Section 2: Equations and Inequalities

Section 2 – Topic 1
Equations: True or False?

Consider the statement 4 + 5 = 2 + 7. This is a mathematically

correct sentence.

Is the sentence true or false?

True

Consider the statement 1 + 3 = 8 + 6. This statement is also a

mathematically correct sentence.

Is the sentence true or false?

False

The previous statements are examples of number sentences.

Ø A number sentence is a statement of equality

numerical
between two __________________ expressions.

Ø A number sentence is said to be true if both numerical

equal
expressions are ___________________.

Ø If both numerical expressions don’t equal the same

false
number, we say the number sentence is ____________.

Ø True and false statements are called truth values.

Let’s Practice!

1. Determine whether the following number sentences are

true or false. Justify your answer.

a. 13 + 4 = 7 + 11

False. 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟕 and 𝟕 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖.

1 3
b. + = 1.4 − 0.275
2 4

𝟏 𝟓 𝟗 𝟏
True. + = = 𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 and 𝟏. 𝟒 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟐 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖

Try It!

2. Determine whether the following number sentences are

true or false. Justify your answer.

a. 83 ⋅ 401 ⋅ 638 = 401 ⋅ (638 ⋅ 83)

True. Associative property and commutative property

show that these are equivalent.

b. (6 + 4)2 = 62 + 42

False. 𝟔 + 𝟒 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 and

𝟔𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟓𝟐
A number sentence is an example of an algebraic equation.

Ø An algebraic equation is a statement of equality

between two __________________.
expressions

Ø Algebraic equations can be number sentences (when

both expressions contain only numbers), but often
variables
they contain ________________ whose values have not
been determined.

Consider the algebraic equation 4 𝑥 + 2 = 4𝑥 + 8.

Are the expressions on each side of the equal sign equivalent?

Justify your answer.
Yes. We can use the distributive property to show that
𝟒 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟖.

What does this tell you about the numbers we can substitute
for 𝑥?

You can substitute any number for 𝒙 and it would make the
sentence true.
Let’s Practice!

3. Consider the algebraic equation 𝑥 + 3 = 9.

a. What value can we substitute for 𝑥 to make it a true

number sentence?
𝟔

b. How many values could we substitute for 𝑥 and have

a true number sentence?
Only one

4. Consider the algebraic equation 𝑥 + 6 = 𝑥 + 9. What

values could we substitute for 𝑥 to make it a true number
sentence?
There are no values that would make the number sentence
true.

Try It!

5. Complete the following sentences.

a. 𝑑 2 = 4 is true for _________________________.

𝒅 = 𝟐 and 𝒅 = −𝟐

b. any value for 𝒎

2𝑚 = 𝑚 + 𝑚 is true for _________________________.

c. no value for 𝒅
𝑑 + 67 = 𝑑 + 68 is true for _________________________.
 BEAT THE TEST!

1. Which of the following equations have the correct

solution? Select all that apply.

ý 2𝑥 + 5 = 19; 𝑥 = 7
¨ 3 + 𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥 = 16; 𝑥 = 3
HI2
ý = 2; 𝑥 = 8
3
ý 6 = 2𝑥 − 8; 𝑥 = 7
1
¨ 14 = 𝑥 + 5; 𝑥 = 18
J

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 Section 2 – Topic 2
Identifying Properties When Solving Equations

The following pairs of equations are equivalent. Describe the

operation that occurred in the second equation.

3 + 5 = 8 and 3 + 5 − 5 = 8 − 5

Subtracted 𝟓 from both sides of the equation

𝑥 − 3 = 7 and 𝑥 − 3 + 3 = 7 + 3

Added 𝟑 to both sides of the equation

2(K) 4
2(4) = 8 and =
2 2

Divided both sides of the equation by 𝟐

H H
= 3 and 2 ⋅ =2⋅3
2 2

Multiplied both sides of the equation by 𝟐

This brings us to some more properties that we can use to write

equivalent equations.
Properties of Equality

If 𝑥 is a solution to an equation, then 𝑥 will also be a solution to

the new equation formed when the same number is added to
each side of the original equation.

These are the addition and subtraction properties of equality.

Ø If 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 and 𝑎 − 𝑐 = 𝑏 − 𝑐.

Ø Give examples of this property.

