IOT VUC Han Linn Htun

Table of Contents
What is Internet of Thing?.............................................................................................................3
Some IOT device and functionality................................................................................................ 3
Architecture Layers of Internet of Things......................................................................................4
Perception Layer........................................................................................................................ 5
Network Layer........................................................................................................................... 5
Middleware Layer...................................................................................................................... 5
Application Layer....................................................................................................................... 5
Business Layer............................................................................................................................5
IOT development Tools..................................................................................................................6
Arduino...................................................................................................................................... 6
Flutter........................................................................................................................................ 6
Tessel 2...................................................................................................................................... 6
Eclipse IoT.................................................................................................................................. 7
PlatformIO................................................................................................................................. 7
IOT development Hardware...................................................................................................... 7
Arduino...................................................................................................................................... 7
Raspberry Pi............................................................................................................................... 7
IoT development API..................................................................................................................... 8
Garmin Health API..................................................................................................................... 8
Google Assistant API.................................................................................................................. 8
Withings API...............................................................................................................................8
Home Assistant API....................................................................................................................8
Unofficial Tesla Model S API...................................................................................................... 9
The Impact of IOT.......................................................................................................................... 9
Negative impact.........................................................................................................................9
Positive impact...........................................................................................................................9
Standard IOT architecture (4 stages)...........................................................................................10
IOT Framework............................................................................................................................ 11
ThingSpeak...............................................................................................................................11

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Thinger.io................................................................................................................................. 12
Tools of IOT..................................................................................................................................12
Arduino.................................................................................................................................... 12
Arduino features......................................................................................................................12
Arduino Benefits...................................................................................................................... 13
PlatformIO............................................................................................................................... 14
Hardware Of IOT.......................................................................................................................... 14
Raspberry Pi............................................................................................................................. 14
Arduino.................................................................................................................................... 15
Software Development Life-Cycle................................................................................................15
IOT Architecture.......................................................................................................................... 17
Framework...............................................................................................................................17
Tools and Hardware.................................................................................................................17
Different Problem solving............................................................................................................18
IOT Architecture.......................................................................................................................... 18
Framework...............................................................................................................................18
Tools and Hardware.................................................................................................................18
Different Problem solving............................................................................................................19
Specific Forms of IoT Architecture...............................................................................................19
Bibliography................................................................................................................................. 21

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Internet of Thing
The IoT brings the power of the internet, data processing and analytics to the real world of
physical objects. For consumers, this means interacting with the global information network
without the intermediary of a keyboard and screen; many of their everyday objects and
appliances can take instructions from that network with minimal human intervention.
The basic elements of the IoT are devices that gather data. Broadly speaking, they are internet-
connected devices, so they each have an IP address. They range in complexity from
autonomous vehicles that haul products around factory floors to simple sensors that monitor
the temperature in buildings. They also include personal devices like fitness trackers that
monitor the number of steps individuals take each day. To make that data useful it needs to be
collected, processed, filtered and analyzed, each of which can be handled in a variety of ways.
Collecting the data is done by transmitting it from the devices to a gathering point. Moving the
data can be done wirelessly using a range of technologies or on wired networks. The data can
be sent over the internet to a data center or a cloud that has storage and compute power or
the transfer can be staged, with intermediary devices aggregating the data before sending it
along.
(Fruhlinger, 2020)

Some IOT device and functionality

Cars with Distance sensor
Car proximity sensors do very much what say on the “tin”– they sense when the vehicle gets
close to an object. How they work is less straightforward, with different types of sensors using
different methods to help the driver avoid any nasty bumps.
Ultrasonic sensors, for example, use a type of sonar. Using echo-times from sound waves that
bounce off nearby objects, the sensors can identify how far away the vehicle is from said object,
and alert the driver the closer the vehicle gets. Electromagnetic sensors create an
electromagnetic field around the bumper, and offer an alert whenever objects enter it.
(Stevenson, 2020)

Fire Alarm Detector

Some of fire alarm detector are

 Heat detectors
 Smoke detectors

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Heat Detector
Heat detector can either work on a fixed temperature basis, where it will trigger an alarm if the
temperature exceeds a pre-set value or they can work on the rate of change in temperature.
Commonly Heat detectors work in a similar way to an electrical fuse, the detectors contain a
eutectic alloy which is heat sensitive when a certain temperature is reached the alloy turns
from a solid to a liquid which in turn triggers the alarm.
Smoke detector
In the Light obscuring smoke detector, smoke interferes with a light beam between a light
source and photocell. The photocell measures the amount of light it receives. The variation in
photocell output, is being used to initiate an alarm. This type of detection can be used to
protect large areas with the light source and photocell positioned some distance apart. (What is
a Fire Alarm System? (Fire Detection System) | RealPars, 2020)

