CAF 301 REVIEWER (CCAR) (b) The Authority will return to the airman the documents

Civil Air Regulations PART 1 specified in paragraph (a) of this subsection.

General Policies, Procedures, and Definitions
PERSONNEL LICENSING 1.2.1.3 CHANGE OF ADDRESS
1.2 GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE RULES GOVERNING
(a) The holder of an airman license or certificate, or approved
TESTING, LICENSES, AND CERTIFICATES
training organization certificate who has made a change in
permanent mailing address may not, after 30 days from that
date, exercise the privileges of the license or certificate unless
1.2.1.1 DISPLAY AND INSPECTION OF LICENSES AND the holder has notified the Authority in writing of the new
CERTIFICATES permanent mailing address, or current residential address if the
permanent mailing address includes a post office box number.
(a) Pilot license:
1.2.1.4 REPLACEMENT OF A LOST OR DESTROYED AIRMAN
(1) To act as a pilot of a civil aircraft of Republic of the LICENSE OR MEDICAL CERTIFICATE OR KNOWLEDGE TEST
Philippines registry, a pilot shall have in his or her physical REPORT
possession or readily accessible in the aircraft a valid pilot
license or special purpose authorization issued under these (a) An applicant who has lost or destroyed one of the following
regulations. documents issued under these regulations shall request a
replacement in writing from the office designated by the
(2) To act as a pilot of a civil aircraft of foreign registry Authority:
within Republic of the Philippines, a pilot shall be the holder of
a valid pilot license, and have the pilot license in his or her (1) An airman license.
physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft.
(2) A medical certificate.
(b) Flight instructor license: A person who holds a flight
instructor license shall have that license, or other documentation
(3) A knowledge test report.
acceptable to the Authority, in that person's physical possession
or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the
privileges of that license. (b) The airman or applicant shall state in the request letter:

(c) Other airman license: A person required by any part of (1) The name of the airman or applicant;
these regulations to have an airman's license shall have it in their
physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft or at the (2) The permanent mailing address, or if the
work site when exercising the privileges of that license. permanent mailing address includes a post office box
number, the person's current residential address;
(d) Medical certificate: A person required by any part of these
regulations to have a current medical certificate shall have it in (3) The social security number or equivalent national
their physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft or identification number;
at the work site when exercising the privileges of that certificate.
(4) The date and place of birth of the airman or
(e) Approved Training Organization (ATO) certificate: Each applicant; and
holder of a certificate shall display that certificate in a place in
the school that is normally accessible to the public and that is not (5) Any available information regarding the
obscured.
(i) Grade, number, and date of issuance of the
(f) Aircraft Certificate of Registration: Each owner or operator license, and the ratings, if applicable;
of an aircraft shall carry the aircraft certificate of registration
on the aircraft and available for inspection.
(ii) Date of the medical examination, if
applicable; and
(g) Aircraft Airworthiness Certificate: Each owner or operator
of an aircraft shall display that certificate in the cabin of the
aircraft or at the entrance to the aircraft flight deck. (iii) Date the knowledge test was taken, if
applicable.
(h) Approved Maintenance Organization (AMO) Certificate:
Each holder of an AMO certificate shall prominently display that (c) After receiving a facsimile from the Authority confirming that
certificate in a place accessible to the public in the principal the lost or destroyed document was issued, an airman may carry
business office of the AMO. the facsimile in lieu of the lost or destroyed document for up to
60 days pending the airman's receipt of a duplicate document.
(i) Aerial work certificate: Reserved.
1.2.1.5 FALSIFICATION, REPRODUCTION, OR ALTERATION
OF APPLICATIONS, LICENSES, CERTIFICATES, LOGBOOKS,
(j) Air operator certificate: Reserved. REPORTS, OR RECORDS

(k) Inspection of license: Each person who holds an airman or (a) No person may make or cause to be made concerning any
crew member license, medical certificate, or authorization license, certificate, rating, qualification, or authorization,
required by these regulations shall present it for inspection upon application for or duplicate thereof, issued under these
a request from: the Authority; or any national or local law regulations:
enforcement officer.
(1) Any fraudulent or intentionally false statement;
1.2.1.2 CHANGE OF NAME
(2) Any fraudulent or intentionally false entry in any
(a) A holder of a license or certificate issued under these logbook, record, or report that these regulations
regulations may apply to change the name on a license or require, or used to show compliance with any
certificate. The holder shall include with any such request; requirement of these regulations,

