest Possible score: 2 x 10 items = 20
points)
Quadratic Equation Quadratic Equation Value of
in Standard Form b2 – 4ac
(ax2 + bx + c = 0 ) (discriminant)
1. x2 + 3x + 12 = 0
2. x2 - 6x +9 = 0
3. 2x2 - 5x -3 = 0
4. 2x2 + 3x -2 = 0
5. x2 - 8x +16 = 0
6.3x2 = -2x -5
7. 3x2 - 12 = 7x
18
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 8. 2x2 – 6x = -12
9. 3x2 = -2x - 5
10. 5x2 = 5

Activity 2. Discriminant Ko Nature Mo?

Directions: Determine the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations by solving
its discriminant. Then put a check mark (✓) on the appropriate column.
(1 point each for the correct value of the discriminant and nature of the roots .
Highest Possible Score : 2 x 10 = 20 points)
Nature of the Roots
2
Quadratic Equations ax + bx + c = 0 Value of two two two
b2 – 4ac equal unequal unequal
(discriminant) real roots real roots and
imaginary
roots
Examples:
x2 - 8x + 16 = 0 x2 - 8x + 16 = 0 0 ✓
2
2x = -5x +3 2
2x +5x -3 = 0 49 ✓
x2 - x = -2 x2 - x + 2 = 0 -7 ✓
2
1. x = - 3x - 12
2. x2 + 7x + 6 = 0

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3. x2 + 6x - 10 = 0
4. +9 = -x2 + 6x
5. 2x2 = -7- 5x
6. 2x2 = -5x +3
7. 2x2 + 3x = 2
8 - 8x +16 = . - x2
9. 6x2 +6 = + 10x
10. +5 = . 5x2 - 10x

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 MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Name of Learner: Grade Level:
Section: Date:

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Describing the Relationship Between the Coefficient and the Roots of
Quadratic Equation

Background Information for Learners

You already have a knowledge on the roots of quadratic equation using different
methods. This knowledge will help you understand the sum and product of the roots of
quadratic equations.

A. Finding the Sum and Product of the Roots of Quadratic Equations

Example: Solve for the roots
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 12 = 0
by factoring Let
(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 3) 𝑥1and 𝑥2are roots
4, -3 → roots
𝑥1 = 4, 𝑥2 = −3
Sum of the roots
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 4 + (−3) = 1
Product of the roots
𝑥1 ∙ 𝑥2 = (4)(−3) = −12

Note: Long method is applied but in the next examples, short and easy method will work.

Note: All quadratic equations should be in the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐=0

Consider these in getting the sum and product of the roots quadratic equation
𝑏
Sum of the Roots = − or simply, get the additive inverse of 𝑏
𝑎 𝑎
Product of the roots= 𝑐
𝑎

Examples:
1. 2𝑥(3𝑥 − 5) − 2 = 3
6𝑥2 − 10𝑥 − 2 − 3 = 3 − 3 (Addition Property of Equality)
6𝑥2 − 10𝑥 − 5 = 0
𝑎 = 6, 𝑏 = −10, 𝑐 = −5

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 Sum of the roots
𝑏 −10
− = −( ) = 10 = 𝟓
𝑎 6 6 𝟑
Product of the roots
𝑐 −5 𝟓
= =−
𝑎 6 𝟔

2. 3𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = −2
1
Sum of the roots (use Additive Inverse of b)= −
3
2
Product of roots = −
3

B. Determining the Quadratic Equation Given the Roots

To determine the quadratic equation given the roots, get their sum and product.
Examples:
1) [-2, 5] → sum of the roots → −2 + 5 = 𝟑
→ product of the roots → (−2)(5) = −𝟏𝟎
Substitute:
𝑥2 − 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑥 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 0
𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + (−10) = 0
𝑥2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0 → Quadratic Equation

−3+20 3 −𝟏𝟕
2) [− 3 , 4] → sum of the roots → − + 4 = 5 =
5 5 𝟓
3 −𝟏𝟐
→ product of the roots → ( ) (4) = 𝟓
5
Substitute:
𝑥2 − 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑥 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 0
2 −17 −12
𝑥 − ( )𝑥+ ( ) = 0
5 5
2 17 12
5 (𝑥 + ( ) 𝑥 − ( ) = 0) → Multiply the entire equation by 5
5 5
5𝑥2 + 17𝑥 − 12 = 0 → Quadratic Equation
Remember this:
𝑥2 − 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑥 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 0

3)[−2, ±3√2 ] → sum of the roots → −2 + 3√2

(+) −2 − 3√2

−𝟒
→ product of the roots → (−2 + 3√2)( −2 − 3√2) Use FOIL
= 4 + 6√2 − 6√2 − 9(2)
= 4 − 18
= −𝟏𝟒
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 Substitute:
𝑥2 − 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑥 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 0
𝑥2 − (−4)𝑥 + (−14) = 0
𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 14) = 0 → Quadratic Equation

Learning Competency with Code:

Describes the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic equation
(M9AL-Ic-2)

Directions: Read, study carefully and understand the following activities. Answer with
honesty.

Activity 1: Identify Me!

Directions: Given the quadratic equation, identify the values of a, b, and c.

Quadratic Equation a b c
1. 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 − 16 = 0
2. 4𝑥2 − 5𝑥 = 0
3. 2𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 7 = 0
4. 3𝑥2 − 15𝑥 + 5 = 0
5. 2𝑥2 = 3 − 𝑥

Activity 2: This is My Sum and this is My Product. Who am I?

Directions: Use the values of a, b, and c in the determining the sum and product of the roots of
quadratic equations.
Sum Product
1. 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 − 16 = 0
2. 4𝑥2 − 5𝑥 = 0
3. 2𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 7 = 0
4. 3𝑥2 − 15𝑥 + 5 = 0
5. 2𝑥2 = 3 − 𝑥
6. 5𝑥2 − 5 = 3𝑥2 − 2𝑥
7. 2𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 5 = 0
8. 3𝑥2 − 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 3
9. (𝑥 + 5)2 = 0
10. (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 5

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Activity 3: Here are the roots. Where is the trunk?
Directions: Write the quadratic equations in the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 given the following
roots. Show complete solutions.

Sum of the Roots Product of the Roots Quadratic Equation

1. [-5, 6]
2. [12, -3]
3. [0, -15]
4. [15, -3]
1
5. [2, − ]
3 2
6. [ ]
− , −1
5
1 3
7. [ , − ]
2 4
8. [±3√2]
9. [±√3]
10. [−1, ±4√5]

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Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times.