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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

Southern Luzon State University Name: MODULE

College of Engineering Course/Section: No. 1
Civil Engineering Department Schedule: MIDTERM
Instructor:
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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES
The derivative of the function is a function itself. We may consider finding
tha derivative of the first derivative that is the second derivative and the
derivative of the second derivative that is the third derivative, and so on.
Higher-order derivatives are the result of two or more successive
differentiation of a function. For instance, given the function y = f(x) we may define the
higher derivatives as follows:

1. Find the third derivative: 3. Find the third derivative:

y  x 5  2 x 3  4 x  2 y  ( x  1)( x 2  x  1)
dy y '  ( x  1)(2 x  1)  ( x 2  x  1)(1)
 y'  5 x 4  6 x 4  4
dx
y'  2 x 2  2 x  x  1  x 2  x  1
d2y
2
 y ' '  20 x 3  24 x 5 y'  3x 2
dx
y' '  6 x
d3y
3
 y ' ' '  60 x 2  120 x 6 y' ' '  6
dx

2. Find the second derivative: 4. Find the third derivative:

x 1
y y 2  4ax
x 1
dy ( x  1)(1)  ( x  1)(1) 2 yy '  4a (1)
 y' 
dx ( x  1) 2 2 yy ' 4a

dy x 1 x 1 2 2 2
 y'  2
 yy '  2a
dx ( x  1) ( x  1) 2
yy ' ' y ' ( y ' )  0
d2y  2[2( x  1)](1)
2
 y' '  yy ' ' ( y ' ) 2  0
dx [( x  1) 2 ] 2
yy ' ' ' y ' ' y '2( y ' ) y ' '  0
d2y  4x  4  4( x  1)
2
 y' '  2 2
 yy ' ' '3 y ' y ' '  0
dx [( x  1) ] ( x  1) 4
yy ' ' '  3 y ' y ' '
d2y 4 
2
 y' '  y y
dx ( x  1) 3
 3 y' y' '
y' ' ' 
y
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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
d2y
Problem Exercises: Find the :
dx 2

1. x 2  y 2  3  xy
2 2
5. y + x y = x + 2

2
2. (x-2)y = 1- 2xy + x 6. y - a = x + y

3. (xy)3 - 8 = 0 7. (y - a) + x2 = a

4. x + y + (xy)2 = 1 8. y = 2 - (xy)
 Page 4 of 16
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

DERIVATIVES OF EXPONENTIAL & LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

earning Objectives:
The goal of this course is for students to gain proficiency in calculus computations. In calculus,
we use three main tools for analyzing and describing the behavior of functions: limits and derivatives
of different functions. Students will use these tools to solve application problems in a variety of
settings.

Learning Outcomes:
- Determine and understand the Derivatives of Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

Formulas:

Where: u = function
du
= derivative of the function
dx

Find the first derivative.

2
y  e3x  2 x 1

2x
ye 2

1. 3. y'  e 3x  2 x 1
( 6 x  2)
2x
y '  2e 2
y '  ( 6 x  2) e 3 x  2 x 1

e x  ex
y
2x 3 e x  y  ye x  xe y  1
2x 3 (e x  (e x ))  (e x  e x )6x 2
y'  e x  y (1  y ' )  y (e x )  e x ( y ' )  x(e y y ' )  e y
(2x 3 ) 2
2x 3 (e x  e x )  6x 2 (e x  e x )
e x  y  e x  y y ' e x ( y ' )  x(e y y ' )  e y  y (e x )
y' 
(2x 3 ) 2 e x  y y ' e x ( y ' )  x(e y y ' )  e y  y (e x )  e x  y
2. 4.
2x 3 (e x  e x )  6x 2 (e x  e x ) (e x  y  e x  xe y ) y '  e y  y (e x )  e x  y
y' 
4x 6 (e x  y  e x  xe y ) y ' e y  y (e x )  e x  y
y' 

2x 2 x(e x  e x )  3(e x  e x )  e x  y  e x  xe y
 x y
e  e x  xe y
4x 6 e y  y (e x )  e x  y
x(e x  e x )  3(e x  e x ) y'  x y
y'  e  e x  xe y
2x 4
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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
y  ln x 2  1
2x x y  ln ln( x)
2 x 1 2 2
x 1 1
5. y'   7.
1
y'  x 
2 2
x 1 x 1
x x ln x x ln x
y'   2
2
x  1. x  1 2 x 1

y ln x  x ln y  a
1  y' 
y   ln x( y ' )  x   ln y  0
 x  y
 1   y'   
 y   ln x( y ' )   x   ln y   0 xy
y  x ln(1  x 2 )   x    y  
  2x  y 2  xy ln x( y ' )  x 2 y ' xy ln y  0
6. y '  x 2 
 ln(1  x 2 ) 8.
 1  x  y 2  ( xy ln x  x 2 ) y ' xy ln y  0
2
 2x ( xy ln x  x 2 ) y '  xy ln y  y 2
y'   ln(1  x 2 )
1 x2 ( xy ln x  x 2 ) y ' xy ln y  y 2

xy ln x  x 2 xy ln x  x 2
xy ln y  y 2 y ( x ln y  y )
y'  
xy ln x  x 2 x( y ln x  x)

