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Ss Lab Manual

The document describes two experiments. The first experiment aims to study and plot standard signals like impulse, sinusoidal, exponential, ramp and step waves. The second experiment aims to perform basic operations on signals like addition, subtraction, multiplication, time scaling and amplitude scaling.

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pooja
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22 views

Ss Lab Manual

The document describes two experiments. The first experiment aims to study and plot standard signals like impulse, sinusoidal, exponential, ramp and step waves. The second experiment aims to perform basic operations on signals like addition, subtraction, multiplication, time scaling and amplitude scaling.

Uploaded by

pooja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 1

Aim: Study and plot of standard signals (Impulse, Sinusoidal, Exponential, Ramp, Step).
Requirements: MATLAB Software
Theory:
Any physical phenomenon that conveys information is called as a ‘signal’. When the
information is expressed in terms of any independent variable, it becomes a signal.
Examples: sinusoidal signal, square signal.
In nature, the signals exist in random form. To analyse these signals and to put them in
proper mathematical form, we compare them with standard signals like Impulse, Sinusoidal,
Exponential, Ramp, Step waves.
Impulse signal: A unit impulse is defined as a signal which has zero value everywhere except
at t=0, where its magnitude is infinite. It is called as δ and
δ (t)= 0, t ≠ 0
∈

and ∫ δ ( t ) dt =1
−∈

where ε tends to zero.


Unit Step signal: A unit step signal is defined as a signal which has zero value for t<0 and has
one value for t>=0. It is denoted by u(t).
u(t)=1 for t>=0
=0 for t<0
Ramp signal: A ramp signal is defined as a signal which has value equal to ‘t’. It is denoted
by r(t).
r(t)=t. u(t) for t>=0
=0 for t<0
Exponential Signal: An exponential signal is defined as a signal which has value equal to
‘e^at’.
x(t)=ⅇ at

Sinusoidal Signal: A sinusoidal signal is defined as a signal which has value equal to
‘Asin(wt)’.
x(t)= Asin(wt)
Description of Functions:

Conclusion:

Result:

Assessment of the Experiment/Assignment:

Timely Submission Presentation Understanding Total Signature of


(07) (06) (12) (25) Teacher with
date
Experiment 2
Aim: Basic operations on signals
A). Addition, subtraction and multiplication of signals.
B). Time scaling and amplitude scaling of signals.
Requirements: MATLAB Software
Theory:
A). Addition, subtraction and multiplication of signals:
The sum of two continuous time signals can be obtained by adding their values at every
instant. Similarly, the subtraction of two continuous time signals can be obtained by
subtracting their values at every instant.
X1(t) X1(t)+X2(t)

X2(t)

X1(t) X1(t)-X2(t)

X2(t)

The multiplication of two continuous time signals can be obtained by multiplying their
values at every instant.
X1(t) X1(t)*X2(t)

X2(t)

B). Time scaling and amplitude scaling of signals:


Time scaling:
It is performed by multiplying the time variable by a constant. If x(t) is a continuous time
signal, then x(at) is the time scaled version of x(t), where ‘a’ is a constant. When ‘a’>1, then
x(at) is the time compressed version of x(t). When ‘a’<1, then x(at) is the time expanded
version of x(t).
Amplitude scaling:
It is performed by multiplying the signal by a constant. If x(t) is a continuous time signal,
then Ax(t) is the amplitude scaled version of x(t), where ‘A’ is a constant. When ‘a’>1, then
Ax(t) is the amplitude magnified version of x(t). When ‘a’<1, then x(at) is the amplitude
attenuated version of x(t).
Description of Functions:

Conclusion:

Result:

Assessment of the Experiment/Assignment:

Timely Submission Presentation Understanding Total Signature of


(07) (06) (12) (25) Teacher with
date

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