WORKED OUT SOLUTIONS

FOR MAY/JUNE 2019 'O' LEVEL MATHEMATICS

0580/43 EXAMINATION
Courtesy of W. Harukoreri
Feedback comments and questions to: [email protected]
Problems must be solved, and not ignored. Step-by-step, brick-upon-brick, success is built.
With the right ATTITUDE and FOCUS, nothing is impossible.

YOU can A*ce Maths.

IBWE PABWE

“when the forest

gives
you a fistful
of fruits,
they are
yours; but
when it
reveals to
you a thicket
Sugges on: of trees
laden with fruit,
it is
It is recommended and may be more effective to your learning if entrusting
you to call
you try solving the questions by yourself first before peeking at the whole
village.”
the answers below. Enjoy.
Iain Chitsidzo,
Our Connected
Village: Timeless
Wisdom from the
Shona

Say: NO to illicit drugs, NO to substance and alcohol abuse, and NO to bullying.

If something is bothering you, talk to someone.
 Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 3 5 0 6 7 7 4 6 9 8 *

MATHEMATICS 0580/43
Paper 4 (Extended) May/June 2019
2 hours 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Electronic calculator Geometrical instruments
Tracing paper (optional)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

If working is needed for any question it must be shown below that question.
Electronic calculators should be used.
If the degree of accuracy is not specified in the question, and if the answer is not exact, give the answer to
three significant figures. Give answers in degrees to one decimal place.
For π, use either your calculator value or 3.142.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total of the marks for this paper is 130.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

DC (KS/SW) 164542/3
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
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1 Here is part of a train timetable for a journey from London to Marseille.

All times given are in local time.
The local time in Marseille is 1 hour ahead of the local time in London.

London 07 19
Ashford 07 55
Lyon 13 00
Avignon 14 08
Marseille 14 46

(a) (i) Work out the total journey time from London to Marseille.
Give your answer in hours and minutes.

.................. h ...................... min [2]

(ii) The distance from London to Ashford is 90 km.

The local time in London is the same as the local time in Ashford.

Work out the average speed, in km/h, of the train between London and Ashford.

...................................... km/h [3]

(iii) During the journey, the train takes 35 seconds to completely cross a bridge.
The average speed of the train during this crossing is 90 km/h.
The length of the train is 95 metres.

Calculate the length, in metres, of this bridge.

........................................... m [4]

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 3

(b) The fares for the train journey are shown in the table below.

From London to Marseille Standard fare Premier fare

Adult $84 $140

Child $60 $96

(i) For the standard fare, write the ratio adult fare : child fare in its simplest form.

..................... : ..................... [1]

(ii) For an adult, find the percentage increase in the cost of the standard fare to the premier fare.

........................................... % [3]

(iii) For one journey from London to Marseille, the ratio

number of adults : number of children = 11 : 2.

There were 220 adults in total on this journey.

All of the children and 70% of the adults paid the standard fare.
The remaining adults paid the premier fare.

Calculate the total of the fares paid by the adults and the children.

$ .............................................. [5]

(c) There were 3.08 # 105 passengers that made this journey in 2018.
This was a 12% decrease in the number of passengers that made this journey in 2017.

Find the number of passengers that made this journey in 2017.

Give your answer in standard form.

............................................... [3]

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 4

2 (a) Solve.
5x - 17 = 7x + 3

x = .............................................. [2]

(b) Find the integer values of n that satisfy this inequality.

- 7 1 4n G 8

............................................... [3]

(c) Simplify.

(i) a3 # a6

............................................... [1]

(ii) (5xy 2) 3

............................................... [2]
1
-

f p
3
27x 12
(iii)
64y 3

............................................... [3]

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 5

3
y

3
A
2

–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

–1

–2
B
–3

–4

–5

(a) On the grid, draw the image of

-3
(i) triangle A after a translation by the vector e o , [2]
2

(ii) triangle A after a reflection in the line y = x. [2]

(b) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................ [3]

(c) (i) Find the matrix that represents an enlargement, scale factor - 2, centre (0, 0).

f p [2]

(ii) Calculate the determinant of the matrix in part (c)(i).

