Vision

Describe how the brain work as a computer?

1. Optics: light projection on the inside of our eye ball

2. Photo- transduction: from photons to neural signals
3. Optic nerve : data transfer from eye to brain
4. Cortex: image processing, interpretation, selection

How many degrees is the human field of view?

190

How many degrees is the human stereo vision (overlapping)?

120

How does retina work?

It creates light into electrical signals. The image on the retina is upside down due to lighting
bending.

How many types of receptor cells do we have and where are they located?

Two: rods (which are used for peripheral vision B/W) cones (color), They are located in the
retina

How is the receptive field of ganglion cells formed?

The receptive field of ganglion cells is a weighed integration of receptor cells.

What range of the electro magnetic spectrum is visible to the human eye?

380-700 nm

What is the main fluid in eye gel?

Water 99%

From which parameters is material light absorption influenced?

 Atoms : which absorb photons at discrete frequencies

 Molecules (at much more frequencies than atoms)

Which type of light is passed through water and what is its connection to the electro
magnetic spectrum?

 Water consist of H2O Molecules

 Visible light only
 Water is a band-pass wavelength-filter

Which type of light is passed through glass?

Glass is a high-pass wavelength filter and blocks only UV type of light.

Which are the three types of cones in color vision?

Red-Green-Blue

What is the downside of RGB in compare to the human color vision?

The human color vision can perceive more colors.

Name the three color channels based on three types of pigment code?

 Achromatic
 Red-Green Channels
 Blue-Yellow channels

Which gender is more likely to have color blindness and why?

Men’s because they have only 1 X-Chromosome while women have 2 and in order for them
to have color blindness both X-chromosomes must have a faulty gene

Name the three types of color blindness and analyze their disfunctions?

 Monochromacy: where all three cones are dysfunctional

 Dichromacy: where one cone disfunctions, usually red or green
 Anomalous Trichromacy : where cones have altered spectral sensitivity

Key notions :

 what is the human binocular vision?

 Limited plasticity for optical deformations(upside down images)
 Name the three color channels?
 what is the difference between human vision and RGB?
 The eyes adapt to color intensity yielding color after effects.

Motion Vision

Why is motion vision useful?

 It allows depth perception

 Peripheral attention (attention is focused on dangers and opportunities)
 Figure-background segmentation (can separate figures from background)
 Anticipation of what happens

What is another name for motion perception?

Orientation detector in space-time:

 it allows apparent motion perception

 describe the wagon wheel effect

What are the differences between Parvo cells and magno cells?

Parvo cells: color sensitive, slow, high resolution. They can figure out shape and
color/luminance

Magno cells: color blind, fast, low resolution. They can figure out Motion/depth and shape

what can we say about local motion and object motion?

Local motion is ambiguous and must be further integrated into object motion.

Key notes:

 why is motion perception useful?

 Retinal motion is combined with self motion to estimate world motion
 Motion perception can be seen as orientation deteciont in space and time
 Local motion is ambiguous and must be further integrated into object motion
 Motion perception is color blind!!!

Stereo Vision

What is Stereo Vision?

Stereo Vision is the ability to recognize the depth in which objects appear by comparing the
different of views of the same scene (left- right eye)

How good is the sensitivity of depth at a distance of 1m?

Pretty good at 0.1mm

What happens in stereo blindness?

Stereo blindness is the inability to perceive stereoscopic depth by processing the disparities
between the images from both eyes.

What are the most commons reasons to for stereo blindness?

Medical disorders

Loss of vision in 1 eye

What are the similarities and differences between stereo and motion vision?

Stereo vision is similar to motion vision since they both need two different views of the same
scene. However stereo visions main difference is that depth requires the scene to be static

Key notes:

 How can we reconstruct depth from two different views? (we can do this as long as
we know the relative viewing angles of both eyes)
 How good is stereoscopic depth sensitivity?
 What is the difference between stereo and motion vision?

Paper 1 : Multiple sensors use in order to predict a cue. MLE model is used in order to
reduce the variance among the guessed outcomes. Reduce of variance was successful after
putting multiple sensors to test to predict 1 que (predict the size of an object using both
visual and haptic ques).

Paper 4:

 emotional responses to an environment are context dependent and not dominated

by a single sensory modality
 Multiple sensor modalitys that are well combined can evoke positive emotions
 Multiple sensor modalitys that are not well combined evoke negative effects

All in all the paper did not manage to make a firm conclusion on how different
environmental characteristics should be combined in order to enhance positive emotion.