(1) The current license or certificate: and (3) Any reproduction for fraudulent purpose; or any
alteration.
(2) A copy of the marriage license, court order, or other
document verifying the name change.
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(b) Any person who commits any act prohibited under 1.2.1.8 CIVIL PENALTIES
paragraph (a) of this section may have his or her airman license,
rating, certificate, qualification, or authorization revoked or (a) any person, other than a person conducting an operation in
suspended. commercial air transport or international commercial air
transport, who violates any provision of the Civil Aviation Act,
1.2.1.6 ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION these Aviation Safety Regulations; or any order issued there
under, is subject to a civil penalty imposed by the Authority in
(a) If it is determined that a violation or an alleged violation of accordance with Section 81 of the Civil Aviation Act.
the Civil Aviation Act, or an order or regulation issued under it;
is appropriate for administrative action, the Authority may be (b) any person conducting an operation in commercial air
taken by one of the following actions: transport or international commercial air transport, who violates
any provision of the Civil Aviation Act, these Aviation Safety
(1) A "Warning Notice" that shall recite available facts Regulations, or any order issued under, is subject to a civil
and information about the incident or condition and penalty imposed by the Authority in accordance with Section 81
indicate that it may have been a violation; or of the Civil Aviation Act.

(2) A "Letter of Correction" which confirms the (c) civil penalties may be assessed instead of or in addition to
Authority's decision in the matter and states the any license or certificate action described in 1.2.1.7.
necessary corrective action the alleged violator has
taken or agreed to take. If the agreed corrective action (d) guidelines for civil penalties and certificate actions are listed
is not fully completed, formal certificate action may be in: Section 81 of the Civil Aviation Act. Note: IS
taken in accordance with 1.2.1.7. 1.2.1.8 (d) contains a sample of a sanction guidance table which
can be modified to conform to the penalty provisions in the Civil
(b) An administrative action under this section does not constitute Aviation Act and to reflect the Authority’s enforcement policy.
a formal adjudication of the matter.

1.2.1.9 CRIMINAL PENALTIES

1.2.1.7 CERTIFICATE ACTION
The Civil Aviation Authority Act (Republic Act No. 9497) of 2008
1.2.1.7.1 SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION OF A LICENSE OR established criminal penalties for any person who knowingly and
CERTIFICATE FOR VIOLATION OF THE REGULATIONS. willfully violates specified provisions of the Act, or any
regulation or order issued thereunder.
(a) The holder of any license or certificate issued under these
regulations who violates any provision of the Civil Aviation Act,
as amended, or any regulation or order issued thereunder, is
subject to suspension or revocation of the license or certificate, 1.2.1.10 SURRENDER, SUSPENSION, OR REVOCATION OF
in accordance with the provisions of Section 35 (i) and Section LICENSE OR CERTIFICATE
71 (a) and (b) of the Civil Aviation Act.
(a) any license or certificate issued under these regulations
(b) Any license or certificate issued under these regulations ceases to be effective if it is surrendered, suspended, or
ceases to be effective, if it is surrendered, suspended, or revoked.
revoked.
(b) the holder of any license or certificate issued under these
(c) The holder of any license or certificate issued under these regulations that has been suspended or revoked shall return that
regulations that has been suspended or revoked shall return that license or certificate to the Authority when requested to do so
license to the Authority when requested to do so by the Authority. by the Authority.

1.2.1.7.2 RE-EXAMINATION OR RE-INSPECTION OF A

CERTIFICATE OR LICENSE FOR LACK OF QUALIFICATION.
1.2.1.11 REAPPLICATION AFTER REVOCATION
(a) Under Section 71 the Authority may re-inspect any civil
aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, air operator, (a) unless otherwise authorized by the Authority, a person whose
school, or approved maintenance organization, or any civil license, certificate, rating or authorization has been revoked
airman holding a certificate or license issued under Section 35 may apply for any license, certificate, rating, or authorization
of the Act. for 1 year after the date of revocation.

(b) If, as a result of that re-inspection or re-examination, or any

other investigation made by the Authority, the Authority
determines that a lack of qualification exists, and that safety in
air transport and the public interest requires it, the Authority may 1.2.1.12 REAPPLICATION AFTER SUSPENSION
issue an order to amend, modify, suspend, or revoke the license
or certificate in whole or in part. (a) unless otherwise authorized by the Authority, a person whose
license has been suspended may not apply for any license,
(c) procedures for the re-examination of personnel licenses, rating, or authorization during the period of suspension.
ratings, authorizations or certificates are set forth in Part 2 of
these Regulations.

1.2.1.7.3 NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO BE HEARD 1.2.1.13 VOLUNTARY SURRENDER OR EXCHANGE OF

LICENSE
(a) unless safety in air transportation requires immediate action,
prior to a final destination under this section 1.2.1.7, the (a) the holder of a license or certificate issued under these
Authority shall provide the person with an opportunity to be regulations may voluntarily surrendered for:
heard as to why such certificate or license should not be
amended, modified, suspended, or revoked, in accordance with (1) cancellation;
Part 71 (c) of the Civil Aviation Act.
(2) issuance of a lower grade license; or

(3) another license with specific ratings deleted.