............................................... [1]

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 6

4 (a)

5.6 cm
NOT TO
10 cm
SCALE

The diagram shows a hemispherical bowl of radius 5.6 cm and a cylindrical tin of height 10 cm.

(i) Show that the volume of the bowl is 368 cm3, correct to the nearest cm3.
4
[The volume, V, of a sphere with radius r is V = rr 3. ]
3

[2]

(ii) The tin is completely full of soup.

When all the soup is poured into the empty bowl, 80% of the volume of the bowl is filled.

Calculate the radius of the tin.

......................................... cm [4]

(b)
NOT TO
SCALE

6 cm

1.75 cm

The diagram shows a cone with radius 1.75 cm and height 6 cm.

(i) Calculate the total surface area of the cone.

[The curved surface area, A, of a cone with radius r and slant height l is A = rrl.]

........................................ cm2 [5]

© UCLES 2019 0580/43/M/J/19
 7

(ii)
NOT TO
SCALE

4.5 cm
1.75 cm

The cone contains salt to a depth of 4.5 cm.

The top layer of the salt forms a circle that is parallel to the base of the cone.

(a) Show that the volume of the salt inside the cone is 18.9 cm3, correct to 1 decimal place.
1
[The volume, V, of a cone with radius r and height h is V = rr 2 h.]
3

[4]

(b) The salt is removed from the cone at a constant rate of 200 mm3 per second.

Calculate the time taken for the cone to be completely emptied.

Give your answer in seconds, correct to the nearest second.

............................................. s [3]

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 8

2
5 The diagram shows the graph of y = f (x) where f (x) = x 2 - - 2, x ! 0 .
x
y

12

10

–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x

–2

–4

–6

–8

– 10

– 12

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 9

(a) Use the graph to find

(i) f (1) ,

............................................... [1]

(ii) ff (- 2) .

............................................... [2]

(b) On the grid opposite, draw a suitable straight line to solve the equation
2
x 2 - - 7 =- 3x for - 3 G x G 3.
x

x = ...................... or x = ........................... [4]

(c) By drawing a suitable tangent, find an estimate of the gradient of the curve at x = - 2.

............................................... [3]

(d) (i) Complete the table for y = g (x) where g (x) = 2 -x for - 3 G x G 3.

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

y 2 1 0.5 0.125
[3]

(ii) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of y = g (x) . [3]

(iii) Use your graph to find the positive solution to the equation f (x) = g (x) .

x = .............................................. [1]

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 10

6 The table shows the time, t seconds, taken by each of 120 boys to solve a puzzle.

Time
20 1 t G 30 30 1 t G 35 35 1 t G 40 40 1 t G 60 60 1 t G 100
(t seconds)
Frequency 38 27 21 16 18

(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean time.

............................................. s [4]

(b) On the grid, complete the histogram to show the information in the frequency table.

4
Frequency
density

0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 t
Time (seconds)
[4]

© UCLES 2019 0580/43/M/J/19

 11

7 A straight line joins the points A (-2, -3) and C (1, 9).

(a) Find the equation of the line AC in the form y = mx + c.

y = .............................................. [3]

(b) Calculate the acute angle between AC and the x-axis.

............................................... [2]

(c) ABCD is a kite, where AC is the longer diagonal of the kite.

B is the point (3.5, 2).

(i) Find the equation of the line BD in the form y = mx + c.

y = .............................................. [3]

(ii) The diagonals AC and BD intersect at (-0.5, 3).

Work out the co-ordinates of D.

(...................... , ....................) [2]

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 12

8 (a) Angelo has a bag containing 3 white counters and x black counters.
He takes two counters at random from the bag, without replacement.

(i) Complete the following statement.

The probability that Angelo takes two black counters is

x # .
x+3 [2]

7
(ii) The probability that Angelo takes two black counters is .
15
(a) Show that 4x2 - 25x - 21 = 0.

[4]

(b) Solve by factorisation.

4x2 - 25x - 21 = 0

x = .................... or x = ................. [3]

(c) Write down the number of black counters in the bag.

............................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 0580/43/M/J/19

 13

(b) Esme has a bag with 5 green counters and 4 red counters.
She takes three counters at random from the bag without replacement.