Smart Door Lock

The door locks that need to be used by an app to open the door are controlled by Bluetooth.
Inside the door, the Bluetooth door locks are mounted and controlled using an app that is
custom-built for opening or closing the door. The main function of the Bluetooth door locks is
simply to open or close the door without having to carry keys and can open or close the door
anywhere at any time as long as the door locks are connected to the app.
Motion Sensor
A motion sensor (or motion detector) is an electronic device that is designed to detect and
measure movement. Motion sensors are used primarily in home and business security systems.
For example, motion sensors can be used to activate floodlights, trigger audible alarms, activate
switches, and even alert the police. There are two types of motion sensors: active motion
sensors and passive motion sensors. Active sensors have both a transmitter and a receiver. This
type of sensor detects motion by measuring changes in the amount of sound or radiation
reflecting back into the receiver. (What is a Motion Sensor?, 2020)
Explore various forms of IoT functionality. P1 achieved.

Architecture Layers of Internet of Things

When project work is done with various cutting-edge technologies and broad application area,
5-layer architecture is considered as best. 5 Layer model can be considered as an extension to
the basic architecture of IoT because it has two additional layers to the basic model. 5 Layer
Architecture of Internet of Things-

 Perception Layer
 Network Layer
 Middleware Layer

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 Application Layer
 Business Layer

Perception Layer

This is IoT architecture's first layer. Numerous sensors and actuators are used in the perception
layer to collect useful information such as temperature, moisture content, detection of
intruders, sounds, etc. The main function of this layer is to obtain information from the
environment and to transfer information to another layer in order to be able to perform certain
actions on the basis of that information.

Network Layer

It is the binding layer between vision and middleware, as the name implies. Using networking
technologies such as 3G, 4G, UTMS, Wi-Fi, infrared, etc. it gets data from the awareness layer
and transfers data to the middleware layer. This is often referred to as the communication layer
since the communication between vision and the middleware layer is responsible for it. All the
data transmission carried out safely keeping the details collected confidential.

Middleware Layer

Middleware Layer has advanced features such as storage, computation, processing capabilities
for action taking. It stores all data sets and gives suitable data to that device based on the
device address and name. It can also take decisions based on data-set measurements obtained
from sensors.

Application Layer

The application layer manages all application process based on information obtained from
middleware layer. This application involves sending emails, activating alarm, security system,
turn on or off a device, smartwatch, smart agriculture, etc.

Business Layer

The success of any device does not depend only on technologies used in it but also how it is
being delivered to its consumers. Business layer does these tasks for the device. It involves
making flowcharts, graphs, analysis of results, and how device can be improved, etc.
(5 Layer Architecture of Internet of Things - GeeksforGeeks, 2020)

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IOT development Tools

Arduino

Arduino is an open-source prototyping and simple-to-use IoT platform. Arduino operates

through a set of hardware specifications that can be applied to interactive electronics. The
software of Arduino comes in the form of the Arduino programming language and Integrated
Development Environment (IDE).

Flutter

This programmable processor core is designed for electronic projects of students and
engineers. This Arduino-based platform incorporates a wireless transmitter that displays up to
more than a half-mile. Moreover, don’t need a router, as flutter boards can communicate with
one another rapidly.
It comprises 256-bit AES encryption and it’s easy to use. Some of the features of Flutter
incorporate:

 Native and rapid performance

 Visual finish and performance of current widgets
 Flexible and expressive UI

Tessel 2

This is a hardware provider that can be used to build basic IoT solutions and prototypes. Tessel
2 lends a helping hand through its numerous sensors and modules. This is a board which can
hold up to a dozen modules including the RFID, camera, GPS and the accelerometer.
All those Java developers who are proficient with Node.JS can use this device as Tessel can be
programmed using Node.JS. This way, Tessel can be used to churn out a host of server and
hardware firmware IoT solutions.
It comes with two processors, the Tessel hardware makes use of a 580MHz Mediatek MT7620n
and 48MHz Atmel SAMD21 coprocessor. While one can be used to run firmware applications at
a rapid speed, the other finds its use in exercising better input/output control and the efficient
management of power.

