EXPLORE

Lesson 1: PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION

In this section you will familiarize what are the skills you already knew, and analyze other
skills you have to obtain and be able to apply all matters in real world specifically in Information
and Communication Technology.

Activity No. 1
PRE-ASSESSMENT

SKILLS TEST Direction: Listed below

Activity No. 1are some of the most important skills that you must gain in order
to render quality service when you enter the real world of Computer Hardware Servicing. Read the
Activity
skills carefully. Write “YES” if you No. 1 with the skill and “NO” if not. Feel free to answer each
are familiar
skill. Write your answers inside of the box
Activity No.provided.
1
Skills in Computer Hardware Servicing Yes No

I can open a computer case.

I can connect the mouse.
I can connect the keyboard.
I can connect the monitor.
I can apply occupational health and safety precautions while working.
I can remove the system fan.
I can detach the power supply from the system unit.
I know how to remove the RAM from the motherboard.
I can remove the hard drive from the system unit.
I can install the power supply.
I know how to install the motherboard.
I can install the internal drives in a system unit.
I know how to attach RAM in the memory socket.

I can install CD / DVD drives.

1
 FIRM-UP

In this section all you need to do is to read carefully all the topics and apply the skills you’ve
gained through the distinct activities provided in this module. Ok class, let us start.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Policy – An Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
student should know how to behave when working in the computer laboratory, as well as implement a
safe way of accomplishing every task. Safety practices should be learned early and always adheres in
working with any electrical and electronic device, including personal computers and its peripherals. This
is for your protection as well as to the people working with you, and for the devices that you are using.
The basis for this process begins with Occupational Health and Safety Policies.
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where
you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. Health and safety procedure is the
responsibility of all persons in the computer and technology industries. You must identify the hazards
where you are working and decide how dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or modify the risk that
it presents.
Occupational Health and Safety Standards - Each student has a responsibility to their colleagues and
their organization to report and act upon any potential workplace hazard. Students need to be aware of
the type of hazards that are possibly present in their work environment.
Class, these are the different Applying OHS Policies and Procedures in Fire Safety, Fire Exits , Personal
safety while working with PC’s or Computer equipment, and Safety and Anti-Static Rules.
General Procedure for all OHS Policies and Procedures
1. Identify the hazard.
2. Clear the area close to the hazard.
3. Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people from harm.
4. If the hazard is easily and safely cleared, then do so, if not…
5. Report the hazard to the appropriate person (such as teacher in charge, principal etc.) to obtain
assistance

2
6. Following clearing of the hazard fill out the correct documentation to assist in identifying improved
practice to reduce further incidence of hazards.
All hazards must be reported using Accidental Report form. This enables us to track the kinds of
hazards we have in our workplace, and take action where necessary to make it safer for all student and
clients.

Accident Reports
Forms are used to give specific details with regards to the accidents happened in the laboratory during
experiments.
Accident reports contain the following details:
Name of the person injured
Date and time of the accident
Type of injury
First aid given
Action taken to prevent further accidents
Hazardous substances
If the workplace hazard appears to be dangerous to staff and clients and professional assistance is
required:
A. Call the supervisor or manager and advise them of the problem and the urgency of the matter.
B. Depending on the risk it may be called as an evacuation.
C. Follow the evacuation procedure.
D. The supervisor or manager will call in the fire brigade or specialized personnel who will deal with
the spill.
Fire exits - All fire exits should be kept clear of from obstacles. All students have a responsibility to make
sure that chairs, empty boxes or any other type of obstacle are not placed in or near fire exit
doorways. All corridors also need to have equipment stored on one side only to ensure that in the
event of an emergency there is a clear exit.
Fire Safety Procedure - Each work area has a designated fire warden, who in the event of a fire will take
charge. They are recognized by the wearing of a red hard hat.

IF YOU FIND THE FIRE

Assess the danger prior to doing anything.
If it is safe to move assist anyone in the vicinity of the fire away from danger.
If it is possible close the door to the fire area.
Call for assistance. Verbally call FIRE, FIRE, in a loud and clear voice.
Break the glass section of the fire alert call point.