Work out the probability that the three counters are all the same colour.

............................................... [4]

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 14

9 (a)

C
NOT TO
SCALE

A D B
58 m

In the diagram, BC is a vertical wall standing on horizontal ground AB.

D is the point on AB where AD = 58 m.
The angle of elevation of C from A is 26°.
The angle of elevation of C from D is 72°.

(i) Show that AC = 76.7 m, correct to 1 decimal place.

[5]

(ii) Calculate BD.

BD = .......................................... m [3]

© UCLES 2019 0580/43/M/J/19

 15

(b) Triangle EFG has an area of 70 m2.

EF : FG = 1 : 2 and angle EFG = 40°.

(i) Calculate EF.

EF = .......................................... m [4]

(ii) A different triangle PQR also has an area of 70 m2.

PQ : QR = 1 : 2 and PQ = EF.

Find angle PQR.

Angle PQR = .............................................. [1]

Question 10 is printed on the next page.

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 16

10 (a) 19, 15, 11, 7, ....

(i) Write down the next two terms of the sequence.

...................... , .................. [2]

(ii) Find the nth term of this sequence.

............................................... [2]

(iii) Find the value of n when the nth term is -65.

n = .............................................. [2]

(b) Another sequence has nth term 2n2 + 5n - 15.

Find the difference between the 4th term and the 5th term of this sequence.

............................................... [2]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2019 0580/43/M/J/19

ANSWER SHEET
Courtesy of W. Harukoreri
Email Address: [email protected]
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (IGCSE) O’ LEVEL

1.
a. Marseille local time is 1 hour ahead of London local time
(i)
Local time in London Local time in Marseille
Arrival time 13 46 14 46
Departure Time 07 19 08 19
 Total journey time is 6 h 27 min 6 h 27 min

(ii) London Ashford distance = 90 km hours minutes

Time taken is 36 minutes as shown 7 55
– 7 19
difference 36

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 90 𝑘𝑚 90 𝑘𝑚
∴ 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 = 36 = = 150 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
ℎ 0.6 ℎ
60

(iii) Given,
Average speed of train during crossing = 90𝑘𝑚/ℎ 95 m 𝒍 metres
Time taken to cross bridge = 35 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
Length of train = 95 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 train bridge
Let the length of the bridge be 𝑙 metres

is the back of the train

 For the train to completely cross the bridge, the rear of

the train must reach the end of the bridge, that is, distance covered = (95 + 𝑙) 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
1 km = 1 000 metres and 1 hour = 3 600 seconds
𝑘𝑚 𝑚 35
 Distance covered = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 = 90 × 35 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 = 90 000 ℎ × 3600 ℎ
ℎ

 (95 + 𝑙)𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 875 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠

∴ 𝑙 = 875 − 95 = 780 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠

b.
(i) adult standard fare : child standard fare ratio = 84 ∶ 60 = 7 ∶ 5 divide by 12

(ii) increase in cost from standard to premier fares for adult = $(140 – 84) = $56

56 2 2
 percentage increase = 84 × 100% = 3 × 100% = 66 3 % = 66.7% (to 3 s.f.)

(iii) adults : children = 11: 2 total of ratios = 11 + 2 = 13

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CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (IGCSE) O’ LEVEL

11
numberer of adults = 220 = of total number of adult and child passengers
13
13
 total number of passengers = × 220 = 260
11

 number of children = 260 – 220 = 40

Alternatively using simple proportion,

220 number of children 440
 = ∴ number of children = = 40
11 2 11

Fare paid by all children is standard = $60 per child

 Total fares paid by children = 40 × $60 = $2 400 ……………………(i)

70
70% of adults = 100 × 220 = 22 × 7 = 154 ; these pay standard fare of $84 per person

 the 30% balance of adults = 220 – 154 = 66 pay the premier fare of $140 each

 total fares paid by adults = 154 × $84 + 66 × $140 = $12 936 + $9 240 = $22 176 ……….(ii)

∴ the total amount of fares paid for the journey = $2 400 + $22 176 = $24 576 add (i) and (ii)

Method II

Please note this needs careful attention

2 2
The premier fare is 66 3 % higher than the standard fare or (1 + 66 3 % ) multiplied by the standard fare

