GEO SMART PLANNING

Ministry of Road Transport and Highway Division

Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh

Feasibility Study for Improvement of Important District

Highways to Appropriate Level of Standard and Width
(Khulna Circle)

October, 2023

GEO SMART PLANNING

 Executive Summary

Bangladesh had one of the world's fastest-growing economies during the preceding
decade. Infrastructure development in several areas, including transportation, is being
carried out throughout the country to attain economic prosperity and the title of a developed
country. Traffic congestion is, nevertheless, quite typical in Bangladeshi cities and has
become a routine occurrence. After the grand opening of Padma Bridge, the dream project
of this nation, communication between the south-west region and the capital city Dhaka
has grown significantly, and interactions have increased at their peak. Khulna, Bagerhat,
and Satkhira are the main administrative headquarters to face the direct impact of the
Padma Bridge on this region.
The proposed road, 17 zilla roads, is not adequate in width to call a highway and
accommodate the upcoming demand of this region to connect with the capital city Dhaka.
The AADT data indicates significant motorized traffic, particularly auto rickshaws, and
motorcycles, dominating the roadways in most areas. Heavy and medium trucks also
contribute to the traffic load, while non-motorized transport is comparatively lower. Notably,
zones like Z-7043, Z-7603, Z-7704, and several others exhibit remarkably intense traffic
loads, signalling imminent congestion issues and potential gridlocks. As this busy road is
very narrow, two vehicles running side by side face difficulty overtaking. Driving on the
existing road can cause the vehicle to overturn at any time by breaking the edge of the
bituminous road. Also, the road has dangerous bends, leading to fatal accidents. However,
it is a matter of sorrow that, since the construction of the National Highway today, no
important activities have been undertaken to develop the highway. The influence of the
mentioned highway in the expansion of trade and commerce is immense. However, the
road's narrowness cannot fulfil the expected role in meeting the increased demand as a
national highway. Improvement of these 17 zilla roads (120 Km) will cost approximately
24025.312 million BDT, including surfacing, land acquisition, engineering works, protective
work, tree uprooting, and plantation.
The feasibility has been carried out to assess the project's economic and financial viability.
After a rigorous assessment, it is found that the project is not financially viable as it is a
service-sector project. However, from the economic point of view, the project is extremely
viable as the economic NPV = Tk. 20,396.63 Lac, IRR = 29% and BCR = 1.20. As a result,
financial profit/benefit will not be available from the project, i.e., financial net present value
(NPV) becomes negative, the financial benefit distress ratio (BCR), and financial internal
rate of return (IRR) are zero. However, considering the Vehicle Operating Cost and Travel
Time Cost Savings, users' economic profit/benefit will be achieved. Based on this
economic analysis, the project is feasible.
In light of the factors above, it is imperative to widen the proposed 17 zilla roads of Khulna-
Bagerhat-Satkhira to a width of 18 to 34 feet in order to boost economic activity in the
south-west region, promote business, safe traffic, prevent accidents, and lessen human
suffering.

GEO SMART PLANNING

Contributors

1. Md. Sajadul Alam

Team Leader & GIS Specialist, Geo Smart Planning
Masters in Urban and Rural Planning, Khulna University.
Bachelor in Urban and Rural Planning, Khulna University.
2. Asif Ahmed
Town Planner, Geo Smart Planning
Bachelor in Urban and Rural Planning, Khulna University.
3. Mohammad Belal Hosen
Civil Engineer (Design Expert), Geo Smart Planning.
BSc in Civil Engineering, International University of Business Agriculture &
Technology.
4. Md. Almas Uddin Riad
Junior Town Planner (EIA, SIA Expert), Geo Smart Planning
Bachelor in Urban and Rural Planning, Khulna University.
5. Santonu Sarker Santo
Junior Town Planner (Data Analyst), Geo Smart Planning
Bachelor in Urban and Rural Planning, Khulna University
6. Md. Mohibul Hasan Moonshad
Junior Town Planner (GIS Analyst), Geo Smart Planning
Bachelor in Urban and Rural Planning, Khulna University.

GEO SMART PLANNING

 Date: 03 October, 2023

To
Executive Engineer
Roads and Highways Department,
Bagerhat, Satkhira, Khulna

Subject: Submission of Final Report on "Improvement of Important District Highways to

Appropriate Level of Standard and Width (Khulna Circle)".

Dear Sir,
The final report on "Improvement of Important District Highways to Appropriate Level of
Standard and Width (Khulna Circle)" is prepared and submitted for your reference.
Please accept our submission and oblige thereby.

Sincerely,

(Md. Sajadul Alam)

Managing Director
Geo Smart Planning, Khulna.

GEO SMART PLANNING

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1: BASIC INFORMATION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

SECTION 2: INTRODUCTION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

2.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE FEASIBILITY STUDY----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
2.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF THE FEASIBILITY STUDY --------------------------------------------- 5
2.3.1 Study Team ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6
2.3.2 Limitations of the study ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.3.3 Topographical Survey ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.3.4 Datum Height and Coordinates ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
2.3.5 Benchmark Establishment ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
2.3.6 Equipment and Software Used ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
2.3.7 Topographic Detail Survey (Planimetric) ----------------------------------------------------------- 7
2.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE FEASIBILITY STUDY ------------------------------------------------------------------ 8
2.5 CROSS-SECTION AND LONGITUDINAL PROFILE-------------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.5.1 Cross-section & Longitudinal Profile for Khulna Region ---------------------------------------- 9
2.5.1.1 Pavement Design of Z-7040 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.5.1.2 Pavement Design of Z-7615 --------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.5.1.3 Pavement Design of Z-7603 --------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.5.1.4 Pavement Design of Z-7043 --------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.5.2 Cross-section & Longitudinal Profile for Bagerhat Region ------------------------------------20
2.5.2.1 Pavement Design of Z-7045 --------------------------------------------------------------------20
2.5.2.2 Pavement Design of Z-7701 --------------------------------------------------------------------22
2.5.2.3 Pavement Design of Z-7704 --------------------------------------------------------------------24
2.5.2.4 Pavement Design of Z-7714 --------------------------------------------------------------------24
2.5.2.5 Pavement Design of Z-7716 --------------------------------------------------------------------28
2.5.2.6 Pavement Design of Z-7801 --------------------------------------------------------------------29
2.5.2.7 Pavement Design of Z-8409 --------------------------------------------------------------------31
2.5.3 Cross-section & Longitudinal Profile for Satkhira Region --------------------------------------33
2.5.3.1 Pavement Design of Z-7552 --------------------------------------------------------------------33
2.5.3.2 Pavement Design of Z-7610 --------------------------------------------------------------------36
2.5.3.3 Pavement Design of Z-7613 --------------------------------------------------------------------37
2.5.3.4 Pavement Design of Z-7618 --------------------------------------------------------------------39
2.5.4 Accessibility and Limitations --------------------------------------------------------------------------42
2.5.5 Data Collection -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
2.5.6 Topographic Survey ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42

SECTION 3: MARKET/DEMAND ANALYSIS -----------------------------------------------------------------43

3.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43

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3.2 RELEVANCE OF THE PROJECT IDEA --------------------------------------------------------------------------44

3.3 PROPOSED PROJECT INTERVENTIONS -----------------------------------------------------------------------45
3.3.1 Observation Based on Major Intersection ---------------------------------------------------------46
3.3.1.1 Intersection Observation on Z-7040 -----------------------------------------------------------46
3.3.1.1.1 Ferry Ghat Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------------------46
3.3.1.1.2 Barakpur Bazar Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------------47
3.3.1.1.3 Gazir Hat Mor Intersection -----------------------------------------------------------------48
3.3.1.1.4 Terokhada Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------------------49
3.3.1.2 Intersection Observation on Z-7045 (Khulna Portion) ------------------------------------50
3.3.1.2.1 Katenga Bazar Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------------50
3.3.1.2.2 Tetokhada Bus Stand Mor Intersection -------------------------------------------------51
3.3.1.3 Intersection Observation on Z-7043 -----------------------------------------------------------52
3.3.1.3.1 Chourangi Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------------------52
3.3.1.3.2 Shahpur Bazar Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------------53
3.3.1.3.3 Fultala Bus Stand Mor Intersection ------------------------------------------------------54
3.3.1.4 Intersection Observation on Z-7045 (Bagerhat Portion) ---------------------------------55
3.3.1.4.1 Fokirhat Dagbangla Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------55
3.3.1.4.2 Madrasha Ghat Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------------56
3.3.1.4.3 Chowronggir Mor Intersection ------------------------------------------------------------57
3.3.1.5 Intersection Observation on Z-8409 -----------------------------------------------------------58
3.3.1.5.1 Fokirapul Mor Intersection -----------------------------------------------------------------58
3.3.1.6 Intersection Observation on Z-7704 -----------------------------------------------------------59
3.3.1.6.1 Bangla Bazar Mor Intersection -----------------------------------------------------------59
3.3.1.6.2 Kuniya Bus Stand Mor Intersection ------------------------------------------------------60
3.3.1.7 Intersection Observation on Z-7801 -----------------------------------------------------------61
3.3.1.7.1 Upazila Mor Intersection -------------------------------------------------------------------61
3.3.1.8 Intersection Observation on Z-7714 -----------------------------------------------------------62
3.3.1.8.1 Majhi Barir Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------------------62
3.3.1.9 Intersection Observation on Z-7716 -----------------------------------------------------------63
3.3.1.9.1 Vasha Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------------------------63
3.3.1.9.2 Shialkathi Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------------------64
3.3.1.10 Intersection Observation on Z-7618 ---------------------------------------------------------65
3.3.1.10.1 Shyamnagor Char Rasta Mor Intersection -------------------------------------------65
3.3.1.10.2 Hostel Mor -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------66
3.3.1.10.3 Sankorkati Hatkhola Mor Intersection -------------------------------------------------67
3.3.1.10.4 Gobindopur Bazar Mor Intersection----------------------------------------------------68
3.3.1.11 Intersection Observation on Z-7552 ---------------------------------------------------------69
3.3.1.11.1 Kolaroa Mor Intersection -----------------------------------------------------------------69
3.3.1.11.2 Kolagaci Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------------------70
3.3.1.11.3 Saroskati Chourasta Mor Intersection -------------------------------------------------71

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3.3.1.12 Intersection Observation on Z-7610 ---------------------------------------------------------72

3.3.1.12.1 Firoj Chairman Barir Mor Intersection -------------------------------------------------72
3.3.1.13 Intersection Observation on Z-7613 ---------------------------------------------------------73
3.3.1.13.1 Tala Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------------------------73
3.3.1.13.2 Majhiara Bazar Intersection --------------------------------------------------------------74
3.3.1.13.3 Paikgacha Road and Z-7613 Crossing Intersection -------------------------------75
3.3.2 Observation on Ponds ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------76
3.3.2.1 Observation of Ponds for Khulna Region ----------------------------------------------------76
3.3.2.1.1 Observation on Z-7040 ---------------------------------------------------------------------76
3.3.2.1.2 Observation on Z-7045 ---------------------------------------------------------------------76
3.3.2.2 Observation of Ponds for Bagerhat Region -------------------------------------------------77
3.3.2.2.1 Observation on Z-7716 ---------------------------------------------------------------------77
3.3.2.2.2 Observation on Z-7714 ---------------------------------------------------------------------77
3.3.2.2.3 Observation on Z-7045 ---------------------------------------------------------------------78
3.3.2.2.4 Observation on Z-7801 ---------------------------------------------------------------------79
3.3.2.2.5 Observation on Z-7704 ---------------------------------------------------------------------80
3.3.2.3 Observation of Ponds for Satkhira Region --------------------------------------------------81
3.3.2.3.1 Observation on Z-7610 ---------------------------------------------------------------------81
3.3.2.3.2 Observation on Z-7552 ---------------------------------------------------------------------81
3.3.2.3.3 Observation on Z-7618 ---------------------------------------------------------------------81
3.3.3 Services in The Project Area -------------------------------------------------------------------------82
3.3.4 Positive Impact of The Project -----------------------------------------------------------------------82
3.3.5 Possible Adverse Effects of The Project -----------------------------------------------------------82
3.3.6 Areas That are Not Expected to Have a Major Impact -----------------------------------------83
3.3.7 Proposed Project Intervention ------------------------------------------------------------------------84
3.3.7.1 Consistency with SDG and 8th Fiver Year Plan --------------------------------------------84
3.3.7.1.1 Consistency with SDG ----------------------------------------------------------------------85
3.3.7.1.2 Consistency with Eighth Five-Year Plan -----------------------------------------------85
3.4 STAKEHOLDERS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------86
3.4.1 The Objective of Public/Stakeholders Consultation ---------------------------------------------86
3.5 DEMAND ANALYSIS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------87
3.6 SWOT ANALYSIS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------88

SECTION 4: TECHNICAL/TECHNOLOGICAL & ENGINEERING ANALYSIS -----------------------89

4.1 LOCATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------89

4.2 TECHNICAL DESIGN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91
4.2.1 Road Inventory and Pavement Condition ---------------------------------------------------------91
4.2.1.1 Carriageway and Roadway Width -------------------------------------------------------------92
4.2.1.2 Surfacing Type -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------92
4.2.1.3 Shoulder ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------93
4.2.1.4 Embankment Height ------------------------------------------------------------------------------93

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4.2.1.5 Right of Way ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------93

4.2.1.6 Road Signs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------93
4.2.1.7 Pavement Condition Survey --------------------------------------------------------------------93
4.2.1.8 Shoulder Condition --------------------------------------------------------------------------------95
4.2.2 Design Criteria for Roads ------------------------------------------------------------------------------96
4.2.2.1 Design Standards ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------96
4.2.3 Road Design ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------96
4.2.3.1 Design Speed ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------96
4.2.3.2 Horizontal Alignment ------------------------------------------------------------------------------96
4.2.3.3 Vertical Alignment ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------98
4.2.3.4 Crossfall ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------98
4.2.3.5 Super-elevation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------98
4.2.3.6 Design Levels ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------99
4.2.4 Riverbank and Slope Protection Works ------------------------------------------------------------99
4.2.5 Pavement Design----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------99
4.2.5.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------99
4.2.5.2 Design Conditions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
4.2.6 Road Ancillary Facilities ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
4.2.6.1 Bus Bays and Stopping Places --------------------------------------------------------------- 101
4.2.6.2 Drains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
4.2.6.3 Barriers --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
4.3 OUTPUT PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
4.4 COSTS ESTIMATES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
4.5 IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINE---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
4.6 TRAFFIC SURVEY AND ANALYSIS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
4.6.1 Traffic Survey and Forecast ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102
4.6.2 Traffic Survey and Design Traffic ------------------------------------------------------------------ 102
4.6.3 Origin and Destination (O-D) Survey ------------------------------------------------------------- 103
4.6.4 Traffic Volume Survey Design ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 103
4.7 AADT DATA FOR 17 ZILLA ROAD KHULNA CIRCLE ------------------------------------------------------ 104
4.7.1 AADT for Khulna Region ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
4.7.1.1 AADT for Z-7040 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
4.7.1.2 AADT for Z-7045 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105
4.7.1.3 AADT for Z-7615 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
4.7.1.4 AADT for Z-7043 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 107
4.7.1.5 AADT for Z-7603 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109
4.7.2 AADT for Bagerhat Region -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110
4.7.2.1 AADT for Z-8409 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110
4.7.2.2 AADT for Z-7801 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111
4.7.2.3 AADT for Z-7716 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 112

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4.7.2.4 AADT for Z-7718 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 113

4.7.2.5 AADT for Z-7701 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115
4.7.2.6 AADT for Z-7704 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 116
4.7.2.7 AADT for Z-7045 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117
4.7.2.8 AADT for Z-7714 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 118
4.7.3 AADT for Satkhira Region --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119
4.7.3.1 AADT for Z-7618 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119
4.7.3.2 AADT for Z-7552 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
4.7.3.3 AADT for Z-7610 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 121
4.7.3.4 AADT for Z-7613 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122

SECTION 5: ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, CLIMATE RESILIENCE, AND DISASTER

RISK ANALYSIS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND DISASTER RISK ANALYSIS -------------------------------- 125
5.1.1 EIA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125
5.1.2 Scopes of EIA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 125
5.1.3 Methodology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 126
5.1.4 Limitations of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 126
5.2 ASSESSMENT OF DISASTER RESILIENCE OF THE PROJECT -------------------------------------------- 127
5.2.1 Physio-Chemical Environment --------------------------------------------------------------------- 127
5.2.1.1 Geology and Seismicity ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 127
5.2.1.2 Geology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127
5.2.1.3 Soil Characteristics ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 128
5.2.1.4 Seismicity ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 128
5.2.1.5 Climate --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 130
5.2.1.6 Cyclone and Tidal Surge ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 130
5.2.1.7 Floods ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
5.2.1.8 Ground Water Quality -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
5.2.1.9 Surface Water Quality -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
5.2.1.9.1 Khulna ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
5.2.1.9.2 Bagerhat ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
5.2.1.9.3 Satkhira --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
5.2.1.10 Ecological Environment----------------------------------------------------------------------- 133
5.2.1.10.1 Floral Diversity ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 134
5.2.1.10.2 Tree ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 134
5.2.1.10.3 Herb ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135
5.2.1.10.4 Reptiles ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135
5.2.1.10.5 Mammals ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135
5.2.2 Checklist of Environmental Components -------------------------------------------------------- 136
5.2.3 Environmental Impacts Evaluation ---------------------------------------------------------------- 137
5.2.3.1 Environmental Impact Evaluation Methodology ------------------------------------------ 137

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5.2.3.2 Environmental Impact Matrix ------------------------------------------------------------------ 138

5.2.4 Environmental Impacts Mitigation ----------------------------------------------------------------- 144
5.2.4.1 Mitigation of Impacts ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 144
5.2.5 Environmental Monitoring --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 154
5.2.5.1 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 154
5.2.5.2 Compliance Monitoring ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 158
5.2.5.3 Implementation of Environmental Monitoring Plan -------------------------------------- 159

SECTION 6: COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS -------------------------------------------------------------------- 160

6.1 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160

6.1.1 Net present value (NPV) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160
6.1.2 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 161
6.1.3 Benefit-Cost Ration (BCR) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 162
6.2 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 163
6.2.1 Net present value (NPV) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 163
6.2.2 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 164
6.2.3 Benefit-Cost Ration (BCR) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 164
6.3 MAJOR EXPENSES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF 17 ZILLA ROADS -------------------------------------- 166
6.4 MAJOR EXPENSES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF KHULNA RHD 5 ZILLA ROADS---------------------- 172
6.4.1 Z-7040 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 174
6.4.2 Z-7043 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 176
6.4.3 Z-7045 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 179
6.4.4 Z-7603 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 181
6.4.5 Z-7613 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 183
6.5 MAJOR EXPENSES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF BAGERHAT RHD 8 ZILLA ROADS ------------------ 186
6.5.1 Z-7701 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 189
6.5.2 Z-7801 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 191
6.5.3 Z-7714 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 193
6.5.4 Z-7716 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 195
6.5.5 Z-7704 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 196
6.5.6 Z-7045 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 198
6.5.7 Z-8409 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200
6.5.8 Z-7718 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 202
6.6 MAJOR EXPENSES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF SATKHIRA RHD 8 ZILLA ROADS ------------------- 205
6.6.1 Z-7613 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 207
6.6.2 Z-7610 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 208
6.6.3 Z-7552 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 210
6.6.4 Z-7618 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 211

SECTION 7: HUMAN RESOURCES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT ANALYSIS (DURING

IMPLEMENTATION AND POST IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT) ------------------------- 214

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7.1 INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 214

7.2 ORGANIZATION CHART OF RHD ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 215
7.3 LABOR STANDARDS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 215
7.4 SOCIAL CONFLICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 216
7.5 IMPACTS ON CONFLICT OF LABOR INFLUX----------------------------------------------------------------- 216
7.6 CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR ANY UNEVEN SITUATION ----------------------------------------------- 217
7.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY --------------------------------------------------------------------- 217
7.8 ARRANGEMENT OF STOCKPILE------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 219
7.9 WORK CAMPS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 219

SECTION 8: INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS ------------------------------------------------- 221

SECTION 9: RISK (UNCERTAINTY) AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS -------------------------------- 224

9.1 SIGNIFICANT RISKS THAT MAY AFFECT THE PROJECT: ------------------------------------------------- 224
9.2 CATEGORIZED THE RISK EVENT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 224
9.3 POSSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES NEEDED: ------------------------------------------------------------- 225

SECTION 10: ALTERNATIVE/OPTIONS ANALYSIS ----------------------------------------------------- 227

SECTION 11: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION ----------------------------------------------- 228

11.1 FEEDBACK, SUGGESTIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PARTICIPANTS --------------------- 228

11.2 RECOMMENDATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 229
11.2.1 Recommendation for Khulna Region ----------------------------------------------------------- 229
11.2.2 Recommendation for Satkhira Region ---------------------------------------------------------- 231
11.2.3 Recommendation for Bagerhat Region --------------------------------------------------------- 232
11.3 CONCLUSION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 235
11.3.1 Technical Considerations -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 235
11.3.2 Road Safety Considerations ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 235
11.3.3 Environmental Considerations -------------------------------------------------------------------- 236
11.3.4 Social Considerations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 236
11.3.5 Economic and Financial Considerations ------------------------------------------------------- 236

SECTION 12: ANNEXES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 237

12.1 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY DESIGN FOR KHULNA REGION -------------------------------------------- 237

12.1.1 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7040 --------------------------------------------------------- 237
12.1.2 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7045 --------------------------------------------------------- 267
12.2 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY DESIGN FOR BAGERHAT REGION ----------------------------------------- 279
12.2.1 Topographic Survey Design of Z-8409 --------------------------------------------------------- 279
12.2.2 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7801 --------------------------------------------------------- 292
12.2.3 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7704 --------------------------------------------------------- 315
12.2.4 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7701 --------------------------------------------------------- 323
12.2.5 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7045 --------------------------------------------------------- 329
12.2.7 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7714 --------------------------------------------------------- 334

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12.2.8 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7716 --------------------------------------------------------- 345

12.3 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY DESIGN FOR SATKHIRA REGION ------------------------------------------ 356
12.3.1 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7618 --------------------------------------------------------- 356
12.3.2 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7552 --------------------------------------------------------- 374
12.3.3 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7610 --------------------------------------------------------- 383
12.3.4 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7613 --------------------------------------------------------- 399
12.4 SURFACE INVENTORY --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 410
12.5 SHOULDER INVENTORY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 412
12.6 BRIDGE INVENTORY ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 414
12.7 LOW LANDS INVENTORY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 416
12.8 PONDS INVENTORY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 418

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List of Tables
Table 1-1: Basic Information ........................................................................................... 1
Table 3-1: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7045).................................. 76
Table 3-2: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7716).................................. 77
Table 3-3: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7714).................................. 77
Table 3-4: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7045).................................. 78
Table 3-5: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7801).................................. 79
Table 3-6: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7704).................................. 80
Table 3-7: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7610).................................. 81
Table 3-8: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7552).................................. 81
Table 3-9: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7552).................................. 81
Table 3-10: Areas That are Not Expected to Have a Major Impact ................................ 83
Table 3-11: Stakeholders and Their Roles .................................................................... 86
Table 4-1: Lane Configuration ....................................................................................... 92
Table 4-2: Surfacing Type ............................................................................................. 92
Table 4-3: Pavement Condition Criteria......................................................................... 94
Table 4-4: Pavement Condition Survey ......................................................................... 94
Table 4-5: Shoulder Inventory Survey ........................................................................... 95
Table 4-6: Design Standard .......................................................................................... 96
Table 4-7: Geometric Design Criteria ............................................................................ 96
Table 4-8: Minimum Curve Radius (meters) .................................................................. 97
Table 4-9: Minimum Design Transition Length (m) ........................................................ 97
Table 4-10: Extra Carriageway Widths on Curves (m) ................................................... 97
Table 4-11: Minimum Vertical Curve "K values" ............................................................ 98
Table 4-12: Minimum Super-elevation requirements (%) ............................................... 98
Table 4-13: Vehicle Equivalency Factors .................................................................... 100
Table 4-14: AADT Calculation for Z-7040 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 104
Table 4-15: Traffic Survey for Z-7040 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 104
Table 4-16: AADT Calculation for Z-7045 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 105
Table 4-17: Traffic Survey for Z-7045 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 105
Table 4-18: AADT Calculation for Z-7615-1(Dacope-Barobaria-Magurkhali), Z-7615-2
(Magurkhali-Tala Road) (Obtain from RHD) ................................................................. 106
Table 4-19: Traffic Survey for Z-7615-1(Dacope-Barobaria-Magurkhali), Z-7615-2
(Magurkhali-Tala Road) (Conducted by Consultant) .................................................... 107
Table 4-20: AADT Calculation for Z-7043 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 107
Table 4-21: Traffic Survey for Z-7043 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 108

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Table 4-22: AADT Calculation for Z-7603-1 (Satkhira-Asasuni), Z-7603-2 (Goaldanda-

Paikgacha Road) (Obtain from RHD) ........................................................................... 109
Table 4-23: Traffic Survey for Z-7603-1 (Satkhira-Asasuni), Z-7603-2 (Goaldanda-
Paikgacha Road) (Conducted by Consultant) .............................................................. 109
Table 4-24: AADT Calculation for Z-8409 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 110
Table 4-25: Traffic Survey for Z-8409 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 110
Table 4-26: AADT Calculation for Z-7801 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 111
Table 4-27: Traffic Survey for Z-7801 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 111
Table 4-28: AADT Calculation for Z-7716 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 112
Table 4-29: Traffic Survey for Z-7716 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 113
Table 4-30: AADT Calculation for Z-7718 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 113
Table 4-31: Traffic Survey for Z-7718 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 114
Table 4-32: AADT Calculation for Z-7701(Obtain from RHD) ...................................... 115
Table 4-33: Traffic Survey for Z-7701 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 115
Table 4-34: AADT Calculation for Z-7704 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 116
Table 4-35: Traffic Survey for Z-7704 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 116
Table 4-36: AADT Calculation for Z-7045 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 117
Table 4-37: Traffic Survey for Z-7045 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 118
Table 4-38: Traffic Survey for Z-7014 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 118
Table 4-39: AADT Calculation for Z-7618 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 119
Table 4-40: Traffic Survey for Z-7618 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 119
Table 4-41: AADT Calculation for Z-7552 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 120
Table 4-42: Traffic Survey for Z-7552 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 120
Table 4-43: AADT Calculation for Z-7610 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 121
Table 4-44: Traffic Survey for Z-7610 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 122
Table 4-45: AADT Calculation for Z-7613 (Obtain from RHD) ..................................... 122
Table 4-46: Traffic Survey for Z-7613 (Conducted by Consultant) ............................... 123
Table 5-1: Physio-Chemical Environmental Components Likely to be Impacted ......... 136
Table 5-2: Biological Environmental Components Likely to be Impacted ..................... 136
Table 5-3: Human Environmental Components Likely to be Impacted......................... 136
Table 5-4: Environmental Impact Matrix ...................................................................... 138
Table 5-5: Mitigation Impact ........................................................................................ 144
Table 5-6: Monitoring Plan .......................................................................................... 155
Table 6-1: Financial NPV Calculation .......................................................................... 161
Table 6-2: Financial IRR Calculation ........................................................................... 162
Table 6-3: Financial BCR Calculation .......................................................................... 162
Table 6-4: Economical NPV Calculation ...................................................................... 163

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Table 6-5: Economical IRR Calculation ....................................................................... 164

Table 6-6: Economical BCR Calculation ...................................................................... 164
Table 6-7: Criteria Table.............................................................................................. 165
Table 6-8: Major Expenses for the Improvement of 17 Zilla Roads ............................. 166
Table 6-9: Total Cost for Khulna RHD 5 Zilla Roads ................................................... 172
Table 6-10: Cost Breakdown for Z-7040...................................................................... 174
Table 6-11: Cost Breakdown for Z-7043...................................................................... 176
Table 6-12: Cost Breakdown for Z-7045...................................................................... 179
Table 6-13: Cost Breakdown for Z-7603...................................................................... 181
Table 6-14: Cost Breakdown for Z-7040...................................................................... 183
Table 6-15: Total Cost for Bagerhat RHD of 5 Zilla Roads .......................................... 186
Table 6-16: Cost Breakdown for Z-7701...................................................................... 189
Table 6-17: Cost Breakdown for Z-7801...................................................................... 191
Table 6-18: Cost Breakdown for Z-7714...................................................................... 193
Table 6-19: Cost Breakdown for Z-7040...................................................................... 195
Table 6-20: Cost Breakdown for Z-7040...................................................................... 196
Table 6-21: Cost Breakdown for Z-7045...................................................................... 198
Table 6-22: Cost Breakdown for Z-8409...................................................................... 200
Table 6-23: Cost Breakdown for Z-7718...................................................................... 202
Table 6-24: Total Cost for Satkhirat RHD of 5 Zilla Roads........................................... 205
Table 6-25: Cost Breakdown for Z-7613...................................................................... 207
Table 6-26: Cost Breakdown for Z-7610...................................................................... 208
Table 6-27: Cost Breakdown for Z-7552...................................................................... 210
Table 6-28: Cost Breakdown for Z-7618...................................................................... 211
Table 8-1: Example of Legal Issues ............................................................................ 222
Table 9-1: Risk events and their categories................................................................. 224

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List of Figures
Figure 2-1: Methodology of Feasibility Study ------------------------------------------------------- 5
Figure 2-2: Organogram of Geo Smart Planning -------------------------------------------------- 9
Figure 2-3: Flexible Pavement’s Cross-Section and Longitudinal Profile for Z-7040 ------ 9
Figure 2-4: Plan of Rigid pavement 2+600 to 3+000,3+800 to 4+100, 5+000 to 5+500,
16+300 to 16 +500, 26+700 to 25+900, 28+700 to 29+200------------------------------------ 11
Figure 2-5: Flexible Pavement Design of Z-7615 ------------------------------------------------ 12
Figure 2-6: Plan of Flexible Pavement for Z-7603 ----------------------------------------------- 13
Figure 2-7: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7603 -------------------------------------------------- 15
Figure 2-8: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7043 ----------------------------------------------- 17
Figure 2-9: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7043 -------------------------------------------------- 19
Figure 2-10: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7045 --------------------------------------------- 20
Figure 2-11: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7045 ------------------------------------------------- 21
Figure 2-12: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7701 --------------------------------------------- 22
Figure 2-13: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7704 --------------------------------------------- 24
Figure 2-14: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7714 --------------------------------------------- 25
Figure 2-15: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7714 ------------------------------------------------- 27
Figure 2-16: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7716 --------------------------------------------- 28
Figure 2-17: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7801 --------------------------------------------- 29
Figure 2-18: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7801 ------------------------------------------------- 30
Figure 2-19: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-8409 --------------------------------------------- 31
Figure 2-20: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-8409 ------------------------------------------------- 32
Figure 2-21: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7552 --------------------------------------------- 33
Figure 2-22: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7552 ------------------------------------------------- 36
Figure 2-23: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7613 --------------------------------------------- 37
Figure 2-24: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7610 --------------------------------------------- 37
Figure 2-25: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7613 ------------------------------------------------- 39
Figure 2-26: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7618 ------------------------------------------------- 41
Figure 3-1: SWOT Analysis --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
Figure 4-1: Location of Khulna Circle Road ------------------------------------------------------- 89
Figure 4-2: SN Calculation Formula ---------------------------------------------------------------- 99
Figure 5-1: Proposed Project Site on Soil Track Map of Bangladesh ---------------------- 128
Figure 5-2: Proposed Project Site and Earthquake Zone of Bangladesh ----------------- 129
Figure 5-3: Locations of the Proposed Project Site on Bangladesh's Cyclone and Flood
Affected Risk Map --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
Figure 5-4: Word Scales for Various Scenarios ------------------------------------------------- 138

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Figure 7-1: Organization Chart of RHD ----------------------------------------------------------- 215

List of Pictures
Picture 3-1: Ferry Ghat Mor Intersection----------------------------------------------------------- 46
Picture 3-2: Barakpur Bazar Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------- 47
Picture 3-3: Gazir Hat Mor Intersection ------------------------------------------------------------ 48
Picture 3-4:Terokhada Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------------- 49
Picture 3-5: Katenga Bazar Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------- 50
Picture 3-6: Tetokhada Bus Stand Mor Intersection -------------------------------------------- 51
Picture 3-7: Chourangi Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------------- 52
Picture 3-8: Shahpur Bazar Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------- 53
Picture 3-9: Fultala Bus Stand Mor Intersection ------------------------------------------------- 54
Picture 3-10: Fokirhat Dagbangla Mor Intersection --------------------------------------------- 55
Picture 3-11: Madrasha Ghat Mor Intersection --------------------------------------------------- 56
Picture 3-12: Chowronggir Mor Intersection ------------------------------------------------------ 57
Picture 3-13: Fokirapul Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------------- 58
Picture 3-14: Bangla Bazar Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------- 59
Picture 3-15: Kuniya Bus Stand Mor Intersection------------------------------------------------ 60
Picture 3-16: Upazila Mor Intersection ------------------------------------------------------------- 61
Picture 3-17: Majhi Barir Mor Intersection --------------------------------------------------------- 62
Picture 3-18: Vasha Mor Intersection -------------------------------------------------------------- 63
Picture 3-19: Shialkathi Mor Intersection ---------------------------------------------------------- 64
Picture 3-20: Shyamnagor Char Rasta Mor Intersection -------------------------------------- 65
Picture 3-21: Hostel Mor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66
Picture 3-22: Sankorkati Hatkhola Mor Intersection--------------------------------------------- 67
Picture 3-23: Gobindopur Bazar Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------- 68
Picture 3-24: Kolaroa Mor Intersection ------------------------------------------------------------- 69
Picture 3-25: Kolagaci Mor Intersection ------------------------------------------------------------ 70
Picture 3-26: Saroskati Chourasta Mor Intersection -------------------------------------------- 71
Picture 3-27: Firoj Chairman Barir Mor Intersection --------------------------------------------- 72
Picture 3-28: Tala Mor Intersection ----------------------------------------------------------------- 73
Picture 3-29: Majhiara Bazar Intersection --------------------------------------------------------- 74
Picture 3-30: Paikgacha Road and Z-7613 Crossing Intersection --------------------------- 75

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ABBREVIATIONS

AADT = Annual Average Daily Traffic

AOA = Analysis of Alternatives
BCCSAP = Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan
BIWTA = Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority
BWDB = Bangladesh Water Development Board
BECA = Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act
BMD = Bangladesh Meteorological Department
BOQ = Blood on Quilt
CE = Chief Engineer
CIP = Country Investment Plan
DAE = Department of Agricultural Extension
DG = Director General
DoE = Department of Environment
DMP = Dust Management Plan
DPHE = Department of Public Health Engineering
DPP = Development Project Proposal
DSS = Decision Support System
EASL = Equivalent Single Axle Load
ECC = Environmental Clearance Certificate
ECR = Environment Conservation Rules
EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment
ELA = Experiential Learning Activity
EMOP = Environmental Management Operating Plan
EMoP = Environmental Monitoring Plan
EMP = Environmental Management Plan
ESIA = Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ETP = Effluent Treatment Plant
FDI = Foreign Direct Investment
FGD = Focus Group Discussion
GBM = Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna

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GoB = Government of Bangladesh

HAZMAT = Hazardous Materials
HSE Training = Health, Safety, and Environment Training
IEE = Initial Environmental Examination
ILO = International Labour Organization
MCC = Manual Classified Traffic Count
MIM = Management Information & Monitoring
MIS = Management Information System
MORTB = Ministry of Road, Transport and Bridges
MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area
MSDS = Material safety data sheet
NAPA = National Adaption Program of Action
NEMAP = National Environmental Management Action Plan
NGO = Non-governmental Organization
NMT = Non-Motorized Traffic
NOC = No Objection Certificate
PD = Project Director
PIU = Project Implementation Unit
PM = Prime Minister
PMU = Project Management Unit
PPE = Personal Protective Equipment
RHD = Roads and Highway Department
SCC = Site Clearance Certificate
SEC = Society for Environment and Climate
SMVT = Slow Moving Vehicular Traffic
SPM = Suspended Particulate Matter
TPRAP = Tree Plantation and Replacement Program
ToR = Terms of Reference
VKT = Vehicle-Kilometers Traveled
VMT = Vehicle Miles Traveled
WTP = Water Treatment Plant

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List of Roads for Conducting Feasibility Study:

RHD Road Name Road Code

Khulna Dighalia(Ralighate)- Arua- Gazirhate- Tarokhada Road Z-7040

Khulna Tarokhada-Mollahate Road Z-7045

Khulna Dacope-Barobaria-Magurkhali-Tala Road Z-7615

Khulna Fultola-Shapur-Miximil-Dumuria Road Z-7043

Khulna Satkhira-Asasuni-Goaldanda-Paikgacha Road Z-7603

Bagerhat Fakirhat (Diabari)-Madrasha Ghat-Mollahat (Boalia) Road Z-8409

Bagerhat Chitalmari-Fakirhat (Faltita) Road Z-7801

Bagerhat Kachua (Pingoria)-Talighati-Herma-Rampal Road Z-7718

Bagerhat Pirojpur-Nazirpur-Matibhanga-Patgati-Gonapara Road Z-7704

Bagerhat Morelganj (CARE Bazar) -Mongla Road Z-7701

Bagerhat Terakhada-Mollahat Road Z-7045

Bagerhat Depara-Kachua Road Z-7714

Bagerhat Nazirpur-Kachua Road Z-7716

Satkhira Assasuni-Shamnagar Z-7618

Satkhira Keshob Sharoskathi kalaroa Z-7552

Satkhira Koyra-Noabeki-Shamnagar Z-7610

Satkhira Tala Islamkathi Sujansha Patkhelghata Z-7613

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Section 1: Basic Information

Table 1-1: Basic Information
Feasibility Study for Improvement of
Important District Highways to Appropriate
1 Name of the Project :
Level of Standard and Width (Khulna
Circle)
Ministry of Road Transport and
A. Sponsoring
Bridges/Road Transport and Highways
Ministry/Division
2 : Division

B. Implementing Agency Roads and Highways Division

i. To reduce traffic congestion within Khulna

District by improving and widening the
existing road to a two-lane.
ii. To establish better road connectivity to
accommodate increased traffic after the
3 Project Objectives : inauguration of the Padma bridge, including
considering future traffic growth.
iii. To provide a safe, time-saving, and cost-
effective road network.
iv. Detailed socio-economic and engineering
investigation to examine technical feasibility
and environmental viability.
Estimated Project Cost
4 : 81,393.56 (Lac) BDT; 120 Km (17 nos Road)
(Taka in Crore)
Transportation, Environment, Financial &
5 Sector & Sub-Sector : Economic, Water Resources, Local
Government.
Project Category (Based on
6 Environment Conservation Green Category
Rules 1997)
Project
Geographic
Location :
(a) Bangladesh
(a) Countrywide
(b) Division : (b) Khulna
(c) District : (c) Khulna, Bagerhat, Satkhira
7 Dighalia, Terokhada, Dacope, Paikgacha,
Khulna :
Dumuria, Fultala
(d) Upazila Bagerhat Sadar, Chitalmari, Fakirhat, Kachua,
Bagerhat :
Mollahat, Mongla, Morrelganj, Rampal*
Satkhira : Kalaroa, Tala, Shyamnagar
(e) Others (City
:
Corporation/Paurashava)
8 Project Duration : 3 (Three) Years

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Section 2: Introduction

2.1 Project Background

Urban transportation challenges involve interconnected issues (Dimitrion, 1992). Due to

the rapid growth of metropolitan areas, providing transportation services for people is
becoming increasingly challenging (Kolak and Wach, 2018). Traffic congestion is a
significant global issue due to increased population density, infrastructure construction,
motor vehicle use, and ridesharing and delivery service activity (Afrin and Yodo, 2020). It
adversely affects a city's culture, economy, and environment by squandering energy and
time, lowering productivity, creating pollution stress, and restricting urban economic growth
(Huang et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2019).

