(01) an`kOl pYv`hykt anEr$p pYv`h btyk h#dy r$p@y~ qk~v` a#w.

ey wOL vE
A, B, C h` D lk~;&vlqW hrs~kd vr\MPlyn~ 30 cm2, 25 cm2, 10 cm2
h` 20 cm2 @v|. A hQqW wrl@y~ pY@v|gy 20 ms-1 nm| B, C h` D hQqW wrl@y~ D
B C
@v|gyn~ @s`yn~n.
A

(02) r$p@y~ q#k~@vn prQqQ qYv x`jn@y~ phl a#wQ sQqE@rn~ qYvy nQkOw~ vn pY@v|gy @svWmt br\nRlW pY@m|yy x`vQw`
krn~n. @my vs~wOvk~ h usk sQt nQqh@s~ aw~ hrQn lq s~kn~{yk~ lb` gn~n` pY@v|gyt sm`n vn bv
@pn~vn~n. h
v
(03) anvrwv gl` yn wrl pYv`hyk A hQqW wrl pY@v|gy 50 ms-1 k~ h` hrs~kd
C
vr\gPly 10 cm2 kQ. A hQqW pWdny 1x 105 Pa h` qYv@y~ Gnw~vy 1000 kgm-3
kQ. B hQqW pY@v|gy 20 ms-1 @v|. A
B
i) B hQqW hrs~kd vr\gPly h` wrl pWdny @k`pmNq?
ii) C hQqW pY@v|gy 30 ms-1 k~ nm| hrs~kd vr\gPly h` wrl pWdny @s`yn~n.

(04) wQrs~ nlyk~ wOlQn~ gl` yn qYv pYv`hyk20 cm2 vn pQhQtWmkqW wrl@y~ @v|gy 20 ms-1 h` pWdny 2 x 105 Nm-2 @v|. @mm nl@y~ hrs~ kd
vr\gPly
(i) 30 cm2
(ii) 50 cm2 vn w#nkqW wrl@y~ pY@v|gy h` pWdny @s`yn~n.

(05) kdq`sQ @qkk~ r$p@y~ q#k~@vn prQqQ wb` e~ awrQn~ pQBQn vQt kdq`sQ @qk ekQ@nk lA vn bv
nQrW]ny kl h#k. @mm sAsQq~{Qy br\nRlW pY@m|yy a#sErn
Q ~ phqn~n. q#n~ ek~ kd`qQsQyk~
phw prQqQ avk`X@y~ p` @vmQn~ smwOlQww`v@y~ p#vwWmt nm| kdq`sQyt yn~wm| ihlQn~ h` sm`n~wrv
v`wy pQBQy yEwO pY@v|gy @s`yn~n. kdq`sQ@y~ s~kn~{y m h` ehQ p^;~T @]~s~wYPly A @ls
slkn~n. @mhqW ob vQsQn~ krnE lbn upkl~pn sQyl~l p#h#qQlQv s[hn~ krn~n.

(06) gOvn~ y`nyk s~kn~{y 4000 kg k~ @v|. ehQ aw~ wtE vl sPl @]~s~wYPly 12 m2 kQ. ey ihL ah@s~ wQrs~ m`r\gyk gmn~ krn vQt aw~ wtE
phlQn~ hm` yn v`w@y~ pY@v|gy 80 ms-1 @v|. v`w@y~ GNw~vy 1.2 kgm-3 nm| y`n@y~ aw~ wtE ihlQn~ hm` yn v`w@y~ pY@v|gy @s`yn~n.

(07) pYv`h btyk~ wOl pYv`hy vn wrlyk~ sm|bn~{@yn~ lb` gw~ sn~wwQk smWkrNy mQnQs~ sQr#@r\ r#{Qr n`l wOl sQqE vn r#{Qr pYv`hyt @yqQy
h#k. h^q@yn~ r#{Qry lb` gn~n` nlyk ary 1.0 cm q e~ wOlQn~ r#{Qry gl` yn @v|gy 30 cms-1 q @v|. @mm r#{Qry avs`n@y~qW kOd` r#{Qr
n`lQk` r`XQyk~ hrh` gmn~ gnW. @mm r#{Qr n`lQk`vk ary 0.02 cm q n`lQk` gNn 40000 @v| nm| e~v` wOlQn~ r#{Qry gl` yn @v|gy @s`yn~n.

Page 1 of 3
Sanka Munasinghe
B.Sc.Engineering.(hons) University of Moratuwa
(08) a) br\nRlQ mEl{r\my s[h` vE pYk`XNy lQy` qk~v` ehQ pq h[En~vn~n.
b) br\nElQ mEl{r\my vlAgO vn avX&w` lQy` qk~vn~n.
c) X h` Y ynE vQX`l vQv^w jl t#AkQ @qkkQ. ekm vr\g@y~ qYvyk~ t#AkQ
@q@k~m pvwW. BCD wQrs~ nlyk~ vn awr C sQhQn~ nlyk~ vn awr D
v`wyt nQr`vrNy vW a#w. E nl@y~ ek~ @kLvrk~ C nlyt sm|bn~{ kr X h1
B D
C
a#wQ awr nQqhs~ @kLvr Y b[E@n~ qYvyt gQl~v` a#w. BCD nly wOLQn~ qYvy
an`kOl gl` yn awr ehQ qEs~sY`vWw`vyk~ @n`m#w. C hQ hrs~kd vr\gPly D vlQn~ ar\{ykQ.
i) C h` D wOLQn~ gln qYv@y~ @v|gyn~ V1 h` V2 nm| V1 h` V2 awr sm|bn~{yk~ lb` gn~n.
h2
ii) qEs~sY`vW @n`vn wrlyk~ @ls slk` nLy wOLQn~ gln wrl @v|gy V2 s[h` pYk`XNyk~ h1 E
mMQn~ lb` gn~n.
Y
iii) C nly wOLn
Q ~ gln qYv@y~ @v|gy s[h` agyk~ q lb` gn~n.
iv) E nly wOL ihL yn jl k@[~ us h2 nm| h2 = 3h1 bv @pn~vn~n.