3
 Call to the switch; ensure you know where the fire is, any other details that may be of assistance
to the fire brigade. Details could be size of the fire, cause or type of fire, any people hurt or trapped,
has anyone tried to put it out.
If safe to do so, attack the fire with the correct extinguisher or fire hose.
Personal Safety While Working with Personal Computer
Equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be injured or even killed if you don’t follow
proper safety guidelines when working along with PC’s. The following are some precautionary measures
to take before working with any computer equipment:

 Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance of being shocked or
seriously injured in an electrical accident.

 Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.

 Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on

 Remove jewelries when working inside any computer related equipment.

 Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.

If the designated fire officer is not present, someone quickly needs to take responsibility and:
1. Locate the source of the fire.
2. Locate any people.
3. Remove all people from the building.
4. Once outside do a head count?
5. Notify the authorities.

UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER
A computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of mankind. Thanks to the computer
technology, we were able to achieve storage and processing of huge amounts of data; we could rest our
brains by employing computer memory capacities for storing information. Due to computers, we have
been able to speed up daily work, carry out critical transactions and achieve accuracy and precision in
work. Computers of the earlier years were of the size of a large room and were required to consume
huge amounts of electric power. However, with the advancing technology, computers have shrunk to
the size of a small watch. Depending on the processing power and size of computers, they have been
classified under various types. Let us look at the classification of computers.

4
 Different Types of Computers
Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized as Analog, Digital and
Hybrid computers.
Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital computer because
an analog computer can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses
continuous variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy.
Digital Computers: They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and
1. They are analogous to states ON and OFF. Data on these computers is represented as a series
of 0s and 1s. Digital computers are suitable for complex computation and have higher processing
speeds. They are programmable. Digital computers are either general purpose computers or
special purpose ones. Special purpose computers, as their name suggests, are designed for specific
types of data processing while general purpose computers are meant for general use.
Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
The following are the classification of the different types of computers based on their sizes and
functionalities:
1. Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications such as
bulk data processing and ERP. Most of the mainframe computers have the capacities to host multiple
operating systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can substitute for several small
servers.
2. Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie in between mainframes
and microcomputers. Minicomputers are also called mid-range systems or workstations

5
3. Servers: They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network.
They have larger storage capacities and powerful processors. Running on them are programs that
serve client requests and allocate resources like memory and time to client machines.
4. Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by means of
supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular theory are best
studied by means of supercomputers.
5. Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit it is known as a
microcomputer. They do not occupy space as much as mainframes do. When supplemented with a
keyboard and a mouse, microcomputers can be called personal computers.

Personal computers come in different forms such as desktops, laptops and personal digital assistants
Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The spare parts of a desktop computer
are readily available at relatively lower costs. Power consumption is not as critical as that in laptops.
Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are miniaturized and optimized for mobile
use. Laptops run on a single battery or an external adapter that charges the computer batteries.
Netbooks: They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relatively smaller in size. They
had a smaller feature set and lesser capacities in comparison to regular laptops
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop. It has
a touch screen and a memory card for storage of data. PDAs can also be used as portable audio
players, web browsers and smart phones. Most of them can access the Internet by means of
Bluetooth or Wi-Fi communication.
Tablet Computers: Tablets are mobile computers that are very handy to use. They use the touch screen
technology. Tablets come with an onscreen keyboard or use a stylus or a digital pen.

6
Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of computers was the creation of wearable
computers. These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the study of behavior
modelling and human health. Military and health professionals have incorporated wearable
computers into their daily routine, as a part of such studies.

COMPUTER SYSTEM, DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS

As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the system that runs your
computer and different devices attached to it. Each device plays an important role, without each other
computer system will not work properly.

7
WHAT ARE THE DEVICES OF A COMPUTER?
The physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer are called the hardware
which is composed of different devices attached to the computer.
The following list represents a basic set of devices found in most Personal Computers.
1. System Unit - The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It includes the
following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and
Cards.

Tower Type System Unit

2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the
circuits and components that run the computer.

3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system.
It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the flow of
information through a computer.

8
 Examples of CPU (Intel Core 2 Duo and AMD Athlon)

4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory)- is the computer's working storage
space that holds data, instructions for processing and processed data (information) waiting to be
sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM chips.

Two (2) Types of Memory

a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the power is ON
or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power is on.
When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.