So total amount paid by adults is given by:

500
70% 𝑜𝑓 220 × $84 + 30% 𝑜𝑓 220 × $84 × %
3
500
= 70% 𝑜𝑓 220 × $84 + 30% 𝑜𝑓 220 × $84 × %
3

70 30 500 120
= $84 × 220 (100 + × 300) = $84 × 220 × 100 = $84 × 220 × 1.2 = $22 176 … same as
100
above. Then add the total children fares

c. 2018 passengers = 3.08 × 105 = 12% less than 2017 passengers or 88% of 2017 passengers
3.08 105
 2017 passengers = 0.88
= 3.5 × 105

Method II:
12 3.08 ×105
Let 2017 passengers be 𝑥, so 3.08 × 105 = 𝑥(1 – 100) = 0.88𝑥 ∴ 𝑥 = = 3.5 × 105
0.88
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CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (IGCSE) O’ LEVEL

2.
a. 5𝑥 – 17 = 7𝑥 + 3
 7𝑥 – 5𝑥 = −17 – 3
 2𝑥 = −20
∴ 𝑥 = −10

b. −7 < 4𝑛 ≤ 8
7
 −4 < 𝑛 ≤ 2

 −1.75 < 𝑛 ≤ 2

∴ integer values of n that satisfy the above are: − 1, 0, 1, and 2

c.
i. 𝑎 3 × 𝑎 6 = 𝑎 3+6 = 𝑎 9

ii. (5𝑥𝑦 2 )3 = (5)3 (𝑥)3 (𝑦 2 )3 = 125𝑥 3 𝑦 6

1 1
− 3
27𝑥 12 3 64𝑦3 3 3 (4𝑦) 34𝑦 3 4𝑦
iii. ( 64𝑦3 ) = (27𝑥 12 ) = √(3𝑥 4)3 = √(3𝑥 4) = 3𝑥 4

3.
−3
Translation of A by vector
2

x = -1 is a bisector of the line VV”

reflection of A along y = x
B

V”

© Courtesy of W. Harukoreri [email protected]

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (IGCSE) O’ LEVEL

(a) Co-ordinates of triangle A are: (1 , 2) , (-2 , 2) , (-1 , 4)

−3
(i) Co-ordinates of the image of A after translation by vector (
) are:
2
(1 − 3 , 2 + 2) = (−2 , 4) , (−2 − 3 , 2 + 2) = (−5 , 4) , (−1 − 3 , 4 + 2) = (−4 , 6)

You can also simply move triangle A three (3) units to the left and 2 units up on the graph. Elementary
learners use tracing paper.

(ii) Co-ordinates of the image of A after reflection along the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 are:
(2 , 1) , (2 , −2) , (4 , −1). Notice that 𝑦 and 𝑥 are switching values.

1 2 −2 2 −1 4
( ) ( ) , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 2 −2 4 −1

0 1 𝑥 𝑦
This is equivalent to the following vector multiplying the vector ( ) ( )=( )
1 0 𝑦 𝑥

(b) Triangle B is a 90-degrees anticlockwise rotation about the centre of rotation (1 , -1) image of triangle A.
The centre of rotation is the intersection of any two perpendicular bisectors of lines joining corresponding
corners/vertices of the two congruent triangles.

(c)
1 0 𝑘 0
(i) An enlargement about the origin and a scale factor k is given by 𝑘 ( )=( )
0 1 0 𝑘

−2 0
∴ the scale factor -2 enlargement about the origin is represented by the matrix ( )
0 −2

a b
(ii) The determinant of a matrix ( ) = √𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐
c d
Therefore, the determinant of the matrix in (c) (i) above is √(−2)(−2) – (0)(0) = √4 = 2

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CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (IGCSE) O’ LEVEL

4.
a.
4
(i) 𝑉𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 𝜋𝑟 3
3

1 2
 Volume of hemisphere = 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3
2