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(b) if the license is surrendered for a voluntary suspension, the transportation, or importation of narcotic drugs, marijuana, or
holder may not be required to take any theoretical examination depressant or stimulant drugs or substances may:
when the said holder desires to renew his license but must comply
with the other requirements of this Part. (1) be denied any license, certificate, rating,
qualification, or authorization issued under these
(c) an applicant requesting voluntary surrender of a license shall regulations for a period of up to 1 year after the date
include the following signed statement or its equivalent: “This of the refusal; or
request is made for my own reasons, with full knowledge that
my (insert name of license, rating, as appropriate) may not be (2) have his or her license, certificate, rating,
reissued to me unless I complete the requirements prescribed for qualification, or authorization issued under these
its issuance.” regulations suspended or revoked.

1.2.1.14 PROHIBITION ON PERFORMANCE DURING 2.3 PILOT LICENCES, CATEGORIES, RATINGS, AND
MEDICAL DEFICIENCY AUTHORIZATIONS

(a) a person who holds a current medical certificate issued under 2.3.1.5 LIMITATION OF PRIVILEGES OF PILOTS WHO HAVE
these regulations shall not act in a capacity for which that ATTENDED THEIR 60TH BIRTHDAY
medical certificate is required while that person:
(a) no person who holds a pilot license under this Part shall serve
(1) knows or has reasons to know of any medical as pilot-in-command on a Philippine-registered civil aircraft
condition that would make the person unable to meet engaged in international commercial air transport (defined in
the requirements for the required medical certificate; Part 2.1.2) in a single pilot operation if that person reached 60th
or year of age.

(2) is taking medication or receiving other treatment for (b) no person who holds a pilot license issued under this Part shall
a medical condition that results in the person being serve as a pilot-in-command in a multi-crew operation if that
unable to meet the requirements for the required person reached 60th year of age unless the other pilot is
medical certificate. younger than 60 years of age.

2.3.1.5.1 CURTAILMENT OF PRIVILEGES OF PILOTS WHO

HAVE ATTAINED THEIR 65 TH AND 67TH BIRTHDAY
1.2.1.15 PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE TESTING AND
REPORTING (a) No person who holds a pilot license under this Part shall
serve as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot on a Philippine-
(a) any person who performs any function requiring a license, registered civil aircraft engaged in international commercial air
rating, qualification, or authorization prescribed by these transport if that person has reached 65th years of age.
regulations directly or by contract for a certificate holder under
the provisions of these regulations may be tested for usage of
psychoactive substances. (b) No person who holds a pilot license under this Part shall
serve as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot on a Philippine-
registered civil aircraft engaged in domestic commercial air
(b) chemicals considered psychoactive substances are listed in IS
1.2.1.15 (a). transport if that person has reached 67th years of age.

(c) any person subject to these regulations who refuses to submit (c) No person under this Part shall be granted any flexibility in
a test to indicate the percentage by weight of alcohol in the meeting the medical qualifications under any circumstances or
blood, when requested by a law enforcement officer or the medical conditions if that person has reached 65th years of age.
Authority, or refuses to furnish or to authorize the release of the
test results requested by the Authority may: (d) Any person beyond 67 years of age who holds a pilot
license and a valid medical certificate under this Part may be
(1) be denied any license, certificate, rating, allowed to fly as a pilot-in-command or co-pilot provided the
qualification, or authorization issued under these flight is not in pursuance of commercial air transport
regulations for a period of up to 1 year after the date operations, singly or collectively, and a mandatory CAAP
of the refusal; or medical examination every six (6) months is complied with.

(2) have his or her license, certificate, rating, (e) For purposes of paragraph (a) (d) above and of other
qualification, or authorization issued under these applicable PCAR provisions, all aircraft operations involving the
regulations suspended or revoked. transport of passengers, cargo or mail are presumed commercial
air transport operations except in the following instances:
(d) any person subject to these regulations who refuses to a test
to indicate the presence of narcotic drugs; marijuana, or (1) Training or demonstration flights of Approved
depressant or stimulant drugs or substances in the body, when Training Organizations;
requested by a law enforcement officer or the Authority, or
refuses to furnish or to authorize the release of the test results (2) Corporate flights for the purpose of transporting
requested by the Authority may: the company’s executives, employees and/or clients;

(1) be denied any license, certificate, rating, (3) The cargo on board is owned by the aircraft
qualification, or authorization issued under these owner/operator.
regulations for a period of up to 1 year after the date
of the refusal; or
(f) Any person who claims that his/her flight is covered by the
above exceptions shall present sufficient proof, documentary
(2) have his or her license, certificate, rating, and/or testimonial, to prove the same when so required by the
qualification, or authorization issued under these Authority.
regulations suspended or revoked.

