ST.

VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO

Mamatid, City of Cabuyao Laguna
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
First Semester SY.2022-2023

I. Module No.: 1 Topic: Information and Communications Technology Today:

Development and Commonly Used Tools.
References: Empowerment Technologies (DIWA Textbooks)
II. Objectives:
 State the events that led to the current Technologies, processes, and techniques used in ICT.
 Used internet as tools for credible research and information gathering to best achieve specific
class objectives or address situational challenges.\
 Apply online safety, security, ethics etiquette standards and practices in the use of ICT as it
would relate to a specific professional track.

III. Key Concepts:

A. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) collectively refers to the technology, both
hardware and software, that enable humans to communicate with one another.
B. Evolution of ICT
 The beginning of ICT can be tracked when humans started to use objects to
communicate with one another. There are four main period in history that divide the
era of ICT, namely, the premechanical, mechanical, electromechanical, and
electronic period.

C. Period of ICT Development:

1. The Premechanical Period

- This period can be tracked back thousands of years ago around 3 00 BCE to 1 450 CE.
Human started communicating with one another using words and pictograms curved in rocks.
Then they started to write symbols as substitutes for pictures to depict ideas, objects and
animals. These gave rise to our modern day alphabet.

a. Sumerian Pictogram (3100 BCE) - shows the earliest form of

communication.
- They started to write symbols in stone tablets as substitutes for
pictures to depict ideas, objects and animals.

b. When paper was finally produced from the papyrus plant, storing of
information was revolutionized.

c. Libraries were considered the first data centers in history.

 d. Abacus- first manual data processing device. It was developed in China in
the 12th century A.D.

2. The Mechanical Period

- This served as the bridge between our current period and the premechanical period. This
period started around 1450 – 1840. During this time, the interest in automating and speeding
up numerical calculations grew. The machine driven by mechanical means such as steam and
gears dominated information processing and calculations.

a. Pascal’s Calculator- was invented by Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician

and experimental physicist. A calculating machine that was capable of
adding and subtracting numbers. It had a hand-cracked mechanical gear
system, in which a series of 10-toothed wheels or dials represented decimal
numbers.

b. Leibniz’s Calculator- was invented by Gottfried Leibniz, a 17th century

scientist. It is utilized the same techniques for addition and subtraction as
Pascal’s device but could also perform multiplication and division, as well as
extract square roots.

c. Babbage’s Analytical Engine- invented by Charles Babbage, a

mathematician. It is considered the first programmable mechanical computer.

d. Charles Babbage- is the father of the modern computer.

e. Difference Engine- it was also invented by Charles Babbage. It was designed

to automate a standard procedure for calculating the roots.
3. The Electromechanical Period
- This period ushered in a new age in communication and information. This period started
around 1840 – 1940. This period, the use of electricity for information handling and transfer
bloomed.
a. Telegraph – considered the first electrical communication devices. It
was first device to use electricity to transmit information over an electrical
media. First invented in 1837 by William Cooke and Sir Charles Wheatstone,
The first working model used five magnetic needles that could be pointed
around sets of letters and numbers by using electric current.

b. 1844, American inventor named Samuel Morse successfully introduced the first
single circuit telegraph, which gave rise to the Morse code.

c. Telephone- invented by Alexander Graham Bell. It converts sounds into electricity

and enables the telephone network to transmit it over copper wires.