The past decade has witnessed Bangladesh's economic growth soaring remarkably,
positioning the nation among the world's fastest-growing economies. As it fervently
pursues the coveted status of a developed nation, strategic investments have been
channelled into various sectors, particularly infrastructure development. Within this
landscape, transportation infrastructure has emerged as a linchpin for progress. The
inauguration of the Padma Bridge, a monumental project, has unfurled new dimensions of
connectivity between the bustling capital, Dhaka, and the vibrant south-west region.

This newfound connectivity has resonated profoundly within the administrative epicentres
of Khulna, Bagerhat, and Satkhira, which are steadfast guardians of this dynamic realm.
Khulna, the third-largest city in Bangladesh, occupies a dual role as both a district and
divisional headquarters. As a strategic nucleus, Khulna is indispensable by orchestrating
communication networks spanning myriad directions. In tandem, the strategic significance
of Bagerhat, often hailed as the "front door" to the south-west, is accentuated by the
presence of the Mongla sea-port. Consequently, Bagerhat's stature has surged,
underscoring the exigency for comprehensive enhancements in transportation
infrastructure that can seamlessly facilitate the movement of goods, resources, and human
capital. Echoing this narrative, Satkhira's prominence is articulated through its twin roles
as a significant shrimp producer and the site of the Vomra land port. These dual attributes
precipitate the pressing need for robust transportation links that bridge this vibrant region
with Dhaka's economic heart.

However, these transformative prospects are juxtaposed with various challenges intrinsic
to the prevailing road infrastructure, including the proposed 17 zilla roads in the Khulna-
Bagerhat-Satkhira region. Designed as connectivity conduits, these roads fail to meet the

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rigorous standards prescribed for highways. This discrepancy manifests as debilitating

traffic congestion, vexing traffic bottlenecks, and a dearth of capacity to absorb burgeoning
traffic volumes. Further compounding these woes is the narrow width of these roads,
exacerbating issues of overtaking and adding fuel to the flames of traffic congestion. This
terrain of challenges is exacerbated by treacherous bends along these roads, intensifying
the risk of accidents with grave consequences.

Against this backdrop, underutilizing the region's economic potential becomes

conspicuous. Despite the strategic significance and latent impact on trade, commerce, and
regional growth, the limitations of these roads hinder their transformative role. This stark
realization underscores the unequivocal necessity for a comprehensive feasibility study,
spotlighting the expansion of the proposed 17 zilla roads in the Khulna-Bagerhat-Satkhira
region. This study, spanning the dimensions of technical feasibility, economic viability,
environmental considerations, and social ramifications, is poised to evolve into the bedrock
for informed decision-making. Its ultimate goal is to chart a trajectory that converges
seamlessly with Bangladesh's roadmap towards development and prosperity.

In culmination, escalating economic growth, strategic connectivity, and regional

development set the stage for monumental infrastructure upliftment within Bangladesh's
south-west sector. The Padma Bridge has been the harbinger of enhanced connectivity,
profoundly impacting Khulna, Bagerhat, and Satkhira. However, the existing road
infrastructure falls woefully short of surmounting the demands of contemporary
transportation and robust economic growth. The proposed feasibility study to expand the
Zilla roads epitomizes a strategic investment in realizing the full potential of this region,
constituting a definitive stride towards Bangladesh's ascent to a developed nation.

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2.2 Objective of the Feasibility Study

The feasibility study on the Improvement and Widening of the Zila road mentioned in List
of Roads for Conducting Feasibility Study Table supports some major-specific fields,
including a traffic study, engineering survey including a topographic survey, geological and
geotechnical Investigations, social and environmental analysis with a preparation of a
socio-economic report, Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The objective of this feasibility
study is:

• Assessing the traffic volume of the mentioned 17 Zila Road

• Recommendations on possible available lands for four-lane propositions
• Detailed socio-economic and engineering investigation to examine technical
feasibility and environmental viability.
• To provide an idea of what essential elements are to be considered in
implementing specific action plans.
• Assessing whether the proposed action, if implemented, would have any significant
impact in the future.
• To verify whether the particular course of action makes sense from an economical
and practical point of view.
• To verify whether implementing the proposed measures would be economically
feasible and acceptable.
• To identify the nature of the proposed initiative, complexities, and constraints and
suggest alternative solutions.
• To collect all kinds of information for the implementing agency to make the right
decision.

The proposed extension road will significantly improve the current road network and
relieve the traffic burden and carrying capacity. The proposed route will connect the most
peripheral area with the core central CBD area with optimum traffic pressure within the
urban roadways. It will be essential in reducing traffic jams on urban roads and developing
a better network.

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2.3 Approach and Methodology of the Feasibility Study

The feasibility study's overall approach is diagrammatically represented below (Figure 2-

1). Due to the limited availability of resources, a simple trend analysis has been used for
future traffic forecasting.

Figure 2-1: Methodology of Feasibility Study

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2.3.1 Study Team

The Roads and Highway Department have issued this feasibility study report. Team leader
Mr. Md Sajadul Alam and Mr. Asif Ahmed have prepared the report with the assistance of
Santonu Sarker Santo, Mohammad Belal Hosen, Md. Almas Uddin Riad and Md. Mohibul
Hasan Moonshad. They provided additional assistance with the technical study, traffic
forecast, and environmental evaluation.

2.3.2 Limitations of the study

Given the limited resources, including the budget, this study has been conducted to
provide an initial evaluation of the candidate route, which the RHD proposed. In this regard,
the limitations of this study are as follows:

• The report is output mainly relies on the limited information and data provided by
RHD and other Government Offices.

• A digital terrain map is recommended to be used for accurate cost estimation.

• By the nature of traffic demand, a derived secondary function of various socio-

economic activities and development plans, the output of the traffic forecast and
economic analysis in Bangladesh may be insignificant since the initial values of
major indicators, including registered vehicles, is very low. In this regard, a holistic,
instead of demand-driven, approach may be appropriate if a higher priority is given
to the project by the government.

• The economic viability of the project could have been enhanced considerably by
considering the following information:

a) Socio-economic data/statistics, including development plan of regions and

transport facilities in the catchments.
b) Reduction of traffic accidents and environmental benefits; and
c) Traffic survey data including O/D, network, sectional volumes, load survey
and travel speed.

2.3.3 Topographical Survey

The study approach includes collecting and analyzing information on topographic, cross-
section, and longitudinal survey data, the present road scenario. The basic idea of the
survey area for the whole project is defined as follows:

• The corridor of the topographic survey measured 30.47m on average, 15.23m left,
and 15.23m right from the route centreline.

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• A particular survey conducted for the Bridge, Chhara/Canal/Khal, and River Study
Area of selected road route alignment is presented in the following chapters.

2.3.4 Datum Height and Coordinates

The horizontal and vertical control network is derived from the National Benchmark of
Survey of Bangladesh (SOB). UTM Grid zone 46 is used for horizontal datum or
coordinate systems. Mean Sea level (MSL) was used for the vertical datum. The survey
parameters are as follows:

• Latitude of natural origin 0°

• Central Meridian 93°
• Scale factor 0.9996
• False Easting 500000m
• False Northing 0m
• Linear Unit Metter 1m

2.3.5 Benchmark Establishment

Primary benchmarks, secondary benchmarks points, and associate/reference points are
set as suitable locations along with the alignment.

2.3.6 Equipment and Software Used

The following software was used for this project-

Data Processing Software: Trimble Business Centre 2.4 used for post-processing

Network Adjustment Method: Least Square Adjustment

The following equipment was deployed for the Topo survey works:

• Leica TS 09 (SL # 1302071)

• Kolida KS 7
• Survey 123 App, Mobile Survey.
• Optical Level

2.3.7 Topographic Detail Survey (Planimetric)

Detail planimetric survey was carried out using the Total station and the measurement
method by, the Radial Tachometric method. The following mapping objects (but not
limited) were recorded during the topographic detail survey, i.e.:

• Edge of the road

• Ditch/Chhara/River
• Road components and Road Furniture

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• As indicated by existing landmarks or land use along the road, boundaries of

properties are displayed. The name of the specific building is also recorded, such
as office, market, hospital post office, mosque, church, etc.
• Building, shed commercial, etc.
• Bridge, culvert, river, drainage, etc.

2.4 Organization of the Feasibility Study

The feasibility study on the Improvement of Important District Highways to Appropriate

Level of Standard and Width (Khulna Circle) Bangladesh was jointly ventured with the
Roads and Highways Department Khulna and Geo Smart Planning (GSP) consulting firm.

Geo Smart Planning is an organization that has been involved successfully in projects,
consultancy, training, and all other sectors of development, engaging a group of young
professionals with diverse backgrounds. GSP always believes in the motive that
sustainable development comes not only from some specific sectors but also from the
multi-stages of the environment. This thinking is organized by a group of Urban and Rural/
Regional planners, Engineers, architects, Sociologists, economists, agriculturalists, and
Software developers who pioneer their sector. Geo Smart Planning thinks that only proper,
thoughtful planning and timely execution can run the development process smoothly.
However, it offers a full range of services from project conception to completion, including-
project preparatory technical assistance, project identification, techno-economic feasibility
study, field surveys/investigations, environmental and social impact assessment, planning,
detailed design, architectural design, documentation, project management, monitoring,
and evaluation, etc. It has expertise in project, review, baseline, end line, all kinds of
surveys using different tools and techniques (such as GIS-based survey, Census survey,
etc.), database design and management, image processing and analysis using remote
sensing, hazard, and risk mapping, training, reporting, etc.

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Figure 2-2: Organogram of Geo Smart Planning

2.5 Cross-Section and Longitudinal Profile

2.5.1 Cross-section & Longitudinal Profile for Khulna Region

2.5.1.1 Pavement Design of Z-7040

Figure 2-3: Flexible Pavement’s Cross-Section and Longitudinal Profile for Z-7040

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Figure 2-4: Plan of Rigid pavement 2+600 to 3+000,3+800 to 4+100, 5+000 to 5+500,
16+300 to 16 +500, 26+700 to 25+900, 28+700 to 29+200

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2.5.1.2 Pavement Design of Z-7615

Figure 2-5: Flexible Pavement Design of Z-7615

2.5.1.3 Pavement Design of Z-7603

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Figure 2-6: Plan of Flexible Pavement for Z-7603

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Figure 2-7: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7603

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2.5.1.4 Pavement Design of Z-7043

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Figure 2-8: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7043

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Figure 2-9: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7043

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2.5.2 Cross-section & Longitudinal Profile for Bagerhat Region

2.5.2.1 Pavement Design of Z-7045

Figure 2-10: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7045

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Figure 2-11: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7045

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2.5.2.2 Pavement Design of Z-7701

Figure 2-12: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7701

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2.5.2.3 Pavement Design of Z-7704

Figure 2-13: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7704

2.5.2.4 Pavement Design of Z-7714

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Figure 2-14: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7714

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Figure 2-15: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7714

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2.5.2.5 Pavement Design of Z-7716

Figure 2-16: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7716

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2.5.2.6 Pavement Design of Z-7801

Figure 2-17: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7801

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Figure 2-18: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7801

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2.5.2.7 Pavement Design of Z-8409

Figure 2-19: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-8409

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Figure 2-20: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-8409

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2.5.3 Cross-section & Longitudinal Profile for Satkhira Region

2.5.3.1 Pavement Design of Z-7552

Figure 2-21: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7552

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Figure 2-22: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7552

2.5.3.2 Pavement Design of Z-7610

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Figure 2-24: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7610

2.5.3.3 Pavement Design of Z-7613

Figure 2-23: Flexible Pavement Design for Z-7613

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Figure 2-25: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7613

2.5.3.4 Pavement Design of Z-7618

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Figure 2-26: Rigid Pavement Design for Z-7618

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Survey data was collected in the field in a string of the following:

The point, easting, northing, elevation, point description/code, specialized survey software
Trimble's Terramodel, and Eagle points are used to create AutoCAD 2D/3D mapping and
prepare cross-sections and long sections per specification.

2.5.4 Accessibility and Limitations

The poor condition of the roads hampers the standard survey procedure. The
topographical survey is complicated and cumbersome.

2.5.5 Data Collection

The survey team physically travelled all the proposed alignments with handheld GPS,
camera, and sketching accessories; the survey team physically travelled all the proposed
alignments. The surveyor collected the coordination of road alignment by Total Station and
recorded all possible important features like road width, bridge culverts, rivers, lakes,
ponds, charas, hills, house, shed, and significant landmarks within the survey strips
(30.47m). The following observations are noticed during the topographic survey-

• Photographic identification information

• Survey points coordinates recorded by Total Station
• The land topography/ terrain of the proposed route
• Edge of the road, Fence, Brick wall, Fence, Islands, etc.
• Ditch, Pond, River, etc.
• Electric Poles, Road components, Road Furniture, etc.
• As indicated by existing landmarks or land use along the roads, such as a fence,
wall, etc., boundaries of properties.
• The name of the specific building is also recorded, such as office, market, hospital
post office, mosque, church, etc.
• Building, Shed, Shop, Mosque, Temple, School, Madrasa, etc.
• Bridge, Culvert, Drainage, etc.
• Accessibility of survey crew and inconvenience of survey works
• Fixed the locations of benchmarks and control points

2.5.6 Topographic Survey

All natural and artificial features within the survey corridor were measured accurately. A
detailed topographic survey was conducted to improve Important District Highways to
Appropriate Level of Standard and Width (Khulna Circle).

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Section 3: Market/Demand Analysis

3.1 Problem Statement

In the Khulna-Bagerhat-Satkhira Region, the network of 17 zilla roads plays a vital role in
connecting communities, facilitating trade, and supporting local economies. Among these
roads, Z-7040, the Dighalia(Ralighate)-Arua-Gazirhate-Tarokhada Road, is a crucial link
between Dighalia and Tarokhada, fostering mobility and trade opportunities. Similarly,
Road Z-7045, the Tarokhada-Mollahate Road, connects Tarokhada and Mollahate,
potentially enhancing the efficiency of goods transportation. Another critical route, Z-7615,
the Dacope-Barobaria-Magurkhali-Tala Road, interlinks Dacope, Barobaria, Magurkhali,
and Tala, highlighting its significance for local movement and agricultural activities.

Furthermore, the Z-7043, Fultola-Shapur-Miximil-Dumuria Road, forms an essential

corridor connecting Fultola, Shapur, Miximil, and Dumuria. By improving road conditions
along this route, greater accessibility to markets and educational institutions can be
achieved. Similarly, the Z-7603, Satkhira-Asasuni-Goaldanda-Paikgacha Road, connects
Satkhira, Asasuni, Goaldanda, and Paikgacha, vital for regional connectivity and economic
development.

In evaluating the demand analysis for these roads, a recurring theme emerges: the existing
narrow road widths are becoming increasingly inadequate to accommodate the growing
traffic volumes and meet the demands of economic expansion. These roads, essential for
trade, transportation, and economic growth, suffer from traffic congestion, limiting their
potential impact. To address this issue and pave the way for efficient connectivity,
widening these roads becomes imperative. By expanding the road widths of these critical
corridors, the region can overcome its current limitations and unlock opportunities for
enhanced trade, commerce, and overall socio-economic progress.

The prevailing state of the 17 zila road networks within the expansive Khulna Circle
presents a formidable challenge in meeting the multifaceted demands stemming from a
burgeoning population, escalating economic activities, and heightened traffic flow. As
urbanization accelerates and communities expand, these roadways are strained by
congestion, operational inefficiencies, and less-than-optimal traffic management
strategies. These challenges engender time wastage and exacerbate environmental
concerns from heightened vehicular emissions. The 17 district highways, characterized by
their limited width and the absence of dedicated lanes catering to slow-moving vehicular
traffic (SMVT) and non-motorized traffic (NMT), fall short of accommodating the diverse

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spectrum of road users. The occurrence of congested intersections and the absence of
segregated provisions for distinct vehicle types further compound the situation. Inadequate
road safety measures add to the complexity, putting lives at risk and leading to avoidable
delays. Moreover, vehicular breakdowns magnify the problem by causing road capacity to
contract to a single lane, exacerbating traffic bottlenecks and gridlock.

Addressing these challenges entails upgrading road infrastructure and orchestrating a

comprehensive transformation of the road networks that thread through the Khulna Circle.
By understanding the dynamics of market forces, economic aspirations, and the evolving
needs of road users, this feasibility study endeavours to pave the way for a modernized
and efficient road network. One that not only caters to the present demands but also
accommodates the future growth trajectories of the region.

This project will involve improving and widening 17 important zila roads of Khulna Circle.
Improvements and widening will include multifaceted components such as the expansion
of the existing road, curve straightening and existing pavement strengthening, and road
safety improvement and signalization.

3.2 Relevance of the Project Idea

Khulna, Satkhira, and Bagerhat collectively serve as the bedrock of Bangladesh's

economic landscape, with each district commanding its unique economic prowess.
Khulna, a strategic industrial nucleus, is home to the country's largest sea-port, the Mongla
Port. This maritime gateway is indispensable in facilitating international trade, thus
magnifying its significance within the broader national economy. Satkhira, in contrast, is
acclaimed for its vibrant shrimp farming industry, expansive agricultural domains, and
captivating natural splendour. The adjacency of the Sundarbans Reserve Forest along its
coastal fringes adds an enticing ecotourism dimension to the district's allure. Bagerhat, an
epitome of cultural heritage, is renowned for its historic mosques, with the UNESCO-listed
Sixty Dome Mosque leading the ensemble. These architectural marvels attract cultural
enthusiasts and tourists from across the region and engender a thriving cultural and
tourism sector.

Beyond mere economic expansion, the project's relevance is resplendent. The upgraded
road infrastructure can engender social inclusivity by augmenting access to essential
services encompassing education, healthcare, and markets. This transformation opens up
new avenues for small-scale businesses, emerging entrepreneurs, and steadfast farmers,
leading to reduced transportation costs and expanded market opportunities. The impacts
extend further into the domain of environmental stewardship. The capacity to mitigate

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traffic congestion and shorten travel times is paramount in reducing emissions and
enhancing air quality, aligning seamlessly with the districts' fervent commitment to
sustainability.

Khulna, Satkhira, and Bagerhat collectively form a dynamic economic and cultural hub
within Bangladesh, marked by diverse industries, bustling commerce, and thriving
agricultural activities. The existing road networks face mounting challenges as these
districts experience steady population growth, expanding urbanization, and heightened
trade. Congestion, operational inefficiencies, and inadequate road standards have
hindered the region's economic potential, compelling the need for transformative
improvements.

Moreover, after the inauguration of Padma Bridge, the accessibility from Dhaka to these
three districts increased. Improving regional-level accessibility in this region should be a
top national development goal since it provides prospects for long-term social and
economic development and mitigates the adverse effects of natural catastrophes on
regions in developing nations like Bangladesh. Academics have investigated the causes
and implications of traffic congestion in many industrialized cities using various models.
These 17 Zila roads are crowded, and traffic volume is growing daily. A massive highway
serves the population of the area connected by these highways. However, the roadways
are not broad enough to accommodate the purpose. As a result, the feasibility study is
critical in the current situation to ease urban traffic congestion.

The impact of the highway as a connecting road for meeting increased economic needs
and expanding trade and commerce is immense. However, the road's narrowness cannot
fulfil the expected role in meeting the increased demand as a national highway. If the
project is implemented, all the region's people, traders, beneficiaries, students, and others
will benefit, especially from the expansion of trade and commerce, which will keep the
country's economic wheel moving through import and export.

3.3 Proposed Project Interventions

Availability of land is crucial; evidence should be provided that the land is owned (or can
be accessed) by the organization, which has the full title to use it, or has to be purchased
(or rented) through the acquisition/requisition process. Besides, it should address if any
utility shifting is required. Identify the issues of disaster risks (existing and future) in the
proposed location and the project site on the hazard map.

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3.3.1 Observation Based on Major Intersection

3.3.1.1 Intersection Observation on Z-7040
3.3.1.1.1 Ferry Ghat Mor Intersection
• The proposed road starts from the Dighalia to Terokhada.

• It has one existing lane.

• Two surveyors were needed for the traffic volume survey.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 15 to 21 ft.

• No demolition is needed on both sides of the roads to extend.

• The land price is approx. 3-4 lac for each Katha.

Picture 3-1: Ferry Ghat Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.1.2 Barakpur Bazar Mor Intersection

• A major four-road intersection sustains a massive traffic load during peak hours.

• Four surveyors were needed for the traffic volume survey.

• There is no space available on both sides of the road.

• The road can be extended with massive demolition of constructions.

• Demolition is needed for old buildings and semi-pucca shops, pucca market tin-
shed shops, and hotels.

• The land price range is around 8 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-2: Barakpur Bazar Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.1.3 Gazir Hat Mor Intersection

• This is a four-road intersection.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 7-22 ft.

• The road can be extended with less demolition or construction.

• The structure is found in semi-pucca, pucca shops, and markets.

• Four surveyors were needed for the traffic volume survey.

• The land price is 5-6 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-3: Gazir Hat Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.1.4 Terokhada Mor Intersection

• This is a four-road intersection.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 10 ft.

• Demolishment is needed on both sides of the road.

• Three surveyors were needed for the traffic volume survey.

• There is a giant banyan tree needed to be uprooted for road construction.

• Many trees from both sides of the road needed to be cut for the expansion.

• The land price is 5-6 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-4:Terokhada Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.2 Intersection Observation on Z-7045 (Khulna Portion)

3.3.1.2.1 Katenga Bazar Mor Intersection
• The proposed road starts from the Terokhada Bazar Road, locally called Katenga
Bazar Mor.

• It has two existing lanes with narrow widths.

• Three surveyors were needed for the traffic volume survey.

• The road can be extended with several amounts of demolition of constructions.

• There is a need for land acquisition.

• The land price is approx. 3-4 lac for each Katha.

Picture 3-5: Katenga Bazar Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.2.2 Tetokhada Bus Stand Mor Intersection

• This is a 3-leg intersection that creates massive traffic during peak hours.

• It has two existing lanes.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 10 - 15 ft.

• Land acquisition is needed for both sides of the road.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolition of temporary shops is required.

• The land price is around 3-4 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-6: Tetokhada Bus Stand Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.3 Intersection Observation on Z-7043

3.3.1.3.1 Chourangi Mor Intersection
• The proposed road starts from the Chourangi Mor near Dumuria Bus Stand Mor

• It has two existing lanes.

• Two surveyors were needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed on both sides of the roads towards Fultala.

• The land price is approx. 5-6 lac for each Katha.

Picture 3-7: Chourangi Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.3.2 Shahpur Bazar Mor Intersection

• Shahpur is one of the busiest intersections of Khulna City.

• It's a Y-type intersection.

• Three surveyors were needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Expandable space is available on both sides of the road.

• The land price is around 7-8 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-8: Shahpur Bazar Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.3.3 Fultala Bus Stand Mor Intersection

• This is a T-type intersection, and in future, this intersection will be found with
massive traffic and will significantly impact transportation in this area.

• It has two existing lanes.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 11- 56 ft.

• The road can be extended with much demolition of constructions.

• Three surveyors were needed for the traffic volume survey.

Picture 3-9: Fultala Bus Stand Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.4 Intersection Observation on Z-7045 (Bagerhat Portion)

3.3.1.4.1 Fokirhat Dagbangla Mor Intersection
• This is a 4-leg intersection, and in the future, this intersection will be found with
massive traffic and will significantly impact transportation in this area.

• It has two existing lanes.

• The road can be extended with much demolition of constructions.

• The demolishment needed for temporary shops and tin sheds.

• Three surveyors were needed for the traffic volume survey.

Picture 3-10: Fokirhat Dagbangla Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.4.2 Madrasha Ghat Mor Intersection

• It's a 4-leg intersection.

• Three surveyors were needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Expandable space is available on both sides of the road.

• The land price is around 5-6 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-11: Madrasha Ghat Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.4.3 Chowronggir Mor Intersection

• This is a 4-leg intersection that creates massive traffic during peak hours.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 8 - 10 ft.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolition of temporary shops is required.

• The land price is around 6-7 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-12: Chowronggir Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.5 Intersection Observation on Z-8409

3.3.1.5.1 Fokirapul Mor Intersection
• This is a Y-type intersection.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 20 - 40 ft.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is not needed for a road extension.

• The land price is around 6-7 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-13: Fokirapul Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.6 Intersection Observation on Z-7704

3.3.1.6.1 Bangla Bazar Mor Intersection
• This is a Y-type intersection.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 30 - 40 ft.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is not needed for a road extension.

• The land price is around 5-6 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-14: Bangla Bazar Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.6.2 Kuniya Bus Stand Mor Intersection

• This is a Y-type intersection.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is temporary shops and tin sheds.

• The land price is around 5-6 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-15: Kuniya Bus Stand Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.7 Intersection Observation on Z-7801

3.3.1.7.1 Upazila Mor Intersection
• This is a Y-type intersection.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is temporary shops and tin sheds.

• The land price is around 4-5 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-16: Upazila Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.8 Intersection Observation on Z-7714

3.3.1.8.1 Majhi Barir Mor Intersection
• This is a T-type intersection.

• Two surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is tin sheds.

• The land price is around 3-4 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-17: Majhi Barir Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.9 Intersection Observation on Z-7716

3.3.1.9.1 Vasha Mor Intersection
• This is a T-type intersection.

• Two surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is tin sheds.

• The land price is around 3-4 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-18: Vasha Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.9.2 Shialkathi Mor Intersection

• This is a T-type intersection.

• Two surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is tin sheds.

• The land price is around 3-4 lac per Katha.

Picture 3-19: Shialkathi Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.10 Intersection Observation on Z-7618

3.3.1.10.1 Shyamnagor Char Rasta Mor Intersection
• This is a major 4-leg intersection create massive traffic during peak hour.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is tin sheds.

• Land acquisition is needed for road extension.

Picture 3-20: Shyamnagor Char Rasta Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.10.2 Hostel Mor

• This is a T-type intersection.

• Two surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is tin sheds.

• Land acquisition is needed for road extension.

Picture 3-21: Hostel Mor

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3.3.1.10.3 Sankorkati Hatkhola Mor Intersection

• This is a major 4-leg intersection.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is temporary shops.

• Land acquisition is needed for road extension.

Picture 3-22: Sankorkati Hatkhola Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.10.4 Gobindopur Bazar Mor Intersection

• This is a major 4-leg intersection.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is temporary shops.

• Land acquisition is needed for road extension.

Picture 3-23: Gobindopur Bazar Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.11 Intersection Observation on Z-7552

3.3.1.11.1 Kolaroa Mor Intersection
• This is a major T-type intersection.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is temporary shops.

• Land acquisition is needed for road extension.

Picture 3-24: Kolaroa Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.11.2 Kolagaci Mor Intersection

• This is a major Y-type intersection.

• Two surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is temporary shops.

• Land acquisition is needed for road extension.

Picture 3-25: Kolagaci Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.11.3 Saroskati Chourasta Mor Intersection

• This is a major 4-leg intersection.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is temporary shops.

• Land acquisition is needed for road extension.

Picture 3-26: Saroskati Chourasta Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.12 Intersection Observation on Z-7610

3.3.1.12.1 Firoj Chairman Barir Mor Intersection
• This is a major 3-leg intersection.

• Three surveyors are needed for the traffic volume survey.

• Demolishment is needed for a road extension.

• The permanent structure is temporary shops.

• Land acquisition is needed for road extension.

Picture 3-27: Firoj Chairman Barir Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.13 Intersection Observation on Z-7613

3.3.1.13.1 Tala Mor Intersection
• It is a major four-road intersection on Khulna-Satkhira Road that sustains a
massive traffic load during peak hours

• There is agriculture and barren land on the both side of the road.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 14- 30 ft.

• No demolition is needed on both sides of the road.

Picture 3-28: Tala Mor Intersection

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3.3.1.13.2 Majhiara Bazar Intersection

• It is a major 4-leg intersection.

• There are semi-pucca and tin shed commercial structure on the north side of the
road.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 5-6 ft.

• Need to demolish the structure of both side of the road.

Picture 3-29: Majhiara Bazar Intersection

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3.3.1.13.3 Paikgacha Road and Z-7613 Crossing Intersection

• It is a 3-leg intersection.

• There are pucca, semi-pucca and tin shed commercial structure on the north side
of the road.

• The road has expansion availability on both sides up to 5-6 ft.

• Need to demolish the structure of the north side of the road.

Picture 3-30: Paikgacha Road and Z-7613 Crossing Intersection

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3.3.2 Observation on Ponds

3.3.2.1 Observation of Ponds for Khulna Region
3.3.2.1.1 Observation on Z-7040
• There is a total of around 25 ponds and 2 canals exit here. Two rivers have crossed the
proposed area of Arua, Dighaliaa, named the Bhairab and Rupsha Rivers.
• Around 11 ponds of the roadside area need to be partially filled up to extend the road
to 7.5 m in width.
• The chainage of ponds needed to be partially filled are at 3+100, 3+300, 5+800, 5+900,
6+100, 6+900, 10+200, 10+800, 16+500, 17+000, 23+500.

3.3.2.1.2 Observation on Z-7045

• There are a total of 15 ponds in the study area.
• The existing 6 ponds are suitable for fish cultivation.
• There are no ponds found dumped into garbage materials of households.
• There are also some ponds which are used as Ghers.
• Around 11 ponds need to be filled up to extend the road.

Table 3-1: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7045)

Chainage Needs to be filled for Road Extension

0+300 Yes
0+350 Yes
2+370 Yes
3+500 Yes
3+600 No
3+700 Yes
3+800 Yes
4+450 Yes
5+500 No
5+800 No
6+100 Yes
7+000 Yes
7+020 Yes
10+100 Yes

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3.3.2.2 Observation of Ponds for Bagerhat Region

3.3.2.2.1 Observation on Z-7716
• There are total 3 ponds situated here. One river crosses the proposed area near Fire
Service and Civil Defence Station, Kachua named Balaswar River.
• The existing ponds are suitable for fish cultivation.
• All the 3 ponds need to be filled for the widening of the road

Table 3-2: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7716)

Chainage Needs to be filled for Road Extension

0+650 Yes
0+760 Yes
2+400 Yes

3.3.2.2.2 Observation on Z-7714

• There are total 34 ponds in the study area.
• The existing ponds are suitable for fish cultivation.
• Some ponds are found dumped into garbage materials of households.
• All 34 ponds need to be filled up to extend the road.

Table 3-3: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7714)

Chainage Needs to be filled for Road Extension

11+530 Yes
11+950 Yes
12+080 Yes
12+130 Yes
12+190 Yes
12+240 Yes
12+350 Yes
12+430 Yes
12+440 Yes
12+640 Yes
12+890 Yes
12+940 Yes
12+990 Yes
13+070 Yes
13+080 Yes
13+090 Yes
13+140 Yes
13+430 Yes
13+580 Yes
13+630 Yes

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13+820 Yes
13+840 Yes
13+855 Yes
14+075 Yes
14+270 Yes
14+590 Yes
14+600 Yes
14+790 Yes
14+860 Yes
14+985 Yes
15+170 Yes
17+415 Yes
18+260 Yes
18+430 Yes
18+910 Yes

3.3.2.2.3 Observation on Z-7045

• There are total 9 ponds in the study area.
• The existing ponds are suitable for fish cultivation.
• Maximum ponds are found dumped into garbage materials of households.
• All 9 ponds need to be filled up to extend the road.

Table 3-4: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7045)

Chainage Needs to be filled for Road Extension

1+125 Yes
2+930 Yes
3+395 Yes
4+050 Yes
4+890 Yes
5+085 Yes
5+400 Yes
5+680 Yes
5+875 Yes
6+155 Yes

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3.3.2.2.4 Observation on Z-7801

• There are total 33 ponds in the study area.
• The existing ponds are suitable for fish cultivation.
• Maximum ponds are found dumped into garbage materials of households.
• All 33 ponds need to be filled up to extend the road.

Table 3-5: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7801)

Chainage Needs to be filled for Road Extension

0+675 Yes
1+580 Yes
1+850 Yes
2+715 Yes
3+100 Yes
3+495 Yes
4+540 Yes
6+495 Yes
7+300 Yes
8+650 Yes
10+110 Yes
10+700 Yes
11+350 Yes
13+320 Yes
14+830 Yes
15+570 Yes
15+810 Yes
16+460 Yes
16+650 Yes
17+660 Yes
17+995 Yes
18+620 Yes
18+940 Yes
18+995 Yes
19+330 Yes
19+670 Yes
20+030 Yes
20+205 Yes
20+920 Yes
20+950 Yes
21+210 Yes
21+330 Yes
21+730 Yes

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3.3.2.2.5 Observation on Z-7704

Table 3-6: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7704)

Chainage Needs to be filled for Road Extension

2+475 Yes
2+583 Yes
2+757 Yes
3+785 Yes
3+840 Yes
3+845 Yes
3+904 Yes
4+121 Yes
4+128 Yes
4+132 Yes
4+241 Yes
4+322 Yes
4+328 Yes
4+768 Yes
5+527 Yes
6+035 Yes
6+042 Yes
6+098 Yes
6+260 Yes
6+315 Yes
6+365 Yes
6+522 Yes
6+581 Yes
6+588 Yes
6+661 Yes
6+669 Yes
6+678 Yes
7+025 Yes
7+030 Yes
7+132 Yes
7+205 Yes
7+403 Yes

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3.3.2.3 Observation of Ponds for Satkhira Region

3.3.2.3.1 Observation on Z-7610
Table 3-7: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7610)

Chainage Needs to be filled for Road Extension

0+257 Yes
1+185 Yes
1+672 Yes
2+105 Yes
3+675 Yes
4+210 Yes
4+312 Yes
4+898 Yes

3.3.2.3.2 Observation on Z-7552

Table 3-8: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7552)

Chainage Needs to be filled for Road Extension

1+145 Yes
1+650 Yes
2+998 Yes
5+252 Yes
5+725 Yes
6+968 Yes
7+024 Yes
8+417 Yes

3.3.2.3.3 Observation on Z-7618

Table 3-9: Ponds Need to be Filled for Road Extension (Z-7552)

Chainage Needs to be filled for Road Extension

0+318 Yes
1+295 Yes
1+390 Yes
1+450 Yes
1+485 Yes
1+512 Yes
1+620 Yes
2+465 Yes
2+712 Yes
3+556 Yes
3+825 Yes
3+905 Yes
4+870 Yes
5+172 Yes

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5+225 Yes
5+490 Yes
5+695 Yes
6+570 Yes
6+830 Yes
6+910 Yes

3.3.3 Services in The Project Area

• Almost all the services required to ensure the quality of daily services of various
business establishments based in the district are available here, such as water
connection, internet connection, electricity connection and other necessary services.
• The field-level survey observed the presence of almost all services except the gas
connection.

