GEC 003

PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION

FIRST SEMESTER, A.Y. 2021-2022

MARIJANE B. ACOSTA, MAED

INSTRUCTOR

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 Module 5
Fifth Week
Principles and Types of Speeches &
Non-verbal Communication

INTRODUCTION

Speaking in public, whether in front of small or large groups, makes some people
jittery. However, this is a normal part of life. When you take this seriously, it will
certainly benefit you when you become a professional. (Madrunio & Martin, 2018)

MODULE 5

I.LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of module 5, you are expected to:

1. discuss the principles of effective public speaking;
2. identify the types of speeches;
3. determine the situations where public speaking can take place;
4. deliver a speech effectively;
5. evaluate a speech; and
6. reflect on a learning experience.

II. WARM-UP
 Pick a topic that interests you. Then, plan a one-minute speech about your
chosen topic.
 Give yourself five minutes to prepare for your speech.
 Record your speech presentation and allow any member of your family to
provide feedback specifically on your speech-topic, content, and delivery.

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 Self-Audit
After completing the warm-up activity, tick the column that best describes your ability
to deliver a speech. Answer this section objectively as possible. Bear in mind that there
are no wrong answers. You can base your answers to this self-audit task on your warm-
up performance.
Usually Sometimes Seldom Never
3 2 1 0

1. I have a clear purpose in developing my speech.

2. I organize my speech effectively.

3. I am able to begin my speech with an effective attention-

getter.
4. I have sufficient support for my speech.

5. I document my sources properly.

6. I end my speech effectively.

7. I tailor fit my speech to the needs, interests, values, and

beliefs of my audience.
8. I feel confident and comfortable when I deliver a speech
in public.
9. I am attired appropriately when I deliver my speech.

10. I avoid mannerisms or any distractions during the

delivery of my speech.
TOTAL

GRAND TOTAL

Now that you have completed the self-audit, consult the table below to identify your ability to
deliver a speech. You may share the results with your family and classmates and remember
them as you participate in the succeeding activities.

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 Interpretation:

Score Level of Proficiency

28-30 Advanced
25-27 Proficient
23-24 Approaching to Proficiency
21-22 Developing
20 and below Beginning

III.INTERACTION
ESSENTIALS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION
There are a lot of people who are more comfortable communicating by sending
messages through electronic mail, social media, or cellular phones than in person. One
reason probably is that speaking on a one-to-one basis or in either small or big group is
intimidating and even terrifying. However, you should know that having excellent
communication skills can practically help you express yourself clearly and confidently,
gain the respect of other people, achieve your goals, and succeed in life.
Competence in oral communication is also important because it makes you
become an effective leader: one who is able to (1) listen attentively to identify the
conveyed meaning. (2) Collaborate with others, (3) use critical thinking and problem
solving skills, (4) give appropriate feedback, and (5) converse with others of different
backgrounds. These are qualities that are relevant in the present 21st century world.
As the name implies, public speaking is speaking in public. Your early exposures
to it can either be in school through hosting a program, reciting the loyalty pledge,
reading the mechanics of contests or games, campaigning during a campus election, or
joining in declamation, oratorical, impromptu and storytelling contests, or outside
school such as giving a birthday wish to a celebrator, reading verses in public during
religious activities, or making public announcements. Now use these experiences to
jumpstart your becoming an effective public speaker.
You may have heard from your teachers, coaches, or even from your family,
friends and classmates, or read from oral communication reference and self-help books
about some of the time-tested principles of effective public speaking which can be
categorized into Four Ms( Material, Message, Methods of Delivery, and Manners in
Speech).
(Barrot & Sipacio, 2018)

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 MATERIALS
Material refers to your topic which can be about your experience, observations,
inspiration, or anything are interested to talk about. For example, if you are into social
media like Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram, you may be interested to talk about these
topics:
 How social media helped me find my one true love..
 My grandmother’s experience in social media.
 Cyber bullying in social media.

Or, if you are into sports, your speech topics may be about the following:
 Why I love playing basketball.
 My inspiration in becoming an athlete.
 How can the Philippine team get gold medals in the Olympics?

If you can’t think of any idea about your topic, one best strategy is to get a pen
and paper and write down everything that is in your mind. Then, circle or underline the
one that you are interested in and really knowledgeable about. Once you have identified
your topic, it is important to know more about it.

