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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

GE3171-PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON

PROGRAMMING LABORATORY
LABORATORY
LAB MANUAL
(Regulation 2021)

Prepared by,

1. NITHIYA.K, AP/CSE

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
􀁸 To understand the problem solving approaches.
􀁸 To learn the basic programming constructs in Python.
􀁸 To practice various computing strategies for Python-based solutions to real world
problems.
􀁸 To use Python data structures – lists, tuples, dictionaries.
􀁸 To do input/output with files in Python.

EXPERIMENTS:

SYLLABUS

GE3171 -PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING LABORATORY

Note: The examples suggested in each experiment are only indicative. The lab instructor is
expected to design other problems on similar lines. The Examination shall not be restricted
to the sample experiments listed here.
1. Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical problems, and developing
flow charts for the same. (Electricity Billing, Retail shop billing, Sin series, weight of a
motorbike, Weight of a steel bar, compute Electrical Current in Three Phase AC Circuit, etc.)
2. Python programming using simple statements and expressions (exchange the values of two
variables, circulate the values of n variables, distance between two points).
3. Scientific problems using Conditionals and Iterative loops. (Number series, Number Patterns,
pyramid pattern)

4. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Lists, Tuples. (Items present in a

library/Components of a car/ Materials required for construction of a building –operations of
list & tuples)
5. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Sets, Dictionaries. (Language,
components of an automobile, Elements of a civil structure, etc.- operations of Sets & Dictionaries)

6. Implementing programs using Functions. (Factorial, largest number in a list, area of shape)
7. Implementing programs using Strings. (reverse, palindrome, character count, replacing
characters)
8. Implementing programs using written modules and Python Standard Libraries (pandas, numpy.
Matplotlib, scipy)
9. Implementing real-time/technical applications using File handling. (copy from one file to another, word
count, longest word)
10. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Exception handling. (divide by zero error,
voter’s age validity, student mark range validation)
11. Exploring Pygame tool.
12. Developing a game activity using Pygame like bouncing ball, car race etc.

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On completion of the course, students will be able to:

CO1: Develop algorithmic solutions to simple computational problems
CO2: Develop and execute simple Python programs.
CO3: Implement programs in Python using conditionals and loops for solving problems.
CO4: Deploy functions to decompose a Python program.
CO5: Process compound data using Python data structures.
CO6: Utilize Python packages in developing software applications.

TEXT BOOKS: GE3171 Syllabus PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

LABORATORY

1. Allen B. Downey, “Think Python : How to Think like a Computer Scientist”, 2nd Edition, O’Reilly
Publishers, 2016.
2. Karl Beecher, “Computational Thinking: A Beginner’s Guide to Problem Solving and
Programming”, 1st Edition, BCS Learning & Development Limited, 2017.

REFERENCES:

1. Paul Deitel and Harvey Deitel, “Python for Programmers”, Pearson Education, 1st Edition, 2021.
2. G Venkatesh and Madhavan Mukund, “Computational Thinking: A Primer for Programmers and
Data Scientists”, 1st Edition, Notion Press, 2021.
3. John V Guttag, “Introduction to Computation and Programming Using Python: With Applications
to Computational Modeling and Understanding Data‘‘, Third Edition, MIT Press, 2021
4. Eric Matthes, “Python Crash Course, A Hands – on Project Based Introduction to Programming”,
2nd Edition, No Starch Press, 2019.
5. https://www.python.org/
6. Martin C. Brown, “Python: The Complete Reference”, 4th Edition, Mc-Graw Hill, 2018.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO.1 Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical problems,
DATE: and developing flow charts for the same
a) Electricity Billing
Aim:
To Develop a flow chart and write the program for Electricity billing

Procedure:
From Unit To Unit Rate (Rs.) Prices

From Unit To Unit Rate (Rs.) Max.Unit

1 100 0 100
101 200 2 200
201 500 3 500-
- 101 -200 3.5 >500
201-500 4.6 >500
>500 606 >500
1b) Reatil Shop billing

Flow-Chart:

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1c) Sin series
Flow Chart:
1d) To compute Electrical Current in Three Phase AC Circuit

Result :

Thus the flowchart of electric bill ,sine series was successfully verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO 2.a
DATE: Python Programming Using Simple Statements And Expressions -
Exchange The Values Of Two Variables)

AIM:
Write a python program to exchange the values of two variables

PROCEDURE:

step 1:Declared a temporary variable a and b

step 2:Assign the value of a and b,

step 3:Assign the value of a to b, and b to a

step 4: we don’t even need to perform arithmetic operations. We can use:

a,b = b,a
step 5:to print the result

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PROGRAM:

a=10
b=20
a,b=b,a
print("The swapping of a value is=",a)
print("The swapping of b value is=",b)

OUTPUT:
The swapping of a value is= 20
The swapping of b value is= 10

RESULT:

Thus the swapping of two numbers python program was executed successfully and verified.
 EXPT.NO.2b Python Programming Using Simple Statements And Expressions - Circulate The
DATE: Values Of N Variables

AIM:
Write a python program to circulate the values of n variables

PROCEDURE:

Step1: Circulate the values of n variables.