(e) any person subject to these regulation who is convicted for

the violation of any local or national statute relating to the
growing; processing, manufacture, sale, disposition, possession, 2.3.1.6 RECENT EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS

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(a) A pilot shall not operate an aircraft carrying passengers as 2.3.3.2 PRIVATE PILOT LICENSE – AIRPLANE
pilot-in-command or co-pilot to operate at the flight controls of
a type or a variant of a type of aircraft during take-off and (a) Age. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall be not less than 17
landing unless that pilot has operated the flight controls during years of age.
at least three take- offs and landings within the preceding 90
days on the same type of aircraft or in the flight simulator
approved for the purpose. (b) Knowledge. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall:

(b) The holder of a license that does not include an instrument (1) Receive and log ground training from an authorized
rating shall not act as PIC of an aircraft carrying passengers instructor on the following subjects:
at night unless he or she has carried out at least three take-offs
and three landings at night during the previous 90 days. (i) Air law: rules and regulations relevant to the holder
of a PPL(A); rules of the air; appropriate air traffic
(c) A pilot shall not act in the capacity of a cruise relief pilot in services practices and procedures
a type or variant of a type of aircraft unless, within the
preceding 90 days that pilot has either: (ii) Aircraft general knowledge:

(1) Operated as a PIC, CP or cruise relief pilot on the (A) Principles of operation of airplane
same type of aircraft; or powerplants, systems and instruments;

(2) Carried out flying skill refresher training including (B) Operating limitations of airplanes and
normal, abnormal and emergency procedures specific powerplants: relevant operational
to cruise flight on the same type of aircraft or in a flight information from the flight manual or other
simulator approved for the purpose, and has practiced appropriate document;
approach and landing procedures, where the
approach and landing procedure practice may be (iii) Flight performance and planning:
performed as the pilot who is not flying the aircraft.
(A) effects of loading and weight
(d) Each person shall document and record the experience distribution on flight characteristics; weight
required, to show the recent flight experience. and balance calculations;

(B) use and practical application of take-off,

landing and other performance data;
2.3.3 PILOT LICENCES, INSTRUMENT, AND INSTRUCTOR
RATINGS (C) pre-flight and en-route flight planning
appropriate to private operations under VFR;
preparation and filing of air traffic services
flight plans; appropriate air traffic services
2.3.3.1 STUDENT PILOTS procedures; position reporting procedures;
altimeter setting procedures; operations in
areas of high-density traffic;
(a) The applicant for a student pilot Authorization shall be not
less than 16 years of age.
(iv) Human performance: human performance relevant
to the PPL(A)
(b) The applicant can read, speak and understand English
(v) Meteorology: application of elementary
(c) The applicant must hold a current class 2 Medical Certificate aeronautical meteorology; use of, and procedures for
obtaining, meteorological information; altimetry
(d) Pre-solo flight instruction. Prior to conducting a solo flight, a
student pilot shall have: (vi) Navigation: practical aspects of air navigation and
dead-reckoning techniques; use of aeronautical charts:
(1) received and logged flight training for the
maneuvers and procedures as listed in IS 2.3.3.1. (vii) Operational procedures:

(2) demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety, (A) use of aeronautical documentation such as
as judged by an authorized instructor, on the AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and
maneuvers and procedures as listed in IS 2.3.3.1. abbreviations;

(e) Solo flight requirement (B) appropriate precautionary and

emergency procedures, including action to
(1) Holding at least a Class 2 Medical Certificate be taken to avoid hazardous weather, wake
turbulence and the operating hazards;
(2) An Authorized student pilot had received and
logged ground training from an authorized instructor (viii) Principles of flight: principles of flight relating to
on the following subject: airplanes;

(i) Applicable sections of Part 2 and Part 8;

(ii) Airspace rules and procedures for the (ix) Radiotelephony:

airport where the student will perform solo
flight; and (A) radiotelephony procedures and
phraseology as applied to VFR operations;
(iii) Flight characteristics and operation for action to be taken in case of communication
the make and model of aircraft to be flown. failure;

(3) Must be authorized by a Flight Instructor. (B) as listed in IS 2.3.3.2 Appendix A;

