Tutorial: Number Systems and Equations

TOPIC 1: NUMBER SYSTEMS AND EQUATIONS

TUTORIAL 1 OF 9

1. Determine whether each statement is true or false.

a) Every counting number is an integer.
b) Zero is a counting number.
c) Some of the integers are natural number.
d) 3 Q
e) 8.2525...  Q

2. List the respective number and graph them on the number line.
a) The counting number is smaller than 6.
b) The integer is between -3 and 3.
c) The prime number is more than 3.

 1 
3. Given that S = −3,0, 7, , e, 4,8 , identify the set of
 3 
a) natural number
b) whole number
c) integer
d) rational number
e) irrational number

SUGGESTED ANSWER

1.
a) True
b) False
c) True
d) False
e) True

2.
a) = 1, 2,3, 4,5 . Sketch your own graph.
b) = −2, −1,0,1, 2 . Sketch your own graph.
c) Prime number = {5,7,11,13,...}

3.
a) = 4,8
b) W = 0, 4,8
c) = −3,0, 4,8
 1 
d) = −3,0, , 4,8
 3 
e) 
= 7,e 

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 Tutorial: Number Systems and Equations

TUTORIAL 2 OF 9

1. Without using calculator, evaluate

1 1 1
( 27 ) 3
− −
a) 9 3  27 2
e) 1 2
2 − −
 27  3 3 6 3 3
b)   3
 8  f) ( 0.09 ) 2
3
−
 100  2 2
c)    27  3
 9  g)  
1 1
 64 
9 8
2 2 4
(125)
−
d) 1
h) 3

22

2. Simplify the following expressions.

a) 3n+2  9n  27n −
n
−
1

2 1 c) 9 2  3n+3  32 5
n n
b) 4n  8 16 3 4
d) 5n+1 10n  202n  23n

3. Simplify the following expressions.

2
24 x 2 y 4  1  x x3
a)   b)
2 x −4  x 2 y −1  x −3

SUGGESTED ANSWER
1.
1 e) 1
a)
3 27
f)
9 1000
b) 9
4 g)
27 16
c) 1
1000 h)
d) 6 625

2.

a) 9 27
c)
b) 2n 2
d) 5

3.
a) 12x 2 y 6
b) x5

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 Tutorial: Number Systems and Equations

TUTORIAL 3 OF 9

1. Solve the following equations.

a) 3− x = 243
2
e) 7 x − 496−2 x = 0
1
b) 2 x+1 =
64
f) (4 ) x x
( )
= 4 8x
c) 4 = 1281−x
x+2 g) 2 + 5 = 9
x

−
2
1 h) 3x = e2−x
d) 4 x 3 =
9

2. Solve the following equations.

( ) ( )
a) 2 22 x − 5 2x + 2 = 0 f) e2 x + e−2 x − 2 =
25
14
b) 3 − 26 (3 ) − 9 = 0
2 x +1 x
g) 52 x+2 − 6 5x+1( ) = −8
c) 4 − 6 ( 2 ) −16 = 0
x x
h) 4 − 2
2x
− 35 = 0
2 x+1

d) 2 (3 ) = 3 − 7 (3 )
2 x +1 x
i) 32 x−2 x+1
+ 3 = 3x − 33
e) (3 ) + 3 = 28(3 )
2 x +1 2 x

SUGGESTED ANSWER

1.
a) x = −5 1
f) x = − ,2
b) x = −7 2
1 g) x = 2
c) x=
3 2
h) x =
d) x = −216,216 1 + ln 3
e) x = −6,2

2.
a) x = −1,1 ln 4 ln 2
g) x = −1, −1
b) x=2 ln 5 ln 5
c) x =3 log 7
h) x =
d) x = −1 log 4
e) x = −1,2 i) x = 2, x = 3
1 7 1 2
f) x = ln   , ln  
2 2 2 7

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 Tutorial: Number Systems and Equations

TUTORIAL 4 OF 9

1. Simplify the following surds.

a) 8 e) 32 − 400 + 64
b) 75 f) 28 − 175 + 63

( )(3 − 7 ) + 7
3
c) 180 g)  3 + 7
d) 125

2. Simplify.
a) (
2 3− 2 )
b) ( 2 −1)( 2 +1)
c) ( 3 − 2)( 3 −1)
d) ( 2 5 + 3)(3 5 − 2)
1 1
 11  2  11  2
3. Evaluate  − 3 +   − 3 −  without using calculator.
 2   2 


SUGGESTED ANSWER

1.
a) 2 2
b) 5 3
c) 6 5
d) 5 5
e) 4 2 −12
f) 0
g) 93 / 729

2.
a) 3 2 − 2
b) 1
c) 5 − 3 3
d) 24 + 5 5

1
3.
2

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 Tutorial: Number Systems and Equations

TUTORIAL 5 OF 9

1. Rationalize the following expressions.

3 1 1
a) e) 1 − +
2− 3 1+ 3 1− 3
1
(3 − 2 )
2
b)
3+ 2 5 f)
1 1 2
c) + 3 2
2 +1 2 −1 g) −
1+ 2 3 − 2
4 2 +3 3
d)
5 2+ 3