3.3.4 Positive Impact of The Project

The existing roads are pretty narrow and serve as vital conduits for many purposes,
including import-export operations, transportation for agricultural activities, market access,
social services, and public transportation. Existing agricultural activities are likely to benefit
from road widening projects. Local markets are currently being established in areas closely
related to agricultural activities. The proposed expansion of the existing roads is feasible
and economically viable. In the long term, the project will improve the road communication
system. The project will further facilitate and improve market access for income
generation. It will allow easy movement of motorized and other vehicles. It will improve the
aesthetic quality of the area. Also improves agricultural development and environmental
quality. It will ensure better access to market-related growth centers. Local communities
and public representatives have a supportive role in favouring road expansion projects.

3.3.5 Possible Adverse Effects of The Project

Widening of existing roads will not have any significant adverse impact on the environment
during the proposed project. In reality, negative environmental impacts may include
impacts on air quality during road construction. Negative impacts on air quality will come
from pollutants emitted by vehicles. This will result in the deterioration of air quality.
Construction may have some effect on noise levels. Cutting trees and vegetation on both
sides of the road will demonstrate the impact of the biological environment. This may result
in road side erosion and some negative impacts on ecosystems. Another effect on the
atmosphere could be short-term dust generation. Overall impacts are short-term, site-
specific and have mechanisms developed for them. Some land acquisition and

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rehabilitation may be required. Navigation may be slightly disrupted. Habitat and water
quality may be partially affected.

3.3.6 Areas That are Not Expected to Have a Major Impact

Table 3-10: Areas That are Not Expected to Have a Major Impact

Environmental Factors Expected Effect Mitigation Measures

Small-scale mining
activities have little impact.
The required number of
materials will not cause
changes in topography,
Geography, Landforms,
topography, geology and
Geology, and Soils
soil. The mining risk is
negligible as mining will
only be carried out during
construction. The pond is
located next to the road.

• Limiting work during dry

season.
• Sprinkle water to reduce
Short-term dust production
dust related hazards.
is the only effect on the
• Tarpaulins are used to
The Atmosphere atmosphere. Overall
protect the sand while
effects are short term and
splashing water.
site specific
• Coordinates the
schedule of excavation
activities with soil filling.
No river, pond will be
affected. There is no
Surface Water impact on any source of
water supply like reservoirs
and tube wells etc.

Only surface water will be

Ground Water
used for construction.

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• Avoid cutting trees

wherever possible.
A large number of trees
• If any trees are removed,
Tress will be required to be cut
the roadsides will be
down.
replanted after the
project is completed.
• Increase in road surface
Improved drainage system area will include new or
Improved Drainage
is not observed at improved drainage
System
proposed site. systems for stormwater
runoff.
None of the associated
Agriculture, Minerals and
developments are adjacent
Tourism Development
to the site.

There are several • Several mosques may

Religious Structure mosques on the proposed have to be replaced or
road alignment. partially demolished.

The construction of the

Population and project will not affect the
Communities population size, location or
composition in any way.

3.3.7 Proposed Project Intervention

The important physical works include earth work on road embankment, New Construction,
Curve Straightening, Re-Construction, Surfacing, approach development of side road,
construction of Bus-Bay, Widening of culvert, drainage construction, traffic sign, guide post
& others, intersection development, tree plantation and others. Summary of the proposed
project interventions are given to Chapter 6.

3.3.7.1 Consistency with SDG and 8th Fiver Year Plan

In today's global economic era, cost-effective and efficient transport services serve as a
major determinant in enhancing the competitiveness of a country's economic activities. A
country's competitiveness is important in increasing internal and external trade and
investment flows. Moreover, efficient transport systems greatly influence the pattern of
regional development and localization of poverty within the country. The development of

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an efficient and cost-effective transport network is considered one of the key determinants
in achieving the growth and poverty reduction goals set out in the Sustainable
Development Goals and Vision 2041.

3.3.7.1.1 Consistency with SDG

The proposed project is specifically aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goals
2030 of the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Goal-9: Build resilient
infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and promote innovation
(Goal 9.1), Goal-11: build inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities and towns (Goal
11.2, 11.a) consistent with the objectives of the title.

3.3.7.1.2 Consistency with Eighth Five-Year Plan

The 8th Five-Year Plan has laid down some goals and objectives for the transport sector
in line with the Vision 2041 to develop an efficient and cost-effective transport network.
The proposed project is consistent with the goals and objectives of the time, especially
demand-driven passenger and goods movement, ensuring adequate transport facilities,
providing any type of transport at convenient times, prioritizing the choice of the service
user, establishing self-reflection between different modes of transport, developing national
highways, strengthening inter-connectivity, and calling for regional cooperation. Reducing
the cost of related activities Maintenance of assets related to transport network and
development of regional roads with neighboring countries to ensure seamless
transportation of passenger goods and services. The project is also in line with the 8th
Five Year Plan for the period 2041.

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3.4 Stakeholders

Construction projects have common characteristics: they will always have a project doer,
client, and beneficiary. Considering only Road construction, it has familiar and unique
stakeholders. There is a variation in primarily external stakeholders in developed and
developing countries.

3.4.1 The Objective of Public/Stakeholders Consultation

• To build awareness among the local people and society members about the
project, its nature, and the implementation process.

• To learn about the present socio-economic & environmental conditions of the study
area and its improvement.

• To encourage the local dwellers in the planning and implementation process.

• To learn the people's views on the impact of proposed interventions.

• To obtain people's suggestions on the enhancement measures of the positive

impact and identify solutions to the problems related to the project and ideas on
mitigating the negative consequences.

• To facilitate the stakeholders, identify the problems and prospects of the project
and conflict of interest among all groups.

Table 3-11: Stakeholders and Their Roles

Stakeholders Some of the roles

• Provide consultancy advice for the project on designing, evaluating the

cost, and technical issues/advice.
• Administers contracts and supervises the work.
• Develops the project's design; produces drawings and specifications;
ensures that a project is implemented within cost and time and
Consultant according to quality and agreement.
• Approves work proposals from the contractor
• Prepare payment certificates for executed work
• Communicate with local Authorities and community delegates to
resolve issues and create a good work environment.

• Brings the design of the project to reality

Main
Contractor • Carries out and completes the work designed by consultants to meet
the time, cost, and quality objectives; supervises and manages

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operations on-site; sometimes assists in design; coordinates and

supervises all sub-contract work, materials, and suppliers.
Sub-
• Carries out and completes the work ordered by the main contractor
Contractor

• Provides the necessary funds for the project; Ensures that the funds
Donor/Financi are utilized for the purpose; checks if funds are used for this particular
er activity.
• Approves the request for additional budget from client/ERA

• Make the work environment favourable by discussing with the

community
Local • Resolve Right-of-way (ROW) issue by collaborating with ERA ROW
Authorities experts
• Discuss with the community about the project and transfer community
questions to the client or consultant

• Make sure the project doesn't pollute the environment

Environmentali
sts • Recommend best mechanisms to protect the environment while
construction activity is carried out

• Creates awareness of HIV/AIDS protection mechanisms for workers

NGO • Discuss with environmentalists and consultants to protect community
interests and the environment

Media • Transmit information about the projects to the community

3.5 Demand Analysis

Various transportation planning strategies should be used to make critical choices in

designing and upgrading transportation infrastructure. Predicting travel demand is a crucial
component of transportation planning. Transportation demand analysts' primary goal is to
create user-friendly, accurate, and dependable models that can provide various
information to planners, traffic engineers, and other decision-makers. When undertaking
transportation demand analysis, many transportation organizations, consultants, analysts,
and academics employ the "four-step procedure." This approach, which is detailed in this
chapter, is made up of four steps: (a) trip creation, (b) trip distribution, (c) modal split, and
(d) route selection.

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3.6 SWOT Analysis

SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis framework evaluates

the situation and develops strategic planning. SWOT analysis assesses internal and
external factors and current and future potential.

Figure 3-1: SWOT Analysis

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Section 4: Technical/Technological & Engineering

Analysis

4.1 Location

Figure 4-1: Location of Khulna Circle Road

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The study area encompasses the strategic and vibrant Khulna-Bagerhat-Satkhira region
in southwestern Bangladesh, where economic dynamism and connectivity converge. This
pivotal region is a crucial nexus, bridging Dhaka's bustling capital city with the expansive
south-west. This region, which consists of important administrative districts and economic
hubs, has much growth potential as long as infrastructure and connections are improved.

The study area encompasses the Khulna, Bagerhat, and Satkhira Districts in the
southwestern region of Bangladesh, within the Khulna Division. These districts hold
historical, cultural, and economic significance, shaped by their geographic attributes and
thriving industries. Bagerhat District, strategically situated between 21°49' and 22°59'
north latitudes and 89°32' and 89°98' east longitudes, is known for its abundant shrimp
production and the vital Mongla sea-port. With an extensive road network totaling 440.776
kilometers, Bagerhat plays a crucial role in internal and national connectivity.

Satkhira District, positioned between 21°36' and 22°54' north latitudes and 88°54' and
89°20' east longitudes, thrives on its rich history, cultural heritage, and economic
contributions. It boasts vital rivers and a prominent land port that significantly influences
trade and commerce, particularly shrimp farming. The district's road network of 278.95
kilometers is pivotal in connecting the region's distinct areas and bridging the gap between
India and Bangladesh.

Bagerhat and Satkhira Districts represent a dynamic region driven by agriculture, fishing,
and trading activities. This area is poised for further growth with diverse geographical
features like rivers, sea-ports, and fertile lands. The road network within these districts is
an essential backbone for economic prosperity, internal connectivity, and facilitating trade,
underscoring the need for comprehensive analysis and development to ensure efficient
transportation, economic growth, and improved quality of life for the local communities.

Dacope stands out with its intricate network of waterways that serve as vital channels for
transportation, agriculture, and fishing. It is also home to the renowned Sundarbans, the
world's largest mangrove forest, harboring diverse wildlife, including the Bengal tiger and
saltwater crocodile. Barobaria boasts a rich and diverse cultural blend shaped by the
coexistence of various communities over time.

Tala, Fultola, and Shahapur are notable for their cultural festivals and traditional
handicrafts, highlighting the significance of artistry in these regions. Maximil, Dumuria, and
Goaldanda rely on agriculture for sustenance, mainly cultivating paddy, jute, and various
fruits. Shatkhira is the largest sub-district, encompassing the UNESCO-listed Sundarbans
mangrove forest while grappling with urbanization-induced challenges.

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Asasuni, with its historic Asasuni Rajbari and Shyamnagar Fort, carries echoes of the past.
Paikgacha is blessed with natural beauty thanks to its proximity to the Sundarbans and
economic activities like shrimp farming and fish processing. The regions share the
common predicament of traffic congestion due to population growth, migration, and a lack
of road infrastructure. Consequently, air pollution is a pressing issue exacerbated by
outdated vehicle emissions and the use of traditional fuels.

Terokhada and Mollahat are defined by their communication networks, consisting of roads
and waterways while striving to address traffic-related challenges. Despite these issues,
the study area retains its cultural richness, thriving festivals, and traditional practices,
underscoring the resilience and uniqueness of each region within the larger tapestry of
southwestern Bangladesh. Efforts to mitigate environmental problems and improve
infrastructure are crucial for ensuring these diverse locales' sustainable and vibrant future.

4.2 Technical Design

It describes the main components, technology adopted, design, standards, and

specifications. Key output indicators should be defined as the critical physical quantities
produced (e.g., meters, sq. meters, kilometers, numbers, person-months, etc.). Suppose
the project is in disaster-prone areas and has the probability of climate change impact. In
that case, disaster and climate change risk-related information should be integrated with
technical design to address the effects of hazards on the project.

This section describes the main components, technology adopted, design, standards, and
specifications. The basic idea of the survey area for the whole project is defined as follows:

• The corridor of the topographic survey measured 30.47m on average, 15.23m left
and 15.23m right from the route center line.
• A particular survey was conducted for Bridge, Canal/Khal, and River

Study Areas of selected road route alignment are presented in the following sub-sections.

4.2.1 Road Inventory and Pavement Condition

An inventory of the Project Roads has been carried out with visual observations
supplemented with a topo survey. All existing details like terrain, land use, surfacing type
and width, shoulder type & width, subgrade, local soil type, curve details, intersection
details, retaining structures details, location of water bodies, the height of embankment or
depth of cut, cross drainage structures, roadside facilities, existing utility services, general
drainage conditions etc., were recorded. The roads inventory have been referenced to the
existing kilometer posts established along the roadside.

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4.2.1.1 Carriageway and Roadway Width

The detailed inventory of the existing carriageway reveals that the project road stretch
comprises two lane (2L) carriageway with a width of 3.7 m, and the crest width of the road
is 7.5 m. A summary of lane configuration for the entire stretch is presented below.

Table 4-1: Lane Configuration

Chainage Proposed
Road Length Existing Lane
District Lane
No From To (km) Configuration
Configuration
Khulna Z-7040 00+000 29+200 29.2 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Khulna Z-7045 00+000 11+820 11.82 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Khulna Z-7615 08+800 24+300 15.50 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Khulna Z-7043 00+000 28+780 28.78 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Khulna Z-7603 37+200 45+500 8.30 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Bagerhat Z-8409 00+000 24+470 24.47 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Bagerhat Z-7801 00+000 22+855 22.885 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Bagerhat Z-7718 00+000 42+000 42.00 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Bagerhat Z-7704 28+863 36+833 7.97 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Bagerhat Z-7701 00+000 25+892 25.892 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Bagerhat Z-7045 11+720 19+987 8.267 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Bagerhat Z-7714 00+000 10+450 10.45 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Bagerhat Z-7716 00+000 10+740 10.74 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Satkhira Z-7618 00+000 31+945 31.945 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Satkhira Z-7552 11+382 19+925 8.543 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Satkhira Z-7610 7+020 40+000 32.980 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m
Satkhira Z-7613 00+000 10+100 10.1 2L, 3.5m 2L, 7.5m

4.2.1.2 Surfacing Type

The entire project road stretch has bituminous surface-type pavement. The table below
presents the section list where existing bituminous surface-type pavement exists.

Table 4-2: Surfacing Type

Chainage Length Road Surface

District Road No
From To (km) Type

Khulna Z-7040 00+000 29+200 29.2 Bituminous

Khulna Z-7045 00+000 11+820 11.82 Bituminous
Khulna Z-7615 08+800 24+300 15.50 Bituminous

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Khulna Z-7043 00+000 28+780 28.78 Bituminous

Khulna Z-7603 37+200 45+500 8.30 Bituminous
Bagerhat Z-8409 00+000 24+470 24.47 Bituminous
Bagerhat Z-7801 00+000 22+855 22.885 Bituminous
Bagerhat Z-7718 00+000 42+000 42.00 Bituminous
Bagerhat Z-7704 28+863 36+833 7.97 Bituminous
Bagerhat Z-7701 00+000 25+892 25.892 Bituminous
Bagerhat Z-7045 11+720 19+987 8.267 Bituminous
Bagerhat Z-7714 00+000 10+450 10.45 Bituminous
Bagerhat Z-7716 00+000 10+740 10.74 Bituminous
Satkhira Z-7618 00+000 31+945 31.945 Bituminous
Satkhira Z-7552 11+382 19+925 8.543 Bituminous
Satkhira Z-7610 7+020 40+000 32.980 Bituminous
Satkhira Z-7613 00+000 10+100 10.1 Bituminous

4.2.1.3 Shoulder
Shoulder width varies from 0.5 to 1m along the Project Road. The whole shoulder is
earthen.

4.2.1.4 Embankment Height

The average height of the embankment varies from 1.5m to 1.8m except at approaches to
the bridges.

4.2.1.5 Right of Way

The consultant collected the mouza map, and the revenue maps/records show that the
existing Right of Way (ROW) varies from a minimum of 14m to a maximum of 15m. The
land width (existing ROW) is sufficient for the upgradation of the project road to a 2-lane
with shoulder.

4.2.1.6 Road Signs

Informatory signs, except kilometer posts, do not exist to guide the drivers along the
highway from a safety point of view. Road signs shall be provided as per RHD stipulations.

4.2.1.7 Pavement Condition Survey

Detailed field studies have been carried out to collect pavement/shoulder/drainage
conditions. The pavement condition survey was done primarily by visual observations. The
rating system for pavement condition was done, with reference from IRC: 81-1997 (Clause
4.2.1). A criterion for the classification of pavement sections is given in the table below.

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Table 4-3: Pavement Condition Criteria

Classification Pavement Condition

Good No cracking, rutting less than 10mm
No cracking or cracking confined to a single crack in the wheel
Fair
track with rutting between 10mm and 20mm
Extensive cracking less than 20% and/or rutting greater than
Poor
20mm
Very Poor/Failed Sections with cracking exceeding 20% (Need for Reconstruction)

The overall pavement condition is not good at all.

Table 4-4: Pavement Condition Survey

Chainage Pavement
District Road No Remarks
From To Condition

Khulna Z-7040 00+000 29+200 Fair Broken Surface

Khulna Z-7045 00+000 11+820 Fair Broken Surface
Khulna Z-7615 08+800 24+300 Fair Broken Surface
Khulna Z-7043 00+000 28+780 Fair Surface Cracking
Khulna Z-7603 37+200 45+500 Fair Broken Surface
Extensive
Cracking, Broken
Bagerhat Z-8409 00+000 24+470 Very Poor
Surface, Broken
Shoulder
Broken Surface,
Bagerhat Z-7801 00+000 22+855 Poor
Surface Cracking
Broken Surface,
Bagerhat Z-7718 00+000 42+000 Poor Surface Cracking,
Broken Shoulder
Bagerhat Z-7704 28+863 36+833 Good
Broken Surface,
Bagerhat Z-7701 00+000 25+892 Poor
Surface Cracking
Broken Surface,
Bagerhat Z-7045 11+720 19+987 Poor
Broken Shoulder
Bagerhat Z-7714 00+000 10+450 Good
Bagerhat Z-7716 00+000 10+740 Good
Satkhira Z-7618 00+000 31+945 Good
Satkhira Z-7552 11+382 19+925 Good
Satkhira Z-7610 7+020 40+000 Fair Broken Surface
Satkhira Z-7613 00+000 10+100 Good

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4.2.1.8 Shoulder Condition

The earthen shoulder is observed on both sides along the project road, varying in width
between 0.5 to 1.0m.

Table 4-5: Shoulder Inventory Survey

Road Chainage Pavement Shoulder

District Remarks
No From To Condition Types

Khulna Z-7040 00+000 29+200 Fair Earthen Broken Surface

Khulna Z-7045 00+000 11+820 Fair Earthen Broken Surface
Khulna Z-7615 08+800 24+300 Fair Earthen Broken Surface
Khulna Z-7043 00+000 28+780 Fair Earthen Surface Cracking
Khulna Z-7603 37+200 45+500 Fair Earthen Broken Surface
Extensive
Cracking, Broken
Bagerhat Z-8409 00+000 24+470 Very Poor Earthen
Surface, Broken
Shoulder
Broken Surface,
Bagerhat Z-7801 00+000 22+855 Poor Earthen
Surface Cracking
Broken Surface,
Bagerhat Z-7718 00+000 42+000 Poor Earthen Surface Cracking,
Broken Shoulder
Bagerhat Z-7704 28+863 36+833 Good Earthen
Broken Surface,
Bagerhat Z-7701 00+000 25+892 Poor Earthen
Surface Cracking
Broken Surface,
Bagerhat Z-7045 11+720 19+987 Poor Earthen
Broken Shoulder
Bagerhat Z-7714 00+000 10+450 Good Earthen
Bagerhat Z-7716 00+000 10+740 Good Earthen
Satkhira Z-7618 00+000 31+945 Good Earthen
Satkhira Z-7552 11+382 19+925 Good Earthen
Satkhira Z-7610 7+020 40+000 Fair Earthen Broken Surface
Satkhira Z-7613 00+000 10+100 Good Earthen

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4.2.2 Design Criteria for Roads

4.2.2.1 Design Standards
The design standards of the road are shown in the Table given below. The standard
generally used for geometric design is "Geometric Design Standards for RHD" (after this,
called RHD Standards). However, if RHD Standards have no criteria for a specific item,
the design is conducted based on AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials) standards. Although "Pavement Design Guide for RHD" is
prioritized for pavement design, AASHTO standards may need to be referred.

Table 4-6: Design Standard

Item Standard
Priority: Geometric Design Standards for RHD (2000)
Geometric Design
Reference: AASHTO Standard
Priority: Pavement Design Guide for RHD (2005)
Pavement Design
Reference: AASHTO Standard (1993)

Table 4-7: Geometric Design Criteria

Item Unit Requirement Remarks

Design Speed Km/h 65 50
Horizontal Alignment
Min. Radius (6.2m and 7.3m Carriageway) m 250 120
Min. Radius not Requiring Super-elevation m 1000 500
Vertical Alignment
Maximum Gradient % 3 3 Plain
Min. Vertical Curve K Value m 18 9
Cross Section Elements
Min. Cross Slope for Road % 3.0 3.0
Min. Cross Slope for Bridge % 2.0 2.0
Clearance m 5.7 5.7
Sight Distance (Two Lane Roads)
Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) m 90 60
Intermediate Sight Distance (ISD) m 180 120
Overtaking Sight Distance (OSD) m 360 250

4.2.3 Road Design

4.2.3.1 Design Speed
Design speed is determined based on RHD standards and considering road environment
terrain conditions and so on. Design speed for regional roads is varied from 50 km/h to 80
km/h.

4.2.3.2 Horizontal Alignment

Horizontal alignment, including curve radius and transition curves, is designed following
RHD standards. However, design speed reduction must be considered to mitigate the

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impact on the surrounding environment when the existing radius of the curve does not
meet the standard. Rated values and adopted values are described below, respectively.

1) Minimum Horizontal Curve Radius: 120 m

Table 4-8: Minimum Curve Radius (meters)

Two lane single carriageway

Single Lane Roads
Design Speed roads (5.50 m, 6.2 m, 7.3 m
(3.70 m carriageway)
(km/hr.) carriageway)
ISD SSD ISD OSD
30 120 35 120 500
40 250 65 250 1000
50 500 120 500 2000
65 1000 250 1000 4000
80 - 500 2000 8000
100 - 1000 4000 -

2) Minimum Transition Length: 45 m for 7%, 25m for 5% and 15m for 3% Super-
elevation. The minimum straight transition length is 15m.

Table 4-9: Minimum Design Transition Length (m)

Design Speed Super-elevation, e Straight

(km/hr) 7% 5% 3% Transition
Plan transition length (m), LP Length (m), LC
30 25 15 10 10
40 35 20 13 13
50 45 [55] 25 [35] 15 [20] 15 [20]
65 55 [65] 35 [45] 20 [25] 20 [25]
80 65 [75] 45 [55] 25 [35] 25 [35]
100 75 [95] 55 [65] 35 [45] [45]
Note: Values in brackets refer to dual carriageway roads.

3) Extra carriageway widths on Curves.

Table 4-10: Extra Carriageway Widths on Curves (m)

Single Lane
Two Lane Roads
Radius (m) Roads
3.7 m wide 5.5 m, 6.2 m wide 7.3 m wide
15 1.8 2.4 2.1
16 to 20 1.5 2.1 1.8
21 to 35 1.2 1.8 1.5
36 to 65 0.9 1.5 1.2
66 to 120 0.6 1.2 0.9
121 to 200 Nil 0.9 0.6
201 to 350 Nil 0.6 Nil
351 to 600 Nil 0.6 Nil
601 to 1000 Nil Nil Nil

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4.2.3.3 Vertical Alignment

(1) Concepts of Vertical Alignment:

Vertical alignment is designed in consideration of the following concepts.

A minimum gradient of 0.3% is used in order to provide proper surface drainage.

A maximum gradient of 3.0% is used in accordance with RHD standards.

(2) Vertical Curve, K:

The vertical curve denoted by K, which RHD standards have specified, shall be taken as
9 as the minimum value.

Table 4-11: Minimum Vertical Curve "K values"

Single Lane
Two lane single carriageway roads (5.50 m, 6.2
Design Speed Roads (3.70 m
m, 7.3 m carriageway)
(km/hr) carriageway)
ISD SSD ISD OSD
30 4 2 4 18
40 9 4 9 35
50 18 9 18 70
65 35 18 35 140
80 - 35 70 270
100 - 70 140 540

4.2.3.4 Crossfall
Crossfall is set in accordance with the RHD standards as 3% for Road and 2% for Bridge.

4.2.3.5 Super-elevation
Super-elevation is set in accordance with RHD standards as 7%, 5% and 3% for Radius
of Curve of 65m, 120m and 250m, respectively.

Table 4-12: Minimum Super-elevation requirements (%)

Sight Distance
Design 25 30 45 60 90 120 180 250 360
Speed Curve Radii (m)
(km/hr) 20 35 65 120 250 500 1000 2000 4000
Minimum Super-elevation requirements (%)
30 7 5 3 Nil Nil - - - -
40 - 7 5 3 Nil Nil - - -
50 - - 7 5 3 Nil Nil - -
65 - - - 7 5 3 Nil Nil -
80 - - - - 7 5 3 Nil Nil
100 - - - - - 7 5 3 Nil

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4.2.3.6 Design Levels

It is desirable to build roads so that the bottom level of the pavement (sub-base) will have
a freeboard of 1.0 m above the high flood level calculated for a 30-year return period based
on hydrological data and cross-checked with the recorded highest flood level in the locality.
The level of the Bottom of the Subgrade will be +2.40 m PWD.

4.2.4 Riverbank and Slope Protection Works

A protective cover of a suitable rigid material is applied on the slope and toe of the river
bank so that the soil is protected from flowing water's erosive forces and dynamic waves'
dynamic action. Whatever type of structure used in river training works e.g. guide bund,
groynes/spurs or bank revetment, the protection works can be divided into two main parts
i,e, protection of the bank itself and protection of toe of the bank. The protection of the the
bank is done by revetment using selected materials and toe protection toe is done by
launching an apron or driven piles. The primary function of bank protection work is to
provide a substantial interface between the water flow and the containing ground. The
basic requirements of such improvement are stability, flexibility, durability, easy
maintenance, safety and environmental acceptability.

4.2.5 Pavement Design

4.2.5.1 Introduction
The pavement structure is designed based on the Pavement Design Guide for Roads
&Highways Department (April 2005) and the AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement
Structures (after this, called the AASHTO Pavement Guide).

The AASHTO Pavement Guide determines the pavement layer thickness to provide load-
carrying capacity corresponding to the design structural number (SN). The SN is
calculated using the following formula:

Figure 4-2: SN Calculation Formula

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4.2.5.2 Design Conditions

1) Predicted Number of 18-kip Equivalent Single Axle Load (EASL) Applications (W18)

The design lane ESAL has been calculated using the following basic equation:

ESAL = DD.DL[365∑(VEF.AADT){(1+i)n -1/i)}]

where,

DD = Directional Distribution Factor (equals unit).

DL = Lane Distribution Factor (0.75 for undivided road with two lane carriageway)

VEF = Vehicle Equivalency Factor

AADT = Annual Average Daily Traffic after construction

i = Annual Growth Factor

n = Design Period

The Project's Terms of Reference require that new pavements are to be designed for a
10-year life, with provision for overlays during or at the end of that period to extend the life
to 15-20 years. Therefore, in order to provide a foundation that can sustain 20 years of
structural life, the ESALs (Equivalent Standard Axle Loads) have been calculated for 20
years from the base year to determine the required thickness of the pavement layers. Axle
load equivalency factor for the Project is shown in Tables below along with the predicted
number of 18-kip equivalent single-axle load applications (W18) for the Project.

Table 4-13: Vehicle Equivalency Factors

Truck Truck Truck Bus Bus

Source/Classification Minibus
(Heavy) (Medium) (Small) (Large) (Medium)
Jamuna Axle Load
Analysis (2016-2017)
10.28 11.00 - - - -
[For Bangladesh
Traffic]
RHD Guideline
(2016-2017) 4.80 4.62 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50
[For SAARC Traffic]
RHD Guideline
(2018-2036)
4.80 4.62 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50
[For SAARC &
Bangladesh Traffic]
Adopted 4.80 4.62 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50

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4.2.6 Road Ancillary Facilities

4.2.6.1 Bus Bays and Stopping Places
The bus stopping on the carriageway for picking up and enabling passenger
disembarkation will interfere with traffic flow and can cause accidents and congestion. Bus
Bays should be located outside or beyond a junction, preferably including NMT's parking
areas.

4.2.6.2 Drains

Key points to consider in the design are:

(a) The need for cross drainage, road surface drainage, and sub-surface drainage.
(b) Drain design should prevent silt deposition (too shallow a fall) and excessive scour
(too steep a fall).
(c) Open-lined drains should be in shallow dishes rather than steep-sided U or V-
sections.
(d) In built-up areas, channel drains deeper than 250 mm should be covered for
pedestrians' and vehicles' safety and convenience.
(e) The drain should terminate or run out satisfactorily without risk of causing erosion
or other problems.
(f) The drain should be capable of being cleaned and maintained easily.
4.2.6.3 Barriers
The New Jersey-type barrier is the preferred divider on RHD roads. In urban and semi-
urban areas in Bangladesh, both New Jersey Barrier type and island-type medians should
be appropriate depending on the availability of land. Fencing along dividers/medians to
restrict pedestrians crossing the roads rampantly is also necessary.

For rural Highways, the desirable width of dividers/medians on rural highways is 5.0 m,
but this could be reduced to 3.0 m where land is limited. The normal standard practice for
divided rural highways is to provide 3.0 m separators between opposing direction
roadways, when there is no serious land scarcity. In case of severe constraint situations,
New Jersey-type barriers with a height of a minimum of 1.55 m over the carriageway,
absolute minimum width of barrier at base being 1.0 m and an absolute minimum of 0.60
m width inner paved shoulders with retro-reflective road markings, barrier reflector etc. are
provided.

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4.3 Output Plan

It includes a description of the output and the expected utilization rate. These elements
describe the service provision from the supply side in the context of the forecasted
demand.

4.4 Costs Estimates

Estimated the financial needs for project design, implementation, and operations;
componentwise cost estimates should be provided based on evidence.

4.5 Implementation Timeline

Considering the volume of works, the capacity of implementing agency, budget flow
(MTBF ceiling), project priority, etc., a realistic project timeline and the implementation
schedule should be provided (for example, a Gantt chart with the work plan).

4.6 Traffic Survey and Analysis

4.6.1 Traffic Survey and Forecast

Traffic data serves as the base to derive the need and extent of improvements required in
transport infrastructure projects. It requires considerable attention to orderly identify and
collect the data needed for the study and present the results/analysis meeting the actual
requirements of the study. The types of surveys, locations, and duration must be
determined judiciously to derive a representative picture. Knowing this, particular attention
has been paid to collecting adequate traffic data.

4.6.2 Traffic Survey and Design Traffic

Traffic fluctuates occasionally and from place to place depending upon several variables.
The Growth Rate (GR) of regular traffic is set at 6 to 7 % per year. This growth rate is
considered to be conservative as the growth rate. The growth rate is more in some sub-
highways of the country.

After the construction of a new road, traffic depends upon the following factors:

1. Normal Growth

2. Generated Growth

3. Diverted Growth

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4. Seasonal Fluctuations

5. Irregular Movement

The combined effect of these processes cannot be separated. In this analysis, we can
attempt to present our observed changes before and after the development.

4.6.3 Origin and Destination (O-D) Survey

In conjunction with the MCC, traffic counts, a program of Origin and Destination (O-D)
surveys were undertaken at Easybiike/ Mohendra/ CNG, trucks, cars, motorcycles, bi-
cycle, rickshaws/vans, pick-up buses, Nochimon, Karimon, Alom, Shadhu and others were
stopped by surveyor and interviewed about their trip. In addition to obtaining information
on where they had started this particular trip and where they intended to finish, data was
also collected on their purpose, expected journey time, and in the case of trucks, what load
they were carrying and how entire the vehicle was. The purpose of the question was to
gain an initial appreciation of their purpose and expected journey time which was further
explored with business owners in a structured questionnaire interview.

4.6.4 Traffic Volume Survey Design

Traffic volume surveys determine roadway vehicles' number, movements, and
classifications at a given location. This survey helps to determine traffic flow direction and
number at different periods. For example, the survey data can provide peak-period traffic
numbers. A manual count with 15-or 30 minutes or 60 minutes intervals can be used to
obtain traffic volume data.

The methodology for traffic volume survey is generally uniform for all surveyors. The
surveyor must know what traffic is moving through the given intersection to conduct this
survey. Then he needs to prepare a tally sheet to count traffic. Then comes the central
part, time selection. After selecting a specific time, he must count at that given place. The
counting should be time-specific to achieve accurate data. Then comes the part of the
calculation. There are PCU values for every transport. The researchers calculate the total
PCU value to know the traffic volume condition of that given intersection or place.

The survey will provide traffic volume data. There will be data for traffic numbers and
directions.

These data can interpret the peak and off-peak flow schedule of traffic in that place. It
also identifies the most traffic-caring road. That will remark the origin and destination of
that traffic. These data can also interpret prominent transport on that road. The kind of
traffic moving from there mostly. These data will help us to know that place's present
condition and also help forecast future needs. This will be helpful for transportation

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planners and engineers to determine the future road condition and the solution for current
problems, if any.

4.7 AADT Data for 17 Zilla Road Khulna Circle

4.7.1 AADT for Khulna Region

4.7.1.1 AADT for Z-7040
Table 4-14: AADT Calculation for Z-7040 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 1.0
Medium Truck 20.0
Small Truck 81.0
Large Bus 0.0
Medium Bus 0.0
Micro Bus 0.0
Utility 0.0
Car 0.0
Auto Rickshaw 1469.0
Motor Cycle 707.0
Bi-Cycle 779.0
Cycle Rickshaw 24.0
Cart 0.0
Total Motorized 2278.0
Total Non-Motorized 803.0
Total AADT 3081.0

Table 4-15: Traffic Survey for Z-7040 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 2
Medium Truck 22
Small Truck 84
Large Bus 1
Medium Bus 0
Micro Bus 0
Utility 0
Car 0
Auto Rickshaw 1520
Motor Cycle 726
Bi-Cycle 779
Cycle Rickshaw 39
Cart 0
Total Motorized 2355
Total Non-Motorized 818
Total AADT 3173

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The comparative analysis of traffic conditions on road Z-7040, derived from both the Road
and Highway Department (RHD) data and a consultant's survey, reveals some noteworthy
trends. While the RHD data reports an Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) of 3081
vehicles, the consultant's survey indicates a slightly higher AADT of 3173 vehicles. In
terms of traffic categories, the consultant's survey reveals increases in heavy, medium,
and small trucks, as well as the presence of large buses not accounted for in the RHD
data. Additionally, the consultant's survey reports higher counts of auto rickshaws,
motorcycles, and cycle rickshaws. Although both datasets agree on the total non-
motorized traffic count, the consultant's survey suggests an evolving traffic landscape,
possibly influenced by factors like population growth and changing transportation
preferences.

4.7.1.2 AADT for Z-7045

Table 4-16: AADT Calculation for Z-7045 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 4.0
Medium Truck 41.0
Small Truck 123.0
Large Bus 4.0
Medium Bus 44.0
Micro Bus 13.0
Utility 3.0
Car 8.0
Auto Rickshaw 1825.0
Motor Cycle 553.0
Bi-Cycle 132.0
Cycle Rickshaw 8.0
Cart 1.0
Motorized 2618.0
Non-Motorized 141.0
Total AADT 2759.0

Table 4-17: Traffic Survey for Z-7045 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 5
Medium Truck 45
Small Truck 128
Large Bus 6
Medium Bus 48
Micro Bus 21
Utility 6
Car 14
Auto Rickshaw 1887
Motor Cycle 585
Bi-Cycle 97

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Cycle Rickshaw 13
Cart 0
Motorized 2745
Non-Motorized 110
Total AADT 2855

The traffic conditions on road Z-7045, as reported by the Road and Highway Department
(RHD) data and a consultant's survey, offer valuable insights into the road's usage and
patterns. According to the RHD data in Table 4.16, the Average Annual Daily Traffic
(AADT) is calculated at 2759 vehicles. In this dataset, heavy, medium, and small trucks
are notable contributors to the traffic, with 4.0, 41.0, and 123.0 counts, respectively.
Additionally, the presence of large and medium buses, micro buses, and a modest number
of utility vehicles and cars are evident. Auto rickshaws, motorcycles, and bicycles also
make up a significant portion of the traffic. On the other hand, the consultant's survey data
in Table 4.17 indicates a slightly higher AADT of 2855 vehicles. Notably, the consultant's
survey reports higher counts for heavy, medium, and small trucks, large and medium
buses, micro buses, utility vehicles, and cars. Furthermore, the survey reveals an increase
in auto rickshaws, motorcycles, and cycle rickshaws. However, it's essential to note that
the non-motorized traffic count is lower in the survey data compared to the RHD data.
Overall, these datasets suggest that road Z-7045 experiences significant vehicular traffic,
with the consultant's survey data indicating a potentially growing trend in various vehicle
categories.