Find the second derivative.

y  ln xy
xy ' y
y' 
xy 2
y  xe  x
( xy )( xy ' ' y ' )  ( xy ' y )( xy ' y )
y' '  2
y '  x(e  x )(2 x)  e  x
2

( xy ) 2
2 2

( xy ) 2 y ' '  ( xy )( xy ' ' y ' )  ( xy ' y )( xy ' y ) y '  2 x 2 e  x  e  x

2

( xy ) 2 y ' '( xy )( xy ' ' )  ( xy ) y '( xy ' y )( xy ' y ) y '  (2 x 2  1)e  x
2 2
9. ( xy )( xy  x) y ' '  ( xy ) y '( xy ' y )( xy ' y ) 10. y ' '  (2 x 2  1)e  x (2 x)  e  x (4 x)
( x 2 y )( y  1) y ' '  xyy '[( xy ' ) 2  xyy ' xyy ' y 2 )]
2 2
y ' '  (4 x 3  2 x)e  x  4 xe  x
( x 2 y )( y  1) y ' '  xyy '( xy ' ) 2  2 xyy ' y 2 2
y ' '  4 x 3 e  x  2 xe  x  4 xe  x
2 2

( x 2 y )( y  1) y ' '  ( xy ' ) 2  xyy ' y 2 2

y ' '  4 x 3 e  x  6 xe  x
2

( x 2 y )( y  1) y ' '  ( xy ' ) 2  xyy ' y 2 2

 y ' '  2 xe  x (2 x 2  3)
( x 2 y )( y  1) ( x 2 y )( y  1)
 ( xy ' ) 2  xyy ' y 2
y' ' 
( x 2 y )( y  1)
 Page 6 of 16
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Assignment: Answer all even numbers. Write your solutions on long bond paper with 1 cm. margin on
each side.
 Page 7 of 16
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Learning Objectives:
The goal of this course is for students to gain proficiency in calculus computations. In calculus,
we use three main tools for analyzing and describing the behavior of functions: limits and derivatives
of different functions. Students will use these tools to solve application problems in a variety of
settings.

Learning Outcomes:
- Determine and understand the Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

Where: u = function
u’= derivative of the function

Find the first derivative:

5. sin e x
1. y
y  sin( x 2  3 x  1) ex
y '  cos( x 2  3 x  1)(2 x  3) e x cos e x (e x )  sin e x (e x )
y' 
y '  (2 x  3) cos( x 2  3 x  1) (e x ) 2
(e x ) 2 cos e x  (e x ) sin e x
2. y' 
(e x ) 2
3.
(e x )(e x cos e x  sin e x )
y  tan x 2  1 y' 
(e x ) 2
 2x 
y '  sec 2 x 2  1 
 e x cos e x  sin e x
2
 2 x 1  y' 
ex
x
y'  sec 2 x 2  1
2
x 1
x sec 2 x 2  1
y' 
x2 1
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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
x  sec( x  tan y )
y  A cos kx  B sin kx
1  sec( x  tan y ) tan( x  tan y )[(1  sec 2 y ) y ' ]
Where: A, B, k are constants
1 sec( x  tan y ) tan( x  tan y )[(1  sec 2 y ) y ' ]
 6. y '  A( sin kx)(k )  B cos kx(k )
y' y'
y '   Ak sin kx  Bk cos kx
1
 sec( x  tan y ) tan( x  tan y )(1  sec 2 y y ' '   Ak cos kx(k )  Bk ( sin kx)(k )
y'
1 y ' '   Ak 2 cos kx  Bk 2 sin kx
y' 
sec( x  tan y ) tan( x  tan y )(1  sec 2 y ) y ' '   k 2 ( A cos kx  B sin kx)
But: y = Acoskx + Bsinkx
y' '   k 2 y

7
4. y  cos 4 t  sin 4 t y  cos ax
3 3
y '  4 cos t ( sin t )  4 sin t (cos t ) y '   sin ax (a )
3 3
y '  4 cos t sin t  4 sin t cos t y '   a sin ax
y '  4 sin t cos t (cos 2 t  sin 2 t ) y ' '   a cos ax (a )

but : cos 2 t  sin 2 t  1 y ' '   a 2 cos ax

y '  4 sin t cos t y ' ' '   a 2 ( sin ax )(a )

but : 2 sin t cos t  sin 2t y ' ' '  a 3 sin ax

y '  2(2 sin t cos t ) y iv  a 3 cos ax (a )

y '   2 sin 2t y iv  a 4 cos ax

Practice Exercises: Differentiate the indicated derivative

1

1. Find y’: y  (2 tan 3 2  1) 3 2. Find y”: 1  y 2  x 2 cos y

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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Assignment: Answer all odd numbers. Write your solutions on long bond paper with 1 cm. margin on each
side.
 Page 10 of 16
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

DERIVATIVES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Learning Objectives:
The goal of this course is for students to gain proficiency in calculus computations. In calculus,
we use three main tools for analyzing and describing the behavior of functions: limits and derivatives
of different functions. Students will use these tools to solve application problems in a variety of
settings.