(2) have received an endorsement for the knowledge test

from an authorized instructor who:
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 (i) conducted the training on the knowledge subjects; (3) If the privileges of the PPL(A) are to be exercised at night,
the applicant shall have received 4 hours dual instruction in
(ii) certifies that the person is prepared for the airplanes in night flying, including take-offs, landings and 1
required knowledge test; and hour of navigation and that information shall be endorsed on
the license.
(3) pass the required knowledge test on the knowledge
areas listed in IS 2.3.3.2 Appendix A. Note 1: Training can be performed by an individually authorized
flight instructor, by an authorized flight instructor in a flying
club, or in an Aviation Training Organization.
(c) Experience
(e) Skill. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall:
1) The applicant for a PPL(A) shall have completed not less
than 40 hours of flight time as pilot of airplanes, a total of
5 hours may have been completed in a flight simulator or (1) have received an endorsement from an authorized
flight procedures trainer. instructor who certifies that the person is prepared for the
required skill test; and
(2) The applicant shall have completed in airplanes not
less than 10 hours of solo flight time under the supervision (2) have demonstrated by passing a skill test the ability to
of an authorized flight instructor, including 5hours of solo perform as pilot in-command of an airplane, the areas of
cross-country flight time with at least one cross-country operation described in IS 2.3.3.2 Appendix B, with a degree
flight totaling not less than 270 km (150 nm) in the course of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the
of which full-stop landings at two difference aerodromes holder of a PPL(A), and to
shall be made.
(i) operate the airplane within its limitations;
(3) The holder of pilot licenses in other categories may be
credited with 10 hours of the total flight time as pilot-in- (ii) complete all maneuvers with smoothness and
command towards a PPL(A). accuracy;

(d) Flight Instruction. (iii) exercise good judgment and airmanship;

(1) The applicant for a PPL(A) shall receive and log not less (iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and
than 20 hours of dual instruction from an authorized
instructor on the subjects listed in IS 2.3.3.2 Appendix B. (v) maintain control of the airplane at all times in a
These 20 hours may include 5 hours completed in a flight manner such that the successful outcome of a procedure
simulator or flight procedures trainer. The 20 hours of dual or maneuver is never seriously in doubt.
instruction shall include at least 5 hours of solo cross-country
flight time with at least one cross-country flight totaling not
less than 270 km (150 NM) in the course of which full-stop (f) Medical fitness. The applicant for a PPL (A) shall hold a current
landings at two different aerodromes shall be made. Class 2 Medical Certificate.

(2) The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has (g) Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements
operational experience in at least the following areas to specified in this Part, the privileges of the holder of a PPL (A)
the level of performance required for the private pilot: shall be to act, but not for remuneration, as pilot in-command or
co-pilot of any airplane engaged in non-revenue flights.
(i) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance
determination, airplane inspection and servicing; (h) Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements
specified in this Part, the validity period of the license is 5 years.
For renewal of the license see 2.2.3.
(ii) aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision
avoidance precautions and procedures;

(iii) control of the airplane by external visual

reference; 2.3.3.3 COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENSE – AIRPLANE

(iv) flight at critically slow airspeeds; recognition of, (a) Age. The applicant for a CPL (A) shall be not less than 18
and recovery from, incipient and full stalls; years of age.

(v) flight at critically high airspeeds; recognition of, and (b) Knowledge. The applicant for a CPL (A) shall:
recovery from, spiral dives,
(1) receive and log ground training from an authorized
(vi) normal and cross-wind take-offs and landings; instructor on the following subjects:

(vii) maximum performance (short field and obstacle (i) Air law: rules and regulations relevant to the holder
clearance take-offs, short field landings; of a CPL (A); rules of the air; appropriate air traffic
services practices and procedures
(viii) flight by reference solely to instruments, including
the completion of a level 180 degrees turn: (ii) Aircraft general knowledge:

(ix) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead (A) principles of operation and functioning of
reckoning and, where available, radio navigation aids; airplane powerplants, systems and instruments:

(x) emergency operations, including simulated (B) operating limitations of appropriate airplanes
airplane equipment malfunctions; and and powerplants; relevant operational
information from the flight manual or other
appropriate document;
(xi) operations to, from and transmitting controlled
aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services
procedures, radiotelephony procedures and (C) use and serviceability checks of equipment
phraseology as further specified in IS 2.3.3.2 and systems of appropriate airplanes;
Appendix B.
(D) maintenance procedures for airframes,
systems and powerplants of appropriate airplanes;
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 (iii) Flight performance and planning: (ii) certifies that the person is prepared for the required
knowledge test: and
(A) effects of loading and mass distribution on
airplane handling, flight characteristics and (3) Pass the required knowledge test on the knowledge
performance; mass and balance calculations; subjects listed in IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix B.

(B) use and practical application of take-off, (c) Experience.

landing and other performance data;
(1) The applicant for a CPL(A) shall have completed not
(C) pre-flight and en-route flight planning less than 200 hours of flight time, or 150 hours if completed
appropriate to operations under VFR; during an Authority-approved training course provided for
preparation and filing of air traffic services flight in an Approved Training Organization under Part 3, as a
plans; appropriate air traffic services pilot of airplanes, of which 10 hours may have been
procedures; completed in a flight simulator or flight procedures trainer.