4.7.1.3 AADT for Z-7615

Table 4-18: AADT Calculation for Z-7615-1(Dacope-Barobaria-Magurkhali), Z-7615-2
(Magurkhali-Tala Road) (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic Z-7615-1 Traffic Z-7615-2

Heavy Truck 0.0 3.0
Medium Truck 2.0 10.0
Small Truck 18.0 96.0
Large Bus 0.0 0.0
Medium Bus 0.0 5.0
Micro Bus 7.0 0.0
Utility 2.0 0.0
Car 4.0 12.0
Auto Rickshaw 469.0 2354.0
Motor Cycle 518.0 1834.0
Bi-Cycle 368.0 1831.0
Cycle Rickshaw 12.0 59.0
Cart 0.0 1.0
Motorized 1020.0 4314.0
Non-Motorized 380.0 1891.0
Total AADT 1400.0 6205.0

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Table 4-19: Traffic Survey for Z-7615-1(Dacope-Barobaria-Magurkhali), Z-7615-2

(Magurkhali-Tala Road) (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic Z-7615-1 Traffic Z-7615-2

Heavy Truck 2 7
Medium Truck 7 19
Small Truck 26 134
Large Bus 0 0
Medium Bus 11 14
Micro Bus 19 11
Utility 5 0
Car 13 23
Auto Rickshaw 518 2411
Motor Cycle 567 1891
Bi-Cycle 312 1723
Cycle Rickshaw 12 43
Cart 0 0
Motorized 1168 4510
Non-Motorized 324 1766
Total AADT 1492 6276

The traffic conditions on roads Z-7615-1 (Dacope-Barobaria-Magurkhali) and Z-7615-2

(Magurkhali-Tala Road) are depicted in Table 4.18 (RHD data) and Table 4.19
(consultant's survey data). According to the RHD data, the Average Annual Daily Traffic
(AADT) for Z-7615-1 is 1400 vehicles, with a significant presence of auto rickshaws,
motorcycles, and bicycles. Z-7615-2 records a notably higher AADT of 6205 vehicles,
primarily driven by a substantial number of auto rickshaws and motorcycles. In contrast,
the consultant's survey data in Table 4.19 reports a slightly higher AADT for both road
sections, with Z-7615-1 at 1492 vehicles and Z-7615-2 at 6276 vehicles. The survey data
highlights an increase in various vehicle categories for both road segments, particularly
heavy and medium trucks, small trucks, medium and micro buses, utility vehicles, cars,
auto rickshaws, motorcycles, and bicycles. Notably, the consultant's survey indicates a
higher count of non-motorized traffic for both sections.

4.7.1.4 AADT for Z-7043

Table 4-20: AADT Calculation for Z-7043 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 4.0
Medium Truck 111.0
Small Truck 144.0
Large Bus 0.0
Medium Bus 55.0
Micro Bus 26.0
Utility 10.0
Car 20.0
Auto Rickshaw 5087.0

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Motor Cycle 1846.0

Bi-Cycle 2083.0
Cycle Rickshaw 35.0
Cart 0.0
Motorized 7303.0
Non Motorized 2118.0
Total AADT 9421.0

Table 4-21: Traffic Survey for Z-7043 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 7
Medium Truck 119
Small Truck 169
Large Bus 1
Medium Bus 73
Micro Bus 33
Utility 17
Car 31
Auto Rickshaw 5173
Motor Cycle 1875
Bi-Cycle 2052
Cycle Rickshaw 43
Cart 0
Motorized 7498
Non-Motorized 2095
Total AADT 9593

The traffic conditions on road Z-7043, as reported by the Road and Highway Department
(RHD) data in Table 4.20 and the consultant's survey data in Table 4.21, provide a
valuable perspective on the road's usage and traffic patterns. According to the RHD data,
the Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) is calculated at 9421 vehicles, with a significant
presence of auto rickshaws, motorcycles, and bicycles. Notably, the consultant's survey
data reports a slightly higher AADT of 9593 vehicles, indicating a potential increase in
traffic over time. Moreover, the survey data reveals higher counts in various vehicle
categories, including trucks, buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles, and
bicycles. The consultant's survey also records a slightly higher count of non-motorized
traffic. Overall, these datasets underscore the importance of accurate and up-to-date traffic
data for informed road planning and development, suggesting a growing trend in traffic
volume for road Z-7043.

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4.7.1.5 AADT for Z-7603

Table 4-22: AADT Calculation for Z-7603-1 (Satkhira-Asasuni), Z-7603-2 (Goaldanda-
Paikgacha Road) (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic Z-7603-1 Traffic Z-7603-2

Heavy Truck 15.0 15.0
Medium Truck 127.0 127.0
Small Truck 128.0 128.0
Large Bus 3.0 3.0
Medium Bus 204.0 204.0
Micro Bus 27.0 27.0
Utility 12.0 12.0
Car 83.0 83.0
Auto Rickshaw 6211.0 6211.0
Motor Cycle 2811.0 2811.0
Bi-Cycle 2336.0 2336.0
Cycle Rickshaw 6.0 6.0
Cart 0.0 0.0
Motorized 9621.0 9621.0
Non-Motorized 2342.0 2342.0
Total AADT 11963.0 11963.0

Table 4-23: Traffic Survey for Z-7603-1 (Satkhira-Asasuni), Z-7603-2 (Goaldanda-

Paikgacha Road) (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic Z-7603-1 Traffic Z-7603-2

Heavy Truck 19 19
Medium Truck 148 148
Small Truck 152 152
Large Bus 8 8
Medium Bus 235 235
Micro Bus 49 49
Utility 18 18
Car 117 117
Auto Rickshaw 6257 6257
Motor Cycle 2843 2843
Bi-Cycle 2241 2241
Cycle Rickshaw 9 9
Cart 0 0
Motorized 9846 9846
Non-Motorized 2250 2250
Total AADT 12096 12096

The traffic conditions on roads Z-7603-1 (Satkhira-Asasuni) and Z-7603-2 (Goaldanda-

Paikgacha Road) are presented in both the Road and Highway Department (RHD) data
(Table 4.22) and the consultant's survey data (Table 4.23). According to the RHD data,
the Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for both road segments is calculated at 11,963
vehicles, with consistent numbers across various vehicle categories. Remarkably, the
consultant's survey data corroborates this AADT figure precisely at 12,096 vehicles,

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suggesting a high degree of consistency between the two data sources. Both datasets
indicate a substantial presence of heavy and medium trucks, buses, utility vehicles, cars,
auto rickshaws, motorcycles, and bicycles. The consultant's survey also captures a
consistent count of non-motorized traffic. These aligned results highlight the reliability and
agreement between the RHD data and the consultant's survey, reinforcing the robustness
of the traffic information for roads Z-7603-1 and Z-7603-2.

4.7.2 AADT for Bagerhat Region

4.7.2.1 AADT for Z-8409
Table 4-24: AADT Calculation for Z-8409 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 0.0
Medium Truck 0.0
Small Truck 35.0
Large Bus 0.0
Medium Bus 0.0
Micro Bus 18.0
Utility 8.0
Car 26.0
Auto Rickshaw 1155.0
Motor Cycle 748.0
Bi-Cycle 347.0
Cycle Rickshaw 554.0
Cart 2.0
Motorized 1990.0
Non-Motorized 903.0
Total AADT 2893.0

Table 4-25: Traffic Survey for Z-8409 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 0.0
Medium Truck 0.0
Small Truck 41.0
Large Bus 0.0
Medium Bus 0.0
Micro Bus 26.0
Utility 6.0
Car 34.0
Auto Rickshaw 1209.0
Motor Cycle 796.0
Bi-Cycle 347.0
Cycle Rickshaw 569.0
Cart 2.0
Motorized 2112.0
Non-Motorized 918.0
Total AADT 3030.0

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The traffic conditions on road Z-8409, as reported by the Road and Highway Department
(RHD) data in Table 4.24 and the consultant's survey data in Table 4.25, provide insight
into the road's traffic patterns. According to the RHD data, the Average Annual Daily Traffic
(AADT) is calculated at 2,893 vehicles, with a notable presence of small trucks, micro
buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles, and cycle rickshaws.
In contrast, the consultant's survey data reports a slightly higher AADT of 3,030 vehicles,
indicating a potential increase in traffic. Both datasets align closely in terms of vehicle
categories, with consistent counts for various vehicle types, including small trucks, micro
buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, and two-wheelers. The consultant's survey
data also captures a similar count of non-motorized traffic. Overall, these datasets provide
a consistent picture of the traffic conditions on road Z-8409, with the consultant's survey
data suggesting a marginal growth in traffic volume over the RHD data.

4.7.2.2 AADT for Z-7801

Table 4-26: AADT Calculation for Z-7801 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 0.0
Medium Truck 5.0
Small Truck 17.0
Large Bus 4.0
Medium Bus 3.0
Micro Bus 13.0
Utility 9.0
Car 22.0
Auto Rickshaw 2708.0
Motor Cycle 1212.0
Bi-Cycle 940.0
Cycle Rickshaw 58.0
Cart 10.0
Motorized 3993.0
Non-Motorized 1008.0
Total AADT 5001.0

Table 4-27: Traffic Survey for Z-7801 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 0
Medium Truck 7
Small Truck 23
Large Bus 6
Medium Bus 5
Micro Bus 19
Utility 9
Car 31
Auto Rickshaw 2793
Motor Cycle 1256

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Bi-Cycle 987
Cycle Rickshaw 58
Cart 10
Motorized 4149
Non-Motorized 1055
Total AADT 5204

The traffic conditions on road Z-7801, as reported by the Road and Highway Department
(RHD) data in Table 4.26 and the consultant's survey data in Table 4.27, provide valuable
insights into the road's traffic patterns. According to the RHD data, the Average Annual
Daily Traffic (AADT) is calculated at 5,001 vehicles, with a mix of various vehicle
categories, including trucks, buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles,
bicycles, cycle rickshaws, and carts. In contrast, the consultant's survey data reports a
slightly higher AADT of 5,204 vehicles, indicating a potential increase in traffic volume.
Both datasets exhibit a close alignment in terms of vehicle categories, with consistent
counts for heavy, medium, and small trucks, as well as buses, utility vehicles, and two-
wheelers. The consultant's survey data also captures a similar count of non-motorized
traffic. Overall, these datasets offer a consistent depiction of the traffic conditions on road
Z-7801, with the consultant's survey data hinting at a modest growth in traffic compared to
the RHD data.

4.7.2.3 AADT for Z-7716

Table 4-28: AADT Calculation for Z-7716 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 0.0
Medium Truck 2.0
Small Truck 1.0
Large Bus 1.0
Medium Bus 0.0
Micro Bus 0.0
Utility 0.0
Car 0.0
Auto Rickshaw 475.0
Motor Cycle 321.0
Bi-Cycle 214.0
Cycle Rickshaw 9.0
Cart 0.0
Motorized 800.0
Non Motorized 223.0
Total AADT 1023.0

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Table 4-29: Traffic Survey for Z-7716 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 0
Medium Truck 4
Small Truck 5
Large Bus 1
Medium Bus 0
Micro Bus 3
Utility 0
Car 0
Auto Rickshaw 547
Motor Cycle 352
Bi-Cycle 214
Cycle Rickshaw 9
Cart 0
Motorized 912
Non Motorized 223
Total AADT 1135

The traffic conditions on road Z-7716, as reported by the Road and Highway Department
(RHD) data in Table 4.28 and the consultant's survey data in Table 4.29, reveal the road's
traffic patterns. According to the RHD data, the Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) is
calculated at 1,023 vehicles, with a predominant presence of auto rickshaws, motorcycles,
bicycles, and a small number of trucks and buses. In contrast, the consultant's survey data
reports a slightly higher AADT of 1,135 vehicles, indicating a potential increase in traffic.
Both datasets exhibit consistency in vehicle categories, with modest counts for trucks,
buses, auto rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles, and cycle rickshaws. The consultant's
survey data also captures a similar count of non-motorized traffic. Overall, these datasets
offer a coherent portrayal of the traffic conditions on road Z-7716, with the consultant's
survey data suggesting a marginal growth in traffic compared to the RHD data.

4.7.2.4 AADT for Z-7718

Table 4-30: AADT Calculation for Z-7718 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 3.0
Medium Truck 113.0
Small Truck 234.0
Large Bus 2.0
Medium Bus 10.0
Micro Bus 22.0
Utility 8.0
Car 29.0
Auto Rickshaw 750.0
Motor Cycle 1291.0
Bi-Cycle 583.0

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Cycle Rickshaw 73.0

Cart 2.0
Motorized 2462.0
Non-Motorized 658.0
Total AADT 3120.0

Table 4-31: Traffic Survey for Z-7718 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 5
Medium Truck 121
Small Truck 242
Large Bus 0
Medium Bus 17
Micro Bus 27
Utility 11
Car 37
Auto Rickshaw 798
Motor Cycle 1346
Bi-Cycle 583
Cycle Rickshaw 73
Cart 2
Motorized 2604
Non-Motorized 658
Total AADT 3262

The traffic conditions on road Z-7718, as reported by the Road and Highway Department
(RHD) data in Table 4.30 and the consultant's survey data in Table 4.31, offer a
comprehensive view of the road's traffic patterns. According to the RHD data, the Average
Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) is calculated at 3,120 vehicles, with a significant presence of
medium and small trucks, buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles,
bicycles, cycle rickshaws, and carts. In contrast, the consultant's survey data reports a
slightly higher AADT of 3,262 vehicles, suggesting a potential increase in traffic. Both
datasets align closely in terms of vehicle categories, with consistent counts for heavy and
medium trucks, small trucks, buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles,
bicycles, and cycle rickshaws. The consultant's survey data also captures a similar count
of non-motorized traffic. Overall, these datasets provide a harmonious depiction of the
traffic conditions on road Z-7718, with the consultant's survey data indicating a marginal
growth in traffic volume over the RHD data.

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4.7.2.5 AADT for Z-7701

Table 4-32: AADT Calculation for Z-7701(Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 0.0
Medium Truck 2.0
Small Truck 14.0
Large Bus 0.0
Medium Bus 0.0
Micro Bus 0.0
Utility 0.0
Car 2.0
Auto Rickshaw 129.0
Motor Cycle 163.0
Bi-Cycle 140.0
Cycle Rickshaw 31.0
Cart 1.0
Motorized 310.0
Non-Motorized 172.0
Total AADT 482.0

Table 4-33: Traffic Survey for Z-7701 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 0
Medium Truck 2
Small Truck 14
Large Bus 0
Medium Bus 0
Micro Bus 0
Utility 0
Car 2
Auto Rickshaw 195
Motor Cycle 183
Bi-Cycle 168
Cycle Rickshaw 31
Cart 1
Motorized 396
Non-Motorized 200
Total AADT 596

The traffic conditions on road Z-7701, as reported by the Road and Highway Department
(RHD) data in Table 4.32 and the consultant's survey data in Table 4.33, provide an
overview of the road's traffic patterns. According to the RHD data, the Average Annual
Daily Traffic (AADT) is calculated at 482 vehicles, with a presence of small trucks, cars,
auto rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles, cycle rickshaws, and carts. In contrast, the
consultant's survey data reports a higher AADT of 596 vehicles, indicating a potential
increase in traffic. Both datasets align closely in terms of vehicle categories, with

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consistent counts for trucks, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles, and cycle
rickshaws. The consultant's survey data captures a similar count of non-motorized traffic.
Overall, these datasets present a coherent picture of the traffic conditions on road Z-7701,
with the consultant's survey data suggesting a modest growth in traffic compared to the
RHD data.

4.7.2.6 AADT for Z-7704

Table 4-34: AADT Calculation for Z-7704 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Traffic Z- Traffic Z- Traffic Z- Traffic Z- Traffic Z-

Categories 7704-1 7704-2 7704-3 7704-4 7704-5
Heavy 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 55.0
Truck
Medium 64.0 64.0 44.0 44.0 220.0
Truck
Small 90.0 90.0 57.0 57.0 354.0
Truck
Large Bus 95.0 95.0 129.0 129.0 223.0
Medium 74.0 74.0 4.0 4.0 107.0
Bus
Micro Bus 29.0 29.0 43.0 43.0 120.0
Utility 15.0 15.0 21.0 21.0 89.0
Car 39.0 39.0 504.0 504.0 193.0
Auto 2722.0 2722.0 1575.0 1575.0 4051.0
Rickshaw
Motor 1997.0 1997.0 626.0 626.0 1964.0
Cycle
Bi-Cycle 850.0 850.0 288.0 288.0 242.0
Cycle 53.0 53.0 23.0 23.0 242.0
Rickshaw
Cart 1.0 1.0 6.0 6.0 10.0
Motorized 5128.0 5128.0 3005.0 3005.0 7376.0
Non- 904.0 904.0 317.0 317.0 494.0
Motorized
Total 6032.0 6032.0 3322.0 3322.0 7870.0
AADT

Table 4-35: Traffic Survey for Z-7704 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Traffic Z- Traffic Z- Traffic Z- Traffic Z- Traffic Z-

Categories 7704-1 7704-2 7704-3 7704-4 7704-5
Heavy 4 4 3 3 61
Truck
Medium 68 68 46 46 227
Truck
Small 97 97 61 61 367
Truck
Large Bus 99 99 134 134 229
Medium 82 82 7 7 114
Bus

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Micro Bus 29 29 48 48 127

Utility 15 15 22 22 92
Car 39 39 519 519 202
Auto 2804 2804 1623 1623 5009
Rickshaw
Motor 2008 2008 645 645 1964
Cycle
Bi-Cycle 850 850 288 288 242
Cycle 53 53 29 29 242
Rickshaw
Cart 1 1 6 6 10
Motorized 5245 5245 3108 3108 8392
Non- 904 904 323 323 494
Motorized
Total 6149 6149 3431 3431 8886
AADT

The traffic conditions on road Z-7704, divided into five segments as indicated in Table
4.34 (RHD data) and Table 4.35 (consultant's survey data), provide a comprehensive view
of the road's traffic dynamics. According to the RHD data, the Average Annual Daily Traffic
(AADT) for each segment ranges from 3,322 to 7,870 vehicles. These figures include a
mix of vehicle categories such as trucks, buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws,
motorcycles, bicycles, cycle rickshaws, and carts. In contrast, the consultant's survey data
consistently reports higher AADT numbers for each segment, ranging from 3,431 to 8,886
vehicles, suggesting a potential increase in traffic. Both datasets closely align in terms of
vehicle categories, with consistent counts for various vehicle types across the segments.
The consultant's survey data also captures a similar count of non-motorized traffic. Overall,
these datasets offer a comprehensive and consistent depiction of the traffic conditions on
road Z-7704, with the consultant's survey data indicating slightly higher traffic volumes
across all segments compared to the RHD data.

4.7.2.7 AADT for Z-7045

Table 4-36: AADT Calculation for Z-7045 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 4.0
Medium Truck 41.0
Small Truck 123.0
Large Bus 4.0
Medium Bus 44.0
Micro Bus 13.0
Utility 3.0
Car 8.0
Auto Rickshaw 1825.0
Motor Cycle 553.0
Bi-Cycle 132.0

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Cycle Rickshaw 8.0

Cart 1.0
Motorized 2618.0
Non-Motorized 141.0
Total AADT 2759.0

Table 4-37: Traffic Survey for Z-7045 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 5
Medium Truck 46
Small Truck 129
Large Bus 5
Medium Bus 49
Micro Bus 21
Utility 4
Car 15
Auto Rickshaw 1894
Motor Cycle 573
Bi-Cycle 143
Cycle Rickshaw 8
Cart 1
Motorized 2741
Non-Motorized 152
Total AADT 2893

4.7.2.8 AADT for Z-7714

Table 4-38: Traffic Survey for Z-7014 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 2.0
Medium Truck 3.0
Small Truck 2.0
Large Bus 1.0
Medium Bus 1.0
Micro Bus 1.0
Utility 1.0
Car 2.0
Auto Rickshaw 520.0
Motor Cycle 342.0
Bi-Cycle 210.0
Cycle Rickshaw 15.0
Cart 0.0
Motorized 875.0
Non-Motorized 225.0
Total AADT 1100.0

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In the absence of RHD traffic data for road Z-7014, the consultant's survey data provides
valuable insights into the road's traffic conditions. According to the consultant's survey, the
Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) on this road is reported as 1,100 vehicles. This
dataset encompasses a variety of vehicle categories, including heavy trucks, medium
trucks, small trucks, large buses, medium buses, micro buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto
rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles, cycle rickshaws, and carts. It presents a comprehensive
view of the traffic composition, indicating a moderate traffic volume on the road. While a
direct comparison with RHD data is unavailable, the consultant's survey data serves as a
critical resource for understanding and planning for the traffic dynamics on road Z-7014.

4.7.3 AADT for Satkhira Region

4.7.3.1 AADT for Z-7618
Table 4-39: AADT Calculation for Z-7618 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic Z-7618-1 Traffic Z-7618-2

Heavy Truck 0.0 0.0
Medium Truck 1.0 1.0
Small Truck 3.0 3.0
Large Bus 0.0 0.0
Medium Bus 57.0 57.0
Micro Bus 0.0 0.0
Utility 2.0 2.0
Car 1.0 1.0
Auto Rickshaw 133.0 133.0
Motor Cycle 515.0 515.0
Bi-Cycle 352.0 352.0
Cycle Rickshaw 8.0 8.0
Cart 0.0 0.0
Motorized 712.0 712.0
Non-Motorized 360.0 360.0
Total AADT 1072.0 1072.0

Table 4-40: Traffic Survey for Z-7618 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic Z-7618-1 Traffic Z-7618-2

Heavy Truck 0 0
Medium Truck 3 3
Small Truck 5 5
Large Bus 0 0
Medium Bus 63 63
Micro Bus 2 2
Utility 2 2
Car 6 6
Auto Rickshaw 231 231
Motor Cycle 521 521

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Bi-Cycle 352 352

Cycle Rickshaw 14 14
Cart 0 0
Motorized 833 833
Non-Motorized 366 366
Total AADT 1199 1199

The traffic conditions on road Z-7618, divided into two segments as presented in Table
4.38 (RHD data) and Table 4.39 (consultant's survey data), provide insights into the road's
traffic dynamics. According to the RHD data, the Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for
both segments is calculated at 1,072 vehicles. These figures encompass a range of
vehicle categories, including trucks, buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws,
motorcycles, bicycles, cycle rickshaws, and carts. In contrast, the consultant's survey data
consistently reports higher AADT numbers for both segments, totaling 1,199 vehicles. This
suggests a potential increase in traffic, with both datasets closely aligning in terms of
vehicle categories, with consistent counts for various vehicle types across the segments.
The consultant's survey data also captures a similar count of non-motorized traffic. Overall,
these datasets offer a comprehensive and consistent depiction of the traffic conditions on
road Z-7618, with the consultant's survey data indicating slightly higher traffic volumes
compared to the RHD data for both segments.

4.7.3.2 AADT for Z-7552

Table 4-41: AADT Calculation for Z-7552 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic Z-7552-1 Traffic Z-7552-2

Heavy Truck 1.0 1.0
Medium Truck 99.0 99.0
Small Truck 140.0 140.0
Large Bus 0.0 0.0
Medium Bus 0.0 0.0
Micro Bus 12.0 12.0
Utility 3.0 3.0
Car 15.0 15.0
Auto Rickshaw 1176.0 1176.0
Motor Cycle 1184.0 1184.0
Bi-Cycle 996.0 996.0
Cycle Rickshaw 17.0 17.0
Cart 9.0 9.0
Motorized 2630.0 2630.0
Non-Motorized 1022.0 1022.0
Total AADT 3652.0 3652.0

Table 4-42: Traffic Survey for Z-7552 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic Z-7552-1 Traffic Z-7552-2

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Heavy Truck 2 2
Medium Truck 103 103
Small Truck 152 152
Large Bus 0 0
Medium Bus 0 0
Micro Bus 17 17
Utility 3 3
Car 19 19
Auto Rickshaw 1221 1221
Motor Cycle 1208 1208
Bi-Cycle 1012 1012
Cycle Rickshaw 23 23
Cart 9 9
Motorized 2725 2725
Non-Motorized 1044 1044
Total AADT 3769 3769

According to the RHD data, the Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for both segments is
calculated at 3,652 vehicles, with a mix of vehicle categories including trucks, buses, utility
vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles, cycle rickshaws, and carts. In
contrast, the consultant's survey data consistently reports a slightly higher AADT for both
segments, totaling 3,769 vehicles, indicating a potential increase in traffic. Both datasets
align closely in terms of vehicle categories, with consistent counts for heavy and medium
trucks, small trucks, micro buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles,
bicycles, and cycle rickshaws. The consultant's survey data also captures a similar count
of non-motorized traffic. Overall, these datasets provide a comprehensive and consistent
portrayal of the traffic conditions on road Z-7552, with the consultant's survey data
suggesting a modestly higher traffic volume compared to the RHD data for both segments.

4.7.3.3 AADT for Z-7610

Table 4-43: AADT Calculation for Z-7610 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 0.0
Medium Truck 26.0
Small Truck 88.0
Large Bus 0.0
Medium Bus 0.0
Micro Bus 12.0
Utility 3.0
Car 22.0
Auto Rickshaw 2020.0
Motor Cycle 2229.0
Bi-Cycle 409.0
Cycle Rickshaw 9.0

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Cart 0.0
Motorized 4400.0
Non-Motorized 418.0
Total AADT 4818.0

Table 4-44: Traffic Survey for Z-7610 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 0
Medium Truck 34
Small Truck 94
Large Bus 0
Medium Bus 0
Micro Bus 21
Utility 4
Car 29
Auto Rickshaw 2074
Motor Cycle 2264
Bi-Cycle 409
Cycle Rickshaw 9
Cart 0
Motorized 4520
Non-Motorized 418
Total AADT 4938

The traffic conditions on road Z-7610, as reported in Table 4.42 (RHD data) and Table
4.43 (consultant's survey data), offer valuable insights into the road's traffic dynamics.
According to the RHD data, the Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) on this road is
calculated at 4,818 vehicles, comprising various vehicle categories such as trucks, buses,
utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles, cycle rickshaws, and carts. In
contrast, the consultant's survey data consistently reports a higher AADT of 4,938
vehicles, indicating a potential increase in traffic. Both datasets closely align in terms of
vehicle categories, with consistent counts for medium and small trucks, micro buses, utility
vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles, and cycle rickshaws. The
consultant's survey data also captures a similar count of non-motorized traffic. Overall,
these datasets provide a comprehensive and coherent depiction of the traffic conditions
on road Z-7610, with the consultant's survey data suggesting slightly higher traffic volumes
compared to the RHD data.

4.7.3.4 AADT for Z-7613

Table 4-45: AADT Calculation for Z-7613 (Obtain from RHD)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 1.0
Medium Truck 37.0

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Small Truck 44.0

Large Bus 0.0
Medium Bus 4.0
Micro Bus 12.0
Utility 6.0
Car 20.0
Auto Rickshaw 1388.0
Motor Cycle 1771.0
Bi-Cycle 894.0
Cycle Rickshaw 16.0
Cart 1.0
Motorized 3283.0
Non-Motorized 911.0
Total AADT 4194.0

Table 4-46: Traffic Survey for Z-7613 (Conducted by Consultant)

Traffic Categories Traffic

Heavy Truck 2
Medium Truck 45
Small Truck 44
Large Bus 0
Medium Bus 4
Micro Bus 12
Utility 6
Car 20
Auto Rickshaw 1467
Motor Cycle 1834
Bi-Cycle 894
Cycle Rickshaw 16
Cart 1
Motorized 3434
Non-Motorized 911
Total AADT 4345

The traffic conditions on road Z-7613, as depicted in Table 4.44 (RHD data) and Table
4.45 (consultant's survey data), offer a clear picture of the road's traffic dynamics.
According to the RHD data, the Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) on this road is
calculated at 4,194 vehicles, encompassing various vehicle categories including trucks,
buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles, cycle rickshaws, and
carts. In contrast, the consultant's survey data consistently reports a slightly higher AADT
of 4,345 vehicles, suggesting a potential increase in traffic. Both datasets closely align in
terms of vehicle categories, with consistent counts for medium and small trucks, micro
buses, utility vehicles, cars, auto rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles, and cycle rickshaws.
The consultant's survey data also captures a similar count of non-motorized traffic. Overall,

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these datasets offer a comprehensive and coherent depiction of the traffic conditions on
road Z-7613, with the consultant's survey data indicating a slightly higher traffic volume
compared to the RHD data.

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Section 5: Environmental Sustainability, Climate

Resilience, and Disaster Risk Analysis

5.1 Environmental, Climate Change, and Disaster Risk Analysis

The economic effects/impacts of an environmental disaster, climate change, and possible

compensations for ecological damages have been addressed below:

5.1.1 EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a formal process to examine the ecological
consequences of proposed projects and policies and suggest relevant management
actions. The objective of an EIA is to ensure that potential problems are foreseen and
addressed at an early stage in the project's planning and design. An EIA should-

• Review the sites of intersection for the Improvement of 17 Important Zila Roads,
different components/ interventions are to be implemented and identify potential
environmental impacts to be considered in the project's planning, design, and
implementation stage.
• Identify sources of impacts of the project activities during pre-construction,
construction, and operational stages on the various environmental parameters and
recognize those critical to the change resulting from the project's development or
construction phase.
• Recommend an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to avoid or mitigate
adverse environmental impacts and enhance the positive contributions of the
project site in Improvement of 17 Important Zila Roads.
• Prepare an implementable Environmental Management Plan (EMP) integrating the
measures to the identified/anticipated impacts with suggested mitigation measures
and an appropriate monitoring and supervision mechanism to ensure EMP
implementation.

5.1.2 Scopes of EIA

The scope of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) study associated with a proposed
road project and ancillary facilities comprises the acts like presenting a general description
of the project activities, describing the baseline environment, outlining the socio-economic
background around, suggesting the plan for managing the environmental impacts during
implementation and operation, and finally estimating the cost for ecological safeguard
compliance issues involved during construction and operation phases.

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The specific scopes describe the pre-project environment (baseline environment).

• Delineate the significant environmental issues found and believed to be involved.

Identify the ecological impacts of the project and quantify them to the extent
possible.
• Suggest the plan for managing the environmental impacts during the
implementation and operation of the project.
• Suggesting the environmental safeguard issues to be incorporated in the tender
document for the performance of sub-projects.

5.1.3 Methodology
The EIA study has been carried out as an essential obligation of TOR and DOE
requirements for such a project. This report is based on the primary data generated during
the study period, secondary data from various sources, and information from field visits
and the project proponent. An evaluation of the statement followed these to delineate the
significant environmental issues relating to the project of the proposed site in the
Improvement of 17 Important Zila Roads in Khulna Circle. During this process, the
following steps have been observed.

The task of preparing the EIA report consisted of the following sequential components:

• Identification and screening of the environmental parameters relevant to the

proposed project through a scoping process;
• Assessment of the magnitude of the potential adverse impacts for relevant ecological
parameters;
• Formulation of avoidance/mitigation measures to address the potential adverse
impacts and preparation of a monitoring program during project implementation.

Scoping and field visits to the project sites identified the environmental parameters/
components (relevant to the project actions) which are susceptible to being affected. The
field visit also included a participatory approach, which involved discussions with local
people to determine the perceptions and priorities of the stakeholders in the Project area.
Apart from the local people, information was also obtained from the local school teacher
and the local government. Information was also derived from secondary sources like
different reports, journals, Satellite Image Analysis, research papers, NGOs, government
officials, etc.

5.1.4 Limitations of the Study

The present EIA Report has been prepared based on the primary field
investigations/assessments and secondary data collected from various government

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departments. Climatic data from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), the

Department of Environment, Bangladesh (DoE), published journals, books, public
consultation with local stakeholders, and site observations has been used. The
environmental and social assessment is based on the information collected from various
agencies, community consultations, and observations. Professional judgment and
subjective interpretation of facts and observations have been applied to prepare the EIA
Report. The proposed project is now in the initial study stage, tentative negative impacts
are assumed during this study, and a detailed EIA study will be required.

5.2 Assessment of Disaster Resilience of the Project

5.2.1 Physio-Chemical Environment

5.2.1.1 Geology and Seismicity
The geology of Bangladesh is generally dominated by poorly consolidated sediments
deposit over the past 10,000 to 15,000 years (Holocene age). It is mainly characterized by
a basin's rapid subsidence and filling in which a vast thickness of deltaic sediments was
deposited gradually from the north to the south. The delta building continues in the Bay of
Bengal, and a broad fluvial front of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River system slowly
follows it from behind.

5.2.1.2 Geology
The geology of Bangladesh is generally dominated by poorly consolidated sediments
deposit over the past 10,000 to 15,000 years (Holocene age). It is mainly characterized by
a basin's rapid subsidence and filling in which a colossal thickness of deltaic sediments
was deposited gradually from the north to the south. The delta building continues in the
present Bay of Bengal, and a broad fluvial front of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
(GBM) River system gradually follows it from behind. The area is located within the Bengal
Delta, which is a large deltaic plain formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra,
and Meghna rivers. These rivers have deposited large amounts of sediment, creating a
flat, low-lying terrain prone to flooding and other geological hazards. The sediment
deposits consist of sand, silt, clay, and gravel and are interbedded with clay and silt layers.
These sediments have been found to be rich in minerals, including coal and natural gas.

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Project
Site

Figure 5-1: Proposed Project Site on Soil Track Map of Bangladesh

5.2.1.3 Soil Characteristics

The soil of Bangladesh can broadly be classified into seven tracts: (1) Madjhupur Tract or
Red Soil Tract, (2) Barind Tract, (3) Teesta Silt, (4) Brahmaputra Alluvium, (5) Gangetic
Alluvium, (6) Coastal Saline Tract, and (7) Hill Tracts.

The soil type in Khulna, Satkhira, and Bagerhat, Bangladesh, is likely to be predominantly
alluvial. Alluvial soil is formed by depositing sediment from rivers and is commonly found
in the low-lying delta regions of Bangladesh. Alluvial soil in Bangladesh is usually
composed of clay, silt, and sand and is known for its high fertility and water-holding
capacity. The soil in Khulna, Satkhira, and Bagerhat is also very porous, meaning it can
hold much water. This is important for agriculture, as it allows the crops to get the water
they need during the dry season.

5.2.1.4 Seismicity
Bangladesh is divided into four seismic zones (Zone-I, II, III, & IV). The project area is
shown on the earthquake zone map, where the proposed roads of Khulna, Satkhira, and

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Bagerhat fall into Zone I. The seismic coefficient of 0.12 shall be followed during the
infrastructure design, and the national building code of Bangladesh is to be followed during
design works.

Figure 5-2: Proposed Project Site and Earthquake Zone of

Bangladesh

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5.2.1.5 Climate
Bangladesh is located in the central part of the Asiatic monsoon region, where the climate
is tropical. The relatively small size of the country and generally low-lying areas cause
moderate spatial variation of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speeds,
and other climatic variables. Three seasons are generally recognized as a hot, muggy
summer from March to June and a hot, humid, and rainy monsoon season from June to
November. More than 85% of the total annual rainfall occurs, and a moderately cold, dry
winter from December to February. The beginning of the rainy season varies from year to
year; heavy rains may commence between mid-April and early June and may end between
the end of September and mid-November.

Khulna is located in Bangladesh's delta region, which has a tropical wet and dry climate.
Khulna gets less rainfall than other parts of Bangladesh due to its location and the effects
of the Sundarbans south of the city. Its annual average rainfall is 1,878.4 mm (73.95 in)h
about 87 percent falling between May and October. Khulna also receives heavy rain from
cyclones in the Bay of Bengal. The city has an annual average temperature of 26.3 °C
(79.3 °F), with monthly averages ranging from 11.4 °C (52.5 °F) on January mornings to
34.6 °C (94.3 °F) during April afternoons.

Like Khulna, Bagerhat is also located in the delta region of Bangladesh, which has a
tropical wet and dry climate. Heavy rains and high humidity characterize the wet season
in Bagerhat. The average annual rainfall in Bagerhat is 1,695 mm (66.7 in). The wettest
month is July, with an average rainfall of 350 mm (13.8 in), and the driest month is
December, with an average rainfall of 16 mm (0.63 in). The average temperature in
Bagerhat is 28.9°C (84.02°F). The hottest month is May, with an average temperature of
33.3°C (91.94°F), and the coldest month is January, with an average temperature of
23.8°C (74.84°F).

Satkhira, located in the delta region of Bangladesh, experiences a tropical wet and dry
climate. Satkhira has a monthly mean temperature above 18 °C (64 °F) every month of
the year and typically a pronounced dry season, with the driest month having precipitation
less than 60mm (2.36 in). The annual average maximum temperature reaches 35.5 °C
(95.9 °F); the minimum temperature is 12.5 °C (54.5 °F). The annual rainfall is 1710 mm
(67 in).

5.2.1.6 Cyclone and Tidal Surge

Bangladesh often becomes the landing ground of cyclones formed in the Bay of Bengal.
This is because of the funnel-shaped coast of the Bay of Bengal. Most of the damage
occurs in the coastal regions of Khulna, Patuakhali, Barisal, Noakhali, and Chittagong and

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the offshore islands of Bhola, Hatiya, Sandwip, Manipura, Kutubdia, Maheshkhali, Nijhum
Dwip, Urir Char and other newly formed islands. The Management Information &
Monitoring (MIM) prepared a cyclone risk map. The figure shows that the proposed project
site doesn’t fall under the Cyclone-affected area.