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Eclipse IoT

If IoT developer are ordained to build IoT devices, Cloud platforms and Gateways, then Eclipse
IoT can be top bet. Recognized as a collaboration of various companies and individuals who are
striving towards the development and establishment of IoT open technologies. Allowing to
develop, promote and adopt open source IoT technologies, Eclipse IoT is an instrument that can
help to gain technical expertise. Simply look into the vast assembly of services and projects
delivered by the Eclipse team and all covered.

PlatformIO

Next in the list of top IoT development tools and platforms is PlatformIO which is a cross-
platform IoT development environment. This platform comes with a build system, supported by
a library manager and IDE. The best part of PlatformIO is that it is compatible with more than
200 boards. Coming with a wonderful debugging integration, PlatformIO is conspicuous of a
serial port monitor.

IOT development Hardware

Arduino

Arduino will be one of the first IoT hardware to come in mind when thinking about building a
simple connected device. Arduino microcontrollers are open-source hardware which means
that basically anyone can build it. There’s a wide range of Arduino versions including the most
popular Arduino Uno, Arduino YUN with enabled Wi-Fi connectivity and Arduino MKR family
that offers multiple wireless connectivity options such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa, SigFox and
Narrowband IoT.
Apart from hardware, Arduino offers IDE (integrated development environment) and recently
released Pro IDE for easier and faster coding. The platform has a well-established community,
online software tools, various development kits, Arduino IoT Cloud and other resources for
building connected devices.

Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi are originally small fully-fledged computers with a range of connectivity options, a
processor and up to 8GB of memory storage. It’s much more powerful and speedy than other
IoT boards and can handle complex functionality including data-heavy audio and video
streaming.
Just like Arduino, Raspberry Pi has its own community, accessory set, set-up and
troubleshooting guides and multiple resources for developers. However, Raspberry Pi is closed-
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source hardware, so to build a Pi-based application, developer will need to use the boards,
accessories and kits offered by the producer. (Top 10 Popular IoT Development Tools, 2020)

IoT development API

1. Garmin Health API
2. Google Assistant API
3. Withings API
4. Home Assistant API
5. Unofficial Tesla Model S API

Garmin Health API

Garmin Health APITrack this API enables developers to leverage health and activity data
collected from Garmin wearables. There are methods available to collect data about steps,
sleep, calories, heart rate, stress, intensity minutes, body composition and more. Thirty types of
activity are monitored including running, cycling, paddle boarding, swimming and more.

Google Assistant API

Google Assistant can be embedded into devices to enable voice control, hotword detection,
natural language understanding, and other intelligence services. The Google Assistant APITrack
this API provides a way to manage and converse with devices. Google Assistant enables voice
control over phone applications, speakers, smart displays, automobiles, watches, laptops, TV,
and other Google Home devices (including Nest). Users can do Google searches about weather,
sports, traffic, news, flights, add reminders, manage tasks, control smart home devices, and
much more with this API and SDKs.

Withings API

Withingsis a company focusing on the development of connected measuring devices, such as

scales and blood pressure monitors, that can send health information directly to the internet.
Withings Body metrics Services API (WBS API) Track this API is a set of webservices allowing
developers and third parties limited access to users' data about activity, heart ECG (or EKG).
sleep cycles, and more.

Home Assistant API

Home Assistant is an open-source home automation platform that tracks and controls devices
at home. The Home Assistant REST API Track this API provides access to data methods for the
Home Assistant control service. It allows to return the current configuration, return basic
information about the Home Assistant instance, return all data needed to bootstrap, return an

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array of event objects and more. The Home Assistant Server Events Streaming API allows users
to consume server-sent events. And a Home Assistant WebSocket service is also available.

Unofficial Tesla Model S API

Tesla Model S JSON APITrack this API is not an official Tesla API, however it is based on the Tesla
Model S and it provides documentation used by the iOS and Android apps. This API can help
developers in the auto industry to go beyond controlling just one car since logged in users can
add several vehicles at a time. Unofficial Tesla Model S API works like a remote control from a
mobile phone, with vehicle controls to charge the car, flash the lights, honk the horn and get
status reports about battery charge and open doors. (Impact of 'Internet of Things (IoT)' on our lives
~ Group Discussion Ideas, 2020)

Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT
development. P2 achieved.