Step2: Get the input from the user
Step 3: To create the empty list then declare the conditional statements using for loop
Step 4: Using append operation to add the element in the list and the values are rotate by using this append
operation
Step 5: Stop the program

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 PROGRAM:
n = int(input("Enter number of values : "))

list1 = []

for val in range(0,n,1):

ele = int(input("Enter integer : "))

list1.append(ele)

print("Circulating the elements of list ", list1)

for val in range(0,n,1):

ele = list1.pop(0)

list1.append(ele)

print(list1)

OUTPUT:
Enter number of values : 4
Enter integer : 87
Enter integer : 58
Enter integer : 98
Enter integer : 52
Circulating the elements of list [87, 58, 98, 52]
[58, 98, 52, 87]
[98, 52, 87, 58]
[52, 87, 58, 98]
[87, 58, 98, 52]

RESULT:
Thus the python program to circulate the values of n variables was executed successfully and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

XPT.NO.2.C
Python Programming Using Simple Statements And
DATE: Expressions ( Calculate The Distance Between Two
Points)
AIM:

Write a python program to calculate the distance between two numbers

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start the program.

Step 2: Read all the values of x1,x2,y1,y2.
Step 3: Calculate the result.
Step 4: Print the result.
Step 5: Stop the program

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 PROGRAM
import math
x1=int(input("enter the value of x1="))
x2=int(input("enter the value of x2="))
y1=int(input("enter the value of y1="))
y2=int(input("enter the value of y2="))
dx=x2-x1
dy=y2-y1
d=dx**2+dy**2
result=math.sqrt(d)
print(result)

OUTPUT:
enter the value of x1=34
enter the value of x2=56
enter the value of y1=34
enter the value of y2=54
29.732137494637012

RESULT:
Thus the distance between of two points was successfully executed and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EXPT.NO.3 (a) Scientific problems using Conditionals and Iterative loops.- Number
DATE: series
AIM:
Write a Python program with conditional and iterative statements for Number Series.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Read the value of n.
Step 3: Initialize i = 1,x=0.
Step 4: Repeat the following until i is less than or equal to n.
Step 4.1: x=x*2+1.
Step 4.2: Print x.
Step 4.3: Increment the value of i .
Step 5: Stop the program.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PROGRAM:

n=int(input(" enter the number of terms for the series "))

i=1
x=0
while(i<=n):
x=x*2+1
print(x, sep= "")
i+=1

OUTPUT:
enter the number of terms for the series 5
1
3
7
15
31

RESULT:
Thus the python program to print numbers patterns is executed and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EXPT.NO.3B Scientific Problems Using Conditionals And Iterative Loops. –Number
Patterns
DATE:

AIM:

Write a Python program with conditional and iterative statements for Number Pattern.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Declare the value for rows.
Step 3: Let i and j be an integer number
Step 4: Repeat step 5 to 8 until all value parsed.
Step 5: Set i in outer loop using range function, i = rows+1 and rows will be initialized to i
Step 6: Set j in inner loop using range function and i integer will be initialized to j;
Step 7: Print i until the condition becomes false in inner loop.
Step 8: Print new line until the condition becomes false in outer loop.
Step 9: Stop the program.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PROGRAM
rows = int(input('Enter the number of rows'))
for i in range(rows+1):
for j in range(i):
print(i, end=' ')
print(' ')

OUTPUT:

Enter the number of rows=7

1
22
333
4444
55555
666666

RESULT:

Thus the python program to print numbers patterns is executed and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO.3 c
DATE: Scientific Problems Using Conditionals And Iterative Loops. -Pyramid
AIM:

Write a Python program with conditional and iterative statements for Pyramid Pattern.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Read the value for rows.
Step 3: Let i and j be an integer number.
Step 4: Repeat step 5 to 8 until all value parsed.
Step 5: Set i in outer loop using range function, i = 0 to rows ;
Step 6: Set j in inner loop using range function, j=0 to i+1;
Step 7: Print * until the condition becomes false in inner loop.
Step 8: Print new line until the condition becomes false in outer loop.
Step 9: Stop the program.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Program:

def pypart(n):
for i in range(0, n):
for j in range(0, i+1):
print(“*”,end=” “)
print(“\r”)