Learning Outcomes:
- Determine and understand the Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Note:
-1
Arcsin u = sin u
-1
Arccos u = cos u
Arctan u = tan-1 u
-1
Arccot u = cot u
Arcsec u = sec-1 u
Arccsc u = csc-1 u

Where: u = function
u’= derivative of the function

Example:Differentiate the following:

1. x
3 . y  Arc sin
a
y  (1  x 2 ) Arc tan x  x 1
1 y'
 1  a a  x2
2
y'  (1  x 2 ) 2 
 Arc tan x(2x)  1 y' a
1 x 
2
2 a
 x
1   1
 1  a  y'
y'  (1  x 2 ) 2 
 Arc tan x(2x)  1 a a2  x2
1 x  1
a
y'  1  Arc tan x(2x)  1 a 1
y' y'
y'  Arc tan x(2x)  2xArctan x x2 a2  x2
1 2
a
2. y  xArc tan x
 1 
 
 2 x 
y'  x  Arc tan x 4. y  Ar sec x 2

 
1 x 2 

  2x
y' 
 x 
  x2 x 2 2
1
 2 x 
y' 
 1 x 
 Arc tan x 2
y' 
  x x4 1
 
x
y'   Arc tan x
2 (1  x )
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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

Arc sin x  Arc sec y  sin y

5. 1 y' 6. y  Arc tan t
  cos y ( y ' )
1 x2 y 1 y2 1
y' 1 2 t
 cos y ( y ' )   y' 
y 1 y2 1 x2 1  t 2

  1
 1 1
 cos y  y '   2 t
 y 1 y2  1 x2 y' 
  1 t
1 1
 y' 
1 x 2
2 t (1  t )
y' 
1
 cos y
y 1 y2

Find the higher derivative:

x
3. y  Arc tan
1. y  xArc sin x  1  x 2
a
 1  1
 2x
y '  x   Arc sin x 
 a
 1 x
2
 2 1 x2 y'  2
x
x x 1  
y'   Arc sin x  a a
1 x2 1 x2 y' 
1 a  x2
2

1. y '  Arc sin x  a(2 x)

y'  a 2 y' ' 
y" 
1 x
1 2 a 2
 x2 
2

1 x2 a  2ax
1 y' ' 
a 2
 x2 
2

y'  2 a 2
a x
2. a a2
y  Arc tan
x
a
y'  x2 4. Arc sin y  x  0
2
a y'
1   a 1  0
 x y'  2
x  a2 1 y2
a
 (a)2 x y'
2
y' '   1
y'  x 2
a 
x2  a2
2
 1 y2
1 2
x 2ax y'   1  y 2
y' ' 
a 
x2  a2
2
  2y
2 y' '  
y'  2 x 2 2 1 y2
x a
x2 y
y' ' 
1 y2
 Page 12 of 16
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Assignment: Answer all odd numbers. Write your solutions on long bond paper with 1 cm. margin on
each side.
 Page 13 of 16
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

DERIVATIVES OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

Learning Objectives:
The goal of this course is for students to gain proficiency in calculus computations. In calculus,
we use three main tools for analyzing and describing the behavior of functions: limits and derivatives
of different functions. Students will use these tools to solve application problems in a variety of
settings.

Learning Outcomes:
- Determine and understand the Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions
x -x
Functions which are combinations of two natural exponential functions e and e ,called
hyperbolic functions. These functions are related to the coordinates of points on an
equilateral hyperbola in much the same way that the corresponding trigonometric functions are
related to the coordinates of points on the circle.

Limit of Hyperbolic Functions:

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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

1.Differentiate
Solution:
Using the table above and the Chain Rule.

2. Find the derivative of

Solution:
Using the above table and the Chain Rule

3.
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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

source: www.google.com
http://www.cimt.org.uk/projects/mepres/alevel/fpure_ch2.pdf
https://math.libretexts.org/Courses/Monroe_Community_College/MTH_211_Calculus_II/Chapter_6%3A_Appli
cations_of_Integration/6.9%3A_Calculus_of_the_Hyperbolic_Functions

Practice problems:

Differentiate:
1. 2.
y x  sinh( x 2  1) y  (1  cosh(tan 2 x  1)) 2
 Page 16 of 16
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Assignment: Answer all odd numbers. Write your solutions on long bond paper with 1 cm. margin on each
side.