MESSAGE
Message refers to the content or the main point of your speech, which can be
supported by personal stories or anecdotes-humorous or inspiring- and relevant
statistics or ideas from newspaper s and academic journals, among others.
Take, for example your topic is cyber bullying in social media. You can begin your
speech by sharing what you read from Twitter, how your friend was bashed by his/ her
followers because of his/her use of English language. You can describe the situation;
make your own interpretation and/or analysis which can be supported by research, then
build a message that can be valuable and relevant to your audience.
Or, let us say your topic is the ways by which the Philippines can bag top prizes in
the Olympics. You can begin your speech by sharing your sentiments on the
performance of the Philippine teams in the recent Olympics, or by presenting a graph
showing the Philippine standing in the medal tally for the past years in that
international major sports event. Then, provide some ways on how to improve the
performance of the team.

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 When you are developing your message, it is very important to know the needs,
beliefs, and values of your audience so that you can engage them easily in your speech.
Once you have connected with your audience, it will be easy for you to convey your
message according to your goal or purpose: to inform, to entertain, or to persuade.

 Speech to inform seeks to provide the audience with a clear understanding of the
concept or idea presented by the speaker. The lectures of your teachers are best
examples of this type.
 2. Speech to entertain seeks to provide the audience with entertainment. The
humorous speeches of your favorite speakers are best examples of this type.
 3. Speech to persuade seeks to provide the audience with favorable or acceptable
ideas that can influence their own ideas and decisions. The campaign speeches of
the candidates for government posts are best examples of this type.

METHODS OF DELIVERY
Methods of delivery refer to the style of delivery. These methods are manuscript,
memorized, impromptu, and extemporaneous.
Manuscript speech is delivered by speakers who intend to read aloud their speech
word for word to their audience. One example is writing and/ or reading a proclamation
paper, public announcement, or court decision. Since this is literally reading to the
audience, manuscript speakers will have difficulty in grabbing the attention of and
connecting with their audience.
Memorized-speech is delivered by speakers who intend to memorize their speech
word for word. This occurs when one delivers a declamation or oratorical piece for a
contest or during a gathering. Also, this method is usually written by or for speakers
who are inexperienced or uncomfortable in public speaking; thus, memorizing the
speech written by them or for them can be a good option. Some common problems that
you can encounter using this method are time and commitment to memorize, memory
lapses, awkward or unnatural delivery, eye contact, and audience rapport, among
others.
Impromptu speech is delivered by speakers who are suddenly asked or requested
by someone or a group of people to say a few words about something. As an illustration,
you are asked by your teacher to share with the class about your holiday vacation, or you
are unexpectedly requested by an emcee to give your birthday wishes for your friend
who is celebrating his/her birthday. Since you have little time to gather your thoughts in
this method, you may have trouble in organizing and finding the appropriate words for
your thoughts.

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 Extemporaneous speech is delivered by speakers who intend to present a well-
crafted speech. That speech is fully prepared and perfectly rehearsed ahead of time. As
an example, you accepted an invitation of your former school to give an inspirational
talk to the graduates. So, you give yourself enough time to deliver a speech that can
motivate and inspire your audience to do and think good deeds at all times. During your
delivery, you may need some notes, not for you to read but for you to be guided. This
method can usually be a bit nerve-wracking for the inexperienced or beginners. But, that
can be a good step towards mastering the art of speaking extemporaneously.

MANNERS IN SPEECH
Manners in speech refer to the ethical standards in delivering a speech in public.
Lucas (2011) specified some of them.
1. Observe ethically sound goals. Avoid criticizing your teachers, family, friends,
and other people or promoting mass destruction, for instance, hacking.
2. Prepare all the time. You have a full responsibility to yourself and to your
audience when you are asked to deliver a speech. So, in order to fulfill it, you
have to be prepared.
3. Tell the truth. Be accurate with your sources and data. Acknowledge the
author of your borrowed ideas including quotes, songs, phrases, and statistics,
among others. Simply observe,” Honesty is the best policy.”
4. Be sensible and sensitive. Your audience come from different backgrounds, so
as much as possible, respect their identity, affiliation, religion, beliefs, values,
preferences, and orientation through your language and gestures.