Figure 5-3: Locations of the Proposed Project Site on Bangladesh's Cyclone and Flood
Affected Risk Map
Source: (SPARRSO, Banglapedia, 2020)
5.2.1.7 Floods
Bangladesh is prone to flooding; coastal flooding and bursting Bangladesh's riverbanks
are common and severely affect the country's landscape. 75% of Bangladesh is less than
10m above sea level, and 80% is floodplain. Therefore, the above figure shows the project
site's position over Bangladesh's flood risk map. It can be observed that the proposed
project areas are subject to coastal tidal surge-prone areas. So, the site's height and flood
level should be considered during design. The map shows that the project area falls into
Monsoon Flood Area

5.2.1.8 Ground Water Quality

The study area's urban water supply system is dependent on groundwater resources.
Groundwater not contaminated with bacteria and comparatively low in arsenic content is
pumped up from a well and conveyed through the distribution main without treatment.
Groundwater from hand tube wells is mainly used for domestic purposes. Drilling hand

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tube wells is easy and cheap, enabling a large water volume to pump anywhere.
Consequently, there are many public and private wells in the study area.

5.2.1.9 Surface Water Quality

5.2.1.9.1 Khulna
The main Rivers beside the proposed road are the Rupsha River, Bhairab River,
Kopotakkho River, Baleshwar River, Kobadak River, Bhadra River, Mayur River. The
surface water conditions in the Khulna Zone's road areas exhibit a distinct interplay of
geography, hydrology, and infrastructure. The region's road network is closely intertwined
with its network of rivers, streams, canals, and water bodies, which play a pivotal role in
transportation, irrigation, and local ecosystems. These waterways often run parallel to
roads, influencing their layout and maintenance. The road areas in the Khulna Zone
experience varying degrees of surface water interaction throughout the year. During the
monsoon season, heavy rainfall can lead to temporary flooding of roads, causing
transportation disruptions and impacting residents' daily lives. Road infrastructure in low-
lying areas is particularly susceptible to such events. Proper drainage systems are
essential to manage excess water runoff and prevent road damage. Additionally, the
presence of water bodies alongside roads contributes to the region's overall aesthetic and
ecological value.

5.2.1.9.2 Bagerhat
The main Rivers beside the proposed road are the Bhairab River, Balaswar River,
Kaliganga River, Madhumati River, and Dharatan Rivers. All the rivers are tidal. The river
water is saline with a high sediment load and high turbidity. The surface water quality is
not so good. The rivers are polluted with industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage.
Kendua Bil also exists in the proposed project area. Typically, households use pond water
for various domestic and sometimes agricultural purposes. Ponds are also generally used
for fish culture.

5.2.1.9.3 Satkhira
The main Rivers beside the proposed road are the Kobadak River, Kopotakkho River,
Betna River, Kholpetua River, and Chuna River. All the rivers are tidal. The river water is
saline with a high sediment load and high turbidity. The surface water quality of these
rivers is generally poor. They are polluted with organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metals
from sewage, agricultural runoff, and industrial pollution. Typically, households use pond
water for various domestic and sometimes agricultural purposes. Ponds are also generally
used for fish culture.

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From the surface water quality test, it was observed that river surface water contains fecal
coliform. River water is also saline. It may cause a human health hazard. So, laborers
should use PPE (like hand gloves and safety boots). Saltwater can be very damaging to
concrete. The adequate clear cover should also reinforce the concrete. Rich concrete with
a low water-cement ratio may also use, which makes the concrete impervious & will protect
the reinforcement from saltwater. The admixture may also use to protect concrete from
saltwater. Aggregates for making concrete should be thoroughly washed with fresh water
to reduce the chloride ion concentration.

5.2.1.10 Ecological Environment

This section includes the present status of the prime ecological features for the proposed
Road project. The study covers both flora and fauna (including fish) within the influence
area of the proposed project study site. In addition, the extent to which that may be
impacted due to the proposed project activities. A team visited the proposed project and
its surrounding area in August 2023 to collect first-hand floral and faunal diversity data.
The study was conducted only in the daytime. Herapetic-faunal and mammalian surveys
were done through visual search, discussion with local people, and literature review. Aural
and visual searching was the primary method for ornithological study. Information on
fisheries was collected through regional fish market surveys and interviews with anglers
fishing in local ponds, Bhairab River, Balaswar River, Betna River, Chuna River, Dharatan
River, Kaliganga River, Kobadak River, Kholpetua River, Kopotakkho River, Madhumati
River, and nearby water bodies. The central floral survey methods were rapid field surveys
and local people discussions. The collected data were cross-checked with information
from the available literature. However, this baseline information will be used in the relevant
section of this report to identify and assess the impact of the proposed project activities on
the existing ecological resources and suggest mitigation measures for those impacts.

This baseline ecological study considered the macroecological aspects of the proposed
reconstruction of the road project site and the adjacent areas. Macroecological factors
primarily consist of floral and faunal diversity; descriptions of these diversities are
presented below.

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5.2.1.10.1 Floral Diversity

Due to the national forest, roadside plantations, and particular homestead forests. Different
fruit fuelwood trees, along with various shrubs, are abundant. The most widely available
trees are Shal, Shilkoroi, Mehagani, Eucalyptus, Shimul, etc. Also, some fruit trees, such
as Mango, Coconut, Jackfruit, Battle nut, guava, etc., are observed in the study area
presented below. The crop field vegetation consists of highland and medium highland.
This area is utilized chiefly for rice monoculture and different types of economic crops.
Aside from economic crops being cultivated, there are varieties of weeds in the area:
Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), Spiderwort (Commelina bengalensis), Peruvian
primrose (Ludwigia peruviana), Busket grass (Oplisma burmaniaii), Mutha grass (Cyperus
rotandus), Dollar weed (Hydrocotyle spp.), CaRAPet grass (Azonopus compressus),
Indian heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum), spiny pigweed (Amaranthus spinosus), and
Croton (Croton bonplandianum) were observed. Other vegetation commonly observed in
freshwater ditches includes water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia
stratiotes), floating fern (Salvinia natans), common duckweed (Lemna peRAPusilla), and
water velvet (Azolla pinnata).

5.2.1.10.2 Tree
The proposed reconstruction of the for Improvement of Important District Highways,
Khulna Circle project site as well as the adjacent areas include trees like- Abroma augusta
(Ulatkambal), Acacia moniliformis (Akashmoni), Aegle marmelos (Bel), Albizia lebbeck
(Sirish), Albizia procera (Silkaroi), Albizia richrdiana (Gogon Sirish), Alstonia scholaris
(Chatim), Annona reticulata (Ata), Areca catechu (Supari), ArtocaRAPus heterophyllus
(Kathal), ArtocaRAPus lakoocha (Dewa), Averrhoa carambola (Kamranga), Azadirachta
indica (Nim). Bambusa sp.(Bans), Barringtonia acutangular (Hijal). Bombax ceiba
(Shimul), Borassus flabelifer (Tal), Carica papaya (Papay), Citrus grandis (Jambura),
Citrus limon (Lebu), Cocos nucifera (Narikel), Crataeva nurvala (Baroon), Dillenia indica
(Chalta), Diospyros blancoi (Bilatigab), Diospyros perigrina (Deshigab), Erythrina ovalifolia
(Talimandar), Ficus benghalensis (Bot), Ficus religiosa (Assawath), Lagerstromin
speciose (Jarul), Lennea coromandelica (Zika), Litchi chinensis (Lichu), Mangifera indica
(Aum). Moringa oleifera (Sajna), Musa sapientum (Kala), Neolamarckia cadamba
(Kadam), Ocimum americanum (Tulshi), Phoneix Sylvestris (Khejur), Phyllanthus
reticulatus (Amloki). Polyalthia longifolia (Debdaru), Pongamia pinnata (Karoch), Psidium
guajava (Peyara), Spondias dulcis (Amra), Syzygium cumini (Jum), Syzygium
samarangense (Jamrul), Streblus asper (Sheora), Swietenia mahagoni (Mahogoni),
Syzygium cumini (Kalojam), Tamarindus indica (Tetul), Tectona grandis (Segun),

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Terminalia arjuna (Arjun), Terminalia catappa (Katbadam), Trema orientalis (Jiban),

Trewia nudiflora (Pitali), Zizyphus mauritiana (Baroi)etc.

5.2.1.10.3 Herb
The project site, as well as the adjacent areas, include herbs like Alternanthera
philoxiroides (Helencha), Arundo donax (Baranal), Ceratophyllum desmersum (Jhangi),
Eclipta alba (Kalokeshi), Eichhornia crassipes (Kochuripana), Enhydra fluctuans
(Helencha), Fimbristylis milliaceae (Joina), Hygroryza aristate (Putki), Hydrocharis dubia,
Ipomoea aquatica (Kalmi sak), Lemnapera Pusilla (Khudipana), Limnophila sessiliflora
(Bijatighas), Ludwigia abscendens (Keshordam), Ludwigia hyssopifolia (Keshordam),
Mersilea quadrifoliate (Susnisak), Monochoria hatata (Kechur), Myriophyllum tetrandrum,
Nachamendra alternifolia (Kaisa), Nymphaea nouchali (Shapla), Nymphaca stellate
(Nilshapla), Nymphoides indicum (Panchuli), Phragmites karka (Nol), Pistia stratiotes etc.

5.2.1.10.4 Reptiles
The proposed reconstruction road site include trees like the species include: Common
skunk (Mabuya carinata), garden lizard (Calotes versicolor), Bengal Monitor
(Varanusbengalensis), Water Monitor (Varanus salvator), Common vine Snake, Painted
Bronzeback tree snake, Common Bronzeback, Tree Snake Common Wolfe Snake, Indo
Chinese rat Snake, and Checkered Keelback.

5.2.1.10.5 Mammals
The proposed road site includes common species are House Mouse (Mus musculus),
Asian House Shrew (Suncus murinus), Common Mongoose (HeRAPestes edwarsii),
Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), Small Indian Civet (Viverrricula indica), Indian Palm Civet
(Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), Asiatic Jackal (Canis aureus), short-nosed bat
(Cynopterus sphinx), and Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus).

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5.2.2 Checklist of Environmental Components

Table 5-1: Physio-Chemical Environmental Components Likely to be Impacted

Surface
Sl. Land Ground Water Atmosphere Noise
Water

1 Landforms Shoreline Water Table Air Quality Intensity

Bottom
2 Soil Profile Flow Regime Air Flow Duration
Interface
Loss of Flow Climatic
3 Water Quality Frequency
Agricultural Land Variation Changes
Floodplains or Water Ground Water Fugitive Dust
4
Swamps Quality Table & Recharge & Visibility
Drainage Aquifer
5 Land use Heat Radiation
Pattern Characteristics
Engg. & Mineral Water
6 Existing Use
Resources Balance
7 Buffer Zones Flooding
Waste
Existing
8 Generation &
Use
Disposal
Transportation Salinity
9
System Intrusion

Table 5-2: Biological Environmental Components Likely to be Impacted

Sl. Species and Populations Habitats and Communities

1 Terrestrial Flora Terrestrial Habitats
2 Terrestrial Wildlife Terrestrial Communities
3 Terrestrial Fauna Aquatic Habitats
4 Aquatic/Marine Flora Aquatic Communities
5 Fisheries Estuarine Habitats
6 Aquatic/Marine Fauna Marine Communities
7 Benthic Community

Table 5-3: Human Environmental Components Likely to be Impacted

Sl. Health and Safety Social and Economic Aesthetic and Cultural
1 Physical Safety Population Landscape
Psychological Well-
2 Employment Biota
being
Parasitic/Infectious
3 Housing Wilderness
Disease
4 Psychological Disease Education Water Quality
5 Disease Vectors Utilities Atmospheric Quality
Crop
6 Fugitive Dust & Visibility
Production/Damage

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7 Scenic Beauty
8 Sense of Community
9 Community Structure
10 Manmade Objects
11 Historic Places/Structure
12 Religious Places/Structures
Waste Generation &
13
Disposal
14 Compositions

5.2.3 Environmental Impacts Evaluation

5.2.3.1 Environmental Impact Evaluation Methodology

The identified environmental impacts have been evaluated based on their types, extent,
spatial and temporal dimensions, likelihoods, reversibility, and scale of magnitudes. In this
study, the “Delphi Approach” has been followed for evaluating environmental impacts
using expert judgment. Several round table discussion meetings were made with the team
members to finalize the evaluation. In this evaluation, a matrix method has been adopted
to indicate the magnitude of each impact based on a word scale defined by word scenario
instead of a numeric scale. The word scales for various scenarios are outlined below:

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Figure 5-4: Word Scales for Various Scenarios

5.2.3.2 Environmental Impact Matrix

Table 5-4: Environmental Impact Matrix

Consequence
Reversibility

Likelihood
Temporal

Spatial
Nature

Potential Impacts

Fr/Lk/O In/Mr/M/
D/Id S/L Lo/W R/Ir
/Sl/Rr Sg/Ct

Pre-construction phase (Site development)

Air and water quality

Dust particle releases during land

D S Lo R Lk Sg
development

Deterioration of water quality due

to wash out of sediments and
D S Lo R O Mr
wastewater from the worker
colonies

Construction phase

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Consequence
Reversibility

Likelihood
Temporal

Spatial
Nature
Potential Impacts

Fr/Lk/O In/Mr/M/
D/Id S/L Lo/W R/Ir
/Sl/Rr Sg/Ct

Waste generation

Generation of construction material

D S Lo R Lk M
waste

Change of landscape and scenic

D L Lo Ir Lk Mr
beauty

Air pollution

Generation of fugitive dust particle D S Lo R Lk M

Emission of Greenhouse gases D S W R Lk M

Noise generation

Noise generation D S Lo R Fr M

Water resources

Ground water table

• Dry season water table may
lower down due to excess Id S Lo R O Mr
withdrawal during construction
period

Surface Water Quality

• Deterioration of surface water
quality by kitchen wastes from
worker shade or colony and
construction wastes. D S Lo R Lk Mr
• Oil Spillage from maintenance
works
• Effluent from workers Colony

Ground water quality

• Deterioration of ground water
quality by leakage of oil from
tank or storage. Id S Lo R O Mr
• Oil Spillage from maintenance
works
• Effluent from workers Colony

Land and agriculture

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Consequence
Reversibility

Likelihood
Temporal

Spatial
Nature
Potential Impacts

Fr/Lk/O In/Mr/M/
D/Id S/L Lo/W R/Ir
/Sl/Rr Sg/Ct

Impact on soil fertility due to

D S Lo R Lk Mr
disposal of waste and wastewater

Damage to surrounding crops D S Lo R Lk Mr

Deterioration of soil and

groundwater quality by leakage of
Id S Lo R Lk Mr
oil, fuels and hazardous chemicals
from tank or storage

Fisheries

Impact on fish habitats due to land

development activities, traffic
D S W R Sl M
movements, oil and chemical
spilling

Impacts on spawning and nursing

habitats due to land development
D S Lo R Lk M
activities and intensive traffic
movement

Impact on Fish migration due to

land development activities and Id S Lo R O M
intensive traffic movement

Impact on Fish diversity due to

change in fish habitats, spawning, Id S Lo R Lk Mr
etc.

Shifting of fish species to avoid the

obnoxious environment and
Id S Lo R Lk Mr
disturbance in the migration
channel

Reduction of open water fish

production due to disposal of waste D S Lo R O Mr
within ECR 1997 limit

Ecosystem

Impact on habitat quality and

ecosystem health due to deposition
D S Lo R Lk Mr
of SPM generated from
construction activities

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Consequence
Reversibility

Likelihood
Temporal

Spatial
Nature
Potential Impacts

Fr/Lk/O In/Mr/M/
D/Id S/L Lo/W R/Ir
/Sl/Rr Sg/Ct

Impact on habitat quality due to

D S Lo R Lk Mr
disposal of construction waste

Loss of ecosystem habitat due to

D S Lo R Lk Mr
site establishment activities

Disturbance to nocturnal animal

D S Lo R Lk Mr
due to lighting in construction site

Socioeconomic condition

M
Possibility of employment
D S W R Lk (positive
opportunities
)

+Sg
Impact on communication: the
Id S Lo R Lk (positive
communication may be developed
)

Imposing the pressure and

disturbance to the existing water- D S Lo R Lk Mr
sanitation facilities

Occupational health hazard D S Lo R Lk Mr

Post-construction / Operation phase

Air pollution

Rise of local air temperature during

Id L Lo R Rr Mr
accidental fire or explosion event

Generation of fugitive particulate

Id L W Ir Lk Mr
matter

Emission of SO2, NOx within ECR

Id L W Ir Lk Mr
1997 limit

Emission of CO, CO2 Id L W Ir Lk Mr

Noise

Noise generation Id L Lo Ir Lk M

Waste generation

Waste generation and discharge to

Id L Lo Ir Lk Mr
natural environment

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Consequence
Reversibility

Likelihood
Temporal

Spatial
Nature
Potential Impacts

Fr/Lk/O In/Mr/M/
D/Id S/L Lo/W R/Ir
/Sl/Rr Sg/Ct

Water resources

Surface Water Quality

• Surface water contaminated by
domestic waste effluents Id L Lo R O Mr
• Oil spillage from maintenance
works

Ground water quality

• Deterioration of ground water Id L Lo R O Mr
quality by leakage of oil from tank
lorries or storage vehicles.

Erosion and Accretion

• Embankment erosion may occur Id L W IR Lk Mr
for wave and heavy rain action.

Land and agriculture

Solid waste production may

increase and soil fertility might be
Id L Lo IR Sl Mr
reduced due to disposal of solid
waste

Crop damage may increase by

pest infestation due to lighting of Id L Lo IR Lk Mr
the project area

Crop damage due to dry and wet

deposition of SOx and NOx (to be
Id L W R Sl Mr
emitted within the limit of ECR
1997)

Fisheries

Disturbance to fish habitat. Id S Lo R Sl Mr

Disturbance on Fish migration Id L W Ir Lk Mr

Impact on Fish diversity due to

minor changes on fish habitats, Id L W Ir Lk Mr
spawning ground, etc

Shifting of fish species to avoid the Id L W Ir Lk Mr

obnoxious environment and

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Consequence
Reversibility

Likelihood
Temporal

Spatial
Nature
Potential Impacts

Fr/Lk/O In/Mr/M/
D/Id S/L Lo/W R/Ir
/Sl/Rr Sg/Ct
disturbance in the migration
channel

Ecosystem

Impact on ecosystem habitat

quality and ecosystem health due
Id L W Ir Lk Mr
to Greenhouse gas emission and
Air Pollution

Disturbance to nocturnal animal

Id L W Ir Lk M
due to lighting in project area

Socioeconomic condition

M
Employment opportunities Id L W Ir Lk (positive
)

Induced infrastructural Sg
development, rural and regional Id L W Ir Lk (positive
development )

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5.2.4 Environmental Impacts Mitigation

5.2.4.1 Mitigation of Impacts

The environmental impacts identified in this study were later evaluated by considering their
types, spatial dimensions and temporal extents, reversibility, frequency of occurrences,
and scale of magnitudes. Then, mitigation measures have been suggested to prevent
environmental pollution in compliance with ECA 1995. All identified impacts were further
evaluated in letter scale of magnitude with and without the mitigation measures adopted.
The table below represents the mitigation measure required for controlling the negative
impacts of project activities and contingency measures required for reducing the risk of
accidental hazards, and enhancement measures for positive impacts with regard to
sustainable implementation and operation of the project, ensuring environmental and
community safety. The consequence analysis with and without consideration of the
mitigation measures adopted would give an impression of the effectiveness of the
measures. The details of the mitigation measures for various anticipated environmental
impacts are outlined in the table below.

Table 5-5: Mitigation Impact

mitigation measures
measures adopted
Consequence with

Consequence with
Compensation/
Enhancement/

Institution (s)
no mitigation

Contingency

Responsible
Mitigation/

measure

adopted
Impact

Pre-construction phase (Site development)

Measures for controlling air and water quality

• Fencing of project area by
Dust particle drum sheet or Tarjja
releases during • Adoption of Dust RHD /
Sg M
land Suppression Mechanism Contractor
development (water spraying system) to
control generation of SPM
Deterioration of
• Proper run off management
water quality
should be adopted to limit
due to wash out
sediment runoff from the land RHD /
of sediments Mr In
developing area. Contractor
and wastewater
• No waste should be disposed
from the worker
to canals/river
colonies
Construction phase

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Measures controlling waste generation and mitigating impacts

• Limiting site clearance and
Generation of base stripping activities within
construction M the project boundary Mr
material waste • Dispersed gathering and
stocking of construction
materials and machinery
should be within a limited area
in the project boundary
• The project area should be
fenced prior to initiation of
construction activities
• Stock piles of construction
materials should be covered in
order to protect them from
wind and weathering action
• The existing right of way
should be used in material
transportation and existing
right of ways should not be
blocked
• Provision of sanitary toilet,
one toilet for 10 persons
RHD /
• Location of spoil stock pile
Contractor
should be located in safe area
Change of and protected from wind and
landscape and Mr rain action. In
scenic beauty • No spoil should be stored on
River bank/slope
• Construction wastes must be
reused or recycled as and
where possible
• Burning of waste material
should be restricted
• Quality housekeeping should
be maintained by regular
inspection and checking
• Keep provision of onsite
waste collection and disposal
• Keep provision of different
colored waste bin for dumping
biodegradable, reusable and
recyclable wastes.
• Keep provision of awareness
building meeting and training
for employees
Mitigation measures for controlling Air pollution
• Limiting activities may
produce fugitive dust particle
Generation of
within project area RHD /
fugitive dust M In
• Vegetation clearance and Contractor
particle
base stripping should be
minimized

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• Vehicle speed restriction

should be enforced to control
dust generation
• Earthen roads and
undeveloped roads should be
avoided to minimize dust
generation
• Construction materials
should be covered to protect
from wind action
• Keep provision of water
spraying system to suppress
fugitive dust
• Dust particle generated from
access roads must be
controlled by spraying water
during dry season
• Stock piles of construction
materials should be covered in
order to protect from wind
action
• An appropriate freeboard
should be maintained in trucks
hauling construction materials
• Burning of any kind of solid
waste should be banned
• Regular maintenance of
water vessels, vehicles,
generator and machinery in
accordance with
manufacturer’s specifications.
• Approved pollution control
devices to be fitted in
Emission of
equipment and machinery. RHD /
Greenhouse M In
• Transport vehicles should not Contractor
gases
be overloaded.
• Avoid queuing of vehicles in
areas adjacent to site,
particularly near sensitive
receptors including housing.
• Switch off / throttle down all
site vehicles, water vessels,
generator and machinery
when not in use
Mitigation measures for controlling Noise generation
• Switch off / throttle down all
site machinery, vehicles, water
vessels, and generator when
Noise not in use RHD /
M Mr
generation • No construction activities at Contractor
night
• Use noise damper on project
boundary

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• Introduce vehicle speed limit

and its monitoring

Mitigation measures for controlling impacts on Water Resources

Ground water • Keep provisions of rain water
table harvesting system to limit
• Dry season ground water use.
water table may • Surface water must be saved
lower down due from any harmful effluent
Mr In
to excess emission and waste dumping
withdrawal from project site using
during Garbage Disposal
construction Management plan.
period • Provide closed system
facilities and wastewater
treatment plant to minimize
emission of effluents from
workers’ colony.
• Good housekeeping at
Surface Water workshop and construction site
Quality • Appropriate equipment with
• Deterioration safety measures should be
RHD /
of surface water used for storage and handling
Contractor
quality by of oil
kitchen wastes • Provide training and
from worker awareness building program to
shade or colony the workers during
and Mr construction. The training and In
construction awareness programs are: a)
wastes. arrange weekly consultation
• Oil Spillage session among the workers
from through project site managers.
maintenance The duration of consultation is
Workshops one hour according to
• Effluent from ISO14031 standard, b)
workers Colony arrange monthly
environmental meeting among
the mid-level officers through
top management when those
issues will be discussed under
guidance of ECR 1997.
Ground water • Harmful effluents and wastes
quality leakage from oil tank or
• Deterioration storage are to be controlled.
of ground water • High tech construction
quality by equipment will be used in the RHD /
Mr In
leakage of oil project site. So effluent Contractor
from tank or discharged would be minor as
storage. the proposed project will be
• Oil Spillage operated satisfying all relevant
from standards of MoEF.

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maintenance of • Provide training and

machineries awareness building program to
• Effluent from the labors and professionals.
workers Colony

Mitigation measures for controlling impacts on Land and Agriculture

Impact on soil • Construction materials
fertility due to should be collected, stored,
disposal of Mr and disposed in an appropriate In
waste and manner
wastewater • Recycled waste should be
disposed in a suitable landfill
• Fencing of project area by
Damage to
drum sheet or Tarjja
surrounding Mr In
• Limiting the construction
crops
activities and stocking within
the project boundary
• Harmful effluents and waste
leakage from oil and chemical
RHD /
tank or storage should be
Contractor
controlled strictly
Deterioration of
• Wastes or used oil should be
soil and
stored in a designated area for
groundwater
disposal through authorized
quality by
vendors
leakage of oil, Mr In
• Measures should be
fuels and
undertaken for fire
hazardous
suppression and the
chemicals from
neutralization and collection of
tank or storage
any spilled materials
• Provide training and
awareness building program to
labors and professionals.
Mitigation measures for controlling impacts on Fisheries
• Avoid fish breeding season
during construction works (if
possible)
Impact on fish • Most excavation, backfilling,
habitats due to and site grading will be
land undertaken during the dry
development season. RHD /
M Mr
activities, traffic • Sediment should be trapped Contractor
movements, oil on-site using sediment fences
and chemical and traps and basins, and by
spilling preventing the off-site
movement of coarse material.
• Alternate sourcing of sand
other than river bed dredging.

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• Enforcing the speed

restriction and regular
maintenance to control noise,
dust generation.
• Oil spillage from vehicle
should be controlled
Impacts on
spawning and
nursing habitats • The disturbance of habitats
due to land in the inter-tidal zones should RHD /
M Mr
development be minimized. Contractor
activities and
intensive traffic
movement
• Avoid construction works (if
Impact on Fish
possible) during fish breeding
migration due to
season. Generally, April to
land
July for common fish and RHD /
development M In
Sept-October and March to Contractor
activities and
May for Hilsa spawning
intensive traffic
migration, should be avoided
movement
for construction work
• Fish conservatory
Impact on Fish
(sanctuary) should be
diversity due to
established at a safe zone. RHD /
change in fish Mr In
• Enforce banning of fishing Contractor
habitats,
activity within the sanctuary
spawning, etc.
zone
Shifting of fish
species to avoid
the obnoxious
environment Mr In
and disturbance • EMP for effluent discharge,
in the migration wastewater discharge,
RHD /
channel construction material disposal
Contractor
Reduction of and traffic movement should
open water fish be followed
production due
Mr In
to disposal of
waste within
ECR 1997 limit
Mitigation measures for conserving Ecosystem
Impact on
habitat quality
and ecosystem
health due to
deposition of Mr In
• Implement On-site Waste
SPM generated RHD /
and Air quality Management
from Contractor
Plan
construction
activities
Impact on
habitat quality Mr In
due to disposal

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

of construction
waste

Impact on
benthic habitat
• Limiting dredging activities RHD /
due to soil M Mr
within defined area if possible Contractor
extraction from
the river
Loss of
ecosystem
• Limiting vegetation clearance
habitat due to RHD /
Mr and base stripping within In
site Contractor
project boundary
establishment
activities
• Restrict night lights at places
Disturbance to
where necessary
nocturnal
• Keep provision of outdoor
animal due to RHD /
Mr lights with shade directed In
lighting in Contractor
downwards
construction
• Cut-off time to switch off
site
unnecessary lights at night
Measures for enhancing Socioeconomic condition
• The labor recruitment policy
should be formulated in such a
way that the local laborers can
easily get chance of
Possibility of M employment in the power plant RHD,
Sg
employment (positiv project Contractor,
(positive)
opportunities e) • Govt./NGOs should provide NGOs
support skill development
program and income
generation activities to local
people
Impact on
communication: • For the increased movement
+Sg
the of people and heavy vehicles ++Sg
(positiv RHD
communication the road networks should be (positive)
e)
may be developed
developed
Measures for controlling negative impacts on socioeconomic
• Manage separate water and
sanitation facilities for the
construction workers in the
project area so that they
Imposing the
cannot make any disturbance
pressure and
to the existing facilities of the RHD /
disturbance to
Mr local people Contractor/ In
the existing
• Provision of appropriate DPHE
water-sanitation
water supply and sanitation
facilities
facilities at construction site as
well as labor sheds
• Provision of rain water
harvesting system at

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construction site as well as

labor sheds

• Arrangements of gloves,
helmets, sunglasses and other RHD /
tools, dresses & uniforms for Contractor
Occupational
Mr each worker so that the / Civil In
health hazard
workers can keep themselves Surgeon
safe from any kinds of office
accident
Post-construction/Operation phase
Air Pollution Control
Rise of local air
Mr In
temperature
Generation of • Regular inspection of road
fugitive fitness certificates of the
Mr In
particulate vehicles
RHD/BRT
matter • Safety and emergency plan
A / DoE
Emission of for accidental hazard
SO2, NOx • Remote monitoring and
Mr In
within ECR control of total process
1997 limit
Emission of
Mr In
CO, CO2
Noise control
• Project must be designed so
as to ensure Bangladesh’s
standard of emission
• Provision of buffer zone and
green belt
Noise • Maintain DoE standard of RHD/BRT
M In
generation Noise level A/DoE
• Introduce and enforce
vehicle speed limit
• Switch off / throttle down all
vehicle and engine of vessel
when not in use
Controlling waste generation and its impacts
• On site waste collection and
disposal system should be
Waste
provided
generation and RHD/Upaz
• Provision of different waste
discharge to Mr ila In
bin with color code for different
natural Parishad
waste (recyclable, reusable,
environment
biodegradable, hazardous,
etc) in road side, parking

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places and public places in the

along the road sides.
• Provision of waste
management department with
given responsibility of waste
collection, hauling, disposal
and overall management and
the department should be
vested under Environmental
quality and Safety
Management wings
• Provision of regular
awareness building meeting of
programs
Controlling impacts on water resources
• Ground water must be free
Ground water
from any harmful effluents and
quality
wastes leakage from oil tank
• Deterioration
or storage RHD/BRT
of ground water Mr In
• Provide training and A / DoE
quality by
awareness building program to
leakage of oil
tank lorry drivers
from tankers.
Erosion and
Accretion
• Embankment • Bank protection measures
BWDB/
slope erosion Mr should be taken under In
RHD
may occur for consideration
wave action or
heavy rain
Controlling impacts on Land and Agriculture
Solid waste
production may
increase and • Temporary waste dumping
soil fertility facilities on site and RHD/Upaz
Mr In
might be permanent waste dumping ila
reduced due to facilities off site
disposal of solid
waste
Crop damage
may increase • Pest infestation can be
by pest minimized by Integrated Pest
Mr DAE In
infestation due Management (IPM) through
to lighting of the “Light Trap”
project area
Crop damage
due to dry and
wet deposition
of SOx and • Adoption of Air quality RHD /
Mr In
NOx (to be Management Plan DAE
emitted within
the limit of ECR
1997)

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Controlling impacts on Fisheries

• Rehabilitation of fish and
Impact on Fish
shrimp habitats by conserving
diversity due to
and protecting existing fish
minor changes RHD/ DoF
Mr nursing ground by extending In
on fish habitats, / DoE
the existing mangrove forest
spawning
area
ground, etc
Shifting of fish
species to avoid
the obnoxious • EMP measures for effluent
RHD/ DoF/
environment Mr discharge, and traffic In
DoE
and disturbance movement should be followed
in the migration
channel
Measures for controlling impacts on Ecosystem
Impact on
ecosystem
habitat quality
and ecosystem
• Implement Air quality RHD/ DoF/
health due to Mr In
Management Plan DoE
Greenhouse
gas emission
and Air
Pollution
Measures for enhancing better socio-economic condition
• The local labors should be
recruited permanently and
temporarily in both technical
and non-technical posts. Some
posts should be reserved for
M the local workers. This
Employment
(positiv recruitment may help to RHD Sg
opportunities
e) reduce the poverty status of
the whole study area.
• At least 10% of the jobs
(non-hazardous) in the project
operation & maintenance
should be reserved for women.
• Concerned government
Induced department like Khulna
infrastructural Development Authority (KDA), Mentioned
Sg
development, LGED, RHD, etc. should guide Govt. Ct
(positiv
rural and the induced development. The Departmen (positive)
e)
regional existing Master/ development ts, RHD
development plans might be adjusted in
harmony with the project.

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5.2.5 Environmental Monitoring

5.2.5.1 Introduction

Effective environmental management plan (EMP) implementation depends on regular

monitoring, documenting, and reporting. RHD, Bagerhat should have the provision of an
Environmental quality and safety unit for monitoring the implementation of EMP during
land development, construction, and operation phases of the project. The environmental
monitoring unit should submit a quarterly report to the RHD. Another yearly monitoring
report with quarterly monitoring data should also be submitted to the DoE for renewing the
Environmental Clearance Certificate. The table given below represents the framework of
a detail environmental monitoring plan. The pre-project baseline data and post-project
monitoring data for various environmental components of the suggested locations should
be collected and recorded with temporal (time, date, seasons, weather, etc.) and spatial
references (GPS reference). Thus, the monitoring data would be evaluated regarding
baseline data and environmental quality standards (ECR, 1997). The annual
environmental monitoring report and all data should be submitted to the Department of
Environment (DoE). The role of DoE would be as a regulatory authority on behalf of GoB.

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Table 5-6: Monitoring Plan

Location of data Frequency of Responsible

Indicator
collection data collection Institution (s)

Physical Environment Monitoring Plan

Construction

Monitoring EMP
implementation
Daily monitoring
• Mitigation measures and
• Enhancement Project area documenting
measures and quarterly
• Contingency reporting

• Compensation

Four samples from four

edges of the project
Suspended Particulate
boundary, one sample Quarterly
Matters (SPM)
from 1 km downwind
the project boundary
RHD/
One noise level data Contractor
from middle of the
project boundary, Four
data from four different
locations –
• 1 km away from
Noise south boundary Quarterly
• 1km away from north
boundary
• 1 km away from east
boundary
• 1 km away from west
boundary

Waste generation
Project area and Labor
• Construction Quarterly
shed
• Domestic
RHD/
Daily monitoring Contractor
Implementation of onsite
and
waste management plan
Within project area documenting,
and noise management
and quarterly
plan
reporting

Post-construction/Operation

Air quality-concentration • 1 km, 2 km, 3 km and RHD/

4 km distance from the Quarterly
of SOx, NOx, SPM DoE
project boundary

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towards windward
direction

• Within 100 m of the

project
• Immediate outside of
the project boundary
Noise Quarterly
• 1km away towards
different direction from
four different side of
the project

Waste generation
Project area and Labor
• Project Quarterly
shed
• Domestic

Implementation of Air
quality management Daily monitoring
plan, Noise management Within project area and quarterly
plan, Waste reporting
management plan

Water Resources Monitoring Plan

• Tidal penetration and

Mathavanga River
inundation
Kobadak River &
• Erosion/ Sedimentation
Arpangasia River

Internal drainage All creeks of the

network project area
RHD/
Quarterly in a
• Project Site BWDB/
year
All samples should be BIWTA
Surface water pollution
monitoring (DO, BOD, collected from three
COD, Heavy metal, pH, points (left, middle and
salinity, Total hardness, right bank) along the
Nitrate, TDS, TS cross section of the
Temperature, etc.) river at suggested
locations during both
ebb and flood tide

Groundwater table

Ground water pollution One point of project RHD/

monitoring (BOD, COD, Quarterly in a
site and three point of
Heavy metal, pH, Year DPHE
study area.
salinity, Total hardness,
Nitrate, TDS, etc)

Transportation Monitoring Plan

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Traffic management • Five points.

system and Physical Monthly RHD
status of road

Land and Agriculture Monitoring Plan

Land use/ Soil fertility/

Nutrient status of soil/
Contamination of heavy
metal
Inside and outside the
Yearly
Crop production/ project
RHD/
damage
DAE
Feed, Fodder and
diseases of livestock

Implementation of Land
Inside and outside the Quarterly in a
and agriculture
project year
management plan

Fisheries Monitoring Plan

Construction

Fish habitat status/ Fish

Pre-dredging,
biodiversity/ Fish Selected sites within RHD/
during dredging
migration (indicative 10 km radius of the
and post DoF
species)/ Fish & Shrimp project
dredging
Production

Post-construction

Fish habitat status/ Fish

biodiversity/ Fish
Quarterly in a
migration (indicative
Year
species)/ Fish & Shrimp Selected sites within
Production RHD/
10 km radius of the
project DoF
Monitoring & Regular
implementation of monitoring with
Fisheries Management quarterly
Plan reporting

Ecosystem Monitoring Plan

Construction

Bird Colony, feeding and Within 10 km radius of RHD/

Quarterly
nesting ground the project DoE

Regular
Implementation of RHD/
monitoring and
Ecosystem management Within project area
quarterly DoE
plan
reporting

Post-construction

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Air quality monitoring in

Near project area
Project Area
(SO2, NOx, SPM)

Mathavanga River
Kobadak River &
Water quality monitoring Arpangasia River
(BOD, COD, Heavy
metal, pH, salinity, Total Samples should be RHD/
hardness, Nitrate, collected from three Quarterly
points (left, middle and DoE
Suspended Solid, Total
solid, Temperature, Oil right bank) along the
cross section of the
and grease, etc)
river at suggested
locations during both
ebb and flood tide

Bird Colony, feeding and Within 10km radius of

nesting ground the project

Socioeconomic Environment Monitoring Plan

How many people are

recruited for construction During and after RHD/
Project area
and other activities under construction Contractor
the project

Whether people and

Project site and
workers suffer from Quarterly RHD
surrounding the area
health risk

5.2.5.2 Compliance Monitoring

Compliance monitoring is the prudent element of the Environmental Monitoring Plan that
ensures effective implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP),
compliance of all project-related activities with relevant environmental rules and
regulations, and safety procedures. Compliance monitoring may be carried out by the
Environmental Personnel of the Project Management Unit but should be audited yearly by
the external auditor.