If 𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟓, then 𝒙 − 𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟓 + 𝟐.
If 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟓, then 𝒙 + 𝟐 − 𝟐 = 𝟓 + 𝟐 − 𝟐.

If 𝑥 is a solution to an equation, 𝑥 will also be a solution to the

new equation formed when each side of the original equation
is multiplied by the same number.

These are the multiplication and division properties of equality.

P R
Ø If 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑐 = 𝑏 ⋅ 𝑐 and = .
Q Q

Ø Give examples of this property.

𝒙 𝒙
If = 𝟑𝟎, then 𝟐 ∙ = 𝟐 ∙ 𝟑𝟎
𝟐 𝟐

𝟐𝒙 𝟑𝟎
If 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎, then = .
𝟐 𝟐
Let’s Practice!

1. The following pairs of equations are equivalent. Determine

the property that was used to create the second equation
in each pair.

a. 𝑥 − 5 = 3𝑥 + 7 and 𝑥 − 5 + 5 = 3𝑥 + 7 + 5

Addition property of equality

b. 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 12 and 𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 12

Subtraction property of equality or Addition property

of equality if you consider that you are adding – 𝟑𝒙
both sides.

U2H 12
c. −2𝑥 = 12 and =
U2 U2

Division property of equality

or Multiplication property of equality because you

𝟏
multiply by the reciprocal of – 𝟐, which is −
𝟐
Try It!

2. The following pairs of equations are equivalent. Determine

the property that was used to create the second equation
in each pair.

a. 2 𝑥 + 4 = 14 − 6𝑥 and 2𝑥 + 8 = 14 − 6𝑥

Distributive property of equality

b. 2𝑥 + 8 = 14 − 6𝑥 and 2𝑥 + 8 + 6𝑥 = 14 − 6𝑥 + 6𝑥

Addition property of equality

c. 2𝑥 + 8 + 6𝑥 = 14 and 2𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 8 = 14

Commutative property of addition

d. 8𝑥 + 8 = 14 and 8𝑥 + 8 − 8 = 14 − 8

Subtraction property of equality

1 1
e. 8𝑥 = 6 and ⋅ 8𝑥 = ⋅6
4 4

Division property of equality

 BEAT THE TEST!

1. For each algebraic equation, select the property or

properties that could be used to solve it.

Multiplication or Division
Addition or Subtraction

Commutative Property
Distributive Property
Algebraic Equation

Property of Equality

Property of Equality
H
2
=5 o ý o o
2𝑥 + 7 = 13 ý ý o o
4𝑥 = 23 o ý o o
𝑥 − 3 = −4 ý o o o
4(𝑥 + 5) = 40 ý ý ý o
10 + 𝑥 = 79 ý o o o
−8 − 𝑥 = 19 ý ý o o
2(𝑥 − 8) + 7𝑥 = 9 ý ý ý ý

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 Section 2 – Topic 3
Solving Equations

Sometimes you will be required to justify the steps to solve an

equation. The following equation is solved for 𝑥. Use the
properties to justify the reason for each step in the chart
below.

Statements Reasons

a. 5 𝑥 + 3 − 2 = 2 − 𝑥 + 9 a. Given

b. 5𝑥 + 15 − 2 = 2 − 𝑥 + 9 b. Distributive Property

c. Commutative Property
c. 5𝑥 + 15 − 2 = 2 + 9 − 𝑥
of Addition

d. 5𝑥 + 13 = 11 − 𝑥 d. Equivalent Equation

e. Subtraction Property
e. 5𝑥 + 13 − 13 = 11 − 13 − 𝑥
of Equality

f. 5𝑥 = −2 − 𝑥 f. Equivalent Equation

g. Addition Property of
g. 5𝑥 + 𝑥 = −2 − 𝑥 + 𝑥
Equality

h. 6𝑥 = −2 h. Equivalent Equation

VH U2 i. Division Property of
i. =
V V Equality
1
j. 𝑥 = − j. Equivalent Equation
J
Other times, a word problem or situation may require you to
write and solve an equation.

A class is raising funds to go ice skating at the Rink at Campus

Martius in Detroit. The class plans to rent one bus. It costs
$150.00 to rent a school bus for the day, plus $11.00 per student
for admission to the rink, including skates.

What is the variable in the situation?

The number of students

Write an expression to represent the amount of money the

school needs to raise.

Let 𝒙 represent the number of students.

𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 represents the total cost.

The class raised $500.00 for the trip. Write an equation to

represent the number of students who can attend the trip.
𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎

Solve the equation to determine the number of students who

can attend the trip.

𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎

𝟏𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟏𝒙 𝟑𝟓𝟎
=
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝒙 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟖 𝟑𝟏 students can attend the trip.
Let’s Practice!

1. Consider the equation 2𝑥 − 3 2𝑥 − 1 = 3 − 4𝑥. Solve the

equation for 𝑥. For each step, identify the property used to
write an equivalent equation.

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙 Distributive Property
−𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑 − 𝟑 = 𝟑 − 𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙 Subtraction Prop. of Equality
−𝟒𝒙 = −𝟒𝒙 Equivalent Equation

All real numbers are solutions.

Some equations, such as 2𝑥 = 2𝑥, have all real

numbers as the solution. No matter what
number we substitute for 𝑥, the equation will
still be true.

Try It!

2. Consider the equation 3 4𝑥 + 1 = 3 + 12𝑥 − 5. Solve the

equation for 𝑥. For each step, identify the property used to
convert the equation.

𝟑 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓
𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓 Distributive Property
𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟑 − 𝟓 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 Commutative Prop. of Add.
𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 − 𝟑 = −𝟐 − 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 Subtraction Prop. of Equality
𝟏𝟐𝒙 = −𝟓 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 Equivalent Equation
No Solution
 Some equations, such as 2𝑥 + 5 = 2𝑥 − 1, have
no solution. There is no number that we could
substitute for 𝑥 that will make the equation
true.

3. Brooklyn Technical High School surveyed its students about

their favorite sports. The 487 students who listed soccer as
their favorite sport represented 17 fewer students than
three times the number of students who listed basketball
as their favorite sport. Write and solve an equation to
determine how many students listed basketball as their
favorite sport.

Let 𝒃 represent the number of students who listed

basketball as their favorite sport.

𝟒𝟖𝟕 = 𝟑𝒃 − 𝟏𝟕
𝟒𝟖𝟕 + 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟑𝒃 − 𝟏𝟕 + 𝟏𝟕
𝟓𝟎𝟒 𝟑𝒃
=
𝟑 𝟑
𝒃 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖 students
 BEAT THE TEST!

1. The following equation is solved for 𝑥. Use the properties to

justify the reason for each step in the chart below.

Statements Reasons

a. 2 𝑥 + 5 − 3 = 15 a. Given

b. 2𝑥 + 10 − 3 = 15 b. Distributive Property

c. 2𝑥 + 7 = 15 c. Equivalent Equation

d. 2𝑥 + 7 − 7 = 15 − 7 d. Addition Property of Equality

e. 2𝑥 = 8 e. Equivalent Equation

2H 4
f. = f. Multiplication Property of Equality
2 2

g. 𝑥 = 4 g. Equivalent Equation

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 Section 2 – Topic 4
Solving Equations Using the Zero Product Property

If someone told you that the product of two numbers is 10,

what could you say about the two numbers?

The two numbers must be factors of 𝟏𝟎.

If someone told you that the product of two numbers is zero,

what could you say about the two numbers?

The two numbers are factors of zero.

One of the numbers must be zero.
Both of the numbers could be zero.

This is the zero product property.

Ø If 𝑎𝑏 = 0, then either 𝑎 = 0 or 𝑏 = 0.

Describe how to use the zero product property to solve the

equation 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 9 = 0. Then, identify the solutions.

(𝒙 − 𝟑) and (𝒙 + 𝟗) are factors of zero. So, one or both of the

factors could equal zero. So we will set both factors equal to
zero and solve for 𝒙.

𝒙−𝟑=𝟎 𝒙+𝟗=𝟎
𝒙−𝟑+𝟑=𝟎+𝟑 𝒙+𝟗−𝟗=𝟎−𝟗
𝒙=𝟑 𝒙 = −𝟗

Solution set: {−𝟗, 𝟑}

Let’s Practice!