(iv) Human performance: human performance relevant (2) The applicant shall have completed in airplanes not
to the CPL (A); less than:

(v) Meteorology: (i) 100 hours as pilot-in-command or, in the case of a

course of approved training, 70 hours as pilot-in-
(A) interpretation and application of command;
aeronautical meteorological reports. charts and
forecasts; use of, and procedures for obtaining, (ii) 20 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot-in-
meteorological information, pre-flight and in- command including a cross country flight totaling
flight; altimetry; not less than 540 km (300 NM) in the course of which
full- stop landings at two different aerodromes shall be
(B) aeronautical meteorology; climatology of made:
relevant areas in respect of the elements having
an effect upon aviation; the moment of pressure (iii) 10 hours of instrument instruction time of which not
systems. the structure of fronts; and the origin more than 5 hours may be instrument ground time;
and characteristics of significant weather
phenomena which affect take-off, en-route and (iv) if the privileges of the license are to be exercised
landing conditions; hazardous weather at night, 5 hours of night flight time including 5 take-
avoidance; offs and 5 landings as pilot-in-command.

(vi) Navigation: air navigation. including the use of (3) The holder of a pilot license in another category may
aeronautical charts, instruments and navigation aids; be credited towards the 200 hours of flight time as follows:
understanding of the principles and characteristics of
appropriate navigation systems; operation of air
borne equipment (i) 10 hours as PIC in a category other than helicopters;
or
(vii) Operation procedures:
(ii) 30 hours as pilot-in-command holding a PPL(H) on
helicopters; or
(A) use of aeronautical documentation such as
AIR; NOTAM, aeronautical codes and
abbreviations: (iii) 100 hours as pilot-in-command holding a CPL(H) on
helicopters.
(B) appropriate precautionary and
(4) The applicant for a CPL(A) shall hold a PPL(A) issued
emergency procedures;
under this Part.
(C) operational procedures for carriage of
freight; potential hazards associated with (d) Flight Instruction.
dangerous goods;
(1) The applicant for a CPL(A) shall receive and log not
(D) requirements and practices for safety less than 25 hours of dual instruction from an authorized
briefing to passengers, including precautions instructor. These 25 hours may include 5 hours completed
to be observed when embarking and in a flight simulator or flight procedures trainer.
disembarking from airplanes;
(2) The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has
(viii) Principles of flight: principles of flight relating to operational experience in at least the following areas to
airplanes, and upset prevention and recovery elements the level of performance required for the commercial
from IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix C; pilot:

(ix) Radiotelephony: (i) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance

determination, airplane inspection and servicing;
aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision
(A) radiotelephony procedures and avoidance precautions and procedures;
phraseology as applied to VFR operations;
action to be taken in case of communication
failure: (ii) control of the airplane by external visual reference;

(B) as further specified in IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix (iii) upset prevention training including flight at
A. critically slow airspeeds, recognition of, and recovery
from, incipient and full stalls, and on-airplane upset
recovery training as specified in IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix
(2) Have received an endorsement for the knowledge test C;
from an authorized instructor who:
(iv) flight at critically high airspeeds; recognition of,
(i) conducted the training on the knowledge subjects: and recovery from, spiral dives;

(v) normal and cross-wind take-offs and landings;

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 (vi) maximum performance (short field and obstacle (h) Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements
clearance take-offs, short field landings; specified in this Part, the validity period of the license is Five (5)
years. For renewal of the license see 2.2.3.
(vii) basic flight maneuvers and recovery from unusual
attitudes by reference solely to basic flight instruments;

(viii) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead 2.3.3.4 AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LICENSE - AIRPLANE
reckoning and radio navigation aids; diversion
procedures (a) Age. The applicant for an ATPL (A) shall be not less than 21
years of age.
(ix) abnormal and emergency procedures and
maneuvers; and (b) Knowledge. The applicant for an ATPL (A) shall:

(x) operations to, from and transmitting controlled (1) receive and log ground training from an authorized
aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services instructor on the following subjects:
procedures, radiotelephony procedures and
phraseology as further specified in IS 2.3.3.3
Appendix B. (i) Air law: rules and regulations relevant to
the holder of an ATPL(A); rules of the air,
appropriate air traffic services practices and
(3) If the privileges of the CPL (A) are to be exercised at procedures
night, the applicant shall have received 4 hours dual
instruction in airplanes in night flying, including take-offs,
landings and 1 hour of navigation. (ii) Aircraft general knowledge:

(4) For airplane instructor ratings, have completed on- (A) general characteristics and limitations of electrical,
airplane recovery training as specified in IS 2.3.3.3 hydraulic, pressurization and other airplane systems;
Appendix C. flight control systems, including autopilot and stability
augmentation;
(5) For Flight Instructor (FI), have completed on-airplane
upset prevention and recovery training as specified in IS (B) principles of operation, handling procedures and
2.3.3.3 Appendix C. operating limitations of airplane powerplants; effects
of atmospheric conditions on engine performance;
relevant operational information from the flight manual
(e) Skill. The applicant for a CPL(A) shall: or other appropriate document,