2
 Volume of bowel = 3 𝜋(5.6)3 = 2.094395 × 175.616 𝑐𝑚3 = 367.8093 𝑐𝑚3

= 368 cm3 ( to the nearest cm3) Q.E.D

80 2
(ii) volume of tin = volume of soup = 80% of volume of bowel = 100 × 3 𝜋(5.6)3 cm3
but volume of the tin is area of circular base multiplied by height = 𝜋𝑅2 × 10 cm
80 2
 100 × 3 𝜋(5.6)3 cm3 = 𝜋𝑅2 × 10 cm

8 2 16
 𝑅2 = × 3 (5.6)3 cm2 = × 175.616 = 9.366187
100 300

6 cm
∴ 𝑅 = √9.366187 = 3.0604 = 3.06 (to 3 s.f.) 𝑙

b. Curved surface area A, of a cone = 𝜋𝑟𝑙

Area of circular base = 𝜋𝑟 2
 total surface area of cone = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑟 = 1.75 cm
= 𝜋𝑟( 𝑙 + 𝑟)

i.
Pythagoras’ Theorem to calculate the slant height 𝑙
49 576+49 625
 𝑙2 = 62 + (1.75)2 = 36 + 16 = =
16 16

625 25
∴ 𝑙 = √ 16 = 4

7 25 7
∴ total surface area of cone = 4 𝜋 ( 4 + 4) =
7 32
× 𝜋 = 14𝜋 cm2
4 4

1.5 cm
= 43.9823 = 44.0 cm2 (to 3 s.f.)

ii. (a) 4.5 cm

Method I
1
Volume of whole cone = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
1 7 49
= 3 𝜋(1.75)2 × 6 = = 2𝜋(4)2 = 𝜋
8
1.75 cm
© Courtesy of W. Harukoreri [email protected]
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (IGCSE) O’ LEVEL

Volume of small top cone

1 1
= 3 𝜋(𝑟𝑠 )2 × 1.5 = 2 𝜋(𝑟𝑠 )2 𝑟𝑠 is the radius of the top small cone

Using simple proportion

𝑟𝑠 1.5 1
= =
1.75 6 4

7 1 7
 𝑟𝑠 = 4 × 4 = 16

1 7 2 49𝜋
 volume of empty top cone = 2
𝜋 × (16) = 32 ×16

49 49𝜋
∴ volume of salt = volume of whole cone minus the empty space = 𝜋−
8 32 ×16

49𝜋 1 49𝜋 63 3087

(1 − 64) = × 64 = 𝜋 = 6.02929𝜋 = 18.9416 = 18.9 cm2 (correct to 1 d.p.) Q.E.D.
8 8 512

Method II
1
ratio of dimensions small top cone : whole cone = 1.5 ∶ 6 = 1: 4 = 4
1 3 1
 ratio of volumes small top cone : whole cone = (4) = 64
1
 volume of salt = (1 − 64) × volume of whole cone

63 49 3087
∴ volume of salt = × 𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.02929𝜋 = 18.9416 = 18.9 cm2 (correct to 1 d.p.) Q.E.D.
64 8 512

mm3
(b) rate of flow of salt = 200 𝑠

1 cm3 = 1 000 mm3 { 1 cm3 = 1 cm × 1cm × 1cm = 10mm × 10mm × 10mm }

3087 mm3
 volume of salt = 512
𝜋 cm3 × 1 000 cm3

3 087 000 mm3

∴ time taken to empty the salt = volume of salt ÷ rate of flow = ( 512
𝜋) mm3 ÷ (200 𝑠
)

= 94.70797 seconds = 95 seconds (to the nearest second)

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CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (IGCSE) O’ LEVEL

5.

a. Using the graph

(i) 𝑓(1) = −3 the value of f(x) = y when x = 1

(ii) 𝑓𝑓(−2) = 𝑓(3) = 6.3 the value of f(x) = y when x = f(-2)

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CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (IGCSE) O’ LEVEL

2
b. 𝑥2 − − 7 = −3𝑥
𝑥
2
 𝑥2 − − 2 − 5 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 5 = −3𝑥 ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 − 3𝑥
𝑥
So, we draw the line 𝑦 = 5 – 3𝑥. the 𝑥 − coordinates where this line and 𝑓(𝑥) intersect are the solutions
2
to 𝑥 2 − − 7 = −3𝑥
𝑥
Solutions are 𝑥 = −0.25 and 𝑥 = 1.75