1. Identify the solution(s) to 2𝑥 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 + 5 = 0.

𝟐𝒙 𝟎
= or 𝒙+𝟒=𝟎 or 𝒙+𝟓=𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙+𝟒−𝟒=𝟎−𝟒 𝒙+𝟓−𝟓=𝟎−𝟓
𝒙=𝟎 𝒙 = −𝟒 𝒙 = −𝟓

Solution Set: {−𝟓, −𝟒, 𝟎}

2. Identify the solution(s) to 2𝑥 − 5 𝑥 + 11 = 0.

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓 = 𝟎 or 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 + 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 − 𝟏𝟏
𝟐𝒙 𝟓
= 𝒙 = −𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟐

𝟓
Solution Set: −𝟏𝟏,
𝟐
Try It!

3. Michael was given the equation 𝑥 + 7 𝑥 − 11 = 0 and

asked to find the zeros. His solution set was {−11, 7}. Explain
whether you agree or disagree with Michael.

Disagree. Michael did not set both factors equal to zero

and solve. He should have gotten −𝟕, 𝟏𝟏 .

4. Identify the solution(s) to 2 𝑦 − 3 ⋅ 6(−𝑦 − 3) = 0.

𝟏𝟐 𝒚 − 𝟑 −𝒚 − 𝟑 𝟎
=
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐

𝒚 − 𝟑 −𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎

𝒚−𝟑=𝟎 or −𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎
𝒚−𝟑+𝟑=𝟎+𝟑 −𝒚 − 𝟑 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 + 𝟑
U𝒚 𝟑
𝒚=𝟑 =
U𝟏 U𝟏
𝒚 = −𝟑

Solution Set: {−𝟑, 𝟑}

 BEAT THE TEST!

1. Use the values below to determine the solutions for each

equation.

4
0 2 3
5

2 1 3
− − −14
7 2 4

1
6 0 − −2
4

𝟏
2𝑦 + 1 𝑦 + 14 = 0 − −𝟏𝟒
𝟐

𝟐 𝟒
7𝑛 − 2 5𝑛 − 4 = 0
𝟕 𝟓

𝟑
4𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − 6 = 0 − 𝟔
𝟒

𝑥 𝑥+2 𝑥−3 =0 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟑

𝟏
𝑡 4𝑡 + 1 𝑡 − 2 = 0 𝟎 − 𝟐
𝟒

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 Section 2 – Topic 5
Solving Inequalities – Part 1

Let’s start by reviewing how to graph inequalities.

Ø open
When the endpoint is a(n) _________ dot or circle, the
is _________
number represented by the endpoint _____ not
a part of the solution set.

Describe the numbers that are graphed in the example

above.

The numbers graphed are greater than 𝟐.

Can you list all the numbers graphed in the example above?
Explain your answer.

No, there are infinitely many numbers greater than 𝟐.

Write an inequality that represents the graph above.

𝒙>𝟐

Write the solution set that represents the graph above.

𝒙𝒙>𝟐
Consider the following graph.

Ø closed
When the endpoint is a(n) ____________ dot or circle,
is
the number represented by the endpoint _______ a
part of the solution set.

Write an inequality that represents the graph above.

𝒙 ≥ 𝟏𝟎

Write the solution set that represents the graph above.

𝒙 𝒙 ≥ 𝟏𝟎

Why is “or equal to” included in the solution set?

Because 𝟏𝟎 is included in the solution.

Just like there are Properties of Equality, there are also

Properties of Inequality.

If 𝑥 > 5, is 𝑥 + 1 > 5 + 1? Substitute values for 𝑥 to justify your

answer.

Let 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟎 > 𝟓 and 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏 > 𝟓 + 𝟏.

Addition and Subtraction Property of Inequality

Ø If 𝑎 > 𝑏, then 𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏 + 𝑐 and 𝑎 − 𝑐 > 𝑏 − 𝑐 for any real

number 𝑐.

Consider 2𝑥 − 1 + 2 > 𝑥 + 1. Use the addition or subtraction

property of inequality to solve for 𝑥.

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝟐 > 𝒙 + 𝟏
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 > 𝒙 + 𝟏
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝟏 > 𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝟏
𝟐𝒙 > 𝒙
𝟐𝒙 − 𝒙 > 𝒙 − 𝒙
𝒙>𝟎

Let’s Practice!

1. Consider the inequality 4 + 𝑥 − 5 ≥ 10. Use the addition

or subtraction property of inequality to solve for 𝑥. Express
the solution in set notation and graphically on a number
line.

𝟒 + 𝒙 − 𝟓 ≥ 𝟏𝟎
𝒙 − 𝟏 ≥ 𝟏𝟎
𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝟏 ≥ 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏
𝒙 ≥ 𝟏𝟏

𝒙 𝒙 ≥ 𝟏𝟏
Try It!