(1) have received an endorsement from an authorized (C) operating procedures and limitations of
instructor who certifies that the person is prepared for the appropriate airplanes; effects of atmospheric
required skill test; and conditions on airplane performance,

(2) shall have demonstrated by passing a skill test the (D) use and serviceability checks of equipment and
ability to perform as pilot-in command of an airplane, the systems of appropriate airplanes;
areas of operation described in IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix B, with
a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges
granted to the holder of a CPL(A), and to (E) flight instruments; compasses, turning and
acceleration errors; gyroscopic instruments,
operational limits and precession effects; practices and
(i) operate the airplane within its limitations; procedures in the event of malfunctions of various flight
instruments;
(ii) complete all maneuvers with smoothness and
accuracy; (F) maintenance procedures for airframes, systems and
powerplants of appropriate airplanes;
(iii) exercise good judgment and airmanship;
(iii) Flight performance and planning:
(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and
(A) effects of loading and mass distribution on airplane
(v) maintain control of the airplane at all times in a handling, flight characteristics and performance; mass
manner such that the successful outcome of a procedure and balance calculations;
or maneuver is never seriously in doubt.
(B) use and practical application of take-off, landing
(f) Medical fitness. The applicant for a CPL (A) shall hold a and other performance data, including procedures for
current Class 1 Medical Certificate. cruise control;

(g) Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements (C) pre-flight and en-route operational flight planning;
specified in this Part, the privileges of the holder of a CPL(A) preparation and filing of air traffic services flight
shall be: plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures;
altimeter setting procedures
(1) to exercise all the privileges of the holder of a
PPL(A); (iv) Human performance: human performance relevant to
the ATPL(A)
(2) to act as pilot-in-command in any airplane
engaged in operations other than commercial air (v) Meteorology:
transportation;
(A) interpretation and application of aeronautical
(3) to act as pilot-in-command in commercial air meteorological reports, charts and forecasts; codes
transportation in any airplane certificated for single- and abbreviations; use of, and procedures for
pilot operation; and obtaining, meteorological information; pre-flight and
in-flight; altimetry;
(4) to act as co-pilot in commercial air transportation
in airplanes required to be operated with a copilot. (B) aeronautical meteorology; climatology of relevant
areas in respect of the elements having an effect upon
aviation; the moment of pressure systems; the structure
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 of fronts, and the origin and characteristics of (iv) 100 hours of night flight as pilot-in-command or as
significant weather phenomena which affect take-off, co-pilot.
en-route and landing conditions;
(2) Holders of a CPL(H) will be credited with 50% of their
(C) causes, recognition and effects of engine and helicopter flight time as pilot- in-command towards the
airframe icing; frontal zone penetration procedures; flight time required in paragraph (1) above.
hazardous weather avoidance;
(3) The applicant shall have completed a CRM course on
(vi) Navigation: the subjects listed in IS 2.3.2.4 Appendix B.

(A) air navigation, including the use of aeronautical (4) The applicant for an ATPL(A) shall be the holder of a
charts, radio navigation aids and area navigation CPL(A) with instrument and multi-engine rating issued under
systems; specific navigation requirements for long- this Part.
range flights; use, limitation and serviceability of
avionics and instruments necessary for the control and (5) Holders of MPL (A) shall have completed not less than:
navigation of airplanes;
(i) 3,000 hours as a pilot of airplanes if which a
(B) use, accuracy and reliability of navigation systems maximum of 100 hours may have been completed in a
used in departure, enroute, approach and landing flight simulator. The applicant shall have completed in
phases of flight; identification of radio navigation aids; airlines not less than:

(C) principles and characteristics of self-contained and (A) 350 hours of pilot-in-command, or made
external-referenced navigation systems; operation of up of not less than 10 hours as pilot-in-
airborne equipment; command and the necessary additional flight
time as co-pilot performing under supervision
(vii) Operation procedures: of pilot-in-command, the duties and functions
of pilot-in-command.
(A) interpretation and use of aeronautical
documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical Note: After completion of the required skill test,
codes and abbreviations, and instrument procedure the applicant shall be issued ATPL with
charts for departure, en-route, descent and approach; limitations: “For Multi-Crew Operations Only”
and “For Supervised Line Flying Only”.
(B) precautionary and emergency procedures; safety
practices associated with flight under IFR (B) The applicant shall complete of not less
than 150 hours as pilot-in-command during
(C) operational procedures for carriage of freight and Supervised Line Flying.
dangerous goods;
Note: After completion of not less than 150
(D) requirements and practices for safety briefing to hours as pilot-in-command during SFL, the
passengers, including precautions to be observed when applicant shall be issued ATPL with limitation:
embarking and disembarking from airplanes; “For Multi-Crew Operation Only”.