O/P:
enter the no. of rows 5
*
**
***
****
*****

RESULT:
Thus the python program to print numbers pyramid patterns is executed and verified.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EXPT.NO.4(a)
DATE: Implementing Real-Time/Technical Applications Using Lists, Tuples
-Items Present InA Library)

AIM :
To Write a python program to implement items present in a library

PROCEDURE:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Create the variable inside that variable assigned the list of elements based on the library
using List and tuple
STEP 3:Using array index to print the items using list and tupel
STEP 4:To print the result using output statement
STEP 5: Stop the program

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PROGRAM:

library=["books", "author", "barcodenumber" , "price"]

library[0]="ramayanam"
print(library[0])
library[1]="valmiki"
library[2]=123987
library[3]=234
print(library)
Tuple:
tup1 = (12134,250000 )
tup2 = ('books', 'totalprice')
# tup1[0] = 100 ------- Not assigned in tuple
# So let's create a new tuple as follows
tup3 = tup1 + tup2;
print(tup3)

TUPLE:

tup1 = (12134,250000 )
tup2 = ('books', 'totalprice')
# tup1[0] = 100 ------- Not assigned in tuple # So let's create a new tuple as follows
tup3 = tup1 + tup2;
print(tup3)
OUTPUT:
ramayanam
['ramayanam', 'valmiki', 123987, 234]

TUPLE:
(12134, 250000, 'books', 'totalprice')

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program is executed successfully and the output is
Verified.
ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE
 EXPT.NO.4 b Implementing Real-Time/Technical Applications Using Lists, Tuples -Components
DATE: Of a Car

AIM:
To Write a python program to implement components of a car

PROCEDURE:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Create the variable inside that variable assigned the list of elements based on the car

using List and tuple

STEP 3:Using array index to print the items using list and tuple

STEP 4:To print the result using output statement

STEP 5: Stop the program

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PROGRAM:
cars = ["Nissan", "Mercedes Benz", "Ferrari", "Maserati", "Jeep", "Maruti Suzuki"] new_list = []
for i in cars:
if "M" in i:
new_list.append(i)
print(new_list)
TUPLE:

cars=("Ferrari", "BMW", "Audi", "Jaguar") print(cars)

print(cars[0])
print(cars[1])
print(cars[3])
print(cars[3])
print(cars[4])

OUTPUT:

LIST:

['Mercedes Benz', 'Maserati', 'Maruti Suzuki']

TUPLE:

('Ferrari', 'BMW', 'Audi', 'Jaguar')

Ferrari

BMW

Jaguar

Jaguar

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program is executed successfully and the output is verified.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO.4 C Implementing Real-Time/Technical Applications Using Lists, Tuples - Materials Required
DATE: For Construction Of A Building.

AIM:
To Write a python program to implement materials required for construction of building

PROCEDURE:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Create the variable and stored the unordered list of elements based on materials
Required for construction of building List and tuple
STEP 3: Using array index to print the items using list and tuple
STEP 4: To print the result using output statement
STEP 5: Stop the program

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PROGRAM:

materials= ["cementbags", "bricks", "sand", "Steelbars", "Paint"]

materials.append(“ Tiles”)
materials.insert(3,"Aggregates")
materials.remove("sand")
materials[5]="electrical"
print(materials)
TUPLE:
materials = ("cementbags", "bricks", "sand", "Steelbars", "Paint")
print(materials)
print ("list of element is=",materials)
print ("materials[0]:", materials [0])
print ("materials[1:3]:", materials [1:3])

OUTPUT:
LIST:
['cementbags', 'bricks', 'Aggregates', 'Steelbars', 'Paint', 'electrical']
TUPLE:
('cementbags', 'bricks', 'sand', 'Steelbars', 'Paint')
list of element is= ('cementbags', 'bricks', 'sand', 'Steelbars', 'Paint')
materials[0]: cementbags
materials[1:3]: ('bricks', 'sand')

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program is executed successfully and the output is verified.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO: 5 Implementing Real-Time/Technical Applications Using Sets, Dictionaries. –
DATE: Components Of An Automobile

AIM:
To write a python program to implement Components of an automobile using
Sets and Dictionaries

PROCEDURE:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Create the variable and stored the unordered list of elements based on
materials required for construction of building set and dictionary
STEP 3: Using for loop to list the number of elements and using array index to
print the items using set and dictionary
STEP 4: To print the result using output statement
STEP 5: Stop the program