2. Consider the inequality 4𝑥 + 8 < 1 + (2𝑥 − 5). Use the

addition or subtraction property of inequality to solve for 𝑥.
Express the solution in set notation and graphically on a
number line.

𝟒𝒙 + 𝟖 < 𝟏 + (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓)
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟖 < −𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟖 − 𝟖 < −𝟒 − 𝟖 + 𝟐𝒙
𝟒𝒙 < −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙
𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 < −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙
𝟐𝒙 𝟏𝟐
<−
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 < −𝟔

𝒙 𝒙 < −𝟔

3. Peter deposited $27 into his savings account, bringing the

total to over $234. Write and solve an inequality to
represent the amount of money in Peter’s account before
the $27 deposit.

Let 𝒙 represent amount of money in account before

deposit.
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟕 > 𝟐𝟑𝟒
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟕 − 𝟐𝟕 > 𝟐𝟑𝟒 − 𝟐𝟕
𝒙 > 𝟐𝟎𝟕
Peter had more than $𝟐𝟎𝟕 in his account before the
deposit.

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 Section 2 – Topic 6
Solving Inequalities – Part 2

Consider 𝑥 > 5 and 2 ∙ 𝑥 > 2 ∙ 5. Identify a solution to the first

inequality. Show that this solution also makes the second
inequality true.

Let 𝒙 = 𝟔.
𝟔 > 𝟓 and 𝟐 𝟔 > 𝟏𝟎.

Consider 𝑥 > 5 and −2 ∙ 𝑥 > −2 ∙ 5. Identify a solution to the first

inequality. Show that this solution makes the second inequality
false.

Let 𝒙 = 𝟔
𝟔 > 𝟓 and −𝟐 𝟔 ≯ −𝟏𝟎.

How can we change the second inequality so that the

solution makes it true?

−𝟐𝒙 < −𝟏𝟎

−𝟐 𝟔 < −𝟏𝟎

Consider −𝑞 > 5. Use the addition and/or subtraction property

of inequality to solve.

−𝒒 + 𝒒 > 𝟓 + 𝒒
𝟎>𝟓+𝒒
𝟎−𝟓>𝟓−𝟓+𝒒
−𝟓 > 𝒒
𝒒 < −𝟓
Multiplication Property of Inequality

Ø If 𝑎 > 𝑏, then for any positive real number 𝑘,

> 𝑏𝑘.
𝑎𝑘 _______

Ø If 𝑎 < 𝑏, then for any positive real number 𝑘,

< 𝑏𝑘.
𝑎𝑘 _______

Ø If 𝑎 > 𝑏, then for any negative real number 𝑘,

< 𝑏𝑘.
𝑎𝑘 _______

Ø If 𝑎 < 𝑏, then for any negative real number 𝑘,

> 𝑏𝑘.
𝑎𝑘 ______

The same property is true when dealing with ≤ or ≥.

Let’s Practice!

1. Find the solution set to each inequality. Express the solution

in set notation and graphically on a number line.

a. −9𝑦 + 4 < −7𝑦 − 2

−𝟗𝒚 + 𝟒 − 𝟒 < −𝟕𝒚 − 𝟐 − 𝟒

−𝟗𝒚 < −𝟕𝒚 − 𝟔
−𝟗𝒚 + 𝟕𝒚 < −𝟕𝒚 + 𝟕𝒚 − 𝟔
−𝟐𝒚 < −𝟔
−𝟐𝒚 −𝟔
>
−𝟐 −𝟐
𝒚>𝟑

𝒚𝒚>𝟑
 h
b. +8≤9
J

𝒎
+𝟖−𝟖≤𝟗−𝟖
𝟑
𝒎
≤𝟏
𝟑
𝒎
∙𝟑≤𝟏∙𝟑
𝟑
𝒎≤𝟑
𝒎𝒎≤𝟑

2. At 5:00 PM in Atlanta, Georgia, Ethan noticed the

temperature outside was 72℉. The temperature
decreased at a steady rate of 2℉ per hour. At what time
was the temperature below 64℉?

Let 𝒉 represent the number of hours since 5:00 PM.