Δ𝑦
c. From the drawn tangent at 𝑥 = −2 we estimate the gradient Δ𝑥 .
Choose two points on the line. I chose the point of tangency (−2 , 3) and another point on the line is
(0 , −4)
Δ𝑦 3− −4 7 7
= = −2 = − (2) or − 3.5
Δ𝑥 −2−0

1
d. 𝑔(𝑥) = 2−𝑥 = 2𝑥 = 𝑦

i.
𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
𝑦 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125

2
ii. Using the graph, the solutions of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) occur where the curves 𝑦 = 2−𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − − 2
𝑥
intersect. The positive solution 𝑥 = 1.85

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6.
a. Estimate of mean time
1 1 1 1 1
(20 + 30) × 38 + (30 + 35) × 27 + (35 + 40) × 21 + (40 + 60) × 16 + (60 + 100) × 18
= 2 2 2 2 2
(38 + 27 + 21 + 16 + 18)

65 75
(25×38)+( ×27) +( ×21)+(50×16) +(80×18) 950+877.5 +787.5+800 +1 440 4855
2 2
= = = = 40.4583
120 120 120

= 40.6 seconds (to 3 s.f.)

b.

𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
Frequency density calculations = band width

20 – 30 band : 38/10 = 3.8

30 – 35 band: 27/5 = 5.4 40 – 60 band: 16/20 = 0.8

35 – 40 band: 21/5 = 4.2 60 – 100 band: 18/40 = 0.45

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7. Two points: A (-2 , -3) C (1 , 9)

Δ𝑦 9− −3 12
a. Gradient of line AC = = = 4
Δ𝑥 1− −2 3

Choose either of the two points, say point C.

Method I
𝑦−9
 = 4
𝑥−1

 𝑦 − 9 = 4(𝑥 − 1)

∴ 𝑦 = 4𝑥 – 4 + 9 = 4𝑥 + 5

Method II
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
 9 = (4)(1) + c
 c=9–4 = 5
∴ 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 5

b. Let the acute angle between the 𝑥 −axis and AC be 𝜃

tan 𝜃 = gradient of AC = 4
 𝜃 = tan−1 4 = 75.96° = 76.0° (correct to 1 d.p.)

c.
(i) Diagonals of a kite are perpendicular to each other
 Gradient m2 of a line from B (3.5 , 2) perpendicular to AC is given by 4m2 = −1
1
 m2 = − 4 = −0.25
Alternative method
We are already given the intersection point (-0.5 , 3) we can calculate the gradient
Δ𝑦 2−3 −1 1
= = = − 4 = −0.25
Δ𝑥 3.5− −0.5 4

(Please note: the point of intersection of perpendiculars could be calculated even if it hadn’t been provided)

Using either of the two points B (3.5 , 2) or (-0.5 , 3), equation of diagonal BD is:

Method I
𝑦−2 1
 = −
𝑥−3.5 4

1
 𝑦 − 2 = − 4 (𝑥 − 3.5)

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1 7 1 23
∴ 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 8 + 2 = −4𝑥 + 8

Method II
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
1
 3 = (− 4)(−0.5) + 𝑐
1 7 23
 𝑐 = 3– = 28 =
8 8
1 23
∴ 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 8

Δ𝑦
(ii) Gradient of BD Δ𝑥
 ∆𝑦 = 𝑦 − 3 = 3 − 2 = 1 ∴ 𝑦=4

 ∆𝑥 = 𝑥 − −0.5 = −0.5 − 3.5 = −4 ∴ 𝑥 = −4.5

Please refer to diagram if the reasoning here is not clear

Therefore, the coordinates of D are (−4.5 , 4)

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8. Angelo’ bag of counters

a. 3 white and 𝑥 black Total = 3 + 𝑥
(i) Two taken without replacement

W WW
3
3+𝑥 W
B WB

W BW

𝑥
B
3+𝑥

B BB
𝑥 −1
2+𝑥

𝑥 𝑥−1
The probability that Angelo picks two black counters = 𝑝(BB) = 𝑥+3 × 𝑥+2

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(ii) Given p(BB) = 7/15

(a)
𝑥 𝑥−1 7
 × =
𝑥+3 𝑥+2 15

 15𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 7(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 2)

 15𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 = 7(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6) = (7𝑥 2 + 35𝑥 + 42)

 8𝑥 2 − 50𝑥 − 42 = 0 divide by 2

∴ 4𝑥 2 − 25𝑥 − 21 = 0 Q.E.D.