(Barrot & Sipacio, 2018)

COMPONENTS OF A SPEECH
I. Introduction
a. Attention getter
b. Initial Summary
c. Speaker’s credibility( telling the audience why you are the right person to
talk about the subject)
d. Relevance e of the topic to the audience(stating what’s in it for the
audience)
e. Self- introduction(optional)
f. Thesis statement

II. Body

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 a. Main idea 1
 Supporting detail 1
 Supporting detail 2
b. Main idea 2
 Supporting detail 1
 Supporting detail 2
c. Main idea 3
 Supporting detail 1
 Supporting detail 2
d. Conclusion
 Closure (letting your audience know that you are about to end your
speech)
 Summary
 Call to action
 Powerful closing statement

POWER TIPS FOR BEGINNING AND ENDING A SPEEC H

Techniques Examples
Opening: Think of your life as a driving car. You must
Analogy always keep your attention on the road and focus on
where you are heading to. At times, you need to look
behind but you have to keep looking ahead because life
has to go on.

Closing: Drive your car safely, so you will have a

happy life.
Anecdote Opening: I was 20 years old when experienced
depression. It was the time when a series of unfortunate
events occurred simultaneously. I barely slept and lost
my appetite.

Closing: I would not have overcome my depression if

not for the people who value me. Now, I live a normal
life, and it’s my chance to pay forward what those great
people did to me.
Humor Opening: my seven -year old nephew told me to avoid
giving advice in my speech. That is because I might be
like Socrates who according to him, after walking
around and giving advice to people, he died because the
same people poisoned him.
Provocative Rhetorical Opening: Why are some people able to achieve things
Question that seem impossible?

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 Closing: So, why do some people achieve things that
seem impossible? That’s because of hard work and right
attitude.
Quotation Opening: I have decided to live by Abraham Lincoln’s
words: “Most people are about as happy as they make
their minds up to be.”

Closing: Lincoln’s words are such an uplifting phrase.

Startling Statistics Opening: One out of every three children in the
Philippines suffers from human trafficking.

Closing: We can no longer afford to let more children

to suffer from human trafficking. It’s about time to put
a stop to this horror.

(Barrot & Sipacio, 2018)

Comprehension Check
Now, I would like you to think about this. Write T on the blank if the statement is true
and F if the statement is false.
____ 1. Anecdotes are inappropriate support for the message of the speech.

___ 2. Campaign speeches can have multiple purposes (to inform, to entertain. or to
persuade).

___ 3. Ethical standards are necessary when one delivers his/her speech to gain
popularity.

___ 4. Eye contact, audience rapport, and other non-verbal cues are insignificant in
memorized speech.

___ 5. If you can communicate well with others, you will most likely become a better
leader.

___ 6. In your introduction, you need to state the relevance of your speech.

___ 7. Inexperienced public speakers have no other way to improve their skills.

___ 8. It is a must that you let your audience know that you are ending your speech.

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 ___ 9.Major components of a speech include the introduction, body, and conclusion.

___ 10. Some people think that speaking in public can be very frightening and
frustrating.

___11. Students are encouraged to deliver their speeches extemporaneously.

___12. The basic rule in beginning and ending your speech is that whatever strategy you
use in the beginning must always be restated in the closing.

____13. There is a best method of delivering a public speech.

____14. Topic selection is the most crucial part of developing a speech.

____15. You need a catchy opening and a powerful closing.

III. Tasks
1. Based on the ideas you have gained from this lesson, identify at least five
situations where public speaking can take place. For each situation, identify an
appropriate purpose and method of delivery. Write your response on the answer
sheet provided at the last part of this module.

Situations Purpose Method of Delivery

Example: Symposium on To inform Extemporaneous
Climate Change
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 2. Watch, and evaluate two different speech presentations. Then, complete the
table below with relevant ideas.

Speech Presentation 1/Video 1:

Title of the Speech: ______________________________________

Speaker Purpose
Material: Method of Delivery:
Message

Supporting Information ( SI 1 ):

SI 2:

S! 3
Manners in Speech( MS) 1:
MS 2:
MS 3:
List down at least three characteristics that Cite specific part in the speech that shows
make the speaker an effective one: the identified characteristic:
(1)
(2)
(3)
List down at least three areas for
improvement

(1)

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 (2)
(3)

Speech Presentation 2/Video 2:

Title of the Speech: ______________________________________

Speaker Purpose
Material: Method of Delivery:
Message

Supporting Information ( SI 1 ):

SI 2:

SI 3:
Manners in Speech( MS) 1:
MS 2:
MS 3:
List down at least three characteristics that Cite specific part in the speech that shows
make the speaker an effective one: the identified characteristic:
(1)
(2)
(3)
List down at least three areas for
improvement

(1)
(2)

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 (3)

Think about your own advocacy. It can be about any global or civic issue or concern.
Then, develop a three-minute speech identifying its name, explaining your reasons
of choosing it as your advocacy, and describing its goals. Make sure you follow the
principles you have learned.( This will serve as your Final Examination.)