The Impact of IOT

Negative impact

Security is the major concern. An enormous amount of data now needs to be encrypted and
protected from the hackers. Also, a time will come when the privacy of people will be highly
challenged.
In the present world scenario, require Arduino IoT kit for running any of the sensor-based
application which is quite expensive in the market. This means the concept of IoT doesn’t
support compatibility in terms of USB connectivity.
IoT is encouraging the over-reliance of technology, our present generation has grown up with
the presence of a worldwide network of the internet where everything is so easily attainable
overly dependent on internet and for every decision, People now trust the technology more
than our cognitive thinking.
In this weird world where humans have found a way of measuring the stress level much
before their brains tell them, counting the number of people in the room, turning on to a
particular channel on TV, knowing the areas where the plant needs the water accurately can
now be done using the Internet of Things. This has been widely spreading leaving its imprints
on millions of people. A new era has now entered our lives where a man is a slave of technology
which is ironically developed the for making human’s work simpler.

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Positive impact

Today, People can have things like chairs, beds, cars and music system connected directly to the
internet. This can be done simply by using sensor connected devices to our physical
environment.
This will soon be high on demand because of its irresistible features such as ultra-low-cost with
absolutely zero maintenance cost. Apart from this, it is different from the other emerging
technologies having Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning, we need not have the required
computer science skills. People don’t have to be an expert to use it.
Talking in terms of healthcare, IOT has now reached all verticals one can imagine by developing
wearable sensor gadget for monitoring fitness, diet, medication management etc.It has made
the lives of physically disabled and senior citizens simpler since they have to live independently.
IoT can be widely used for monitoring the vibrations in the building, monuments, bridges, and
dams during the natural calamity such as earthquakes or tsunamis. This could be huge help to
control any natural disaster beforehand
With one tab on the IoT device, people can open our house gates, control the intensity of the
light and set them dim, unlock our cars, slide the curtains and the list is endless. This makes up
upgrade our standards of living. This could be useful for protecting our houses and lockers from
thievery. (Impact of 'Internet of Things (IoT)' on our lives ~ Group Discussion Ideas, 2020)

Standard IOT architecture (4 stages)

Stage 1. Networked things (wireless sensors and actuators)
The outstanding feature about sensors is their ability to convert the information obtained in the
outer world into data for analysis. In other words, it’s important to start with the inclusion of
sensors in the 4 stages of an IoT architecture framework to get information in an appearance
that can be actually processed.
For actuators, the process goes even further — these devices are able to intervene the physical
reality. For example, they can switch off the light and adjust the temperature in a room.
Because of this, sensing and actuating stage covers and adjusts everything needed in the
physical world to gain the necessary insights for further analysis.
Stage 2. Sensor data aggregation systems and analog-to-digital data conversion
Even though this stage of IoT architecture still means working in a close proximity with sensors
and actuators, Internet getaways and data acquisition systems (DAS) appear here too.
Specifically, the later connect to the sensor network and aggregate output, while Internet
getaways work through Wi-Fi, wired LANs and perform further processing.

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The vital importance of this stage is to process the enormous amount of information collected
on the previous stage and squeeze it to the optimal size for further analysis. Besides, the
necessary conversion in terms of timing and structure happens here. In short, Stage 2 makes
data both digitalized and aggregated.
Stage 3. The appearance of edge IT systems
During this moment among the stages of IoT architecture, the prepared data is transferred to
the IT world. In particular, edge IT systems perform enhanced analytics and pre-processing
here. For example, it refers to machine learning and visualization technologies. At the same
time, some additional processing may happen here, prior to the stage of entering the data
center.
Likewise, Stage 3 is closely linked to the previous phases in the building of an architecture of
IoT. Because of this, the location of edge IT systems is close to the one where sensors and
actuators are situated, creating a wiring closet. At the same time, the residing in remote offices
is also possible.
Stage 4. Analysis, management, and storage of data
The main processes on the last stage of IoT architecture happen in data center or cloud.
Precisely, it enables in-depth processing, along with a follow-up revision for feedback. Here, the
skills of both IT and OT (operational technology) professionals are needed. In other words, the
phase already includes the analytical skills of the highest rank, both in digital and human
worlds. Therefore, the data from other sources may be included here to ensure an in-depth
analysis.
After meeting all the quality standards and requirements, the information is brought back to
the physical world — but in a processed and precisely analyzed appearance already. (4 Stages of
IoT architecture explained in simple words, 2020)