(b) 4𝑥 2 − 25𝑥 − 21 = 0

 (4𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 7) = 0

3
∴ 𝑥 = 7 or 𝑥= −
4

(c) ∴ the number of black counters = 𝑥 is 7

b. Esme’s bag of counters

5 green and 4 red Total number = 9
Three counters taken without replacement

3
7 G
4 G
5 8
9 G

4 R
9 3 R
8 2 R
7

Probability that the three counters are all the same colour = p(GGG) + p(RRR)

5 4 3 4 3 2
=( × × )+( × × )
9 8 7 9 8 7

5 2 7
= + 42 =
42 42

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1 C
= 6

9.
(a)

26° 108° 72°

A 58 m D B

AD AC CD
(i) Sine Rule: = sin(108°) = sin(26°)
sin 𝐶

58 𝐴𝐶
 = angles in a triangle add up to 180° (triangle ADC)
sin(180° −108° −26° ) sin(108° )

58 sin 108° 0.9510565

 AC = = 58 × 0.7193398 = 58 × 1.32212 = 76.683
sin 46°

∴ AC = 76.7m (correct to 1 d.p.) Q.E.D.

AB
(ii) = cos(26° )
AC

58 sin 108°
 AB = AC cos(26° ) = × cos 26° = 76.6832 × 0.89879 = 68.922
sin 46°
AB = AD + DB
∴ DB = 68.922 – 58 = 10.922 = 10.9 m (to 3 s.f.)
E

(b) Triangle EFG with area = 70 m2

(i) Let EF = 𝑥
 FG = 2𝑥

F G
1
area of triangle EFG = (EF) ∙ (FG) ∙ sin 𝐸𝐹́ 𝐺 = 70 m2
2

1
 (𝑥) ∙ (2𝑥) ∙ sin 40° = 70m2
2

70m2 70
 𝑥 2 = sin 40° = m2 = 108.9 m2 take square roots of both sides
0.642788

∴ 𝑥 = 10.4355 m = 10.4 m (to 3 s.f.)

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(ii) Given another triangle PQR with sides PQ : QR = 1 : 2 => QR = 2PQ

1 1
area of triangle PQR = area of EFG = 2 (PQ) ∙ (QR) ∙ sin PQ́R = 70 m2 = (EF) ∙ (FG) ∙ sin 𝐸𝐹́ 𝐺
2
But PQ = EF => QR = FG
Therefore, angle PQR is equal to angle EFG 40°
Triangles PQR and EFG are congruent (SAS – side, angle, side)

-4 -4 -4
10.
(a) sequence: 19, 15, 11, 7, ……………..

the first term 𝑎 = 19

the difference between consecutive terms 𝑑 = −4

(i) the next two terms in the sequence are (3 , −1)

(ii) the nth is given by 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑

= 19 + (𝑛 − 1)(−4) = 19 − 4𝑛 + 4 = 23 − 4𝑛
Alternatively,
Since the difference between successive numbers is -4, the number which comes before the first one is 19 +
4 = 23. So,
1st term is 23 – 4(1)
2nd term is 23 – 4(2)
3rd term is 23 – 4(3) and so on.
Therefore, the nth term is 23 – 4(𝑛) = 23 – 4𝑛.

(iii) Given that the 𝑛th term is −65

 23 – 4𝑛 = −65
 4𝑛 = 88 ∴ n = 22

(b) Given another sequence with 𝑛𝑡ℎ term = 2𝑛2 + 5𝑛 – 15

 5th term is 2(5)2 + 5(5)– 15 = 50 + 25 − 15 = 60, and
 4th term is 2(4)2 + 5(4)– 15 = 32 + 20 − 15 = 37
∴ the difference (d) between the 4th and 5th terms is 60 – 37 = 23

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