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PROGRAM:

cars = {'BMW', 'Honda', 'Audi', 'Mercedes', 'Honda', 'Toyota', 'Ferrari', 'Tesla'}

print('Approach #1= ', cars)
print('==========')
print('Approach #2')
for car in cars:
print('Car name = {}'.format(car))
print('==========')
cars.add('Tata')
print('New cars set = {}'.format(cars))
cars.discard('Mercedes')
print('discard() method = {}'.format(cars))

OUTPUT:

Approach #1= {'BMW', 'Mercedes', 'Toyota', 'Audi', 'Ferrari', 'Tesla', 'Honda'}

==========
Approach #2
Car name = BMW
Car name = Mercedes
Car name = Toyota
Car name = Audi
Car name = Ferrari
Car name = Tesla
Car name = Honda
==========
New cars set = {'BMW', 'Mercedes', 'Toyota', 'Audi', 'Ferrari', 'Tesla', 'Honda',
'Tata'}
discard() method = {'BMW', 'Toyota', 'Audi', 'Ferrari', 'Tesla', 'Honda', 'Tata'}

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DICTIONARY
PROGRAM:
Dict = {}
print("Empty Dictionary: ")
print(Dict)

# Adding elements one at a time

Dict[0] = 'BRICKS'
Dict[2] = 'CEMENT'
Dict[3] = BLUE PRINT
print("\nDictionary after adding 3 elements: ")
print(Dict)

# Adding set of values

# to a single Key
Dict['Value_set'] = 2, 3, 4
print("\nDictionary after adding 3 elements: ")
print(Dict)

# Updating existing Key's Value

Dict[2] = 'STEEL'
print("\nUpdated key value: ")
print(Dict)

# Adding Nested Key value to Dictionary

Dict[5] = {'Nested': {'1': 'LIME', '2': 'SAND'}}
print("\nAdding a Nested Key: ")
print(Dict)
OUTPUT

Empty Dictionary:
{}

Dictionary after adding 3 elements:

{0: 'BRICKS', 2: 'CEMENT', 3: 'BLUE_PRINT'}

Dictionary after adding 3 elements: {0: 'BRICKS', 2: 'CEMENT', 3: 'BLUE_PRINT', 'Value_set': (2, 3, 4)}

Updated key value:

{0: 'BRICKS', 2: 'STEEL', 3: 'BLUE_PRINT', 'Value_set': (2, 3, 4)}

Adding a Nested Key:

{0: 'BRICKS', 2: 'STEEL', 3: 'BLUE_PRINT', 'Value_set': (2, 3, 4), 5: {'Nested': {'1': 'LIME', '2':
'SAND'}}}
>

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

RESULT:

Thus the program was executed successfully and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EXPT.NO 6 (A)
DATE:
Implementing Factorial Programs Using Functions.
AIM:

To Write a Python function to calculate the factorial of a number

PROCEDURE:

Step 1:Get a positive integer input (n) from the user.

Step 2:check if the values of n equal to 0 or not if it's zero it will return 1
Otherwise else statement can be executed
Step 3:Using the below formula, calculate the factorial of a number n*factorial(n-1)
Step 4:Print the output i.e the calculated

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PROGRAM:

def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n-1)
n=int(input("Input a number
to compute the factiorial : "))
print(factorial(n))

OUTPUT:

Input a number to compute the factiorial: 4

24

RESULT:
Thus the program was executed and verified successfully

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO 6 B Implementing Program Largest Number In A List Using Function
DATE:

AIM:
To Write a Python program to get the largest number from a list.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1- Declare a function that will find the largest number

Step 2- Use max() method and store the value returned by it in a variable
Step 3- Return the variable
Step 4- Declare and initialize a list or take input
Step 5- Call the function and print the value returned by it

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PROGRAM:

def max_num_in_list( list ):

max = list[ 0 ]
for a in list:
if a > max:
max = a
return max
print(max_num_in_list([1, 2, -8, 0]))

OUTPUT:
2

RESULT:
Thus the program was executed and verified successfully

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO.6 (C) Implementing Programs Using Functions – Area Of Shape
DATE

AIM:
To Write a python program to implement area of shape using functions
PROCEDURE:
Step 1:Get the input from the user shape’s name.
Step 2:If it exists in our program then we will proceed to find the entered shape’s area according to
their respective formulas.
Step 3:If that shape doesn’t exist then we will print “Sorry!
Step 4:Stop the program