IOT Framework

ThingSpeak

Price: from $ 650 /unit

ThingSpeak is a relatively young IoT platform that tightly collaborates with MathWorks. This
gives the possibility to leverage from timely MATLAB data analysis from numberless sensors.
The platform comprises:

 live data streams aggregation and analytics;

 data recording from public channels to be further used in newly created private
channels;
 assignment of public channels to share data;

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 visualization of collected data;

 updates of channel feed via the REST and MQTT APIs;
 MATLAB® online analytical tools for exploring patterns and relationships;
 TimeControl function that enables event-triggered alerts.
Positive impact of ThingSpeak
Thingspeak is best open source IOT platform. User can send IOT device sensor data to cloud in a
few minutes using thingspeak IOT cloud platform. Thingspeak provide rest for send IOT device
sensor data to cloud so user don’t need to spend more time on backend services for send and
store IOT device sensor data to cloud because all backend service is very well managed by
Thingspeak. User can visualize our real-time streaming data with thingspeak matlab widgets.
Thingspeak allow to create private and public channel we can send email invite to any user for
view our private channel.
Negative impact of ThingSpeak
Thingspeak not support MQTT protocol for send IOT device sensor data to Thingspeak cloud.
Thingspeak support old technique http protocol rest of for send IOT device sensor data to
cloud. Thingspeak not provide dynamic beautiful widgets for visualize sensor data in real-time.

Thinger.io

Price: from € 3.95 / month

Thinger.io is an open source ready-to-go platform for cloud IoT projects. This software enables
deployment through Docker containerization methods. Among its beneficial features there are:

 smooth multi-hardware integration;

 hardware support of Arduino IDE, Linux, Sigfox andARM Mbed boards;
 easy-to-use cloud admin console;
 live data streaming to websockets;
 device data visualization in the cloud via real-time dashboards;
 support of both iOS and Android mobile apps;
 IFTTT event-triggered settings for multiple IoT devices (5 Best Open Source IoT
Frameworks | ByteAnt, 2020)

Tools of IOT

Arduino

Arduino is an open-source prototyping and simple-to-use IoT platform. Arduino operates

through a set of hardware specifications that can be applied to interactive electronics. The

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software of Arduino comes in the form of the Arduino programming language and Integrated
Development Environment (IDE).

Arduino features

 Sketch Editing Tools

 Libraries
 Serial Monitor
 Programmer Functions
 Burn Bootloader
 Sketches Management
 Sharing
 Auto Format
 User Preferences
 Fix Encoding & Reload
 Board Selection & Management
 Project Documentation
 Sketch Archive
 Port Menu
 Sketchbook
 Sketches Management

Arduino Benefits

Board Module Options

The tool is armed with a board management module, wherein users can choose which board
they want to use. If another board is needed, they can seamlessly select another option from
the dropdown menu. PORT data is updated automatically whenever modifications are made on
the board or if a new board is chosen.
Direct Sketching
Arduino IDE lets users can come up with sketches from within its text editor. The process simple
and straightforward. What’s more, the text editor has additional features that promote a more
interactive experience.
Documentation
The tool gives users an option to have their projects documented. The feature makes it possible
for them to track their progress and be aware of any changes made. In addition, documentation
lets other programmers utilize the sketches on their very own boards.
Sketch Sharing
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Arduino IDE allows users to share their sketches to other programmers. Each sketch comes with
their own online link for users to share with their colleagues or friends. This feature is only
available in the cloud version.
Integrated Libraries
The software has hundreds of integrated libraries. These libraries were made and openly shared
by the Arduino community. Users can take advantage of this for their own projects without
involving third-party installations. (Arduino IDE Review: Pricing, Pros, Cons & Features |
CompareCamp.com, 2020)

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PlatformIO

Next in the list of top IoT development tools and platforms is PlatformIO which is a cross-
platform IoT development environment. This platform comes with a build system, supported by
a library manager and IDE. The best part of PlatformIO is that it is compatible with more than
200 boards. Coming with a wonderful debugging integration, PlatformIO is conspicuous of a
serial port monitor.
Key features