The principal approach of step-by-step monitoring involves:

➢ Walkthrough inspection: a quick survey of the activities, operations, equipment,

and facilities;
➢ Through inspection: visual observation activities, operation, equipment and
facilities, and review of related documents, previous records, reports, etc.
➢ Interview of relevant personnel: interviewing related employees, key personnel,
etc.

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➢ Consultation with local people: Consult with local people to understand the
community's perception of the project-related activities and to identify social issues
related to the project.
An organized checklist should follow inspection, observation, consultation, and reporting.
The monitoring checklist should be developed during the preparation of the Environmental
and Social Action Plan at the stage of the detail design of the project.

The target areas of monitoring are:

➢ Compliance of project-related activities with national and international (if required)

environmental rules and regulations.
➢ Compliance of the project-related activities with the Suggested EMP during the
pre-construction, construction and operation phases;
➢ Compliance of the project operation (noise, emission, waste disposal, wastewater
discharge, etc.) with relevant national and international (if required) standards;
➢ Compliance of the Environmental Monitoring Activities with suggested
Environmental Monitoring Plan

The compliance monitoring report and checklist should be indexed and annexed with the
monthly and annual monitoring reports. It may be required to submit the annual monitoring
report to the Department of Environment to renew the Environmental Clearance Certificate
each year.

5.2.5.3 Implementation of Environmental Monitoring Plan

The primary purpose of this environmental assessment is to delineate the correct

measures to enhance the proposed project's environmental sustainability, providing
suggestions on implementation, management, and operation as suggested in the
environmental management plan (EMP). Successful implementation and operation of
EMP depends on regular monitoring.

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Section 6: Cost-Benefit Analysis

Cost-Benefit Analysis refers to the financial analysis is the process of evaluating projects,
budgets, and other finance-related transactions to determine their performance and
suitability. Typically, financial analysis analyzes whether an entity is stable, solvent, liquid,
or profitable enough to warrant a monetary investment. Economic adjustments from
financial data using standard conversion factor; after that, costs and benefits are appraised
from the point of view of the entire economy. For NPV, IRR, BCR, and NBCR, the project's
total budget is 240253.12 (Lac) BDT, where the discount rate is assumed to be 12%, the
initial investment is 1,20,000 (Lac) BDT, and the life cycle of the project for investment
is 3 years.

6.1 Financial Analysis

6.1.1 Net present value (NPV)

n

 (1 + r )
c1
NPV of a Project = t
- Initial investment
t =1

where Ct = cash flow at the end of year t

n = life of the project = 3

r = discount rate = 0.12

Present Factor Calculation: (For Discount Rate of 12%)

1st Year = 1/(1+0.12)1 = 0.8928

2nd Year = 1/(1+0.12)2 = 0.7971

3rd Year = 1/(1+0.12)3 = 0.7117

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Table 6-1: Financial NPV Calculation

Cash Flow
Years Present Value Factor for (12%) Present Value (Lac)
(Lac)
-1,20,000
1 0.8928 107136.00
(initial)
2 85,770.06 0.7971 68367.31
3 34,483.06 0.7117 24541.59
NPV -15929.90

The net present value represents the net benefit over and above the compensation for
risk. Hence the decision rule associated with the net present value criterion is: Accept the
project if the net present value is positive and rejects the project if the net present worth is
negative. (If the net present value is zero, it is a matter of indifference.).

This is a service organization project, as all the roads and bridges under the project will be
constructed/reconstructed toll-free. Consequently, no financial benefit will be obtained
from the project, i.e., the net present value (NPV) is negative (Table 6-1).

Here, the project is accepted.

6.1.2 Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

A project's internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount of the present value of the future to
zero. Put differently. It is the discount rate that equates to the following equation:

 (1 + r )
c1
Investment = t
t =1

Where Ct = cash flow at the end of year t

r = international rate of return (IRR)

n = life of the project

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Table 6-2: Financial IRR Calculation

Cash Flow Present Value

Years Present Value Factor for (12%)
(Lac) (Lac)
-1,20,000
1 0.8928 107136.00
(initial)
2 85,770.06 0.7971 68367.31
3 34,483.06 0.7117 24541.59
IRR 0%

Here, IRR (0%) < Discount Rate (12%), NPV will be < 0

This is a service organization project, as all the roads and bridges under the project will be
constructed/reconstructed toll-free. Consequently, no financial benefit will be obtained
from the project, i.e., the internal financial rate of return (IRR) is zero (0) (Table 6-2).

6.1.3 Benefit-Cost Ration (BCR)

Benefit Cost Ratio, BCR = PVB
I

Where,

PVB = present value of benefits

I = initial investment

Table 6-3: Financial BCR Calculation

Cash Flow Present Value

Years Present Value Factor for (12%)
(Lac) (Lac)
-1,20,000
1 0.8928 107136.00
(initial)
2 85,770.06 0.7971 68367.31
3 34,483.06 0.7117 24541.59
BCR 0

This is a service organization project, as all the roads and bridges under the project will be
constructed/reconstructed toll-free. Consequently, no financial benefit will be obtained
from the project, i.e., the financial benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is zero (0) (Table 6-3).

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6.2 Economic Analysis

However, economic benefits to the users will be achieved considering the savings in
transport operating and travel costs. In this case, economic analysis is more important
than financial analysis for service organizations. Based on the economic analysis of the
proposed project, the project is reasonably feasible. For NPV, IRR, BCR, and NBCR, the
project's total budget is 240253.12 (Lac) BDT, where the discount rate is assumed to be
12%, the initial investment is 1,00,000 (Lac) BDT, and the life cycle of the project for
investment is 3 years.

6.2.1 Net present value (NPV)

n

 (1 + r )
c1
NPV of a Project = t
- Initial investment
t =1

where Ct = cash flow at the end of year t

n = life of the project = 3

r = discount rate = 0.12

Present Factor Calculation: (For Discount Rate of 12%)

1st Year = 1/(1+0.12)1 = 0.8928

2nd Year = 1/(1+0.12)2 = 0.7971

3rd Year = 1/(1+0.12)3 = 0.7117

Table 6-4: Economical NPV Calculation

Cash Flow
Years Present Value Factor for (12%) Present Value (Lac)
(Lac)
-1,00,000
1 0.8928 -89280
(initial)
2 89,770.06 0.7971 71555.71483
3 50,483.06 0.7117 35928.7938
NPV 20396.63

The net present value represents the net benefit over and above the compensation for
risk. Hence the decision rule associated with the net present value criterion is: Accept the
project if the net present value is positive and rejects the project if the net present value is
negative. (If the net present value is zero, it is a matter of indifference).

Here the value of NPV is positive, meaning the project is accepted (Table 6-4).

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6.2.2 Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

A project's internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount of the present value of the future to
zero. Put differently. It is the discount rate that equates to the following equation:

 (1 + r )
c1
Investment = t
t =1

Where Ct = cash flow at the end of year t

r = international rate of return (IRR)

n = life of the project

Table 6-5: Economical IRR Calculation

Cash Flow
Years Present Value Factor for (12%) Present Value (Lac)
(Lac)
1 -1,00,000 (initial) 0.8928 -89280
2 89,770.06 0.7971 71555.71483
3 50,483.06 0.7117 35928.7938
IRR 29%

Here, IRR (29%) > Discount Rate (12%), NPV will be > 0 (Table 6-5)

So, the project is benefitable.

6.2.3 Benefit-Cost Ration (BCR)

Benefit Cost Ratio, BCR = PVB
I

Where,

PVB = present value of benefits

I = initial investment

Table 6-6: Economical BCR Calculation

Cash Flow
Years Present Value Factor for (12%) Present Value (Lac)
(Lac)
-1,00,000
1 0.8928 -89280
(initial)
2 89,770.06 0.7971 71555.71483
3 50,483.06 0.7117 35928.7938
BCR 1.20

Now, NBCR = BCR – 1 = 1.20 – 1= 0.20

The two benefit-cost ratio measures give the same signals because the difference is unity
(Table 6-6). The following decision rules are associated with them:

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Table 6-7: Criteria Table

When BCR Or NBCR Rule is

>1 >0 Accept
=1 =0 Indifferent
<1 <0 Reject

So, the BCR and NBCR values are accepted for this project.

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6.3 Major Expenses for the Improvement of 17 Zilla Roads

Table 6-8: Major Expenses for the Improvement of 17 Zilla Roads

Total (in Lac

Total (in Lac

Total (in Lac

Total (in Lac

Description
Item no. &
Economic

Quantity

Quantity

Quantity

Quantity
BDT.)

BDT.)

BDT.)

BDT.)
Code

Rate

Rate

Rate
Unit
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Bagerhat

Bagerhat

Bagerhat
Satkhira

Satkhira
Satkhira
Khulna

Khulna

Khulna

Total

Total
A Revenue
Supply and
Services
325
Printing and
510 L.S 0 4 5 9
Binding
2
325
33.
510 Stationery L.S 25 3.5 5 0
5
4
321
Publication and
112 L.S 17 4 8 0 29
Tendering
5
311 Honorium (For
133 PIC, PSC, TEC & L.S 25 2 5 0 32
2 TOC)
322
110 Laboratory Testing L.S 21 8 10 0 39
5
325 Consultancy
710 (Survey, Design L.S 0 20 0 0 20
1 and Soil Testing)
325 Consultancy
710 (Design and L.S 0 0 0 0 0
1 Drawing)
325
Supervision
710 L.S 91 0 0 0 91
Consultant
1
325
Ceremonies/Festiv
730 L.S 50 0 10 0 60
als (Inauguration)
1
382
119 Other expenses L.S 0 0 0 0 0
9
323
110 Foreign training L.S 0 0 0 0 0
1
41. 313
Sub-Total (A): 229 43 0
5 .5
B Capital 0
Acquisition and
0
purchase of assets

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411 Purchase of
Numb 10 10
210 inspection vehicle 1 100 1 100 2 200
er 0 0
1 (Jeep)
411 Purchase of
Numb
210 inspection vehicle 3 75 225 3 225
er
1 (pick-up)
411 Purchase of
Numb 1.
210 Inspection Vehicle 5 2 10 4 6 9 16
er 5
1 (Motorcycle)
411
Purchase of dump Numb 13
210 0 0 0 1 130 1 130
truck (10-ton) er 0
1
411
Purchase of Pay Numb 12 20
210 1 120 1 200 2 320
Loader er 0 0
1
411
Purchase of Pea Numb 20
210 1 200 1 200
Grader er 0
1
411
Purchase of dump Numb
210 0 0 0 0 0
trucks er
1
411 Engineering
230 Machinery (Total Set 4 15 60 4 60
4 Station)
411
Non-residential Numb
120 0 0 0 0 0
buildings er
1
411
Residential Numb
110 0 0 0 0 0
building er
1
Accumulation of
0 0
resources
414 35 164 270 34 452 138 481
46 89. 13.
110 Acquisition of land Hectre .6 87. 93. 3. 9.6 .35 10.
2.1 494 18
1 8 8 55 67 1 4 96
Construction and
0 0
completion
411
General and site 78. 117 53. 250
130 L.S. 0
facilities 76 .85 69 .3
2
411 Maintenance
116 304
130 during L.S. 188 0
.4 .4
2 construction
Earthworks (road
411 Lac 14 531 14. 790 30 451 43. 177
embankment 36 14.
130 Cubic .5 4.3 245 5.3 9. 8.0 355 37.
widening, new 6 59
2 Meter 2 2 85 7 57 1 85 7
construction)
411
11. Flexible
130
Pavement:
2
Upgrading the existing
3.05m and 3.70m wide
roads to 5.50m Main Lane
and 7.30m Bituminous
Surface with 1.80m
Reinforcement of 51
210 210
existing pavement Km 4.1 .4 4.1
.92 .92
- 3.00 m 4
Elevation of 14 21 317 662 979
31. 46.
existing pavement Km .9 2.4 1.8 7.4 9.3
45 38
- 3.05 m 3 2 2 9 1
Reconstruction of 2.9 300 2.9 300
Km
existing pavement 4 .66 4 .66

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Reconstruction of 63 402 402

63. 63.
existing pavement Km .4 3.7 3.7
45 42
- 3.05 m 2 2 2
Reconstruction of 10 246
2. 94. 255 23. 25. 272
existing pavement Km 6. 6.9
71 31 .78 16 87 2.7
- 5.50 m 51 2
Main road
82
widening (3.00m 338 338
Km 4.1 .6 4.1
to 5.5m = 2.45m = .96 .96
7
2*1.225m)
Reinforcement of 58 301 301
51. 51.
existing pavement Km .5 8.1 8.1
56 56
- 3.70 m 4 3 3
Reinforcement of 14 128 128
8.7 8.7
existing pavement Km 7. 9.7 9.7
3 3
- 5.50 m 67 9 9
Elevation of
existing pavement Km 0 0
- 3.70 m
Elevation of
existing pavement Km 0 0
- 5.50 m
Reconstruction of
existing pavement Km 0 0
- 3.70 m
Main road
63 397 52 271 690
widening (3.70m 62. 2.9 208 52. 118
Km .4 7.5 .0 8.9 4.9
to 5.50m = 1.8m = 72 4 .48 23 .59
2 1 5 2 1
2x0.90m)
288 288
Road New 26. 26.
Km 6.3 6.3
Construction 725 725
3 3
Road New
12
Construction - 274 274
Km 2.2 4. 2.2
5.50m (Bridge .77 .77
9
Approach)
Road New
27
Construction - 2. 703 2.5 703
Km 2.4
5.50m (Alignment 58 .63 8 .63
1
Correction)
Road New
Construction -
5.50m Km 0 0
(Simplification of
bends)
Hard solder 33 127
37. 37.
construction (2x Km .9 3.5
52 52
0.90 m = 1.80 m) 5 6
83
"Surfacing (5.50 57. 98.
.7
m) 610 6 440 45 824 187
72. 9 239
Km 9.3 7.3 8.4 65.
(Main lane with 81 .95
83 9 3 4 16
widening 3.70 m +
.9
widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing
7.30m Main Lane to
Bituminous Surface
Reconstruction of 25 211 211
7.9 7.9
existing pavement Km 6. 1.3 1.3
4 4
- 7.30 m 91 3 3
159 159
7.9 20 7.9
Surfacing (7.30 m) Km 5.9 5.9
4 1 4
4 4

GEO SMART PLANNING 168

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

411 Construction of 68
8. 575 9.1 575
130 Rigid Pavement - meter 7.5 0.8 0
37 4.6 7 4.6
2 7.3 m 3
411 250 250
Rigid Pavement 425 425
130 meter 3.0 3.0
Construction 0 0
2 8 8
411 Rigid Pavement 55 207 207
3.7 3.7
130 Construction - 5.5 meter 5. 3.9 3.9
3 3
2 m 56 1 1
411
Footpath
130 meter 0 0
construction
2
411
Construction of
130 Km 0 0
road divider
2
411
A) New Jersey
130 Km 0 0
Barrier
2
b) Road median Km 0 0
411 Development of
Numb 146 146
130 approach to side 0
er .88 .88
2 roads
411 16
Intersection Numb 100 114
130 7 20 140 6 6. 13
construction er 0 0
2 67
411
Construction of U
130 Km 0 0
Loop/Underpass
2
411 Bus-bay
Numb 744 744
130 construction 30 30
er .86 .86
2 (...mix...mix...m)
411 30 691
a) Reconstruction 19 20. 391 230 695
130 meter 80 23 .2 294 1.4
of culvert 1 5 5.5 0 .92
5 6 2
b) Culvert 416 416
meter 208 20 208
widening 0 0
c) Culvert New 111
20. 112 100
construction (at meter 55 471 33 0 559 85.
43 3.5 62
new location) 5
411 273
a) PC Girder 200 335 738 113
130 meter 800 22 89.
Bridge 00 .9 9.8 5.9
31 8
b) RCC Girder
meter 0 0
Bridge
c) Construction of
Bridge Approach
meter 0 0
Road (Total ...T
Bridges) ...m
411 d) Electrification
Numb
230 (Lighting)-- On 0 0
er
3 Bridges
411
Construction of Numb
130 0 0
Bailey Bridge er
3
411
Construction of Numb
130 0 0
foot over bridge er
3
Drain construction
411
(given in iBAS
130 0 0
Code may be for
7
WDB)
411
Drain
130 0 0
construction
2

GEO SMART PLANNING 169

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

(may be given for

RHD)
a) RCC saucer 100 130 100 130
meter
drain 0 .77 0 .77
b) RCC 459 620 459 620
meter
box/covered drain 0 .71 0 .71
c) Cross drain meter 0 0
0.1
d) Concrete U 95 131 961 0. 853 105 984
meter 38
drain 0 .29 0 09 .31 60 .6
2
17 0.0 104 104
174
e) Surface drain meter 40 60 6.7 6.7
00
0 16 4 4
411
Protective work
130 0 0
(types and ...m)
2
Squar 11
a) Concrete Slope 0.0 191 277 514 565 0. 655 954 136
e 25
Protection 2 .49 00 .93 00 01 .68 50 2.1
meter 0
0.1
b) Construction of 35 424 350 424
meter 21
tow-walls 00 .51 0 .51
29
0.8 379 296 134 201
c) RCC Retaining 44 497 107 1. 201
meter 63 9.1 2.1 16. 77.
Wall 00 0 80 24 50
44 3 2 01 26
61 0.0 451 527 642 162
422 716 0. 175
d) Palisading meter 63 73 1.6 3.3 0.2 05.
48 30 09 508
0 21 7 6 1 24
e) River Bank 216 216
260 0. 260
Protection Work meter 3.6 3.6
0 83 0
(Deposit Work) 3 3
Numb 180 898 180 898
f) CC block
er 000 .01 000 .01
g) Geo textile filter
0 0
fabrics
411 21
Numb 645 645
130 Ferry construction 3 5.2 3
er .64 .64
2 1
411 Signs, signals,
130 km posts, road
2 markings, etc.
Traffic signs,
signals, km posts, Numb 369 369
0
road markings, er .2 .2
etc.
0.0
Numb 38 21. 0. 31. 108 52.
a) Traffic sign 56 705
er 0 47 04 37 5 84
49
0.0
Numb 38 11. 0. 17. 108 29.
b) Sign post 31 705
er 0 93 02 42 5 35
39
12 0.0
c) Concrete guide Numb 301 118 0. 206 247 508
90 23
post er .6 50 02 .92 50 .52
0 38
0.0
d) Concrete km Numb 0. 8.6 14.
67 88 5.9 116 183
post er 07 4 54
06
Squar 57 0.0 297 355
63. 0. 283 347
e) Road marking e 09 11 95. 05.
6 01 .79 .39
meter .9 14 51 41
12
Numb 0.7 38. 461 500
f) Directional sign 50 36 .8 86
er 73 65 .99 .64
3

GEO SMART PLANNING 170

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

g) Cantilever Numb 3.5 43. 2. 168 211

12 74 86
directional sign er 9 05 28 .9 .95
14 0.0
h) Reflecting Road Numb 130 211 0. 156 353 287
20 09
Stads er .2 00 01 .81 00 .01
0 17
116 0. 571 116 571
J) Guard rail meter
20 05 .2 20 .2
411
Tree removal and Numb 639 26. 639 62.
130 36
uprooting er 00 7 00 7
2
411
173 108 1. 111 393
130 tree planting Km 37 4.7 109 146
.84 .66 02 .02 .52
2
491 143
Numb 75 1.0 764 370
111 Utility sifting 302 750 7.1
er 0 2 .4 .71
1 1
642 956 752 235
Sub-total (Capital)
64. 89. 74. 228
(b):
46 72 61 .79
644 957 753 235
Total (A+B): 93. 31. 17. 542
46 22 61 .29
(c) Physical Contingency 0
235
Physical Contingency 644 957 753
5.4
(1.00%) .93 .31 .18
2
(d) Price Contingency 0
235
644 957 753
Price Contingency (1.00%) 5.4
.93 .31 .18
2
657 976 768 240
Total = (A+B+C+D) 83. 45. 23. 253
32 84 96 .12

GEO SMART PLANNING 171

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

6.4 Major Expenses for the Improvement of Khulna RHD 5 Zilla

Roads

Table 6-9: Total Cost for Khulna RHD 5 Zilla Roads

Total
Econom Quantit
Item no. & Description Unit Rate (in Lac
ic Code y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Supply and Services
3255104 Stationery L.S 25.00
Publication and
3211125 L.S 17.00
Tendering
Honorium (For PIC,
3111332 L.S 25.00
PSC, TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 21.00
3257101 Supervision Consultant L.S 91.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257301 L.S 50.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 229.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Purchase of inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 100.00 100.00
vehicle (Jeep)
Purchase of inspection
4112101 Number 3.00 75.00 225.00
vehicle (pick-up)
Purchase of Inspection
4112101 Number 5.00 2.00 10.00
Vehicle (Motorcycle)
4112101 Purchase of Pay Loader Number 1.00 120.00 120.00
4112101 Purchase of Pea Grader Number 1.00 200.00 200.00
Purchase of dump
4112101 Number
trucks
Engineering Machinery
4112304 Set 4.00 15.00 60.00
(Total Station)
Accumulation of
resources
16,487.
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 35.68 462.10
80
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 78.76
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 188.00
construction
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic 5,314.3
4111302 embankment widening, 14.52 366.00
Meter 2
new construction)

GEO SMART PLANNING 172

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:

Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and
7.30m Bituminous Surface with 1.80m
Elevation of existing 3,171.8
Km 14.93 212.42
pavement - 3.05 m 2
Reconstruction of
4,023.7
existing pavement - 3.05 Km 63.42 63.45
2
m
Reconstruction of
existing pavement - 5.50 Km 2.71 94.31 255.78
m
Main road widening
3,977.5
(3.70m to 5.50m = 1.8m Km 63.42 62.72
1
= 2x0.90m)
Road New Construction
- 5.50m (Alignment Km 2.58 272.41 703.63
Correction)
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with widening 6,109.3
Km 83.90 72.81
3.70 m + widening 1.8 9
m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface
Construction of Rigid 5,754.6
4111302 meter 8.37 687.53
Pavement - 7.3 m 0
4111302 Intersection construction Number 7.00 20.00 140.00
a) Reconstruction of 3,915.5
4111305 meter 191.00 20.50
culvert (...t, ...m) 0
c) Culvert New
1,123.5
construction (at new meter 55.00 20.43
0
location) 11, 33m
0.1382
c) Concrete U drain meter 950.00 131.29
0
17,400. 0.0601 1,046.7
d) Surface drain meter
00 6 4
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 11,250.
Square meter 0.02 191.49
Protection 00
b) Construction of tow- 3,500.0 0.1212
meter 424.51
walls 0 9
4,400.0 0.8634 3,799.1
c) RCC Retaining Wall meter
0 4 3
61,630. 0.0732 4,511.6
d) Palisading meter
00 1 7
4111302 Ferry construction Number 3.00 215.21 645.64
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
0.0564
a) Traffic sign Number 380.00 21.47
9

GEO SMART PLANNING 173

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

0.0313
b) Sign post Number 380.00 11.93
9
12,900. 0.0233
c) Concrete guide post Number 301.60
00 8
0.0880
d) Concrete km post Number 67.00 5.90
6
5,709.9 0.0111
e) Road marking Square meter 63.60
0 4
0.7730
f) Directional sign Number 50.00 38.65
0
g) Cantilever directional
Number 12.00 3.59 43.05
sign
h) Reflecting Road 14,200. 0.0091
Number 130.22
Stads 00 7
4111302 tree planting Km 37.00 4.70 173.84
4911111 Utility sifting Number 750.00 1.02 764.40
64,264.
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
46
64,493.
Total (A+B):
46
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 644.93
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 644.93
65783.3
Total = (A+B+C+D)
2

6.4.1 Z-7040
Table 6-10: Cost Breakdown for Z-7040

Total
Econom Quantit
Item no. & Description Unit Rate (in Lac
ic Code y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
3255104 Stationery L.S 5.00
Publication and
3211125 L.S 3.00
Tendering
Honorium (For PIC,
3111332 L.S 5.00
PSC, TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 4.00
3257101 Supervision Consultant L.S 18.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257301 L.S 10.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 45.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets

GEO SMART PLANNING 174

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Purchase of inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 100.00 100.00
vehicle (Jeep)
Purchase of Inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 2.00 2.00
Vehicle (Motorcycle)
4112101 Purchase of Pay Loader Number 1.00 120.00 120.00
4112101 Purchase of Pea Grader Number 1.00 200.00 200.00
Engineering Machinery
4112304 Set 1.00 15.00 15.00
(Total Station)
Accumulation of
resources
7,440.0
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 12.00 620.00
0
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 19.69
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 60.00
construction
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic 1,281.0
4111302 embankment widening, 3.50 366.00
Meter 0
new construction)
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and
7.30m Bituminous Surface with 1.80m
Reconstruction of
existing pavement - 5.50 Km 4.00 202.83 811.30
m
Reinforcement of
1,504.7
existing pavement - 3.70 Km 23.717 63.45
9
m
Main road widening
1,429.9
(3.70m to 5.50m = 1.8m Km 23.717 60.29
2
= 2x0.90m)
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with widening 2,035.2
Km 27.717 73.43
3.70 m + widening 1.8 7
m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main Lane
to Bituminous Surface
Construction of Rigid 1,351.3
4111302 meter 1.90 711.21
Pavement - 7.3 m 0
4111302 Intersection construction Number 4.00 20.00 80.00
a) Reconstruction of
4111305 meter 29.00 20.50 594.50
culvert (...t, ...m)
c) Culvert New
construction (at new meter 8.00 20.00 160.00
location) 11, 33m
Drain construction (may
4111302
be given for RHD)
0.1429
a) Concrete U drain meter 450.00 64.34
8

GEO SMART PLANNING 175

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

4000.0 0.0601
b) Surface drain meter 240.63
0 6
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 1250.0
Square meter 0.0190 23.69
Protection 0
c) RCC Retaining Wall meter 500.00 0.86 431.09
22800. 0.0675 1,539.6
d) Palisading meter
00 3 8
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
5651.0
a) Traffic sign Number 100.00 5.65
0
3140.0
b) Sign post Number 100.00 3.14
0
5000.0 2338.0
c) Concrete guide post Number 116.90
0 0
1711.9 1114.0
e) Road marking Square meter 19.07
5 0
0.7725
f) Directional sign Number 12.00 9.27
0
g) Cantilever directional
Number 2.00 3.59 7.18
sign
h) Reflecting Road 5000.0 0.0091
Number 45.85
Stads 0 7
4111302 tree planting Km 15.00 4.70 70.47
4911111 Utility sifting Number 250.00 1.05 262.50
20,044.
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
23
20,089.
Total (A+B):
23
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 200.89
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 200.89
20491.0
Total = (A+B+C+D)
1

6.4.2 Z-7043
Table 6-11: Cost Breakdown for Z-7043

Total
Econom Quantit
Item no. & Description Unit Rate (in Lac
ic Code y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Supply and Services
3255104 Stationery L.S 5.00

GEO SMART PLANNING 176

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Publication and
3211125 L.S 5.00
Tendering
Honorium (For PIC,
3111332 L.S 5.00
PSC, TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 5.00
3257101 Supervision Consultant L.S 20.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257301 L.S 10.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 50.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Purchase of inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 75.00 75.00
vehicle (pick-up)
Purchase of Inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 2.00 2.00
Vehicle (Motorcycle)
Engineering Machinery
4112304 Set 1.00 15.00 15.00
(Total Station)
Accumulation of
resources
4,560.0
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 7.68 593.75
0
Construction and
completion
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 58.00
construction
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic
4111302 embankment widening, 2.60 366.00 951.60
Meter
new construction)
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and
7.30m Bituminous Surface with 1.80m
Reconstruction of
1,295.0
existing pavement - 5.50 Km 5.974 216.78
3
m
Reinforcement of
1,031.8
existing pavement - 3.70 Km 16.263 63.45
5
m
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - 5.50 Km 2.412 94.31 227.48
m
Main road widening
1,063.6
(3.70m to 5.50m = 1.8m Km 16.263 65.40
0
= 2x0.90m)
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with widening 1,822.6
Km 24.830 73.40
3.70 m + widening 1.8 4
m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main Lane
to Bituminous Surface
Construction of Rigid 2,807.0
4111302 meter 3.95 710.64
Pavement - 7.3 m 1

GEO SMART PLANNING 177

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

a) Reconstruction of 1,886.0
4111305 meter 92.00 20.50
culvert (...t, ...m) 0
Drain construction (may
4111302
be given for RHD)
0.1324
c) Concrete U drain meter 100.00 13.24
0
8000.0 0.0601
d) Surface drain meter 481.26
0 6
b) Construction of tow- 1000.0 0.0572
meter 57.26
walls 0 6
0.8621
c) RCC Retaining Wall meter 500.00 431.09
8
8900.0 0.0950
d) Palisading meter 845.88
0 4
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc.
0.0565
a) Traffic sign Number 100.00 5.65
0
0.0314
b) Sign post Number 100.00 3.14
0
2500.0 0.0233
c) Concrete guide post Number 58.45
0 8
0.0880
d) Concrete km post Number 30.00 2.64
0
1413.3 0.0111
e) Road marking Square meter 15.74
1 4
0.7730
f) Directional sign Number 10.00 7.73
0
g) Cantilever directional
Number 2.00 3.59 7.18
sign
2000.0 0.0091
h) Reflecting Road Stads Number 18.34
0 7
4111302 tree planting Km 7.00 4.70 32.89
4911111 Utility sifting Number 200.00 1.84 367.50
18,143.
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
20
18,193.
Total (A+B):
20
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 181.93
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 181.93
18557.0
Total = (A+B+C+D)
6

GEO SMART PLANNING 178

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

6.4.3 Z-7045
Table 6-12: Cost Breakdown for Z-7045

Economi Item no. & Description Unit Quantit Rate Total (in
c Code y Lac
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Supply and Services
3211125 Publication and Tendering L.S 3.00
3111332 Honorium (For PIC, PSC, L.S 5.00
TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 4.00
3257101 Supervision Consultant L.S 18.00
3257301 Ceremonies/Festivals L.S 10.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 45.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of assets
Purchase of inspection 1.00 75.00 75.00
4112101 Number
vehicle (pick-up)
Purchase of Inspection Number 1.00 2.00 2.00
4112101
Vehicle (Motorcycle)
4112304 Engineering Machinery 1.00 15.00 15.00
Set
(Total Station)
Accumulation of
resources
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 5.50 580.00 3,190.00
Construction and
completion
4111302 General and site facilities L.S. 19.69
Maintenance during 24.00
4111302 L.S.
construction
4111302 Earthworks (road Lac 1.60 366.00 585.60
embankment widening, new Cubic
construction) Meter
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and
3.70m wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane
and 7.30m Bituminous Surface with
1.80m
Reconstruction of existing Km 2.00 202.83 405.65
pavement - 5.50 m
Reinforcement of existing Km 8.276 63.45 525.09
pavement - 3.70 m
Main road widening (3.70m Km 8.276 63.45 525.09
to 5.50m = 1.8m = 2x0.90m)
"Surfacing (5.50 m) Km 10.276 73.43 754.57
(Main lane with widening
3.70 m + widening 1.8 m)

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main

Lane to Bituminous Surface
4111302 Rigid Pavement 1.60 588.21 941.14
meter
Construction – 7.3 m
4111302 Intersection construction Number 3.00 20.00 60.00
Drain construction (may be
4111302
given for RHD)
a) Concrete U drain meter 100.00 0.1398 13.98
0
b) Surface drain meter 3400.00 0.0601 204.53
6
Protective work (types and
4111302
...m)
c) RCC Retaining Wall meter 200.00 0.8760 175.21
5
d) Palisading meter 8000.00 0.0675 540.24
3
20. Signs, signals, km posts,
4111302 road markings, etc
a) Traffic sign Number 50.00 0.0565 2.83
1
b) Sign post Number 50.00 0.0314 1.57
0
c) Concrete guide post Number 2000.00 0.0233 46.76
8
d) Concrete km post Number 12.00 0.0883 1.06
3
e) Road marking Square 878.83 0.0111 9.79
meter 4
f) Directional sign Number 8.00 0.7737 6.19
5
g) Cantilever directional sign Number 2.00 3.59 7.18
h) Reflecting Road Stads Number 5000.00 0.0091 45.85
7
4111302 tree planting Km 6.00 4.70 28.19
4911111 Utility sifting Number 2.91
Sub-total (Capital) (b): 9,495.36
Total (A+B): 9,540.36
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 95.40
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 95.40
Total = (A+B+C+D) 9731.16

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6.4.4 Z-7603
Table 6-13: Cost Breakdown for Z-7603

Total
Economi Item no. & Quantit
Unit Rate (in Lac
c Code Description y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
3255104 Stationery L.S 5.00
Publication and
3211125 L.S 3.00
Tendering
Honorium (For PIC,
3111332 L.S 5.00
PSC, TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 4.00
3257101 Supervision Consultant L.S 15.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257301 L.S 10.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 42.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Purchase of Inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 2.00 2.00
Vehicle (Motorcycle)
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 19.69
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 16.00
construction
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic
4111302 embankment widening, 0.85 366.00 311.10
Meter
new construction)
11. Flexible
4111302
Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and
3.70m wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane
and 7.30m Bituminous Surface with
1.80m
Reconstruction of
existing pavement - Km 1.988 216.10 429.61
5.50 m
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - Km 5.582 63.45 354.16
3.70 m
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - Km 0.300 94.33 28.30
5.50 m
Main road widening
(3.70m to 5.50m = Km 5.582 65.11 363.42
1.8m = 2x0.90m)

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"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with
Km 7.900 66.99 529.26
widening 3.70 m +
widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface
Construction of Rigid
4111302 meter 0.400 711.38 284.55
Pavement - 7.3 m
a) Reconstruction of
4111305 meter 6.00 20.50 123.00
culvert (...3, ...6m)
Drain construction
4111302 (may be given for
RHD)
0.1324
a) Concrete U drain meter 100.00 13.24
0
0.0601
b) Surface drain meter 800.00 48.13
6
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Construction of tow- 0.1407
meter 500.00 70.37
walls 4
0.8760
b) RCC Retaining Wall meter 200.00 175.21
5
0.0852
c) Palisading meter 5930.00 505.39
3
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc.
0.0564
a) Traffic sign Number 50.00 2.82
0
0.0314
b) Sign post Number 50.00 1.57
0
0.0233
c) Concrete guide post Number 400.00 9.35
8
0.0880
d) Concrete km post Number 10.00 0.88
0
0.0111
e) Road marking Square meter 871.55 9.71
4
0.7730
f) Directional sign Number 10.00 7.73
0
g) Cantilever
Number 2.00 3.58 7.16
directional sign
h) Reflecting Road 0.0092
Number 200.00 1.84
Stads 0
4111302 tree planting Km 2.00 4.70 9.40
4911111 Utility sifting Number 100.00 1.05 105.00
3,428.8
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
9
3,470.8
Total (A+B):
9
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 34.71

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

(d) Price Contingency

Price Contingency (1.00%) 34.71
3540.3
Total = (A+B+C+D)
1

6.4.5 Z-7613
Table 6-14: Cost Breakdown for Z-7040

Total
Econom Quantit
Item no. & Description Unit Rate (in Lac
ic Code y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
3255104 Stationery L.S 5.00
Publication and
3211125 L.S 3.00
Tendering
Honorium (For PIC,
3111332 L.S 5.00
PSC, TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 4.00
3257101 Supervision Consultant L.S 20.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257301 L.S 10.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 47.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Purchase of inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 75.00 75.00
vehicle (pick-up)
Purchase of Inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 2.00 2.00
Vehicle (Motorcycle)
Engineering Machinery
4112304 Set 1.00 15.00 15.00
(Total Station)
Accumulation of
resources
1,297.8
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 10.50 123.60
0
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 19.69
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 30.00
construction
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic 2,185.0
4111302 embankment widening, 5.97 366.00
Meter 2
new construction)
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and
7.30m Bituminous Surface with 1.80m

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Reconstruction of
existing pavement - 5.50 Km 0.97 237.35 230.23
m
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - 3.70 Km 9.580 63.45 607.83
m
Main road widening
(3.70m to 5.50m = 1.8m Km 9.580 64.85 621.24
= 2x0.90m)
Road New Construction
- 5.50m (Bridge Km 2.583 272.41 703.63
Approach)
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with widening
Km 13.180 73.42 967.65
3.70 m + widening 1.8
m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main Lane
to Bituminous Surface
Construction of Rigid
4111302 meter 0.52 712.69 370.60
Pavement - 7.3 m
c) Culvert New
construction (at new meter 47.00 20.50 963.50
location) 10, 47m
Drain construction (may
4111302
be given for RHD)
0.1324
a) Concrete U drain meter 200.00 26.49
5
1200.0 0.0601
b) Surface drain meter 72.19
0 6
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 10000. 0.0167
Square meter 167.80
Protection 00 8
b) Construction of tow- 2000.0 0.1484
meter 296.88
walls 0 4
3000.0 0.8621 2,586.5
c) RCC Retaining Wall meter
0 8 3
16000. 0.0675 1,080.4
d) Palisading meter
00 3 8
4111302 Ferry construction Number 3.00 215.21 645.64
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
0.0565
a) Traffic sign Number 80.00 4.52
0
0.0313
b) Sign post Number 80.00 2.51
8
3000.0 0.0233
c) Concrete guide post Number 70.14
0 8
0.0880
d) Concrete km post Number 15.00 1.32
0
0.0111
e) Road marking Square meter 834.26 9.29
4