𝟕𝟐 − 𝟐𝒉 < 𝟔𝟒
𝟕𝟐 − 𝟕𝟐 − 𝟐𝒉 < 𝟔𝟒 − 𝟕𝟐
−𝟐𝒉 < −𝟖
−𝟐𝒉 −𝟖
>
−𝟐 −𝟐
𝒉>𝟒

After 9:00 PM, the temperature was less than 𝟔𝟒℉.

Try It!

3. Find the solution set to the inequality. Express the solution

in set notation and graphically on a number line.

a. −6 (𝑥 − 5) > 42

−𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑𝟎 > 𝟒𝟐
−𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑𝟎 − 𝟑𝟎 > 𝟒𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎
−𝟔𝒙 > 𝟏𝟐
−𝟔𝒙 𝟏𝟐
<
−𝟔 −𝟔
𝒙 < −𝟐

𝒙 𝒙 < −𝟐

b. 4 𝑥 + 3 ≥ 2 2𝑥 − 2
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 ≥ 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐 ≥ 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐
𝟒𝒙 ≥ 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔

All real numbers for 𝒙 will make the inequality true.

𝒙 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔

 BEAT THE TEST!

1. Ulysses is spending his vacation in South Carolina. He rents

a car and is offered two different payment options. He
can either pay $25.00 each day plus $0.15 per mile
(option A) or pay $10.00 each day plus $0.40 per mile
(option B). Ulysses rents the car for one day.

Part A: Write an inequality representing the number of

miles where option A will be the cheaper plan.

Let 𝒙 represent the number of miles driven.

Option A: 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝒙
Option B: 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝒙
𝟐𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝒙 < 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝒙

Part B: How many miles will Ulysses have to drive for

option A to be the cheaper option?

𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝒙 < 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝒙

𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝒙 < −𝟏𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝒙
𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝒙 < −𝟏𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝒙
−𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝒙 < −𝟏𝟓
−𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝒙 −𝟏𝟓
>
−𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
𝒙 > 𝟔𝟎

If Ulysses drove more than 𝟔𝟎 miles, Option A

would be cheaper.
2. Stephanie has just been given a new job in the sales
department of Frontier Electric Authority. She has two
salary options. She can either receive a fixed salary of
$500.00 per week or a salary of $200.00 per week plus a 5%
commission on her weekly sales. The variable 𝑠 represents
Stephanie’s weekly sales. Which solution set represents the
dollar amount of sales that she must generate in a week in
order for the option with commission to be the better
choice?

A 𝑠 𝑠 > $300.00
B 𝑠 𝑠 > $700.00
C 𝑠 𝑠 > $3,000.00
D 𝑠 𝑠 > $6,000.00

Answer: D

Let 𝒔 represent the weekly sales.

𝟐𝟎𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒔 > 𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒔 > 𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒔 𝟑𝟎𝟎
>
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓
𝒔 > 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎

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 Section 2 – Topic 7
Solving Compound Inequalities

Consider the following options.

Option A: You get to play Call of Duty after you clean

your room and do the dishes.

Option B: You get to play Call of Duty after you clean

your room or do the dishes.

What is the difference between Option A and B?

In Option A, you have to do both chores. In Option B, you only

have to do one chore.

Consider the following. Circle the statements that are

true.

2 + 9 = 11 and 10 < 5 + 6

4 + 5 ≠ 9 and 2 + 3 > 0

0 > 4 − 6 or 3 + 2 = 6

15 − 20 > 0 or 2.5 + 3.5 = 7

These are called compound equations or inequalities.

Ø When the two statements in the previous sentences

were joined by the word AND, the compound
both
equation or inequality is true only if __________
statements are true.

Ø When the two statements in the previous sentences

were joined by the word OR, the compound equation
one
or inequality is true if at least _________ of the
statements is true. Therefore, it is also considered true if
both
_________ statements are true.

Let’s graph 𝑥 < 6 and 𝑥 > 1.

This is the __________________

graphical ______________
solution to the compound
inequality.

How many solutions does this inequality have?

Infinitely many

Many times this is written as 1 < 𝑥 < 6. This notation denotes the
conjunction “and.”

and
We read this as “𝑥 is greater than one ________ less than six.”
Let’s Practice!

1. Consider 𝑥 < 1 or 𝑥 > 6. Could we write the inequalities

above as 1 > 𝑥 > 6? Explain your answer.

No, that would say that 𝒙 < 𝟏 and 𝒙 > 𝟔. 𝒙 cannot be both
of those things.