 IDE
 Build system
 Unified debugger and library manager
 Support for more than 400+ development boards, 20+ development platforms, and
more than 10+ frameworks
 Rapid professional development with built-in C/C++ Intelligent Code Completion, Smart
Code Linter, and advanced Serial Port monitor
 PlatformIO can be integrated with the popular IDEs and continuous integration systems
to speed up time to delivering IoT applications
PlatformIO might just be the fastest IoT development platform, perhaps with the exception of
Arduino. It allows developers to write their code and not care how the underlying libraries are
written or how the IDE compiles the source code. Moreover, there is no need to set up a tool
chain because PlatformIO downloads everything user need the first time use it.
Another big plus is PlatformIO's solid reference material; there is lots of good documentation
throughout GitHub and the PlatformIO site. (IoT Development Platform: PlatformIO, 2020)

Hardware of IOT

Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi are originally small fully-fledged computers with a range of connectivity options, a
processor and up to 8GB of memory storage. It’s much more powerful and speedy than other
IoT boards and can handle complex functionality including data-heavy audio and video
streaming.
Just like Arduino, Raspberry Pi has its own community, accessory set, set-up and
troubleshooting guides and multiple resources for developers. However, Raspberry Pi is closed-

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source hardware, so to build a Pi-based application, developer will need to use the boards,
accessories and kits offered by the producer.

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IOT VUC Han Linn Htun

Arduino

Arduino will be one of the first IoT hardware to come in mind when thinking about building a
simple connected device. Arduino microcontrollers are open-source hardware which means
that basically anyone can build it. There’s a wide range of Arduino versions including the most
popular Arduino Uno, Arduino YUN with enabled Wi-Fi connectivity and Arduino MKR family
that offers multiple wireless connectivity options such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa, SigFox and
Narrowband IoT.
Apart from hardware, Arduino offers IDE (integrated development environment) and recently
released Pro IDE for easier and faster coding. The platform has a well-established community,
online software tools, various development kits, Arduino IoT Cloud and other resources for
building connected devices.

Software Development Life-Cycle

SDLC is a process followed for a software project, within a software organization. It consists of a
detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or enhance specific
software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of software and the
overall development process.
The following figure is a graphical representation of the various stages of a typical SDLC.

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A typical Software Development Life Cycle consists of the following stages −

Stage 1: Planning and Requirement Analysis
Requirement analysis is the most important and fundamental stage in SDLC. It is performed by
the senior members of the team with inputs from the customer, the sales department, market
surveys and domain experts in the industry. This information is then used to plan the basic
project approach and to conduct product feasibility study in the economical, operational and
technical areas.
Planning for the quality assurance requirements and identification of the risks associated with
the project is also done in the planning stage. The outcome of the technical feasibility study is
to define the various technical approaches that can be followed to implement the project
successfully with minimum risks.
Stage 2: Defining Requirements
Once the requirement analysis is done the next step is to clearly define and document the
product requirements and get them approved from the customer or the market analysts. This is
done through an SRS (Software Requirement Specification) document which consists of all the
product requirements to be designed and developed during the project life cycle.
Stage 3: Designing the Product Architecture
SRS is the reference for product architects to come out with the best architecture for the
product to be developed. Based on the requirements specified in SRS, usually more than one
design approach for the product architecture is proposed and documented in a DDS - Design
Document Specification.
This DDS is reviewed by all the important stakeholders and based on various parameters as risk
assessment, product robustness, design modularity, budget and time constraints, the best
design approach is selected for the product.
A design approach clearly defines all the architectural modules of the product along with its
communication and data flow representation with the external and third party modules (if any).
The internal design of all the modules of the proposed architecture should be clearly defined
with the minutest of the details in DDS.
Stage 4: Building or Developing the Product
In this stage of SDLC the actual development starts and the product is built. The programming
code is generated as per DDS during this stage. If the design is performed in a detailed and
organized manner, code generation can be accomplished without much hassle.

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Developers must follow the coding guidelines defined by their organization and programming
tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers, etc. are used to generate the code. Different high
level programming languages such as C, C++, Pascal, Java and PHP are used for coding. The
programming language is chosen with respect to the type of software being developed.
Stage 5: Testing the Product
This stage is usually a subset of all the stages as in the modern SDLC models, the testing
activities are mostly involved in all the stages of SDLC. However, this stage refers to the testing
only stage of the product where product defects are reported, tracked, fixed and retested, until
the product reaches the quality standards defined in the SRS.
Stage 6: Deployment in the Market and Maintenance
Once the product is tested and ready to be deployed it is released formally in the appropriate
market. Sometimes product deployment happens in stages as per the business strategy of that
organization. The product may first be released in a limited segment and tested in the real
business environment (UAT- User acceptance testing).
Then based on the feedback, the product may be released as it is or with suggested
enhancements in the targeting market segment. After the product is released in the market, its
maintenance is done for the existing customer base. (SDLC - Overview - Tutorialspoint, 2020)
Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs in the software
development life cycle. M1 achieved.