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PROGRAM:
def calculate_area(name):\
name = name.lower()
if name == "rectangle":
l = int(input("Enter rectangle's length: "))
b = int(input("Enter rectangle's breadth: "))
rect_area = l * b
print(f"The area of rectangle is{rect_area}.")
elif name == "square":
s = int(input("Enter square's side length: "))
sqt_area = s * s
print(f"The area of square is{sqt_area}.")
elif name == "triangle":
h = int(input("Enter triangle's height length: "))
b = int(input("Enter triangle's breadth length: "))
tri_area = 0.5 * b * h
print(f"The area of triangle is{tri_area}.")
elif name == "circle":
r = int(input("Enter circle's radius length: "))
pi = 3.14
circ_area = pi * r * r
print(f"The area of triangle is{circ_area}.")
elif name == 'parallelogram':
b = int(input("Enter parallelogram's base length: "))
h = int(input("Enter parallelogram's height length: "))
# calculate area of parallelogram
para_area = b * h
print(f"The area of parallelogram is{para_area}.")
ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE
 else:
print("Sorry! This shape is not available")
if __name__ == "__main__" :
print("Calculate Shape Area")
shape_name = input("Enter the name of shape whose area you want to find: ")
calculate_area(shape_name)

OUTPUT:

Calculate Shape Area

Enter the name of shape whose area you want to find: rectangle
Enter rectangle's length: 10
Enter rectangle's breadth: 15
The area of rectangle is 150.

RESULT:

Thus the python program to implement area of shape using functions was successfully
executed and verified
ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE
 EXPT.NO.7 (A) Implementing programs using Strings –Reverse
DATE

AIM:

To Write a python program to implement reverse of a string using string functions

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: start the program

Step 2: Using function string values of arguments passed in that function
Step 3: python string to accept the negative number using slice operation
Step4: to print the reverse string value by Using reverse method function
Step5: print the result

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PROGRAM:

def reverse(string):
string = string[::-1]
return string
s = "Firstyearece"
print ("The original string is : ",end="")
print (s)
print ("The reversed string(using extended slice syntax) is : ",end="")
print (reverse(s))

OUTPUT:

The original string is : Firstyearece

The reversed string(using extended slice syntax) is : eceraeytsriF

RESULT:

Thus the reverse of a string function python program was executed and successfully
verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO.7 (B)
DATE: Implementing Programs Using Strings -Palindrome

AIM:

To write a python program to implement palindrome using string functions

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: start by declaring the isPalindrome() function and passing the string
argument.
Step 2:Then, in the function body,
Step 3:To get the reverse of the input string using a slice operator – string[::-1].
Step 4: -1 is the step parameter that ensures that the slicing will start from the
end of the string with one step back each time.
Step 5:if the reversed string matches the input string, it is a
palindrome Or else, it is not a palindrome.

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PROGRAM:

def is Palindrome(s):

return s == s[::-1]

# Driver code

s = input("Enter the string=")

ans = isPalindrome(s)

if ans:

print("the string is palindrome ")

else:

print("The string is not a palindrome")

OUTPUT:

Enter a string:madam
The string is a palindrome

RESULT:
Thus the program of palindrome by using function in python executed successfully and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO: 7 (C)
DATE: Implementing programs using Strings - character count

AIM:

To Write a python program to implement Characters count using string functions

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: user to enter the string. Read and store it in a variable.
Step 2: Initialize one counter variable and assign zero as its value.
Step 3: increment this value by 1 if any character is found in the string.
Step 4: Using one loop, iterate through the characters of the string one by one.
Step 5: Check each character if it is a blank character or not. If it is not a blank
character, increment the value of the counter variable by ’1‘.
Step 6: After the iteration is completed, print out the value of the counter.
Step 7: This variable will hold the total number of characters in the string.

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PROGRAM:

input_string = input("Enter a string : ")

count = 0
for c in input_string :
if c.isspace() != True:
count = count + 1
print("Total number of characters : ",count)

OUTPUT:

Enter a string : ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM COLLEGE

Total number of characters : 29

RESULT:
Thus the program of character count in string in python was executed successfully and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EXPT.NO: 7 (d)
DATE: Implementing programs using Strings – Replacing
Characters

AIM:

To write a python program to implement Replacing Characters using string functions

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Using string.replace(old, new, count)

Step 2 : by using string Parameters to change it old – old substring you
want to replace.new – new substring which would replace the old substring.
Step 3: count – (Optional ) the number of times you want to replace the old
substring with the new substring.
Step 4: To returns a copy of the string where all occurrences of a substring
are replaced with another substring.