(viii) Principles of flight: principles of flight relating to (d) Flight Instruction. The applicant for an ATPL (A) shall have
airplanes; subsonic aerodynamics; compressibility effects, received the dual flight instruction for the issue of the CPL (A)
maneuver boundary limits, wing design characteristics, and the IR:
effects of supplementary lift and drag devices; relationships
between lift, drag and thrust at various airspeeds and in (e) Skill. The applicant for an ATPL (A) shall:
different flight configuration and upset prevention and
recovery elements from IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix C; (1) have received an endorsement from an authorized
instructor who certifies that the person is prepared for
(ix) Radiotelephony: radiotelephony procedures and the required skill test; and
phraseology; action to be taken in case of communication
failure; as further specified in IS 2.3.3.4 Appendix A (2) have demonstrated by passing a skill test the ability
to perform, as pilot-in-command of a multi-engine
(c) Experience. airplane required to be operated with a co-pilot, the
following procedures and maneuvers:
(1) The applicant for an ATPL (A) shall have completed not
less than 1,500 hours of flight time as a pilot of airplanes (i) pre-flight procedures, including the
of which a maximum of 100 hours may have been preparation of the operational flight plan
completed in a flight simulator. The applicant shall have and filing of the air traffic services flight plan;
completed in airplanes not less than:
(ii) normal flight procedures and maneuvers
(i) 250 hours, either as pilot-in-command, or made up during all phases of flight;
by not less than 100 hours as pilot-in-command and the
necessary additional flight time as co-pilot performing, (iii) procedures and maneuvers for IFR under
under the supervision of the pilot-in-command, the normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions,
duties and functions of a pilot-in-command; provided including simulated engine failure, and
that the method of supervision employed is acceptable covering at least the following:
to the Authority;
(A) Transition to instrument flight on take-
(ii) 200 hours of cross-country flight time, of which not off;
less than 100 hours shall be as pilot-in-command or as (B) Standard instrument departures and
co-pilot performing, under the supervision of the pilot- arrivals;
in-command, the duties and functions of a pilot-in-
command, provided that the method of supervision
(C) En-route IFR procedures and
navigations;
employed is acceptable to the Authority;
(D) Holding procedures;
(E) Instrument approaches to specified
(iii) 75 hours of instrument time, of which not more than minima;
30 hours may be instrument ground time; and (F) Missed approach procedures;
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 (G) Landings from instrument approaches;

(iv) abnormal and emergency procedures and

maneuvers related to failures and
malfunctions of equipment, such as
powerplant, systems, and airframe; and

(v) procedures for crew incapacitation and

crew coordination, including allocation of pilot
tasks, crew cooperation and use of checklists.

(3) have demonstrated by passing skill test the ability

to perform the areas of operation described in IS
2.3.3.4 Appendix B, with a degree of competency
appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of
an ATPL (A), and to:

(i) operate the airplane within its limitations;

(ii) complete all maneuvers with smoothness

and accuracy;

(iii) exercise good judgement and airmanship;

(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and

(v) maintain control of the airplane at all times

in a manner such that successful outcome of a
procedure or maneuver is never in doubt;

(vi) understand and apply crew coordination

and incapacitation procedures; and

(vii) communicate effectively with the other

flight crew members

(f) Medical fitness. The applicant for an ATPL (A) shall hold a
current Class 1 Medical Certificate, except for:

(i) Check Airman Qualifications for Flight

Simulation Training Device as provided for
under 8.10.1.39 (b) (1); and

(ii) Check Airmen who have reached their 65th

birthday or who do not have an appropriate
medical certificate as provided for under
8.10.1.39 (d) and 8.10.1.1 (c).

(g) Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements

specified in this Part, the privileges of the holder of an ATPL (A)
shall be:

(1) to exercise all the privileges of the holder of a PPL

(A) and CPL (A) and of an IR (A); and

(2) to act as pilot-in-command and co-pilot in airplanes

in air transportation.

(3) if authorized under this CAR, holder of an ATPL may

instruct other pilots in air transportation service in
aircraft or approved simulator training device of the
category, class and type for which he is rated. To do
so, he must be familiar with the operating procedures
of the company for which he is providing pilot
instruction. However, he may not instruct for more than
8 hours in one day, and not more than 36 hours in
any 7-day period. He may instruct under this section
only in aircraft with functioning dual controls. Unless he
has a valid flight instructor license, an airline transport
pilot may instruct only as provided in this section.

(h) Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements

specified in this Part, the validity period of the license is 5 years.
For renewal of the license see Subpart 2.2.3.

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