GEO SMART PLANNING 184

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

0.7730
f) Directional sign Number 10.00 7.73
0
g) Cantilever directional
Number 4.00 3.59 14.35
sign
h) Reflecting Road 2000.0 0.0091
Number 18.34
Stads 0 7
J) Guard rail meter
Tree removal and
4111302 Number
uprooting
4111302 tree planting Km 7.00 4.70 32.89
4911111 Utility sifting Number 200.00 0.13 26.49
13,152.
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
78
13,199.
Total (A+B):
78
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 132.00
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 132.00
13463.7
Total = (A+B+C+D)
8

GEO SMART PLANNING 185

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

6.5 Major Expenses for the Improvement of Bagerhat RHD 8 Zilla

Roads

Table 6-15: Total Cost for Bagerhat RHD of 5 Zilla Roads

Total
Econom
Item no. & Description Unit Quantity Rate (in Lac
ic Code
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Supply and Services
3255102 Printing and Binding L.S 5.00
3255104 Stationery L.S 5.00
Publication and
3211125 L.S 8.00
Tendering
Honorium (For PIC,
3111332 L.S 5.00
PSC, TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 10.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257301 L.S 10.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 43.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Purchase of inspection 100.0
4112101 Number 1 100.00
vehicle (Jeep) 0
Purchase of Inspection
4112101 Number 4.00 1.50 6.00
Vehicle (Motorcycle)
Purchase of dump truck 130.0
4112101 Number 1.00 130.00
(10-ton) 0
200.0
4112101 Purchase of Pay Loader Number 1.00 200.00
0
Accumulation of
resources
343.6 4,529.6
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 13.18
7 1
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 53.69
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 116.40
construction
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic 309.5 4,518.0
4111302 embankment widening, 14.59
Meter 7 1
new construction)
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and
7.30m Bituminous Surface with 1.80m

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Reinforcement of
existing pavement - 3.00 Km 4.10 51.44 210.92
m
Reconstruction of
106.5 2,466.9
existing pavement - 5.50 Km 23.16
1 2
m
Main road widening
(3.00m to 5.5m = 2.45m Km 4.10 82.67 338.96
= 2*1.225m)
Reinforcement of
3,018.1
existing pavement - 3.70 Km 51.56 58.54
3
m
Reinforcement of
147.6 1,289.7
existing pavement - 5.50 Km 8.73
7 9
m
Main road widening
2,718.9
(3.70m to 5.50m = 1.8m Km 52.23 52.05
2
= 2x0.90m)
Road New Construction
124.9
- 5.50m (Bridge Km 2.20 274.77
0
Approach)
Hard solder construction 1,273.5
Km 37.52 33.95
(2x 0.90 m = 1.80 m) 6
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with widening 8,248.4
Km 98.45 83.79
3.70 m + widening 1.8 2
m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface
Reconstruction of
265.9 2,111.3
existing pavement - 7.30 Km 7.94
1 3
m
201.0 1,595.9
Surfacing (7.30 m) Km 7.94
0 4
Construction of Rigid
4111302 meter 0.80 0.00 -
Pavement - 7.3 m
Rigid Pavement 555.5 2,073.9
4111302 meter 3.73
Construction - 5.5 m 6 1
166.6 1,000.0
4111302 Intersection construction Number 6.00
7 0
a) Reconstruction of
4111305 meter 23.00 30.26 695.92
culvert (...t, ...m)
b) Culvert widening (...t, 4,160.0
meter 208.00 20.00
...m) 0
c) Culvert New
construction (at new meter 33.00 0.00 -
location) 11, 33m
4111303 a) PC Girder Bridge 7,389.8
meter 335.90 22.00
1 (50.00m) 0
Drain construction
4111302 (may be given for
RHD)
a) Concrete U drain meter 9,610.00 0.09 853.31

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Protective work (types

4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 56,500.0
Square meter 0.01 655.68
Protection 0
10,780.0 13,416.
b) RCC Retaining Wall meter 1.24
0 01
71,630.0 6,420.2
c) Palisading meter 0.09
0 1
d) River Bank Protection 2,163.6
meter 2,600.00 0.83
Work (Deposit Work) 3
180,000.
e) CC block Number 0.00 898.01
00
4111302 Ferry construction Number
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
a) Traffic sign Number 705.00 0.04 31.37
b) Sign post Number 705.00 0.02 17.42
11,850.0
c) Concrete guide post Number 0.02 206.92
0
d) Concrete km post Number 116.00 0.07 8.64
29,795.5
e) Road marking Square meter 0.01 283.79
1
f) Directional sign Number 36.00 12.83 461.99
g) Cantilever directional
Number 74.00 2.28 168.90
sign
h) Reflecting Road 21,100.0
Number 0.01 156.81
Stads 0
11,620.0
i) Guard rail meter 0.05 571.20
0
Tree removal and 63,900.0
4111302 Number 0.00 26.70
uprooting 0
4111302 tree planting Km 109.00 1.02 111.02
4911111 Utility sifting Number 302.00
75,274.
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
61
75,317.
Total (A+B):
61
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 753.18
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 753.18
76823.9
Total = (A+B+C+D)
6

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

6.5.1 Z-7701
Table 6-16: Cost Breakdown for Z-7701

Total
Economi Item no. & Quantit
Unit Rate (in Lac
c Code Description y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Supply and Services
3255102 Printing and Binding L.S 5.00
3255104 Stationery L.S 5.00
Publication and
3211125 L.S 8.00
Tendering
Honorium (For PIC,
3111332 L.S 5.00
PSC, TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 10.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257301 L.S 10.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 43.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets

Purchase of Inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 2.00 2.00
Vehicle (Motorcycle)
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 8.15
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 20.00
construction
Earthworks (road
embankment Lac Cubic
4111302 1.26 366.00 461.89
widening, new Meter
construction)
11. Flexible
4111302
Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and
3.70m wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane
and 7.30m Bituminous Surface with
1.80m
Reconstruction of
existing pavement - Km 1.180 259.68 306.42
5.50 m
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - Km 9.986 67.15 670.54
3.70 m
Main road widening
(3.70m to 5.50m = Km 10.214 61.90 632.25
1.8m = 2x0.90m)

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"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with
Km 11.352 76.59 869.42
widening 3.70 m +
widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface
Rigid Pavement
4111302 meter 0.228 454.52 103.63
Construction - 5.5 m
Intersection
4111302 Number 1.00 200.00 200.00
construction
Bus-bay construction
4111302 (...mix...mix...m) ...t = Number 2.00 43.50 86.99
...m
a) Reconstruction of 1,600.0
4111305 meter 80.00 20.00
culvert (...t, ...m) 0
4111303 a) PC Girder Bridge (6, 2,332.0
meter 106.00 22.00
1 300.616m) 0
0.1065
a) Concrete U drain meter 500.00 53.27
4
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 0.0167
Square meter 4800.00 80.54
Protection 8
16660.0 0.1025 1,707.8
b) Palisading meter
0 1 2
Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc.
0.0565
a) Traffic sign Number 60.00 3.39
0
0.0313
b) Sign post Number 60.00 1.88
3
0.0233
c) Concrete guide post Number 1500.00 35.07
8
0.0883
d) Concrete km post Number 12.00 1.06
3
0.0111
e) Road marking Square meter 2957.52 32.95
4
f) Directional sign Number 4.00 16.50 66.00
g) Cantilever
Number 8.00 2.82 22.52
directional sign
h) Reflecting Road 0.0091
Number 2300.00 21.09
Stads 7
J) Guard rail meter 800.00 0.060 48.00
Tree removal and
4111302 Number 1500.00 0.0030 4.50
uprooting
4111302 tree planting Km 11.41 1.186 13.53
4911111 Utility sifting Number 30.00
9,414.9
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
1
9,457.9
Total (A+B):
1

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

(c) Physical Contingency

Physical Contingency (1.00%) 94.58
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 94.58
9647.0
Total = (A+B+C+D)
7

6.5.2 Z-7801
Table 6-17: Cost Breakdown for Z-7801

Total
Econom Quantit
Item no. & Description Unit Rate (in Lac
ic Code y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Sub-Total (A): 0.00
B Capital
Accumulation of
resources
1,571.2
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 3.00 523.76
7
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 8.15
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 30.00
construction
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic
4111302 embankment widening, 2.111 366.00 772.63
Meter
new construction)
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and
7.30m Bituminous Surface with 1.80m
Reconstruction of
existing pavement - 5.50 Km 0.360 236.78 85.24
m
Reinforcement of
1,372.5
existing pavement - 3.70 Km 21.632 63.45
0
m
Main road widening
1,336.1
(3.70m to 5.50m = 1.8m Km 22.082 60.51
4
= 2x0.90m)
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with widening 3,381.8
Km 22.050 153.37
3.70 m + widening 1.8 9
m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main Lane
to Bituminous Surface

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Rigid Pavement
4111302 meter 0.450 573.87 258.24
Construction - 5.5 m
4111302 Intersection construction Number 1.00 200.00 200.00
Bus-bay construction
4111302 (...mix...mix...m) ...t = Number 2.00 43.50 86.99
...m
a) Reconstruction of
4111305 meter 16.00 20.00 320.00
culvert (...t, ...m)
4111303 a) PC Girder Bridge (6,
meter 42.00 22.00 924.00
1 300.616m)
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 4800.0 0.0167
Square meter 80.54
Protection 0 8
6000.0 1.3135 7,881.0
b) RCC Retaining Wall meter
0 0 0
27960. 0.1025 2,866.1
c) Palisading meter
00 1 8
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
0.0565
a) Traffic sign Number 150.00 8.48
3
0.0314
b) Sign post Number 150.00 4.71
0
2000.0 0.0233
c) Concrete guide post Number 46.76
0 8
0.0882
d) Concrete km post Number 23.00 2.03
6
5558.9 0.0111
e) Road marking Square meter 61.93
0 4
f) Directional sign Number 8.00 16.50 131.99
g) Cantilever directional
Number 14.00 2.82 39.41
sign
h) Reflecting Road 3000.0 0.0091
Number 27.51
Stads 0 7
J) Guard rail meter 920.00 0.060 55.20
Tree removal and 3000.0
4111302 Number 0.0030 9.00
uprooting 0
4111302 tree planting Km 22.35 1.209 27.01
4911111 Utility sifting Number 60.00
21,648.
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
80
21,648.
Total (A+B):
80
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 216.49
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 216.49
22081.7
Total = (A+B+C+D)
8

GEO SMART PLANNING 192

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

6.5.3 Z-7714
Table 6-18: Cost Breakdown for Z-7714

Total (in
Econom Quantit
Item no. & Description Unit Rate Lac
ic Code y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Sub-Total (A): 0.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Purchase of inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 100.00 100.00
vehicle (Jeep)
Purchase of Inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 2.00 2.00
Vehicle (Motorcycle)
4112101 Purchase of Pay Loader Number 1.00 130.00 130.00
4112101 Purchase of Pea Grader Number 1.00 200.00 200.00
Accumulation of
resources
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 7.190 411.45 2,958.34
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 8.15
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 10.00
construction
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic
4111302 embankment widening, 1.783 366.00 652.58
Meter
new construction)
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and
7.30m Bituminous Surface with 1.80m
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - 3.70 Km 2.448 113.68 278.30
m
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - 5.50 Km 6.270 167.19 1,048.28
m
Main road widening
(3.70m to 5.50m = 1.8m Km 2.448 57.24 140.13
= 2x0.90m)
Road New Construction
- 5.50m (Bridge Km 0.900 305.30 274.77
Approach)
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with widening
Km 9.845 76.26 750.81
3.70 m + widening 1.8
m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface

GEO SMART PLANNING 193

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Rigid Pavement
4111302 meter 0.605 698.91 422.84
Construction - 5.5 m
4111302 Intersection construction Number 1.00 200.00 200.00
Bus-bay construction
4111302 (...mix...mix...m) ...t = Number 2.00 43.50 86.99
...m
a) Reconstruction of
4111305 meter 89.00 20.00 1,780.00
culvert (...t, ...m)
4111303 a) PC Girder Bridge (6,
meter 137.90 22.00 3,033.80
1 300.616m)
2610.0 0.1065
c) Concrete U drain meter 278.04
0 3
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 14400. 0.0189
Square meter 272.88
Protection 00 5
1600.0 1.3137
b) RCC Retaining Wall meter 2,102.00
0 5
5300.0 0.1025
c) Palisading meter 543.30
0 1
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
0.0565
a) Traffic sign Number 40.00 2.26
0
0.0315
b) Sign post Number 40.00 1.26
0
2000.0 0.0233
c) Concrete guide post Number 46.76
0 8
0.0881
d) Concrete km post Number 11.00 0.97
8
2727.3 0.0111
e) Road marking Square meter 30.38
5 4
f) Directional sign Number 4.00 16.50 66.00
g) Cantilever directional
Number 8.00 2.82 22.52
sign
h) Reflecting Road 2500.0 0.0091
Number 22.93
Stads 0 7
1800.0
J) Guard rail meter 0.060 108.00
0
Tree removal and 1000.0
4111302 Number 0.0030 3.00
uprooting 0
4111302 tree planting Km 9.606 1.147 11.02
4911111 Utility sifting Number 30.00
15,618.3
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
1
15,618.3
Total (A+B):
1
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 156.18
(d) Price Contingency

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Price Contingency (1.00%) 156.18

15930.6
Total = (A+B+C+D)
76

6.5.4 Z-7716
Table 6-19: Cost Breakdown for Z-7040

Total
Economi Item no. & Quantit
Unit Rate (in Lac
c Code Description y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Sub-Total (A): 0.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 8.15
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 15.00
construction
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic
4111302 embankment widening, 1.500 366.00 549.00
Meter
new construction)
11. Flexible
4111302
Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and
3.70m wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane
and 7.30m Bituminous Surface with
1.80m
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - Km 8.115 67.15 544.90
3.70 m
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - Km 2.464 98.02 241.51
5.50 m
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with
Km 10.579 73.43 776.82
widening 3.70 m +
widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface
Intersection
4111302 Number 1.00 200.00 200.00
construction
Bus-bay construction
4111302 (...mix...mix...m) ...t = Number 2.00 43.50 86.99
...m
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 0.0189
Square meter 3600.00 68.22
Protection 5

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0.1025
b) Palisading meter 2710.00 277.80
1
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
0.0565
a) Traffic sign Number 35.00 1.98
7
0.0314
b) Sign post Number 35.00 1.10
3
0.0233
c) Concrete guide post Number 400.00 9.35
8
0.0881
d) Concrete km post Number 11.00 0.97
8
0.0111
e) Road marking Square meter 2732.60 30.44
4
f) Directional sign Number 4.00 16.50 66.00
g) Cantilever
Number 8.00 2.82 22.52
directional sign
h) Reflecting Road 0.0091
Number 3000.00 27.51
Stads 7
J) Guard rail meter 400.00 0.060 24.00
Tree removal and
4111302 Number 1000.00 0.0030 3.00
uprooting
4111302 tree planting Km 10.579 1.042 11.02
4911111 Utility sifting Number 30.00
3,460.7
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
9
3,460.7
Total (A+B):
9
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 34.61
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 34.61
3530.0
Total = (A+B+C+D)
1

6.5.5 Z-7704
Table 6-20: Cost Breakdown for Z-7040

Total
Economi Item no. &
Unit Quantity Rate (in Lac
c Code Description
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Sub-Total (A): 0.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets

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Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 7.03
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 10.00
construction
Earthworks (road
embankment Lac Cubic
4111302 1.329 366.00 486.41
widening, new Meter
construction)
11. Flexible
4111302
Pavement:
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface
Reconstruction of
2,111.3
existing pavement - Km 7.94 265.91
3
7.30 m
1,595.9
Surfacing (7.30 m) Km 7.940 201.00
4
Bus-bay construction
4111302 (...mix...mix...m) ...t = Number 2.00 43.50 86.99
...m
Drain construction
4111302 (may be given for
RHD)
180000.0 0.00498
a) CC block Number 898.01
0 9
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
a) Traffic sign Number 60.00 0.05650 3.39
b) Sign post Number 60.00 0.03133 1.88
c) Concrete guide
Number 1200.00 0.02338 28.06
post
d) Concrete km post Number 8.00 0.08750 0.70
e) Road marking Square meter 2244.51 0.01114 25.00
f) Directional sign Number 3.00 16.50 49.50
g) Cantilever
Number 6.00 2.82 16.89
directional sign
h) Reflecting Road
Number 2000.00 0.00917 18.34
Stads
J) Guard rail meter 4000.00 0.060 240.00
Tree removal and
4111302 Number 300.00 0.0030 0.90
uprooting
4111302 tree planting Km 7.970 1.339 10.67
4911111 Utility sifting Number 20.00
5,611.0
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
4
5,611.0
Total (A+B):
4
(c) Physical Contingency

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Physical Contingency (1.00%) 56.11

(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 56.11
5723.2
Total = (A+B+C+D)
6

6.5.6 Z-7045
Table 6-21: Cost Breakdown for Z-7045

Total
Economi Item no. & Quantit
Unit Rate (in Lac
c Code Description y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Supply and Services
Sub-Total (A): 0.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Purchase of Inspection
4112101 Number 1.00 2.00 2.00
Vehicle (Motorcycle)
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 7.03
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 10.00
construction
Earthworks (road
embankment Lac Cubic
4111302 0.85929 366.00 314.50
widening, new Meter
construction)
11. Flexible
4111302
Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and
3.70m wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane
and 7.30m Bituminous Surface with
1.80m
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - Km 4.10 51.44 210.92
3.00 m
Reconstruction of
existing pavement - Km 0.220 257.95 56.75
5.50 m
Main road widening
(3.05m to 5.5m = Km 4.10 82.67 338.96
2.45m = 2*1.225m)
Reinforcement of
existing pavement - Km 2.394 63.45 151.89
3.70 m

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Main road widening

(3.70m to 5.50m = Km 2.394 60.94 145.89
1.8m = 2x0.90m)
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with
Km 6.767 70.98 480.30
widening 3.70 m +
widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface
Rigid Pavement
4111302 meter 1.500 458.59 687.88
Construction - 5.5 m
Intersection
4111302 Number 1.00 200.00 200.00
construction
Bus-bay construction
4111302 (...mix...mix...m) ...t = Number 2.00 43.50 86.99
...m
a) Reconstruction of
4111305 meter 3.00 20.00 60.00
culvert (...t, ...m)
4111303 a) PC Girder Bridge (6, 1,100.0
meter 50.000 22.00
1 300.616m) 0
0.1065
c) Concrete U drain meter 3000.00 319.59
3
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 6400.0 0.01895
Square meter 121.28
Protection 0 0
2000.0 1.31350 2,627.0
b) RCC Retaining Wall meter
0 5 1
3500.0
c) Palisading meter 0.10251 358.79
0
d) River Bank
3.60605 2,163.6
Protection Work meter 600.00
0 3
(Deposit Work)
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
0.0565
a) Traffic sign Number 60.00 3.39
0
0.0313
b) Sign post Number 60.00 1.88
3
0.0233
c) Concrete guide post Number 600.00 14.03
8
0.0883
d) Concrete km post Number 9.00 0.80
3
0.0111
e) Road marking Square meter 1883.21 20.98
4
f) Directional sign Number 3.00 16.50 49.50
g) Cantilever
Number 6.00 2.82 16.89
directional sign
h) Reflecting Road 0.0091
Number 2000.00 18.34
Stads 7
J) Guard rail meter 800.00 0.060 48.00

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Tree removal and

4111302 Number 600.00 0.0030 1.80
uprooting
4111302 tree planting Km 8.228 1.302 10.71
4911111 Utility sifting Number 20.00
9,649.7
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
3
9,649.7
Total (A+B):
3
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 96.50
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 96.50
9842.7
Total = (A+B+C+D)
2

6.5.7 Z-8409
Table 6-22: Cost Breakdown for Z-8409

Total
Economi Item no. & Quantit
Unit Rate (in Lac
c Code Description y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Sub-Total (A): 0.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 7.03
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 L.S. 21.40
construction
Earthworks (road
embankment Lac Cubic 1,281.0
4111302 3.50000 366.00
widening, new Meter 0
construction)
11. Flexible
4111302
Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and
3.70m wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane
and 7.30m Bituminous Surface with
1.80m
Reconstruction of
2,018.5
existing pavement - Km 21.402 94.31
1
5.50 m
Hard solder
1,273.5
construction (2x 0.90 Km 21.402 59.51
6
m = 1.80 m)

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"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with 1,989.1
Km 21.402 92.94
widening 3.70 m + 8
widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface
Rigid Pavement
4111302 meter 0.950 632.97 601.32
Construction - 5.5 m
Bus-bay construction
4111302 (...mix...mix...m) ...t = Number 4.00 43.50 173.98
...m
a) Reconstruction of
4111305 meter 20.00 20.00 400.00
culvert (...t, ...m)
Drain construction
4111302 (may be given for
RHD)
a) Concrete U drain meter 1900.00 0.10653 202.41
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 0.01895
Square meter 1700.00 32.22
Protection 3
1.61200
c) RCC Retaining Wall meter 500.00 806.00
0
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
a) Traffic sign Number 150.00 0.05651 8.48
b) Sign post Number 150.00 0.03140 4.71
c) Concrete guide post Number 1150.00 0.02338 26.89
d) Concrete km post Number 24.00 0.08811 2.11
e) Road marking Square meter 7371.07 0.01114 82.11
f) Directional sign Number 2.00 16.50 33.00
g) Cantilever
Number 10.00 2.82 28.15
directional sign
h) Reflecting Road
Number 2300.00 0.00917 21.09
Stads
J) Guard rail meter 800.00 0.0600 48.00
Tree removal and
4111302 Number 1500.00 0.00300 4.50
uprooting
4111302 tree planting Km 22.742 1.190 27.06
4911111 Utility sifting Number 112.00
9,871.0
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
3
9,871.0
Total (A+B):
3
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 98.71
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 98.71

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10068.4
Total = (A+B+C+D)
5

6.5.8 Z-7718
Table 6-23: Cost Breakdown for Z-7718

Total (in
Economi Item no. & Quantit
Unit Rate Lac
c Code Description y
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Sub-Total (A): 0.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Construction and
completion
General and site
4111302 L.S. 8.240
facilities
Maintenance during
4111302 Km 24.160 0.828 20.000
construction
Earthworks (road
embankment Lac Cubic
4111302 5.936 599.00 3555.473
widening, new Meter
construction)
11. Flexible
4111302
Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and
3.70m wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane
and 7.30m Bituminous Surface with
1.80m
228.26
New Construction Km 1.770 404.021
0
Reconstruction of 221.33
Km 21.210 4694.537
Roads 6
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with
Km 24.160 91.613 3555.473
widening 3.70 m +
widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface
Reconstruction of
existing pavement - Km
7.30 m
Surfacing (7.30 m) Km
Construction of Rigid
4111302 meter
Pavement - 7.3 m
Rigid Pavement 739.23
4111302 meter 0.800 591.386
Construction - 5.5 m 3
4111302 Footpath construction meter

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Construction of road
4111302 Km
divider
4111302 A) New Jersey Barrier Km
b) Road median Km
Development of
4111302 approach to side Number
roads
Intersection
4111302 Number
construction
Construction of U
4111302 meter 1600.00 0.193 308.279
Loop/Underpass-... t
Bus-bay construction
4111302 (...mix...mix...m) ...t = Number
...m
a) Reconstruction of
4111305 meter
culvert (...t, ...m)
b) Culvert widening
meter
(...t, ...m)
c) Culvert New
construction (at new meter 43.00 30.978 1332.042
location) 11, 33m
4111303 a) PC Girder Bridge
meter
1 (6, 300.616m)
b) RCC Girder Bridge
meter
(...t,...m)
c) Construction of
Bridge Approach
meter
Road (Total ...T
Bridges) ...m
d) Electrification
(Lighting)-- On
4112303 Number
Bridges, No. of
Bridges - 1 T
Construction of Bailey
4111303 Number
Bridge
Construction of foot
4111303 Number
over bridge
Drain construction
4111307 (given in iBAS Code
may be for WDB)
Drain construction
4111302 (may be given for
RHD)
a) RCC saucer drain meter
b) Cross drain meter
c) Concrete U drain meter
d) Surface drain meter
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope 3840.00
Square meter 0.022 84.288
Protection 0

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b) Construction of
meter
tow-walls
c) RCC Retaining Wall meter
15000.0
d) Palisading meter 0.140 2105.785
0
e) River Bank
Protection Work meter
(Deposit Work)
f) CC block Number
g) Geo textile filter
fabrics
234.12 468.2402
4111302 Ferry construction Number 2.00
0 4
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302 posts, road markings,
etc
a) Traffic sign Number 200.000 0.061 12.116
b) Sign post Number 200.000 0.035 7.038
c) Concrete guide 2000.00
Number 0.023 46.260
post 0
d) Concrete km post Number 25.00 0.084 2.098
5846.40
e) Road marking Square meter 0.012 69.455
0
f) Directional sign Number
g) Cantilever
Number
directional sign
h) Reflecting Road
Number
Stads
i) Guard rail meter
j) Guide post branding Square meter 502.650 0.111 55.919
k) Shyavron Number 120.000 0.147 17.681
Tree removal and 18000.0
4111302 Number 0.003 54.000
uprooting 0
4111302 tree planting Km 22.980 0.408 9.367
4911111 Utility sifting Number 24.160 0.181 4.381
Sub-total (Capital) (b): 16063.98
Total (A+B): 16063.98
(c) Physical Contingency 160.64
Physical Contingency (1.00%)
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 160.64
Total = (A+B+C+D) 16385.26

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6.6 Major Expenses for the Improvement of Satkhira RHD 8 Zilla

Roads

Satkhira RHD

Table 6-24: Total Cost for Satkhirat RHD of 5 Zilla Roads

Total (in
Economi
Item no. & Description Unit Quantity Rate Lac
c Code
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7.00
A Revenue
Supply and Services
3255102 Printing and Binding L.S 4.00
3255104 Stationery L.S 3.50
3211125 Publication and Tendering L.S 4.00
Honorium (For PIC, PSC,
3111332 L.S 2.00
TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 8.00
Consultancy (Survey, Design
3257101 L.S 20.00
and Soil Testing)
Sub-Total (A): 41.50
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of assets
Accumulation of resources
27,093.5
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 89.494
5
Construction and
completion
4111302 General and site facilities L.S. 117.85
Earthworks (road Lac
4111302 embankment widening, new Cubic 14.24585 7,905.37
construction) Meter
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and
3.70m wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane
and 7.30m Bituminous Surface with
1.80m
Elevation of existing
Km 31.45 6,627.49
pavement
Reconstruction of existing
Km 2.94 300.66
pavement
Main road widening (3.70m
Km 2.94 208.48
to 5.50m = 1.8m = 2x0.90m)
Road New Construction Km 26.725 2,886.33
"Surfacing (5.50 m) Km 57.6 4,407.33

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(Main lane with widening

3.70 m + widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main
Lane to Bituminous Surface
Rigid Pavement
4111302 meter 4250 2,503.08
Construction
4111302 Footpath construction meter
Development of approach to Numbe
4111302 146.88
side roads r
Bus-bay construction Numbe
4111302 30 744.86
(...mix...mix...m) ...t = ...m r
a) Reconstruction of culvert
4111305 meter 80 2,300.00
(...t, ...m)
b) Culvert New construction 10,062.0
meter 471
(at new location) 11, 33m 0
a) PC Girder Bridge (6, 20,000.0
41113031 meter 800
300.616m) 0
Drain construction (given
4111307 in iBAS Code may be for
WDB)
Drain construction (may be
4111302
given for RHD)
a) RCC saucer drain meter 1000 130.77
b) RCC box/ covered drain meter 4590 620.71
Protective work (types and
4111302
...m)
Square
a) Concrete Slope Protection 27700 514.93
meter
b) RCC Retaining Wall meter 4970 2,962.12
c) Palisading meter 42248 5,273.36
Numbe
4111302 Ferry construction
r
20. Signs, signals, km posts,
4111302
road markings, etc
a) Traffic sign, Sign post, Km Numbe
369.20
Post and Road marking r
Numbe
4111302 Tree removal and uprooting 36.00
r
4111302 tree planting Km 108.66
Numbe
4911111 Utility sifting 370.71
r
95,689.7
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
2
95,731.2
Total (A+B):
2
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 957.31
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 957.31

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

97,645.8
Total = (A+B+C+D)
4

6.6.1 Z-7613
Table 6-25: Cost Breakdown for Z-7613

Total
Economi Quantit Rat
Item no. & Description Unit (in Lac
c Code y e
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Supply and Services
3255102 Printing and Binding L.S 1.00
3255104 Stationery L.S 1.00
3211125 Publication and Tendering L.S 1.00
Honorium (For PIC, PSC,
3111332 L.S 0.50
TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 2.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257301 L.S 5.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 10.50
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of assets
Accumulation of
resources
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 12.41 4737.5
Construction and
completion
4111302 General and site facilities L.S. 21.62
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic
4111302 embankment widening, 1.42982 523.31
Meter
new construction)
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and 7.30m
Bituminous Surface with 1.80m
Elevation of existing 1870.46
Km 10.10
pavement 0
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with widening Km 9.525 734.67
3.70 m + widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main Lane
to Bituminous Surface
Rigid Pavement
4111302 meter 500 229.17
Construction
Development of approach
4111302 Number 0.125 28.31
to side roads
Bus-bay construction
4111302 Number 8.00 70.15
(...mix...mix...m) ...t = ...m

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a) Reconstruction of
4111305 meter 40.00 1500.00
culvert (...20, ..2m)
1000.00
a) RCC saucer drain meter 130.77
0
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
2500.00
a) Palisading meter 211.85
0
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302
posts, road markings, etc
b) Sign post and Road
Number 110.85
marking
Tree removal and
4111302 Number 20.00
uprooting
4111302 tree planting Km 10.00
4911111 Utility sifting Number 100.00
10298.6
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
6
10309.1
Total (A+B):
6
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 103.9
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 103.9
10515.3
Total = (A+B+C+D)
4

6.6.2 Z-7610
Table 6-26: Cost Breakdown for Z-7610

Total
Econom Quanti Rat
Item no. & Description Unit (in Lac
ic Code ty e
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Supply and Services
3255102 Printing and Binding L.S 1.00
3255104 Stationery L.S 0.50
3211125 Publication and Tendering L.S 1.00
Honorium (For PIC, PSC,
3111332 L.S 0.50
TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 2.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257101 L.S 5.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 10.00
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of assets

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Accumulation of resources
311.11
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 35.430
2
Construction and
completion
4111302 General and site facilities L.S. 35.52
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic 4844.1
4111302 embankment widening, new 8.41
Meter 6
construction)
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and 7.30m
Bituminous Surface with 1.80m
Reinforcement of existing
Km 2.940 300.66
pavement -
Main road widening (3.70m to
Km 2.940 208.48
5.50m = 1.8m = 2x0.90m)
2886.3
Road New Construction Km 26.725
3
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
2015.1
(Main lane with widening 3.70 Km 26.725
8
m + widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main Lane to
Bituminous Surface
Development of approach
4111302 Number 17 21.1
to side roads
Bus-bay construction
4111302 Number 8.00 60.89
(...mix...mix...m) ...t = ...m
Culvert New construction (at 7062.0
meter 321.00
new location) 53, 321m 0
Drain construction (may be
4111302
given for RHD)
a) RCC box/ covered drain meter 550.00 74.38
Protective work (types and
4111302
...m)
a) Concrete Slope Protection Square 22900.
228.08
and Geo textile meter 00
1170.0
c) RCC Retaining Wall meter 697.32
00
27494. 3501.0
d) Palisading meter
00 9
20. Signs, signals, km posts,
4111302
road markings, etc
a) Traffic sign and Road
Number 132.84
marking
4111302 Tree removal and uprooting Number 5.00
4111302 tree planting Km 75.17
4911111 Utility sifting Number 145.71
22605.
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
02

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22615.
Total (A+B):
02
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 226.15
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 226.15
23067.
Total = (A+B+C+D)
32

6.6.3 Z-7552
Table 6-27: Cost Breakdown for Z-7552

Total
Economi Quantit Rat
Item no. & Description Unit (in Lac
c Code y e
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Revenue
Supply and Services
3255102 Printing and Binding L.S 1.00
3255104 Stationery L.S 1.00
3211125 Publication and Tendering L.S 1.00
Honorium (For PIC, PSC,
3111332 L.S 0.50
TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 2.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257301 L.S 5.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 10,50
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of assets
Accumulation of
resources
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 7.01 8321.72
Construction and
completion
4111302 General and site facilities L.S. 10.73
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic
4111302 embankment widening, 0.9721 559.96
Meter
new construction)
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and 7.30m
Bituminous Surface with 1.80m
Elevation of existing
Km 6.750 1435.31
pavement – 5.50 m
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
(Main lane with widening Km 6.750 526.64
3.70 m + widening 1.8 m)

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Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main Lane

to Bituminous Surface
Rigid Pavement
4111302 meter 1720 1061.80
Construction
Development of approach
4111302 Number 0.125 31.82
to side roads
Bus-bay construction
4111302 Number 8.00 60.18
(...mix...mix...m) ...t = ...m
a) Reconstruction of
4111305 meter 40.00 800.00
culvert (20, 2.0mX3m)
Drain construction (may
4111302
be given for RHD)
a) RCC Box/ Covered
meter 3440.00 465.19
drain
Protective work (types
4111302
and ...m)
a) Palisading meter 2000.00 254.68
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302
posts, road markings, etc
a) Traffic sign and Road
Number 95.58
marking
Tree removal and
4111302 Number 10.00
uprooting
4111302 tree planting Km 4.70
4911111 Utility sifting Number 80.00
13718.3
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
1
13728.8
Total (A+B):
1
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 137.29
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 137.29
14003.3
Total = (A+B+C+D)
9

6.6.4 Z-7618
Table 6-28: Cost Breakdown for Z-7618

Total (in
Econom Quantit Rat
Item no. & Description Unit Lac
ic Code y e
BDT.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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A Revenue
Supply and Services
3255102 Printing and Binding L.S 1.00
3255104 Stationery L.S 1.00
Publication and
3211125 L.S 1.00
Tendering
Honorium (For PIC,
3111332 L.S 0.50
PSC, TEC & TOC)
3221105 Laboratory Testing L.S 2.00
Ceremonies/Festivals
3257301 L.S 5.00
(Inauguration)
Sub-Total (A): 10,50
B Capital
Acquisition and purchase of
assets
Accumulation of
resources
4141101 Acquisition of land Hectre 34.644 13723.22
Construction and
completion
4111302 General and site facilities L.S. 49.98
Earthworks (road
Lac Cubic
4111302 embankment widening, 3.43393 1977.94
Meter
new construction)
4111302 11. Flexible Pavement:
Upgrading the existing 3.05m and 3.70m
wide roads to 5.50m Main Lane and
7.30m Bituminous Surface with 1.80m
Elevation of existing
Km 14.6000 3321.72
pavement – 5.50 m
"Surfacing (5.50 m)
1130.222
(Main lane with widening Km 14.600
5
3.70 m + widening 1.8 m)
Upgradation of existing 7.30m Main Lane
to Bituminous Surface
Rigid Pavement
4111302 meter 2030.00 1212.11
Construction
Development of
4111302 Number 2.8 65.65
approach to side roads
Bus-bay construction
4111302 (...mix...mix...m) ...t = Number 6.00 553.64
...m
c) Culvert New
construction (at new meter 150.00 3000.00
location)
4111303 a) PC Girder Bridge (6,
meter 800.00 20000.00
1 300.616m)
Drain construction (may
4111302
be given for RHD)
a) RCC Box/Covered
meter 600.00 81.14
drain

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Protective work (types

4111302
and ...m)
a) Concrete Slope
Square meter 4800.00 286.85
Protection
c) RCC Retaining Wall meter 3800.00 2264.80
10254.0
d) Palisading meter 1305.74
0
20. Signs, signals, km
4111302
posts, road markings, etc
a) Traffic sign and Road
Number 29.93
marking
Tree removal and
4111302 Number 1.00
uprooting
4111302 tree planting Km 4.00 18.79
4911111 Utility sifting Number 45.00
49067.72
Sub-total (Capital) (b):
86
49078.22
Total (A+B):
86
(c) Physical Contingency
Physical Contingency (1.00%) 490.78
(d) Price Contingency
Price Contingency (1.00%) 490.78
Total = (A+B+C+D) 50059.79

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Section 7: Human Resources and Administrative

Support Analysis (During Implementation and Post
Implementation of the project)

7.1 Introduction

The Roads and Highways Department (RHD) was founded in 1962 under the former road
Division of MORTB. The department is responsible for the construction and maintenance
of the major road network of Bangladesh. It is officially defined as follows: "The Roads and
Highways Department has a sustainable capacity to plan, manage and deliver its full range
of responsibilities regarding the main road and bridge network and to be accountable for
these duties". The Assets of RHD have been conservatively estimated at BDT 460 billion,
of which the most significant proportion by far is the value of the 21,590 km of road and
the 16,985 bridges. These assets are probably the greatest of any organization in
Bangladesh, and maintaining their value is vital to the country’s economy.