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PROGRAM

string = "Welcome to python programming"

print(string.replace("to", "our"))
print(string.replace("ek", "a", 3))

OUTPUT:

Welcome our python programming

Welcome to python praramming

RESULT:
Thus the program was executed and successfully verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EXPT.NO: 8 (a)
DATE: Implementing programs using written modules and
Python Standard Libraries–pandas

AIM:
To write a python program to implement pandas modules. Pandas are
denote python data structures.
PROCEDURE:

Step 1: start the program

Step 2: DataFrame is the key data structure in Pandas. It allows us to store
And manipulate tabular data
Step 4: python method of DataFrame has data aligned in rows and columns
like the SQL table or a spreadsheet database
Step 3: using Series: It is a 1-D size-immutable array like structure
having homogeneous data in a python module
Step 4:using max function method to display the maximum ages in a program
Step 4:List of elements can be displayed by using output statement in pandas.
Step 5: stop the program

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PROGRAM:

In command prompt install this package: pip install pandas

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(
{
"Name": [ "Braund, Mr. Owen Harris",
"Allen, Mr. William Henry",
"Bonnell, Miss. Elizabeth",],
"Age": [22, 35, 58], "Sex": ["male", "male", "female"],
}
)
print(df)
print(df[“Age”])
ages = pd.Series([22, 35, 58], name="Age”)
print(ages)
df[“Age”].max()
print(ages.max())
print(df.describe())

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OUTPUT:

Name Age Sex

0 Braund, Mr. Owen Harris 22 male
1 Allen, Mr. William Henry 35 male
2 Bonnell, Miss. Elizabeth 58 female
0 22
1 35
2 58
Name: Age, dtype: int64
0 22
1 35
2 58
Name: Age, dtype: int64
58
Age
count 3.000000
mean 38.333333
std 18.230012
min 22.000000
25% 28.500000
50% 35.000000
75% 46.500000
max 58.0000

RESULT:

Thus the python program to implement pandas modules. Pandas are

Denote python data structures was successfully executed and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EXPT.NO: 8(b)
DATE: Implementing programs using written modules and
Python Standard Libraries– numpy

AIM:
To Write a python program to implement numpy module in python .
Numerical python are mathematical calculations are solved here.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1:start the program

Step 2:to create the package of numpy in python and using array index in numpy
for numerical calculation
Step 3:to create the array index inside that index to assign the values in that
dimension
Step 4: Declare the method function of arrange statement can be used in that
program
Step 5: By using output statement we can print the result

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PROGRAM:

In command prompt install this package-pip install numpy

import numpy as np
a = np.arange(6)
a2 = a[np.newaxis, :]
a2.shape
#Array Creation and functions:
a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
a = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]])
print(a[0])
print(a[1])
np.zeros(2)
np.ones(2)
np.arange(4)
np.arange(2, 9, 2)
np.linspace(0, 10, num=5)
x = np.ones(2, dtype=np.int64)
print(x)
arr = np.array([2, 1, 5, 3, 7, 4, 6, 8])
np.sort(arr)
a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
b = np.array([5, 6, 7, 8])
np.concatenate((a, b))
#Array Dimensions:
array_example = np.array([[[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7]], [[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7]],
[[0 ,1 ,2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7]]])
array_example.ndim
array_example.size

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 array_example.shape
a = np.arange(6)
print(a)
b=a.reshape(3, 2)
print(b)
np.reshape(a, newshape=(1, 6), order='C')

OUTPUT:

[1 2 3 4]
[5 6 7 8]
[1 1]
[0 1 2 3 4 5]
[[0 1]
[2 3]
[4 5]]

RESULT:

Thus the python program to implement numpy module in python .Numerical

python are mathematical calculations are successfully executed and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EXPT.NO: 8(c)
DATE: Implementing programs using written modules and
Python Standard Libraries–matplotlib

AIM:
To write a python program to implement matplotolib module in python. .Matplotlib
python are used to show the visualization entities in python.
PROCEDURE:

Step 1:start the program

Step 2: It divided the circle into 4 sectors or slices which represents the respective
category(playing, sleeping, eating and working) along with the percentage they hold.
Step 3:Now, if you have noticed these slices adds up to 24 hrs, but the calculation of pie
slices is done automatically .
Step 4:In this way, pie charts are calculates the percentage or the slice of the pie in same
way using area plot etc using matplotlib
Step 5:stop the program

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PROGRAM:
In command prompt install this package: pip install matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
days = [1,2,3,4,5]
sleeping =[7,8,6,11,7]
eating = [2,3,4,3,2]
working =[7,8,7,2,2]
playing = [8,5,7,8,13]
slices = [7,2,2,13]
activities = ['sleeping','eating','working','playing']
cols = ['c','m','r','b']
plt.pie(slices,labels=activities, colors=cols,
startangle=90,
shadow= True,
explode=(0,0.1,0,0),
autopct='%1.1f%%')
plt.title('Pie Plot')
plt.show()