Review specific forms of IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs for different problem-
solving requirements. M2 achieved.

IOT Architecture

Sensor Devices Framework User

Framework

Arduino

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Tools and Hardware

 Arduino Uno
 Breadboard
 Ultrasonic Sensor
 Buzzer 2x
 LED

Different Problem solving

1. Blind stick System
The blind stick is made of IOT base Arduino. This blind stick uses an ultrasonic sensor to
measure the distance of object. In general, the device will alert blind people of the
obstacles through the audio output through which they can walk safely without any problem.
2. Water Level Alerting System
Liquid level monitoring system designed in a way that users can remotely check the level of the
liquid. It has vast applications in the industrial sector where the user needs to monitor the level
of liquid, whether it is below the mark of overflowing. Theft detection, usage of chemical and
leak detection is some of the usages of the liquid level monitoring system. Ultrasonic,
Conductive, and float sensors are some of the few sensors for a monitoring system.

IOT Architecture
Sensor Devices Framework User

Framework

Arduino

Tools and Hardware

 Arduino Uno
 Breadboard
 Temperature sensor
 Buzzer 2x
 LED

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IOT VUC Han Linn Htun

Different Problem solving

1. Thermometer
When using a temperature sensor, the body temperature of a person can be measured without
touching. So, by measuring the body temperature one can identify whether that person is in
good condition or not. Not only the body temperature but also the temperature of water or any
kind of food can be measured by using thermometer.

2. Weather Station
Most important useful part of the temperature is weather measurement because it can
measure weather in various conditions such as, hot, cold, rain, Storm. Most importantly this
sensor can detect storm or sea surface temperature if it is coming. With require tool and
hardware, meteorologist can monitor on their devices through internet at any time such as
temperature unit, graph etc.

Specific Forms of IoT Architecture

If user want to make an IOT devices, the first thing to choose is the IOT architecture,
Framework and Hardware. IOT architecture are sensor, Wi-Fi network and Bluetooth. The
framework used to this is termed as the IoT framework, this framework consists all the required
capabilities for the cloud support and other needs which is needed to satisfy the IoT
technology, few of the common IoT frameworks that are used frequently are Arduino and
Thingspeak.
It also uses sensors to make IOT devices. Some of the most famous sensor are Temperature
Sensor, Pressure Sensor, Proximity Sensor, Accelerometer and Gyroscope Sensor, IR Sensor,
Optical Sensor, Gas Sensor, Smoke Sensor. The choose of the sensors depends on the devices.
If developer create fire alert, developer choose smoke sensor or temperature. If developer
create car parking alert and blind stick, the developer chooses ultrasonic, IR proximity and laser
distance sensor. Most small IOT project use Ultrasonic sensor because this sensor is low cost
and Not affected by object color and transparency as it detects distance through sound waves.
Blynk is often used to control IOT devices from phone. Blynk is a Platform with iOS and Android
apps to control Arduino, Raspberry Pi and the likes over the Internet. It's a digital dashboard
where user can build a graphic interface for your project by simply dragging and dropping
widgets. If developer create a blind stick, the developer will choose this hardware. Hardware is
an Arduino Uno, Breadboard, Ultrasonic Sensor, Buzzer, LED. First the ultrasonic sensor, 2
buzzers, led should be attached to breadboard then we should connect these components to
Arduino by wires after that the circuit should be attached to a stick with a tape.

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IOT VUC Han Linn Htun

Many microcontrollers are available, such as Node MCU, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and more. It is
cheaper and built into Wi-Fi as well, but there is less power supply. Where the Arduino
microcontroller is a cheaper option but not Wi-Fi designed. Arduino outputs 5 voltage. When
using Raspberry Pi, it is very costly to use this microcontroller as a small project so that it is so
expansive. Together with the wireless Wi-Fi module, the Arduino UNO microcontroller is
selected to communicate wirelessly from a distance a cell phone. The ultrasonic sensor
calculates the distance of the object. Then the object is very near the buzzer make the sound to
avoid the object. And the phone received Mail or sound to the nearest family member.

Evaluate specific forms of IoT architecture and justify their use when designing software
applications. D1 achieved.

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IOT VUC Han Linn Htun

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