(09) r$p@y~ prQqQ jl b[E@n~ B sQqEr wOlQn~ jly 20 mls-1 sWGYw`vykQn~ wQrs~v vQqQn lqW nm| B sQqE@r\ A
@]~s~wYPly @s`yn~n. (A h` B s~}`n @q@k~qWm jl@y~ pWdny v`yE@g`~lWy pWdnyt sm`n @v|).
B s~}`nyt s`@p~]v A s~}`n@y~ pWdny 20 kPa nm| B sQqEr wOlQn~ jly wQrs~v vQqQn nv
0.8 m
sWGYw`vy @s`yn~n. B

(10) r$p@y~ q#k~@vn~@n~ qYv pYv`hyn~@g~ @v|gy m#nWmt @y`q` gn~n`

h1
@vncRrQm`nykQ. m#@n`~mt
W r nl qQ@g~ ihlt gmn~ krn~@n~ GNw~vy y h2
1
v2 x
 2 g (h1  h2 ) A22  2
ρ vR gl` yn qYvym nm| v1    bv A2 v1
 ( A1  A2 ) 
2 2 A1

@pn~vn~n

(11) r$p@y~ q#k~@vn~@n~ qYv pYv`hyn~@g~ @v|gy m#nWmt @y`q` gn~n` wvw~ @vncRrm
Q `nykQ. V
m#@n`~mWtr qYv@y~ GNw~vy ρ h` gl` yn qYv@y~ GNw~vy σ nm| vQX`l hrs~kd@]~s~wYPly
a σ A
shQw nly wOlQn~ qYvy gl` yn pY@v|gy V nm| V  a 2gh      bv @pn~vn~n.
  A2  a 2 

Page 2 of 3
Sanka Munasinghe
B.Sc.Engineering.(hons) University of Moratuwa
 A1 = 4 cm2
2 -1
(12) hrs~kd vr\gPly 4.0 cm k~ vn nLyk~ wOLQn~ 5.0 ms k @v|g@yn~ jly
gl` yyQ. nly qQ@g~ phlt 10 m k~ yn vQtqW hrs~kd vr\gPly kYm@yn~ 8.0 cm2
qk~v` v#dQ @v|.
10 m
(i) phl @klv@rhQqW jl@y~ @v|gy @k`pmNq?
(ii) ihl @klv@rhQ pWdny 1.5 x 105 Pa nm| phl @klv@rhQ pWdny @k`pmNq? A2 = 8 cm2

(13) wrl pYv`hyk~ s[h` br\nElW smWkrNy P + 1/2 ρv2 + hρg = nQywyk~ @lsQn~ lQy` q#k~vQy h#k. @mhQ sQyUm sA@k~wyn~t sEpEr#qE @w~r#m| a#w.
(a) (i) br\nElW smWkrNy vlAgO vWm s[h` avX& ww~vyn~ s[hn~ krn~n
(ii) ihw smWkrNy m`n vX@yn~ sw& vn bv @pn~vn~n

r$p@y~ @pn~v` a#wQ k^mQn`Xk vQqQnyt (insecticide sprayer) vQX~km|xy 60 mm vn @p`m|pyk~ a#w. Q bQhQ @q`r (outlet) nL@y~
vQX~km|xy 2 mm vn awr k^mQn`Xk qQyr mt|tm a#w~@w~ em nLyt 90 mm phlQnQ. A l]&@y~ pWdny B l]&@y~ pWdnyt sm`n bvw~
(a) (i) hQqW ob s[hn~ kl sQyU ww~vyn~t anEv v`wy h#sQ@rn bvw~ upkl~pny krn~n.
(i) Q nL@y~ a#wQ v`w @]~p@y~ k^mQ n`Xk (air jet) qQyry adAgO vWm s[h` @p`m|p@y~ P pQs~tny (piston) wl~lE kl yEwO avm @v|gy
gNny krn~n (k^mQn`Xk qQyr@y~ h` v`w@y~ Gnw~v pQL@Q vlQn~ 103 kgm-3 sh 2 kgm-3 @lsQn~ slkn~n)
(ii) @p`m|p@y~ pQs~tny mw kQYy` krn sPl pYwQ@r`~{W bly 20 N nm| pQs~tny ihw gNny kL @v|g@yhQ pvw~v` g#nWm s[h` ey mw @yqQy
yEwO bly nQr\Ny krn~n.

Page 3 of 3
Sanka Munasinghe
B.Sc.Engineering.(hons) University of Moratuwa