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OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 2:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np
plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
y = 4 + 2 * np.sin(2 * x)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y, linewidth=2.0)
ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8), ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))
plt.show(

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement matplotolib module in python.
Matplotlib python are used to show the visualization entites in python was
successfully executed and verified.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EXPT.NO: 8 (d)
DATE: Implementing programs using written modules and Python Standard
Libraries– scipy
AIM:
Write a python program to implement scipy module in python. .Scipy python
are used to solve the scientific calculations
PROCEDURE:

Step 1:Start the program

Step 2: The SciPy library consists of a subpackage named scipy.interpolate that

consists of spline functions and classes, one-dimensional and multi-dimensional
(univariate and multivariate) interpolation classes, etc.

Step 3:To import the package of np in a program and create x,x1,y,y1 identifier

inside that assign the np function

Step 4: SciPy provides interp1d function that can be utilized to produce univariate
interpolation

Step 5: Stop the program

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PROGRAM:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy import interpolate
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(5, 20)
y = np.exp(x/3.0)
f = interpolate.interp1d(x, y)
x1 = np.arange(6, 12)
y1 = f(x1) # use interpolation function returned by `interp1d`
plt.plot(x, y, 'o', x1, y1, '--')
plt.show()
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement Scipy module in python.
Scipy python are used to show the visualization entites in python was
successfully executed and verified.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO: 9 (a)
DATE: Implementing real-time/technical applications using File handling -
copy from one file to another
AIM:
To Write a python program to implement File Copying

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Capture the original path

To begin, capture the path where your file is currently stored.
For example, I stored a CSV file in a folder called AAMEC2(2):
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\AAMEC2 (2)\bookk.csv
Where the CSV file name is „products„ and the file extension is csv.

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Step 2: Capture the target path
Next, capture the target path where you‟d like to copy the file.
In my case, the file will be copied into a folder called AAMEC2:
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop \bookk.csv

Step 3: Copy the file in Python using shutil.copyfile

import shutil
original = r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\AAMEC2(2)\bookk.csv'
target = r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\AAMEC2\bookk.csv'
shutil.copyfile(original, target) shutil.copyfile(original, target)

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RESULT:
Thus the a python program to implement File Copying was successfully executed
and verified .

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO: 9 (b)
DATE: Implementing real-time/technical applications using File handling
word count

AIM:

To Write a python program to implement word count in File operations in python

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open and create the txt file with some statements
step 2: To save that file with the extension of txt file
step3 : Now to count the the lenghth of word in a file.
step 4: To display the word count in a target file

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PROGRAM:

file =open(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\count2.txt","rt")
data = file.read()
words = data.split()
print('Number of words in text file :', len(words))

OUTPUT:
Number of words in text file : 4

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement word count in File operations in python was
executed successfully and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO: 9 (c)
DATE: Implementing real-time/technical applications using File handling -
Longest word

AIM:

To Write a python program to implement longest word in File operations

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open and create the txt file with some statements
step 2: To save that file with the extension of txt file
step3 : Now to count the longest of word in a file.
step 4: To display the longest word in a target file

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PROGRAM:

def longest_word(count):
with open(count, 'r') as infile:
words = infile.read().split()
max_len = len(max(words, key=len))
return [word for word in words if len(word) == max_len]
print(longest_word('count.txt'))

OUTPUT:
['welcome', 'program']

RESULT:

Thus the python program to implement longest word in File operations was executed
successfully verified.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO: 10 (a)
DATE: Implementing real-time/technical applications using Exception
handling.- divide by zero error.

AIM:
To Write a exception handling program using python to depict the divide by zero
error.
PROCEDURE:

step 1: start the program

step 2: The try block tests the statement of error. The except block handle the error.
step 3: A single try statement can have multiple except statements. This is useful
when the try block contains statements that may throw different types of exceptions
step 4: To create the two identifier name and enter the values
step 5:by using division operation and if there is any error in that try block raising the
error in that block
step 6: otherwise it display the result

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PROGRAM:

(i) marks = 10000

a = marks / 0
print(a)
output: ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

program

a=int(input("Entre a="))
b=int(input("Entre b="))
try:
c = ((a+b) / (a-b))
#Raising Error
if a==b:
raise ZeroDivisionError
#Handling of error
except ZeroDivisionError:
print ("a/b result in 0")
else:
print (c)

OUTPUT:

Entre a=4
Entre b=6
-5.0

RESULT:
Thus the exception handling program using python to depict the divide by zero
error. was successfully executed and verified
ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE
 EXPT.NO: 10 (b)
DATE: Implementing real-time/technical applications using Exception
handling.- Check voters eligibility