2. Graph the solution set to each compound inequality on a

number line.

a. 𝑥 = 2 or 𝑥 > 5

b. 𝑥 > 6 or 𝑥 < 6

c. 1 ≤ −𝑥 ≤ 7
 Be on the lookout for negative coefficients.
When solving inequalities, you will need to
reverse the inequality symbol when you multiply
or divide by a negative value.

3. Write a compound inequality for the following graphs.

a. Compound inequality: 𝒙 < −𝟐 or 𝒙 > 𝟓

b. Compound inequality: −𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟓

Try It!

4. Graph the solution set to each compound inequality on a

number line.

a. 𝑥 < 1 or 𝑥 > 8

b. 𝑥 ≥ 6 or 𝑥 < 4

c. −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
5. Write a compound inequality for the following graphs.

a. Compound inequality: 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎 or 𝒙 > 𝟓

b. Compound inequality: 𝟎≤𝒙≤𝟓

 BEAT THE TEST!

1. Use the terms and symbols in the table to write a

compound inequality for each of the following graphs.
You may only use each term once, but you do not have
to use all of them.

3𝑥 −14 −6 ≥ − 17 15 <
7𝑥 < 2 or ≤ 3𝑥 + >

Compound Inequality: 𝟕𝒙 < −𝟏𝟒 or 𝟑𝒙 > 𝟏𝟓

Compound Inequality: −𝟔 ≤ 𝟑𝒙 < 𝟏𝟕 − 𝟐

Want some help? You can always ask questions on

the Algebra Wall and receive help from other
students, teachers, and Study Experts. You can also
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Algebra Points for doing so. Go to AlgebraNation.com to learn
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more and get started!
 Section 2 – Topic 8
Rearranging Formulas

Solve each equation for 𝑥.

2𝑥 + 4 = 12 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒 − 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟒 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝒚 = 𝒛 − 𝒚
𝟐𝒙 𝟖 𝟐𝒙 𝒛U𝒚
= =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒛−𝒚
𝒙=𝟒 𝒙=
𝟐

Did we use different properties when we solved the two

equations? No

Consider the formula for the perimeter of a rectangle:

𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤.

Sometimes, we might need the formula solved for length.

𝑷 − 𝟐𝒘 = 𝟐𝒍 + 𝟐𝒘 − 𝟐𝒘
𝑷 − 𝟐𝒘 = 𝟐𝒍
𝑷 − 𝟐𝒘 𝟐𝒍
=
𝟐 𝟐
𝑷 − 𝟐𝒘
𝒍=
𝟐

When solving for a variable, it’s helpful to

circle that variable.
Let’s Practice!

1. Consider the equation 𝑟𝑥 − 𝑠𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧; solve for 𝑥.

𝒓𝒙 − 𝒔𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝒚 = 𝒛 − 𝒚
𝒙(𝒓 − 𝒔) = 𝒛 − 𝒚
𝒙 𝒓U𝒔 𝒛U𝒚
=
𝒓U𝒔 𝒓U𝒔
𝒛−𝒚
𝒙=
𝒓−𝒔

Try It!

2. Consider the equation 8𝑐 + 6𝑗 = 5𝑝; solve for 𝑐.

𝟖𝒄 + 𝟔𝒋 − 𝟔𝒋 = 𝟓𝒑 − 𝟔𝒋
𝟖𝒄 𝟓𝒑U𝟔𝒋
=
𝟖 𝟖
𝟓𝒑 − 𝟔𝒋
𝒄=
𝟖
𝟓𝒑 𝟔𝒋
𝒄= −
𝟖 𝟖
𝟓𝒑 𝟑𝒋
𝒄= −
𝟖 𝟒
 HUQ
3. Consider the equation = 𝑑; solve for 𝑐.
2

𝒙−𝒄
𝟐∙ =𝒅∙𝟐
𝟐
𝒙 − 𝒄 = 𝟐𝒅
𝒙 − 𝒙 − 𝒄 = 𝟐𝒅 − 𝒙
−𝒄 𝟐𝒅 − 𝒙
=
−𝟏 −𝟏
𝒄 = −𝟐𝒅 + 𝒙
𝒄 = 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒅
 BEAT THE TEST!