RUBRIC FOR SPEECH PRESENTATION

VGE GE SE LE N
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
CONTENT

1. The speech topic is appropriate and

relevant.
2. The speech purpose is clear and
well-defined.
3 .The speech is organized.
4. The speech has an effective
beginning.
5. The paper has a clear message.
6. The speech has sufficient supporting
details such as relevant data or
examples.
7. Sources used in the speech are
documented properly.
8. The speech has an effective ending.
9. The speech is adjusted to the needs,
interests, values, and beliefs of the
audience.
DELIVERY

10. The speaker looks confident and

comfortable during his/her delivery.
11. The speaker is attired appropriately
during the delivery.
12. The speaker manifests good

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 posture.
13. The speaker uses appropriate
gestures and refined movements.
14. The speaker does not rely on his
/her notes. Instead, he /she uses eye
contact effectively to stay connected
with his/her audience.
15. The speaker avoids mannerisms or
any distractions during his/her
delivery.
16. The speaker has a pleasant but
powerful voice.
17. The speaker pronounces and
articulates words clearly.
18. The speaker shows mastery of
his/her speech.
19. The speaker observes ethical
standards.
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL /95

Legend:
VGE-To a very great extent; GE-To a great extent; SE- To some extent; LE- To a little
extent; N-Not at al

IV.INTEGRATION/REFLECTION

Reflect on the learning that you gained from this lesson by completing the given
chart.

What were your misconceptions about What new or additional learning have
the topic prior to taking up this lesson? you gained from this lesson in terms of
skills, content, and attitude?

I thought… I learned that…

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 V. SUMMARY:

In this lesson, you learned the skill and knowledge to communicate, to acquire and
convey information and to persuade and argue.

VI. REFERENCES:

Book

 Barrot, J. & Sipacio, P. (2018). Purposive Communication in the 21st Century.

Quezon city: C&E Publishing,Inc.

Website/Link

 Types of Speeches. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks.

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 Answer Sheet For Module 5

Name: ____________________________ Course/Year &

Section____________

1. Identify at least five situations where public speaking can take place. For each
situation, identify an appropriate purpose and method of delivery. Write your
response on the table.

Situations Purpose Method of Delivery

Example: Symposium on To inform Extemporaneous
Climate Change
1.

2.

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 3.

4.

5.

Name: ____________________________ Course/Year &

Section____________

1. Watch, and evaluate two different speech presentations. Then, complete the
table below with relevant ideas.

Speech Presentation 1/ Video 1:

Title of the Speech: ______________________________________

Speaker Purpose
Material: Method of Delivery:
Message

Supporting Information ( SI 1 ):

SI 2:

S! 3
Manners in Speech( MS) 1:
MS 2:

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 MS 3:
List down at least three characteristics that Cite specific part in the speech that shows
make the speaker an effective one: the identified characteristic:
(1)
(2)
(3)
List down at least three areas for
improvement

(1)
(2)
(3)

Name: ____________________________ Course/Year &

Section____________

Speech Presentation 2 / Video 2:

Title of the Speech: ______________________________________

Speaker Purpose
Material: Method of Delivery:
Message

Supporting Information ( SI 1 ):

SI 2:

SI 3:
Manners in Speech( MS) 1:
MS 2:

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 MS 3:
List down at least three characteristics that Cite specific part in the speech that shows
make the speaker an effective one: the identified characteristic:
(1)
(2)
(3)
List down at least three areas for
improvement

(1)
(2)
(3)

2. Think about your own advocacy. It can be about any global or civic issue or
concern. Then, develop a three-minute speech identifying its name, explaining
your reasons of choosing it as your advocacy, and describing its goals. Make sure
you follow the principles you have learned. ( This will serve as your Final
Examination.)

Name: _______________________Course, Yr. & Section: _________

Reflect on the learning that you gained from this lesson by completing the given chart.

What were your misconceptions What new or additional learning

about the topic prior to taking up have you gained from this lesson in
this lesson? terms of skills, content, and
attitude?
I thought… I learned that…

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