AIM:

To Write a exception handling program using python to depict the voters eligibility

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2:Read the input file which contains names and age by using try catch exception handling
method
Step 3:To Check the age of the person. if the age is greater than 18 then write the name into voter
list otherwise write the name into non voter list.
Step 4: Stop the program

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program:

def main():
#get the age
try:
age=int(input("Enter your age"))
if age>18:
print("Eligible to vote")
else:
print("Not eligible to vote")
except:
print("age must be a valid number")
main()

OUTPUT:
Enter your age43
Eligible to vote

RESULT:
Thus the exception handling program using python to depict the voters eligibility
was successfully executed and verified.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO: 10 (c)
DATE: Implementing real-time/technical applications using Exception
handling.- student mark range validation

AIM:
To Implementing real-time/technical applications using Exception handling.- student mark
range validation
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2:By using function to get the input from the user
Step 3:Using Exception handling in that cif statement can be used to check the mark range in the
program
Step 4:Given data is not valid it will throw the IOexception in the process
Step 5: Stop the program

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PROGRAM:
def main():
try:
mark=int(input(“enter your mark”))
if mark>=35 and mark<101:
print(“pass and your mark is valid”)
else:
print(“fail and your mark is valid”)
except ValueError:
print(“mark must be avalid number”)
except IOError:
print(“enter correct valid mark”)
except:
print(“An error occurred”)
main()

OUTPUT:
Enter your mark 69
Pass and your mark is valid

RESULT:
Thus the real-time/technical applications using Exception handling.- student mark
range validation was successfully executed and verified

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO: 11
DATE: Exploring Pygame tool.

AIM:
To Write a python program to implement pygame
PROCEDURE:
step 1: start the program
step 2: when Key presses, mouse movements, and even joystick movements are
some of the ways in which a user can provide input

step 3: To sets up a control variable for the game loop. To exit the loop and the
game, you set running = False. The game loop starts on line 29.

step 4: starts the event handler, walking through every event currently in the event
queue. If there are no events, then the list is empty, and the handler won’t do
anything.

step 5:check if the current event.type is a KEYDOWN event. If it is, then the
program checks which key was pressed by looking at the event.key attribute. If the
key is the Esc key, indicated by K_ESCAPE, then it exits the game loop by setting
running = False.

step 6: do a similar check for the event type called QUIT. This event only occurs
when the user clicks the window close button. The user may also use any other
operating system action to close the window.

step 7:The window won’t disappear until you press the Esc key, or otherwise trigger
a QUIT event by closing the window.

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PROGRAM:
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
class Square(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
super(Square, self).__init__()
self.surf = pygame.Surface((25, 25))
self.surf.fill((0, 200, 255))
self.rect = self.surf.get_rect()
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
square1 = Square()
square2 = Square()
square3 = Square()
square4 = Square()
gameOn = True
while gameOn:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_BACKSPACE:
gameOn = False
elif event.type == QUIT:
gameOn = False
screen.blit(square1.surf, (40, 40))
screen.blit(square2.surf, (40, 530))
screen.blit(square3.surf, (730, 40))
screen.blit(square4.surf, (730, 530))
pygame.display.flip()

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OUTPUT

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement pygame was successfully executed and
verified.

ANJALAI AMMAL MAHALINGAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 EXPT.NO: 12
DATE: Developing a game activity using Pygame like bouncing ball

AIM:
To Write a python program to implement bouncing balls using pygame tool
PROCEDURE:
Step1: Start the program
Step 2:The pygame.display.set_mode() function returns the surface object for the window.
This function accepts the width and height of the screen as arguments.
Step 3:To set the caption of the window, call the pygame.display.set_caption() function.
opened the image using the pygame.image.load() method and set the ball rectangle area boundary
using
the get_rect() method.
Step 4:The fill() method is used to fill the surface with a background color.
Step 5:pygame flip() method to make all images visible.
Step 6: Stop the program

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PROGRAM:
import sys, pygame
pygame.init()
size = width, height = 800, 400
speed = [1, 1]
background = 255, 255, 255
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("Bouncing ball")
ball = pygame.image.load("ball.png")
ballrect = ball.get_rect()
while 1:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
ballrect = ballrect.move(speed)
if ballrect.left < 0 or ballrect.right > width:
speed[0] = -speed[0]
if ballrect.top < 0 or ballrect.bottom > height:
speed[1] = -speed[1]
screen.fill(background)
screen.blit(ball, ballrect)
pygame.display.flip()

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement bouncing balls using pygame tool was
executed successfully and verified

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ALL THE BEST …!

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