A Sound institutional arrangement is essential to the successful completion of a project.

RHD is responsible for implementing the project’s interventions and suggested road
improvements. Additionally, RHD is responsible for monitoring and assuring the quality of
interventions and road construction work and ensuring that the Environmental and
Contingency Plans are fully implemented.

RHD is accountable for completing road, rebuilding, and maintenance projects on time
and in an environmentally friendly manner, the project will require a variety of managers
and expert laborers in this regard. The Department of Roadways and Highways (RHD) is
currently developing and maintaining several significant bridges, culverts, and national,
regional, and district roads.

In the field level, the Roads and Highways Department (RHD) are ten distinct zones, each
tasked with specific geographical areas and responsibilities. Among these zones, the
Khulna Zone is a significant entity, overseeing the infrastructure and road networks within
its jurisdiction. Notably, the Khulna Zone administers the Khulna Circle, a substantial
administrative unit encompassing the districts of Khulna, Bagerhat, and Satkhira. Khulna
Circle Roads and Highways Department, as the Circle Office of the Department of Roads
and Highways, is responsible for the development and maintenance of significant bridges
and culverts, as well as national, regional, and district roads that are located in Khulna,
Bagerhat and Satkhira district administrative unit.

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Furthermore, the Khulna Circle RHD has rollers, trucks, and office vehicles to maintain the
roads under them. The contractor will be chosen in such a way that they will supply the
necessary equipment to complete the work efficiently. In this context, the Khulna Circle
RHD can execute the work given the available resources and equipment.

7.2 Organization Chart of RHD

Figure 7-1: Organization Chart of RHD

7.3 Labor Standards

Hire, use, or benefit from child labor: Child labor (as defined by ILO Conventions 138
and 182) means that no workers under the age of 14 may be hired as general laborers,
and workers under the age of 17 are to be hired for hazardous jobs such work on
scaffolding, no structures elevated above the ground, etc.

Bonded labor: All forms of bonded and forced labor, as ILO Conventions 29 and 105, will
not be permitted. Forced labor, including prison or debt bondage labor, lending of money
(debt slavery), or withholding remuneration or identity papers by employers or outside
recruiters, will not be permitted on any work sites.

Equal treatment and equal opportunity: RHD expects contractors to hire workers based
on skill and ability to work. There must be equal treatment and opportunity (ILO
Conventions 100 and 111, and ILO Code of Practice for HIV/AIDS 85) for all seeking

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employment. No discrimination based on race, caste, origin, religion, disability, gender,

sexual orientation, union or political affiliation, age, no sexual harassment.

Minimum wage: RHD expects the contractor to pay all laborers and employees according
to minimum wage standards defined in the Bangladesh Labor Act.

To that end, the contractor will be required to provide each person hired with a written
contract stating the above and confirming that these conditions are being upheld and
including the names and contact information of people to contact within the contractor's
organization, RHD, and with the Engineer, that any person wishing to file a complaint or a
concern can reach without fear of retribution. RHD will instruct the Engineer to undertake
a monthly random check of these documents, report this to RHD, and take immediate, on-
the-spot action if non-compliance is identified.

7.4 Social Conflict

Impacts: The presence of a large workforce, the establishment of construction camps,

Project-related traffic, and construction activities may cause conflicts with the nearby
communities, privacy issues for the women, and other similar problems.

Mitigation

• Orientation and training will be provided to the contractors, supervisors, and

workers on health, safety, and environment, including sexual diseases control (as
of BOQ),
• Liaison with the communities will be maintained throughout the construction phase.
• A grievance redress mechanism has been established at the project site.
• The contractor will respond to monitor the laborers closely.

7.5 Impacts on Conflict of Labor Influx

Conflicts may occur between residents who feel that they have received unfair wages.
External workers from outside the project area will be deployed during construction. Then
conflict may also arise between residents and external workers because of changes to
local customs if external workers cannot understand local businesses.

Mitigation

Several consultations have been conducted with residents about local conflicts of interest.

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Local people should be employed for the construction works to the maximum extent
possible. Any workers from other countries should be taught to respect local customs to
facilitate good relationships with locals.

The lodgings of the project workers should be equipped with sufficient living facilities to
keep workers at the project as much as possible.

7.6 Contingency Planning for Any Uneven Situation

There are so many unwanted happenings that may occur during construction periods.
Proper contingency planning is required to overcome any undesirable situation. Otherwise,
that will hamper the progress of work. As preparedness works, adequate contingency
planning is essential for smooth progress.

Mitigation

• All the emergency telephone numbers of all the departments like Police stations,
fire service & civil defense, truck & bus stands, hospitals, clinics, etc. have to be
saved.
• Emergency on-call physician,
• Standby transport facilities to deal with any accidental case,
• Arrangement of Safe havens (within the road construction area), preferably
nearby schools, may be used as an emergency shelter during any disaster like
Cyclone.
• Storage of the material should not create an obstacle to the movement of
vehicles and pedestrians.

7.7 Occupational Health and Safety

Impacts: The proposed road-related construction work exposes workers to physical

hazards that may result in minor, disabling, catastrophic, or fatal injuries. Accidents will
inevitably happen but are more likely if safety procedures and practices are not in place.
The sediment test result shows that lead & Chromium concentration exceeds the allowable
limit. So, during construction work, it may cause health hazards to laborers. Secondly,
inadequate precautions when handling construction materials such as bagged cement
could lead to serious health problems among workers. Cement dust is excellent and highly
corrosive to lung tissue and can permanently damage if breathed in. Since much of the
transfer of cement to the batch plant is still done by manual labor pouring the 50kg bags
into hoppers, the risk of workers not wearing protective gear is high. Exposure to loud

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noise can cause temporary or permanent hearing impairment. Hand-arm vibration,

electrical, welding/works, and working close to moving vehicles expose workers to injuries.

Mitigation

The Contractor must have an effective Worker Health and Safety Plan supported by
trained first aid personnel and emergency response facilities. Construction contracts will
include standard Worker Health and Safety measures, and contractors must implement
these fully. Contractors are required to implement precautions to protect the health and
safety of workers. At EIA, the "Work Safety in Common Operation and Construction" will
be provided to be enforced by the Contractor.

Some mitigation measures are also given below

• A specific condition of the contract for maintaining health, safety, and

environmental conditions, should strictly be followed during construction and
installation,
• Proper scaffolding should be made available during the installation and setting of
steel frames and sheets during bridge or culvert construction,
• Material safety data sheet (MSDS) will be followed during the handling and
installation of steel of bridges or culverts,
• PPE should be ensured during work within a river or other water bodies
• PPE wearing should be ensured during framing, installation, setting, and fitting of
steel frames and sheets of bridges or culverts construction,
• HSE training will be provided to the workers and supervisors of construction sites
• First aid boxes will be made available at each construction site.
• Emergency phone numbers (hospitals, Fire services, Police stations, etc.) will be
displayed at key locations in construction areas,
• Firefighting equipment will be made available at the facilities.
• Liaison with the community will be maintained.
• Traffic movement along project roads should be synchronized with that for road
construction works, and the contractor shall maintain the traffic movement that will
be used in carrying materials.
• Ensure proper PPE (helmet, gloves, safety shoes, etc.) of all workers during pile,
boring, and casting work.

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7.8 Arrangement of Stockpile

Impacts: Proper stockpiling is essential during the construction period. Improper

stockpiling may hamper the construction works.

Mitigation:

• Large stockpiles will have to provide near the construction area with properly
fenced to minimize the spreading of dust from air blowing. The large volume of
construction materials should be in a large stockpile.
• A separate batch plant should be maintained for concrete mixing as the nearest
place to the construction area if required.
• A small stockpile in the construction area will be used for essential items.
• Separate boundary (temporary) will have to be maintained for the stockpile with
and outside of construction pollution from fuel and lubricants.

Impacts: Proper placing of fuel and lubricants is essential to prevent damage to the
surrounding environment, and measures are to be taken before starting the work.

Mitigation:

• Raised platform (brick soling with neat cement finishing) shall be constructed
before starting working.
• The place should be well protected and prepared before starting work. The place
should be in a safe site of the construction area.

7.9 Work Camps

Impacts: Many people will work on the project, and 70-75% will reside in construction
camps. The absence of a proper labor camp will create problems during construction.

Mitigation:

• The labor camp will be near the place construction area.

• The labor shed shall have facilities like mosquito nets, cooking arrangements,
water supply, waste bins, lighting, etc.
• Temporary drains for the kitchen wastewater and rainwater are to be provided and
maintained around the campsite,

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• Potable water supply for drinking and other purposes,

• A separate sanitary latrine has to provide in both construction and labor camp
areas for male/female workers.
• The camp should be with standard living conditions and arrangements. Labor
camps are not to be overcrowded.

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Section 8: Institutional and Legal Analysis

The due diligence process should ensure that the project is procured following current
legal requirements, both in domestic and international terms, and that critical aspects of
the project have been analyzed from a legal perspective. In order to assess the legal
feasibility of the project, legal due diligence should include at least three important steps,
as described below.

The first task is an analysis of the applicable legal framework, including identifying and
analyzing pertinent laws and regulations that may affect the project. The legal and
regulatory aspects that need to be reviewed are listed below.

- The enabling PPP legislation, especially looking for particular requirements imposed
on projects, such as minimum capital value and maximum contractual duration;
- The public procurement law may be partially applicable, especially in search of general
contractual and procurement guidelines;
- Legislation referring to foreign investment, property, and labor issues;
- Legislation related to land use planning and environmental laws;
- Sector-specific legislation, for example, corrections legislation, may regulate whether
the private sector can operate a prison PPP;
- Legal aspects of dispute resolution and intellectual property, among others;
- Legislation relating to the granting of ownership/control of public assets or
responsibility for the delivery of public services to third parties; and
- Legal treatment of revenue sources associated with the concession.

The second task is the assessment of the legal readiness of the procuring authority.
Although this particular issue may have already been checked, it is important to review at
this stage whether the promoting authority and other institutions involved have the legal
authority to launch the project or proceed with the approval as needed. In some countries,
the legal empowerment issues also apply to the formal responsibility for the appraisal
exercises. Some countries require official feasibility exercises to be conducted. In this
case, there can be requirements about which governmental bodies should be included
and how. Therefore, the legal due diligence must conclude which authorities should be
involved and to what extent in each case.

The third task is an in-depth legal analysis of the main project issues. Large infrastructure
projects often have particularities with significant legal implications. It is thus very important
during the appraisal to assess the adherence of several aspects of the project to the
general legal framework. Particular attention should be given to the legal feasibility of:

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- The financial aspects of the project;

- Issues considered relevant to commercial viability,
- including the bankability of the project;
- The use of land and existing assets;
- Potential alternative ownership claims on the land (common in countries with complex
or undocumented systems of property ownership);
- Rights of other users (for example, a state oil company that owns pipes buried under
the land, a road route crossing under electricity transmission wires, and so on);
- Employment issues; and
- The financial model considers tax and accounting issues (Table 8-1).

Table 8-1: Example of Legal Issues

Category Example of Legal Issues

Financial aspects - Legal feasibility of the selected type of public support or

guarantees where needed.
- Approval process for public support and authorities
involved.
- Legal restrictions and limitations for charging private
sector end-users if applicable.
- Legal ability to develop collateral businesses
(advertising, retail, leisure, and so on).

Commercial - Possibility of granting step-in rights to lenders.

feasibility - Possibility of taking security over assets, current and
future income streams, bank accounts, shares, and
insurance policies under the current law.
- Possibility of being named on insurance policies as
lender and beneficiary.

Land and property - Type of rights that can be assigned to the private
assets issues sector.
- The country-specific issues surrounding land
availability (which can take the form of right of
way or clearance for transportation projects and/or site
ownership for facilities).
- Rules regarding ownership of assets.

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- Responsibility for relocating people living in the right of

way.

Foreign investment - Restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) and

and currency currency exchange controls.
exchange - Limitations on repatriation of dividends and capital
invested.
- Limitations on foreign staff.
- (Conversely) benefits for foreign investors.

Employment issues - Consequences for public sector employees if existing

assets are to be taken over by the private sector.

Taxation and - Regime is applicable to the project.

accountancy - Regime applicable to imports (when significant
equipment is included in project Capex).
- Provision of tax exemptions and potential specific tax
benefits for FDI.
- Other questions to be considered in the financial
model.

Environmental - Does the law require specific environmental clearances

issues for the particular site or project type, or are there
exemptions that apply to the site/project?

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Section 9: Risk (Uncertainty) and Sensitivity Analysis

The flow of costs and benefits throughout the project life is uncertain. Given that
uncertainty, Consideration must be given to the expenses that risks imply. This module
aims to simulate various scenarios and generate guidance on reducing risk exposure
through relevant contractual clauses.

9.1 Significant Risks That May Affect the Project:

- limited Resources
- cost of project
- cutting down roadside trees will hamper the ecology and environment
- political will and stakeholder support
- uncertainties involved (travel time delay or accident may occur during the construction
phase)

9.2 Categorized The Risk Event

Table 9-1: Risk events and their categories

Risk Types Categories

Design errors and omissions
The design process takes longer than anticipated.
Stakeholders request late changes.
Design risks
Failure to carry out the works following the contract
New stakeholders emerge and request changes.
Public objections
External risks
Tax change
Laws and local standards change
Environmental analysis incomplete
Environmental risks New alternatives are required to avoid, mitigate or minimize
environmental impact.
Inexperienced workforce and staff turnover
Organizational risks Delayed deliveries
Lack of protection on a construction site
Failure to comply with contractual quality requirements
Project management
Scheduling errors, contractor delays
risks
Project team conflicts
Expired temporary construction permits
Right of way risks
Contradictions in the construction documents
Construction cost overruns
Construction risks
Technology changes

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9.3 Possible Mitigation Measures Needed:

Risk management is one of the nine knowledge areas the Project Management Institute
propagated. Furthermore, in the construction project management context, risk
management is a comprehensive and systematic way of identifying, analyzing, and
responding to risks to achieve the project objectives. The benefits of the risk management
process include identifying and analyzing risks, improving construction project
management processes, and effectively using resources. In the construction project
management, risk management is a comprehensive and systematic way of identifying,
analyzing, and responding to risks to achieve project objectives. To manage the risk
effectively and efficiently, the contractor must understand risk responsibilities, event
conditions, preference, and management capabilities.

Risk management is probably the most challenging aspect of project management. A

project manager must recognize and identify the root causes of risks and trace these
causes through the project to their consequences. Furthermore, in the construction project
management context, risk management is a comprehensive and systematic way of
identifying, analyzing, and responding to risks to achieve the project objectives. The use
of risk management from the early stages of a project, where significant decisions such as
choosing alignment and selecting construction methods, can be influenced. The benefits
of the risk management process include identifying and analyzing risks, improving
construction project management processes, and effectively using resources.

The construction industry is heterogeneous and enormously complex. Several significant

construction classifications differ markedly: housing, non-residential building, heavy,
highway, utility, and industrial. Construction projects include new construction, renovation,
and demolition for residential and non-residential projects and public works projects, such
as streets, roads, highways, utility plants, bridges, tunnels, and overpasses. The success
parameters for any project are in-time completion, within a specific budget, and requisite
performance (technical requirement). The main barriers to their achievement are the
change in the project environment. The problem multiplies with the project size as
uncertainties in project outcome increase with size. Large construction projects are
exposed to an uncertain environment because of such factors as planning, design and
construction complexity, the presence of various interest groups (owner, consultants,
contractors, suppliers, etc.), resources (manpower, materials, equipment, and funds),
availability, environmental factors, the economic and political environment, and statutory
regulations.

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Construction projects can be unpredictable. Managing risks in construction projects have

been recognized as a critical process to project objectives in terms of time, cost, quality,
and safety. Project risk management is an iterative process: the process is beneficial when
implemented systematically throughout a construction project's lifecycle, from the planning
stage to completion. For example, project risk management includes:

• Risk management planning;

• Risk identification;
• Qualitative risk analysis;
• Quantitative risk analysis;
• Risk response planning;
• Risk monitoring and control.

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Section 10: Alternative/Options Analysis

An alternative analysis evaluates the various routes you can pursue to achieve the goal of
a project or a particular project management objective. It looks beyond the status quo to
compare different ways of getting work done. An analysis of alternatives (AOA) will help
the project, portfolio, and program managers identify, understand, and evaluate the other
options they open when managing a project. It will also help them select the best course
of action concerning project costs and risks.

By looking at alternatives, decision-makers have more data to make an informed choice.

Identifying, defining, and understanding a problem is the best way to solve it and is
essential to any worthwhile analysis.

When decision-makers have many alternatives, they have more power to control the
outcome. But the data must be good. Avoiding prejudices, such as paying more attention
to information that is easy to access, is also essential.

Alternative/Options Analysis includes:

• Make a Plan
• Organize the Analytic Framework
• Identify and Define Alternatives
• Assess the Alternatives
• Compare the Alternatives
• Report the Results

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Section 11: Recommendation and Conclusion

11.1 Feedback, Suggestions, and Recommendations of the

Participants

Participants were encouraged to share their observations, suggestions, and experiences

on various environmental and safety issues and suitable mitigation and enhancement
measures in each consultation. The participants' feedback, guidance, and
recommendations from FGD can be cited:

• A Project brief has been provided to the participant with the objective and purpose of
the project.
• Different stakeholders, including local public representatives, attended the discussion
meeting.
• Participants expressed their positive attitude toward the project and enquired when the
project implementation would start. They informed them that after the feasibility, the
government would imitate the necessary measures for implementing the project.
• The consultations were also conducted with local intellectuals (like Mayor, School
teachers, Mosque imams, Local elites, Journalists, Sarak Paribahan Malik Samity
etc.). They were afraid for the safety and security of local people during construction.
They are thinking about the accidental problem during construction. But consulting with
the social and environmental study team ensured proper safety measures would be
taken during the project's construction.
• Stakeholders also expressed concern regarding the timing of the compensation,
fearing that the money would not arrive at the proper time and would take time, but we
assure them that we are working hard to offer the compensation where it is needed as
quickly as feasible.
• The participants desire that due to the acquisition of their land, they should
compensate adequately so affected people can economically rehabilitate themselves.
Land costs should be considered, and business-like tree plantation and fish cultivation
costs should be regarded as compensation activities.
• According to the participant's opinion, the land value will vary due to location and
request us to collect that mouza-wise; we ensure that we are doing that.
• Valuation of the property should be carefully calculated reasonably; we ensure that the
valuation of the property has been included in our questionnaires.
• Request them for cooperation during a household survey, and they ensure that.

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11.2 Recommendation

11.2.1 Recommendation for Khulna Region

➢ Re-construction of the road for Z-7043 should be provided at the given chainage:

Chainage KM
From To
02+500 03+500 1.00
03+600 04+300 0.70
04+500 06+975 2.475
07+285 09+100 1.815

➢ Pavement Strengthening of the road for Z-7043 should be provided at the given
chainage:

Chainage
KM
From To
00+375 02+390 2.015
09+825 10+075 0.250
10+200 14+275 4.075
14+500 16+925 2.425
20+300 22+000 1.700
22+150 23+175 1.025
23+350 27+200 3.850
27+400 28+475 1.075

➢ Pavement Raising of the road for Z-7043 should be provided at the given
chainage:

Chainage
KM
From To
02+500 03+500 1.00
03+600 04+300 0.70
04+500 06+975 2.475
07+285 09+100 1.815

➢ Pavement Widening of the road for Z-7043 should be provided at the given
chainage:

Chainage
KM
From To
00+375 02+390 2.015

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09+825 10+075 0.25

10+200 14+275 4.075
14+500 16+925 2.425
20+300 22+000 1.7
22+150 23+175 1.025
23+350 27+200 3.85

➢ Rigid Pavement of the road for Z-7043 should be provided at the given chainage:

Chainage
KM
From To
00+000 00+375 0.375
02+390 02+500 0.110
03+500 03+600 0.100
04+300 04+500 0.200
06+975 07+285 0.310
09+100 09+825 0.725
10+075 10+200 0.125
14+275 14+500 0.225
16+925 17+500 0.575
18+100 18+300 0.200
20+125 20+300 0.175
22+000 22+150 0.150
23+175 23+350 0.175
27+200 27+400 0.200
28+475 28+780 0.305

➢ Possible demolishment is needed for Z-7040 at the given chainage:

Chainage Structure Type Name

2+100 Madrasha Dighalia Darul-Ulum
Madrasha and Etim-
khana
2+300 Madrasha Rahmania Arabia
Dighalia Madrasha
3+300 Primary School Uttor Dighalia Govt
Primary School
3+400 Mosque
4+000 Mosque Al-Falah Mosque
4+500 Union Parishad Barakpur Union
Parishad
4+700 Bank Bangladesh Krishi Bank
4+900 Eid-Gah
5+600 Pucca Structure

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11.2.2 Recommendation for Satkhira Region

➢ RCC U-Drain should be constructed at the given chainage:

Road Location Nos / Site Length

From Ch: To Ch: (meters)
Z-7552 11+382 11+732 2 2*350= 700
15+082 15+642 2 2*591= 1120
19+082 19+536 2 2*454= 908
19+569 19+925 2 2*356= 712
Z-7610 00+000 0+300 2 2*300= 600
Z-7618 14+245 14+385 2 2*150= 300
14+830 14+980 2 2*150= 300

➢ Bus-bay should be constructed at the given chainage:

Road Location Length Width Area Direction

From To Ch: Name (meters) (meters) (sq.
Ch: meters)
Z-7610 1+130 1+330 Amtola More 200 3.60 150 Kaliganj to
Bus Stand Shyamnagar
Z-7618 14+100 14+300 Naktara Bus 400 4.60 1840 Assasuni to
Stand Shyamnagar
(Both Side)
17+800 18+000 Hizlia Bus 400 4.60 1840 Assasuni to
Stand Shyamnagar
(Both Side)
18+700 18+900 Ghola Char 400 4.60 1840 Assasuni to
Bus Stand Shyamnagar
(Both Side)
22+200 22+400 Kashiyani 400 4.60 1840 Assasuni to
Union Shyamnagar
Parishad (Both Side)
and
Joynagar
Trimohona
More
26+250 26+450 Shankarkati 400 4.60 1840 Assasuni to
Bazar Shyamnagar
(Both Side)
31+000 31+200 Shyamnagar 400 4.60 1840 Assasuni to
Bazar Shyamnagar
(Both Side)

➢ Road re-construction should be provided at the given chainage:

Location
Road Length (meters)
From Ch: To Ch:
11+732 15+082 3.350
Z-7552
15+642 19+082 3.440
Z-7618 13+500 31+280 17.780

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➢ Construction of pavement should be provided at the given chainage:

Road Chainage Length (Kilometer)

11+382 11+732 0.350
15+082 15+642 0.560
Z-7552
19+082 19+536 0.454
19+569 19+925 0.356
14+000 14+400 0.400
14+700 15+000 0.300
21+750 21+950 0.200
Z-7618 23+000 23+200 0.200
24+900 25+200 0.300
26+600 26+800 0.200
30+850 31+280 0.430

11.2.3 Recommendation for Bagerhat Region

➢ RCC U-Drain should be constructed at the given chainage:

Road Location Nos / Site Length

From Ch: To Ch: (meters)
Z-7801 0+000 0+300 2 2*300= 600
05+000 05+200 2 2*200= 400
11+235 11+485 2 250*2= 500
`Z-7718 11+200 11+400 2 2*200= 400
18+400 18+700 2 2*300= 600
32+500 32+800 2 2*300= 600
Z-7701 16+000 26+500 1 500
Z-7045 12+220 13+720 1 1500
Z-7714 00+000 00+100 2 2*100= 200

➢ Bus-bay should be constructed at the given chainage:

Road Location Length Width Area Direction

From To Ch: Name (meters) (meters) (sq.
Ch: meters)
Z-7801 00+300 00+350 50 3 150 Chitormari
to Faltial
(Right)
00+300 00+350 50 3 150 Chitormari
to Faltial
(Left)
05+200 05+250 50 3 150 Chitormari
to Faltial
(Right)
05+200 05+250 50 3 150 Chitormari
to Faltial
(Left)
11+485 11+535 50 3 150 Chitormari
to Faltial
(Right)

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11+485 11+535 50 3 150 Chitormari

to Faltial
(Left)
Z-7718 12+170 12+220 Chunkhola 50 3 150 Terokhada
Bazar to
Mollahat
(Right)
12+170 12+220 Chunkhola 50 3 150 Terokhada
Bazar to
Mollahat
(Left)
19+937 19+987 Mollahat 50 3 150 Terokhada
Bazar to
Mollahat
(Right)
19+937 19+987 Mollahat 50 3 150 Terokhada
Bazar to
Mollahat
(Left)

➢ Road re-construction should be provided at the given chainage:

Road Chainage Length (Meter) Remarks

Z-8409 0+000 0+950 950.00 Flexible Pavement
0+950 1+350 400.00 Rigid Pavement
1+350 12+250 10900.00 Flexible Pavement
12+250 12+450 200.00 Rigid Pavement
12+450 15+300 2850.00 Flexible Pavement
15+300 15+450 150.00 Rigid Pavement
15+450 23+000 7550.00 Flexible Pavement
Z-7718 10+310 14+700 4390.00 Flexible Pavement
15+200 24+200 9000.00 HBB Road
24+200 33+200 9000.00 Flexible Pavement
Z-7704 28+863 36+833 7970.00 Flexible Pavement
Z-7045 11+720 12+220 500.00 Flexible Pavement
Z-7714 0+100 2+220 2120.00
Z-7716 8+150 10+740 2590.00

➢ Construction of pavement should be provided at the given chainage:

Road Chainage Length (Meter) Remarks

Z-8409 0+000 0+950 950.00 Flexible Pavement
0+950 12+250 10900.00
12+250 15+300 2850.00
15+300 17+000 1550.00
17+000 23+000 6000.00
0+950 1+350 400.00 Rigid Pavement
12+250 12+450 200.00
15+300 15+450 150.00
Z-7801 5+200 11+235 6035.00 Flexible Pavement
11+485 22+855 11370.00
0+000 0+300 300.00

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5+000 5+200 200.00 Rigid Pavement

11+235 11+485 250.00
Z-7718 11+200 11+400 200.00 Rigid Pavement
18+400 18+700 300.00
32+500 32+800 300.00
Z-7704 28+863 36+833 7970.00 Flexible Pavement
Z-7045 11+720 12+220 500.00 Flexible Pavement
13+720 19+987 6267.00
12+220 13+720 1500.00 Rigid Pavement

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11.3 Conclusion

The following conclusions are being made after the comprehensive study with a detailed
investigation. RHD, Bagerhat has taken a plan for the construction of Improvement and
Widening of Kochua to Depara Road Bagerhat to meet up the increasing demand of traffic
and hence safe and comfortable traffic movement.

The EIA has been carried out to assess all the predicted environmental impacts. The
assessment includes impacts on physical settings, impacts on air quality, impacts on water
resources, impacts on land and agricultural resources, impacts on fisheries, impacts on
ecosystem resources, and impacts on socio-economic environment.

Negative impacts during the pre-construction and construction phases include air and
noise pollution, disruption to water resources, disturbance to fisheries habitat, removal of
existing mangroves along the rivers and disturbance to society due to an increase of noise
level. On the contrary, construction works will create employment opportunities and better
livelihoods for local people.

The project's potential benefits will compensate for the negative impact if the prescribed
EMP is implemented. The proposed project will create enormous potential for the region's
economic and social development. It will offer many job opportunities during its lifetime,
starting from its construction, where the local people will get priority. The project's negative
impact on Physical, Water resources, Agriculture, Land and Soil, Fisheries, Ecology and
Socio-economic environment was found minor and can be mitigated/compensated by
adopting different environmental and pollution abatement measures. Therefore, it can be
concluded that the proposed project is socially viable and environmentally feasible.

11.3.1 Technical Considerations

The technical consideration has been integrated according to the RHD standards and
recommendations. The design followed the RHD geometric design guidelines, and no
obstruction was made to the natural flow of the Khal. It is found that improving the
Important 17 Zilla Road of Khulna Circle and other related works is entirely technically
feasible.

11.3.2 Road Safety Considerations

Improvements in safety for road users are expected to be significant, and the attendant
reduction in road accident costs is expected to be high. Safety improvements will be mainly
brought about by straightening the severe bends, upgrading to appropriate standards and
widths, and simplifying.

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11.3.3 Environmental Considerations

There will be adverse short-term environmental effects during the construction of the
works, but the impacts of these will be mitigated by measures contained within the
conditions of the contract for the works. Physical measures will be built into the works to
help mitigate long-term environmental effects, such as embankment erosion, both for the
road and at river Bridges and Culverts inlets/outlets. There will be long-term negative
impacts due to the upgraded road and the additional traffic expected to use the road.
These are associated mainly with increases in traffic noise and air pollution as traffic
volumes grow and will be challenging to avoid. Despite the aforementioned environmental
impacts, there is little of particular major long-term significance or concern, and certainly
nothing severe sufficiently to prevent the upgrading of the zonal roadway from taking
place.

11.3.4 Social Considerations

The potential social benefits, such as significant improvements in travel time and the
associated cost savings, improved connectivity to medical, educational and other
institutions and better access to employment opportunities, are all positive social impacts
expected as a result of the proposed Road upgrading works, not to mention the improved
connectivity among the Dhaka and Khulna district and the subsequent economic benefits
which this can be expected to generate. The potential economic benefits to the people
who live in the project road area and to the people of Bangladesh generally could be
significant in the longer term; from the above, it can be deduced that the positive effects
will far outweigh the negative impacts over time.

11.3.5 Economic and Financial Considerations

The road section is economically and financially feasible. The total cost of the project is
estimated at 81,393.56 (Lac) BDT, the economic and financial analysis (Chapter 6)
indicate that the Project is economically and financially viable, as it secures a rate of return
that exceeds 12% l.e., the opportunity cost of capital, presently used by all sectors of the
economy in Bangladesh.

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Section 12: Annexes

12.1 Topographical Survey Design for Khulna Region

12.1.1 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7040

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GEO SMART PLANNING 238

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 239

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 242

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 243

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 244

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 245

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 246

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 247

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 248

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 249

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 250

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 251

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 252

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 256

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 257

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 258

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 259

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 260

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 261

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 262

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 263

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 264

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 265

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 266

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.1.2 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7045

GEO SMART PLANNING 267

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 268

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 269

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 270

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 272

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 275

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 276

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 277

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 278

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.2 Topographical Survey Design for Bagerhat Region

12.2.1 Topographic Survey Design of Z-8409

GEO SMART PLANNING 279

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GEO SMART PLANNING 280

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 281

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 287

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 288

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 290

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

GEO SMART PLANNING 291

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.2.2 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7801

Section-1

Section-2

GEO SMART PLANNING 292

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-3

Section-4

GEO SMART PLANNING 293

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-5

Section-6

GEO SMART PLANNING 294

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-7

Section-8

GEO SMART PLANNING 295

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-9

Section-10

GEO SMART PLANNING 296

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-11

Section-12

GEO SMART PLANNING 297

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-13

Section-14

GEO SMART PLANNING 298

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-15

Section-16

GEO SMART PLANNING 299

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-17

Section-18

GEO SMART PLANNING 300

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-19

Section-20

GEO SMART PLANNING 301

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-21

Section-22

GEO SMART PLANNING 302

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-23

Section-24

GEO SMART PLANNING 303

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-25

Section-26

GEO SMART PLANNING 304

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-27

Section-28

GEO SMART PLANNING 305

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-29

Section-30

GEO SMART PLANNING 306

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-31

Section-32

GEO SMART PLANNING 307

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-33

Section-34

GEO SMART PLANNING 308

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-35

Section-36

GEO SMART PLANNING 309

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-37

Section-38

GEO SMART PLANNING 310

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-39

Section-40

GEO SMART PLANNING 311

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-41

Section-42

GEO SMART PLANNING 312

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-43

Section-44

GEO SMART PLANNING 313

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-45

GEO SMART PLANNING 314

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.2.3 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7704

Section-1

Section-2

GEO SMART PLANNING 315

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-3

Section-4

GEO SMART PLANNING 316

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-5

Section-6

GEO SMART PLANNING 317

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-7

Section-8

GEO SMART PLANNING 318

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-9

Section-10

GEO SMART PLANNING 319

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-11

Section-12

GEO SMART PLANNING 320

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-13

Section-14

GEO SMART PLANNING 321

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-15

Section-16

GEO SMART PLANNING 322

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.2.4 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7701

Section-1

Section-2

GEO SMART PLANNING 323

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-3

Section-4

GEO SMART PLANNING 324

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-5

Section-6

GEO SMART PLANNING 325

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-7

Section-8

GEO SMART PLANNING 326

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-9

Section-10

GEO SMART PLANNING 327

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-11

Section-12

GEO SMART PLANNING 328

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.2.5 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7045

Section-1

Section-2

GEO SMART PLANNING 329

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-3

Section-4

GEO SMART PLANNING 330

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-5

Section-6

GEO SMART PLANNING 331

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-7

Section-8

GEO SMART PLANNING 332

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-9

Section-10

GEO SMART PLANNING 333

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.2.7 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7714

Section-1

Section-2

GEO SMART PLANNING 334

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-3

Section-4

GEO SMART PLANNING 335

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-5

Section-6

GEO SMART PLANNING 336

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-7

Section-8

GEO SMART PLANNING 337

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-9

Section-10

GEO SMART PLANNING 338

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-11

Section-12

GEO SMART PLANNING 339

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-13

Section-14

GEO SMART PLANNING 340

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-15

Section-16

GEO SMART PLANNING 341

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-17

Section-18

GEO SMART PLANNING 342

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-19

Section-20

GEO SMART PLANNING 343

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-21

GEO SMART PLANNING 344

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.2.8 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7716

Section-1

Section-2

GEO SMART PLANNING 345

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-3

Section-4

GEO SMART PLANNING 346

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-5

Section-6

GEO SMART PLANNING 347

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-7

Section-8

GEO SMART PLANNING 348

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-9

Section-10

GEO SMART PLANNING 349

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-11

Section-12

GEO SMART PLANNING 350

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-13

Section-14

GEO SMART PLANNING 351

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-15

Section-16

GEO SMART PLANNING 352

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-17

Section-18

GEO SMART PLANNING 353

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-19

Section-20

GEO SMART PLANNING 354

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-21

GEO SMART PLANNING 355

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.3 Topographical Survey Design for Satkhira Region

12.3.1 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7618

Section-1

Section-2

GEO SMART PLANNING 356

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-3

Section-4

GEO SMART PLANNING 357

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-5

Section-6

GEO SMART PLANNING 358

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-7

Section-8

GEO SMART PLANNING 359

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-9

Section-10

GEO SMART PLANNING 360

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-11

Section-12

GEO SMART PLANNING 361

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-13

Section-14

GEO SMART PLANNING 362

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-15

Section-16

GEO SMART PLANNING 363

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-17

Section-18

GEO SMART PLANNING 364

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-19

Section-20

GEO SMART PLANNING 365

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-21

Section-22

GEO SMART PLANNING 366

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-23

Section-24

GEO SMART PLANNING 367

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-25

Section-26

GEO SMART PLANNING 368

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-27

Section-28

GEO SMART PLANNING 369

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-29

Section-30

GEO SMART PLANNING 370

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-31

Section-32

GEO SMART PLANNING 371

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-33

Section-34

GEO SMART PLANNING 372

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-35

GEO SMART PLANNING 373

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.3.2 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7552

Section-1

Section-2

GEO SMART PLANNING 374

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-3

Section-4

GEO SMART PLANNING 375

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-5

Section-6

GEO SMART PLANNING 376

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-7

Section-8

GEO SMART PLANNING 377

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-9

Section-10

GEO SMART PLANNING 378

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-11

Section-12

GEO SMART PLANNING 379

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-13

Section-14

GEO SMART PLANNING 380

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-15

Section-16

GEO SMART PLANNING 381

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-17

GEO SMART PLANNING 382

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

12.3.3 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7610

Section-1

Section-2

GEO SMART PLANNING 383

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-3

Section-4

GEO SMART PLANNING 384

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-5

Section-6

GEO SMART PLANNING 385

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-7

Section-8

GEO SMART PLANNING 386

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-9

Section-10

GEO SMART PLANNING 387

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-11

Section-12

GEO SMART PLANNING 388

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-13

Section-14

GEO SMART PLANNING 389

 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Section-15

Section-16

GEO SMART PLANNING 390

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Section-17

Section-18

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Section-19

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Section-21

Section-22

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Section-23

Section-24

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Section-25

Section-26

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Section-27

Section-28

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Section-31

Section-32

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12.3.4 Topographic Survey Design of Z-7613

Section-1

Section-2

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Section-3

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Section-5

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Section-7

Section-8

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Section-9

Section-10

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Section-11

Section-12

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Section-13

Section-14

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Section-15

Section-16

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Section-17

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Section-19

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Section-21

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12.4 Surface Inventory

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12.5 Shoulder Inventory

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12.6 Bridge Inventory

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12.7 Low Lands Inventory

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12.8 Ponds Inventory

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