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Cell Modification

Apical modification occurs at the top part of the cell through structures like microvilli, cilia, and flagella. Lateral modification is seen on the sides of cells and includes tight junctions and adhering junctions. Basal modification happens at the bottom of cells, such as through basal foldings and hemidesmosomes. Other specialized modifications allow for specialized cell types like nerve, muscle, blood, and plant cells.

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APZELIA ANGEL DURUIN
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2K views

Cell Modification

Apical modification occurs at the top part of the cell through structures like microvilli, cilia, and flagella. Lateral modification is seen on the sides of cells and includes tight junctions and adhering junctions. Basal modification happens at the bottom of cells, such as through basal foldings and hemidesmosomes. Other specialized modifications allow for specialized cell types like nerve, muscle, blood, and plant cells.

Uploaded by

APZELIA ANGEL DURUIN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CELL MODIFICATION

Refers to a process that occurs after cell o Tight Junction


division where the newly formed cells are structurally - It acts as barriers that regulate the
modified so that they can perform their function - Movement of water and solutes between
efficiently and effectively - Epithelial layers
- It prevents leakage of the ECF
o Adhering Junction
TYPES OF CELL MODIFICATION - It anchors junction on the lateral surface of
the cell
o Apical - It is similar to the anchoring junction of the
o Lateral basal surface of the cell
o Basal

Basal
Apical
A type of modification that is found on the
A type of cell modification that is found on the basal surface of the cell.
apical surface of the cell.
o Desmosomes/Hemidesmosomes
o Pseudopods - The anchoring junction on the Basal
- These are temporary, irregular lobes surface of the cell
formed by amoebas and some other - Rivet-like links between cytoskeleton and
eukaryotic cells. Extracellular matrix components such as
- Bulge outward to move the cell in order to the basal lamina that underlie epithelia
engulf the prey - Primarily composed of keratin, integrins
o Cilia and Flagella and cadherins
- Cilia are usually short, hair – like
structures that move in waves
- Flagella are long whip like structures Specialized Animal Cell
- Formed from microtubules
o Vili and Microvilli Animal cells are specialized in many ways.
- These are finger-like projections that arise Red blood cells are specialized to transport oxygen.
from the epithelial layer in some organs. Cells specialized to produce proteins are found in the
- They help to increase surface area for pancreas. Pancreatic cells also possess large number
faster and more efficient adsorption of other organelles needed for protein export, including
- Microvilli are smaller projections a well-developed golgi apparatus and clusters of
- They arise from the cell’s surface that also storage vacuoles loaded with enzymes.
increase surface area allowing faster and
The human ability to move is the result of the
more efficient absorption
specialized structure of muscle cells. Skeletal muscle
o ECM
cells are packed with fibers arranged in a tight, regular
- It is a compound secreted by the cell on its pattern.
apical surface
- Cell wall is the extra cellular structure in
plant cells that distinguishes them from
animal cells SUMMARY
- Glycoprotein is the main ingredient of Apical modification occurs at the top part of
ECM in animal cells the cell. Examples of these are the microvilli,
cilia, stereocilia and flagella.
Lateral modification happens at the sides of
Lateral the cell. The tight junction, adhering junction,
gap junctions, desmosomes are the good
A type of cell modification that is found on the example of it.
lateral surface of the cell. Basal modification occurs at the bottom part
o Gap Junction of the cell. The basal folding and
- It is also known as communicating hemidesmosomes are the best examples of
junctions this type of modification.
- Closable channels that connect the Other specialized modifications include the
cytoplasm of adjoining animal cells development of a nerve cells, muscle cells, red
blood cells and sperm cells. In plants, some
identified specialized cells include the root
hairs and the guard cells.

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