9
10
11
12
13
 Output Devices
1. Computer Display Monitor - It displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The portion
of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen or video display terminal.
Types of Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of displays for use with desktop PCs.
They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).

b. LCD Monitors – Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been used in laptops for some time. It has
recently been made commercially available as monitors for desktop PCs.
c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting technology used in almost every electrical
and electronic product on the market, from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic
lights and perimeter lighting.

14
4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.
Types of printer
a) Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - spays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text
and graphics. b) Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines. Laser printers produce
very high quality text and graphics.
c) LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes rather
than a laser to produce an image on the drum.
d) Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire line at one time. Line
printers are very fast, but produce low-quality print.

15
What is a Storage Device?
Storage device is any apparatus for recording computer data in a permanent or semi-permanent form.

16
17
 DEEPEN
This section allows you to deepen your understanding of the lesson presented. Varied activities
are presented in order for you to have a clearer understanding of the lessons.
If you cannot understand the questions behind activities, please look back to the contents of
your modules as your reference. God Bless you.

Activity No. 2 - Try to answer this form so that you can fill up abruptly in case of emergency.

Activity No. 3
Direction: Identify the type of computer being described in the following sentences and write your
answer before the number.
_______________ 1. These are mobile computers that are very handy to use.
_______________ 2. They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a
computer network.
_______________ 3. They are also called mid-range systems or workstations.
_______________ 4. A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit.
18
_______________ 5. They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relatively smaller in
size.
_______________ 6. A type of computer which is intended be used on a single location.
_______________ 7. They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0
and 1.
_______________ 8. Computers that have the capacities to host multiple operating systems and
operate as a number of virtual machines and can substitute for several small
servers.
_______________ 9. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.
_______________ 10.These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the study of
behavior modelling and human health.

Activity No. 4
Direction: In the puzzle below, look for the 10 hidden computer devices and determine whether it
belongs to INPUT, OUTPUT or STORAGE DEVICE. REVEAL THE PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

19
Write your answers here.

Activity No. 5
Matching Type. Match column A with column B and write your answer on the left side of the numbers.

20
Activity No. 6
Direction: Identify the appropriate term described in each sentence. Write your answers on the
provided spaces.
. ____________1. It is a connector at the back of a computer or other device.
____________ 2. A computer circuit board installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a
network.
____________ 3. A device that allows a given computer to share a data.
____________ 4. An input device that read text or illustration printed on paper, translated the
information into a form that a computer that can use.
____________ 5. The least expensive and most popular network media.

TRANSFER OF LEARNING
This section allows the student to apply what he/she has learned in this module.

Activity No. 7 - Role Playing

You are going to show or demonstrate or just simply tell a special role pertaining to the
devices of a computer and their functions in front of your chosen audience as your judge/s (Parents,
siblings, guardians). Each presentation will be rated using the following criteria.

Score
Criteria Percentage Judge Name:
Signature:
Accuracy (Accurate role and function of a 30%
device was accurately shown)
Costume and Presentation (Appropriate 40%
gestures was used)
Clarity (Clearly delivered each word/ part) 30%
PERFORMANCE RATING 100%

21
 INTEGRATION OF FAITH & LEARNING

Kindly answer the following questions inside the box provided on the next page.

Activity No. 8
If you are going to choose one part of computer as shown below
1. What computer part catches your attention or attracted you most and why?
2. How can we relate to our real life situation now most specially to our spiritual life?

1. System Unit 3. CPU (Central Processing Unit)

2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board 4. Secondary Storage-

22
Write your answer here.

__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES AND WEBSITE LINKS USED IN THIS LESSON:

DepEd
TLE - ICT Learner’s Material
First Edition, 2013
Pages: 30 - 54

INTERNET
1. https://freedomlab.org/can-technology-enhance-spirituality/
2. https://en.savefrom.net/18/#url=http://youtube.com/watch?v=XzNtLvRqNzw&t=30s&utm_sou
rce=youtube.com&utm_medium=short_domains&utm_campaign=www.ssyoutube.com&a_ts=
1594614227.877
3. https://stock.adobe.com/ph/images/id/285284943?as_campaign=Freepik&as_content=api&as_audienc
e=srp&tduid=739a4cdb3180a9abfb6174ee33e72e91&as_channel=affiliate&as_campclass=redirect&as_
source=arvato

23