2. Solve the following equations.

a) 3x + 1 = x − 1
b) 4x − 9 +1 = 2 x
c) 4 x + 13 − x + 1 = 12 − x
d) x − 4 − x − 3 = −1
e) 3 1 − x − 1 = x + 2
f) 3 − x − 2 − x = x −1

1+ 2
3. Simplify in the form of a + b 2 . Hence, state the values of a and b .
(3 − 2 )
2

4. Given that 5 50 − 9 8 = q 2 . without using calculator, find the value of q .

SUGGESTED ANSWER

1.
a) 6 + 3 3 e) 1 − 3
2 5 −3 11 2 − 12
b) f)
11 2
c) 2 2 19 2 − 27
g)
31 + 11 6 7
d)
47

2.
a) x = 5 d) x = 4
25 e) x = 0
b) x =
4 6
f) x = ,2
c) x = 3 5

23 17 23 17
3. + 2, a = , b = 4. q = 7
49 49 49 49

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 Tutorial: Number Systems and Equations

TUTORIAL 6 OF 9

1. Without using calculator, evaluate

a) log 4 64 log125
f)
b) log 1 4 log 5
2 log 9
c) log125 25 g)
log 3
d) ln e2 h) log 1 8
e) e2+ln3 2

i) log3 2 18

2. Simplify the following expressions.

a) log2 + log6 − log4 1
b) 2log3 + log2
( )
d) ln y3 + ln x3 y6 − 5ln y
3
1 1
c)
2
log 25 − 2log3 + 2log 6 e) 2ln x − 4ln   − 3ln ( xy )
 y
1 1
3. Show that + = 1.
log p pq log q pq

SUGGESTED ANSWER

1.
a) 3
b) -2
2
c)
3
d) 2
e) 3e2
f) 3
g) 2
h) −3
i) 2

2.
a) log3
b) log18
c) log20
d) ln x
 y
e) ln  
x
3. Shown

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 Tutorial: Number Systems and Equations

TUTORIAL 7 OF 9

1. Solve the following equations.

a) 22 x = 5
b) 33 x−1 = 7
c) (5 )(5 ) = 10
x x−1

d) 27(
x + 2)
2
= 317 x+24
15
e) 32 x =
4
13 x−5
f) =3
2x

2. Solve the following equations.

a) e2ln x = 9
ln(1− x )
b) e = 2x
−2 x
c) 3e = 75
5
x
d) e 2 = 40
e) e2 x + ex − 2 = 0

SUGGESTED ANSWER

1.
a) x = 1.1610
b) x = 0.9237
c) x = 1.2153
4
d) x = − ,3
3
e) x = 0.6016
f) x = 4.4973

2.
a) x = 3
1
b) x =
3
c) x = −1.6094
d) x = 1.4756
e) x = 0

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 Tutorial: Number Systems and Equations

TUTORIAL 8 OF 9

1. Solve the following equations.

a) 2log ( x − 2) = log ( 2 x − 5)

(
b) log2 ( 2x − 4) = 2 + log2 x2 − 6 )
( )
c) log x2 + 6 − log ( x −1) = 1
d) log3 x − 2log x 3 = 1
e) log 2 x + log x 2 = 2
f) log2 2x = log4 ( x + 3)
( )
g) log 2 2 x +1 − 32 2 = x

h) log2 (5 − x ) − log2 ( x − 2) = 3 − log2 (1 + x )

i) log 2 x + log4 8x = 6
j) 2log ( x ) − log ( 4x + 21) = 0
k) loga ( x − 2) + loga ( 2 x + 2) = log a 5x

2. Solve the following equations.

a) 2ln x = ln 3 + ln ( 6 − x )
b) ln x = 2 + ln (1 − x )

SUGGESTED ANSWER

1.
a) x = 3 f) x =1
5 11
b) x= g) x =
2 2
c) x = 2,8 h) x = 3
1 i) x = 8
d) x = ,9 j) x = 7
3
e) x=2 k) x = 4

2.
a) x = 3
e2
b) x =
1 + e2

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 Tutorial: Number Systems and Equations

TUTORIAL 9 OF 9

1. Simplify the following expressions.

2( n −1)
32 n+3 − 18 ( 3)
a)
( )
2
5 3n
1
64 p6 q −2 r10
3
b) 2
8 3 p −2 q −10 r 2
1
log10 8 + log10 27 2 − log10 5
2. Without using calculator, evaluate .
3
log 6 − log10 5
2 10

3. Solve x + 5 = 4 x − 13 .

4. Solve the following equations.

a) 2log x 3 + log3 x − 3 = 0
b) log2 2x + log x 2 = log4 26

5
5. Given p+q 3 = where p and q are integers. Find the values of p and q
2+ 3
without using calculator.

6. Solve the following equations.

a) 9x + 4 = 5 3x ( )
b) 4x −16 = 6 ( 2 ) x

7. Given 3 + 2 2 = a + b 2 , find the values of a and b where a, b .

SUGGESTED ANSWER

1. 7. a = 1, b = 1
a) 5
( pqr )
8
b)
2. 1
3. 4
4.
a) x = 3,9
b) x = 2
c) x = 3
5. p = 175, q = −100
6.
a) x = 0,1.262
b) x = 3

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