EST 16 ------------------------------------------------------

______ is the process of changing one of the A _______connection is one in which more than two
characteristics of an analog signal based on the specific devices share a single link.
information in digital data.
Direct
Analog conversion
Microwave
Analog-to-digital conversion
Point-to-point
Digital-to-analog conversion
Multidrop
Digital conversion
Although the actual bandwidth of a ____ signal is
Traditionally, a unipolar scheme was designed as a infinite, the effective bandwidth is finite.
______ scheme in which the positive voltage defines
Analog
bit 1 and the zero voltage defines bit 0.
Mixed
NRZ
Digital
None of the choices
Parallel
Integral
Differential A ______ is usually privately owned and connects
some hosts in a single office, building, or campus.
_____ is the set of techniques that allow the
MAN
simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a
single data link. LAN
Compression Internet
Selection WAN
Companding
_____ is a digital multiplexing technique for
Multiplexing combining several low-rate channels into one high-
rate one.
A _____ standard is a specification that is stable, well
understood, and of sufficient interest to the Internet Frequency-division multiplexing
community. At this level, the specification is usually Time-division multiplexing
tested and implemented by several different groups.
Space-division multiplexing
Stable
None of the choices
Proposed
Revised The _____ RFCs either have been superseded by
later specifications or have never passed the
Novel
necessary maturity levels to become an Internet
standard.
In ______both stations can transmit and receive
simultaneously. The full-duplex mode is used when Periodic
communication in both directions is required all the
Informational
time. The capacity of the channel, however, must be
divided between the two directions. Experimental
None of the choices Historic
Full duplex
Simplex
Half-duplex
Upon recommendation from the Internet In a ______ topology, each device has a dedicated
authorities, a draft may be published as a ______. point-to-point connection with only the two devices
on either side of it. A signal is passed along in one
Request for changes
direction, from device to device, until it reaches its
Request for comment destination.
Request for coding Tree
Request for columns Star
Ring
An _____ is a thoroughly tested specification that is
useful to and adhered to by those who work with the Mesh
Internet. It is a formalized regulation that must be
followed. In ______ transmission, we send 1 start bit (0) at the
beginning and 1 or more stop bits (1s) at the end of
Standard practice
each byte. There may be a gap between bytes.
International standard
Asynchronous
Internet standard
Parallel
None of the choices
Serial
In decoding a digital signal, the receiver calculates a Synchronous
running average of the received signal power. This
average is called the _____. The ____ is the number of signal elements sent in 1s.
The unit is the baud.
Basic
None of the choices
Baseline
Bitrate
Median
Throughput
Average
Baud rate
_____ is so named because multiple beams from a
light source move through the core in different In a multipoint environment, the capacity of the
paths. channel is shared. If several devices can use the link
simultaneously, it is a ____ connection.
Single mode
Time shared
Multimode
Frequency shared
Multi beam
Spatially shared
None of the choices
None of the choices
_____ carries signals of higher frequency ranges than
those in twisted pair cable. A ______ is the interconnection of a set of devices
capable of communication.
Twin lead
Hub
Coaxial cable
Branch
Submarine cable
Bus
Waveguide
Network
A proposed standard is elevated to ____ standard
status after at least two successful independent and
interoperable implementations. Barring difficulties, it
normally becomes an Internet standard.
Draft
Proposed
Possible
Revised

A _______connection provides a dedicated link

between two devices. The entire capacity of the link
is reserved for transmission between those two
devices.
Multicast
Point-to-point
Broadcast
None of the choices

In ______ mode, the communication is

unidirectional, as on a one-way street. Only one of
the two devices on a link can transmit; the other can
only receive.
Simplex
None of the choices
Full duplex
Half-duplex

In TCP/IP, the ____ layer takes a datagram and

encapsulates it in a packet called a frame.
Session
Data link
Application
Network

Traditionally, a unipolar scheme was designed as a

______ scheme in which the positive voltage defines
bit 1 and the zero voltage defines bit 0.
Integral
None of the choices
NRZ
Differential