1. Isaiah planted a seedling in his garden and recorded its

height every week. The equation shown can be used to
estimate the height, ℎ, of the seedling after 𝑤 weeks since
he planted the seedling.

J ƒ
ℎ= 𝑤+
K K

Solve the formula for 𝑤, the number of weeks since he

planted the seedling.

𝟑 𝟗
𝟒∙𝒉=𝟒 𝒘+
𝟒 𝟒

𝟑 𝟗
𝟒𝒉 = 𝟒 ∙ 𝒘+𝟒∙
𝟒 𝟒
𝟒𝒉 = 𝟑𝒘 + 𝟗
𝟒𝒉 − 𝟗 = 𝟑𝒘 + 𝟗 − 𝟗
𝟒𝒉 − 𝟗 𝟑𝒘
=
𝟑 𝟑
𝟒𝒉 − 𝟗
𝒘=
𝟑
𝟏
𝒘 = ∙ 𝟒𝒉 − 𝟗
𝟑
𝟒
𝒘= 𝒉−𝟑
𝟑
2. Under the Brannock device method, shoe size and foot
length for women are related by the formula 𝑆 = 3𝐹 − 21,
where 𝑆 represents the shoe size and 𝐹 represents the
length of the foot in inches. Solve the formula for 𝐹.
𝑺 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟑𝑭 − 𝟐𝟏 + 𝟐𝟏
𝑺 + 𝟐𝟏 𝟑𝑭
=
𝟑 𝟑
𝑺 𝟐𝟏
+ =𝑭
𝟑 𝟑
𝑺
𝑭= +𝟕
𝟑

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 Section 2 – Topic 9
Solution Sets to Equations with Two Variables

Consider 𝑥 + 2 = 5. What is the only possible value of 𝑥 that

makes the equation a true statement?

Now consider 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5. What are some solutions for 𝑥 and

𝑦 that would make the equation true?

𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒚 = 𝟒
𝒙 = 𝟒. 𝟓, 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟓
𝒙 = 𝟖, 𝒚 = −𝟑

Possible solutions can be listed as ordered pairs.

Graph each of the ordered pairs from the previous problem

on the graph below.
What do you notice about the points you graphed?

They form a line

How many solutions are there to the equation 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5?

Infinitely many

Let’s Practice!

1. Taylor has 10 songs on her phone’s playlist. The playlist

features songs from her two favorite artists, Beyoncé and
Pharrell.

a. Create an equation using two variables to represent

this situation.

Let 𝒙 represent number of Beyoncé songs and 𝒚

represent number of Pharrell songs.
𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎

b. List at least three solutions to the equation that you

created.

𝒙 = 𝟑, 𝒚 = 𝟕
𝒙 = 𝟗, 𝒚 = 𝟏
𝒙 = 𝟓, 𝒚 = 𝟓

c. Do we have infinitely many solutions to this equation?

Why or why not?

No. You cannot have half of a song.

 In this case, our solutions must be natural
numbers. This is called a discrete function.
Notice that the solutions follow a linear
pattern. However, they do not form a line.

d. Create a graph that represents the solution set to your

equation.

Pharrell

Beyoncé

e. Why are there only positive values on this graph?

Because you cannot have a negative number of songs.

Try It!

2. The sum of two numbers is 15.

a. Create an equation using two variables to represent

this situation.

𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓

b. List at least three possible solutions.

𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟎, 𝟐𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 − 𝟓, 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟐. 𝟓

c. How many solutions are there to this equation?

Infinitely many

d. Create a visual representation of all the possible

solutions on the graph.
 In this case, we have a continuous function.
Notice the solutions are rational numbers and
they form a line.

3. What if we changed the problem to say the sum of two

integers is 15?

a. Create an equation using two variables to represent

this situation.
𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓

b. Is this function discrete or continuous? Explain your

answer.

Discrete because the solution set only consist of

integers.

c. Represent the solution on the graph below.

 BEAT THE TEST!

1. Elizabeth’s tablet has a combined total of 20 apps and

movies. Let 𝑥 represent the number of apps and 𝑦
represent the number of movies. Which of the following
could represent the number of apps and movies on
Elizabeth’s tablet? Select all that apply.

ý 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 20
¨ 7 apps and 14 movies
¨ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 20
ý 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 20
ý 8 apps and 12 movies
¨ 𝑥𝑦 = 20

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where you can practice all the skills and concepts
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