4. Electronic Period
- It started in the 1940s and continues to the present. The highlight of this period is focused on
the advent of solid state devices or electronic devices.

a. MARK I- was invented by Howard Aiken at Harvard University with the

assistance of graduate students and engineers from IBM.
 Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator- the official name of Mark I.
 It was approximately 50 feet long and 8 feet high and consisted of some 700,000
moving partsand several hundred miles of wiring.
 Could perform the four basic arithmetic operations and could locate information
stored in tabular form.

b. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)- first electronic and

general purpose computer, marked a revolutionary period in computing.
- A big machine that occupied an area of 167 square meters. Aside from its big
size, its processing speed was slower than those of machines used today.
c. Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic (EDVAC) - invented by John von
Neumann, a Hungarian-born mathematician. It employed binary arithmetic and had a
stored-program capability.

d. Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC)- a machine that had

a more accurate memory with smaller capacity than EDVAC.

e. Universal Automatic Machine (UNIVAC)-the major innovations then were the

use of vacuum tubes in place of relays as a means of storing data in memory made the
punched card system and the calculators virtually obsolete.

f. Transistor was invented in 1947. It is electronic device with properties and

functions similar to vacuum tubes, but it is lightweight and faster.
- In 1957, the first full transistor computer was developed and it was faster than
vacuum computers.

- 1958, An American electrical engineer named Jack Kilby was credited for
introducing the integrated circuit (IC).
g. Integrated Circuit (IC)
- A device that is composed of a group of transistors and circuit elements
compressed in a single package.
 ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
Mamatid, City of Cabuyao Laguna
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
First Semester SY.2022-2023

I. Module No.: 2 Topic: Information and Communications Technology

Today: Development and Commonly Used Tools
References: Empowerment Technologies (DIWA Textbooks)

II. Objectives:
 State the events that led to the current Technologies, processes, and techniques used
in ICT.
 Used internet as tools for credible research and information gathering to best achieve
specific class objectives or address situational challenges.\
 Apply online safety, security, ethics etiquette standards and practices in the use of
ICT as it would relate to a specific professional track.

World Wide Web (WWW)

- The system that enables you to access hypertext documents and other files over the internet.

1989 – The technology proposed by Tim Berners, Which a database interface will be implemented to
associate links in readable documents.

a. Web 1.0 or the Read-only Web, wherein the information or hypertext file is
accessed by the user. There were no facilities to interact with it other than to read or
view the content.
b. Web 2.0 or the Read-and-Write-Web, started with the need to interact with the web
pages. User wanted to e-mail Web sites and interact on social networking sites. Web
2.0, enabled user or viewers to edit the content of the files they were accessing.
c. Web 3.0 or the Semantic executing Web, envisioned to be a smarter access of
hypertext files and a version that would enable a wider range of search in a fast
manner
5. The Social Media
- This application started together with the web 2.0 and is used in communicating and
socializing with other application user in virtual communities and networks. The media
platform contains different formats.

*Some of these forms of social media are blogs, enterprise social networks, forums, photo-
sharing sites, product selling and review sites, research sharing sites, special interest groups,
social games, social networks, and video sharing.
Research and Information Seeking

 Web Search engines – These are programs designed to search

or mine the world wide web based on keywords provided by the user.
They return search results such as web sites, files, photo, or other media
files.

 Research Indexing Sites – These are web sites dedicated to complete and index researchers
done by academic researchers, engineers, social scientist, and so on.

 Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) sites or tutorial sites – these are
World Wide Web dedicated to teach and inform users focused on
different areas.

 Employment Web sites – These are Web sites that enable companies to
post job vacancies and also accommodate job seeker by providing a resume-
submission facility.

 Electronic Commerce (e-commerce) – This is a technology that uses

electronic means to trade products and currencies.

Authenticity Verification of Information from the Web

The inherited property of web 2.0 and its later version give viewers the privilege to influence
content or give anyone the freedom to publish his or her own web sites regardless of content.

 Published Author’s Name – publishing the name of the one who wrote the article or
information is one sign that the information is valid, credible, and legitimate.
 Credible Web Sites – Error-Free articles are more likely published by credible web sites. These
are web sites of big international or local companies involved in the field you are searching for.
 Rating, Number of Viewers, and number of shares – A credible article is more likely receive a
high rating or a normally high number of stars from reviewers.
 Reference and related Articles – Most of the credible articles include a list of references or
articles related to the published one.

Online Safety and Security

- Each individual when accessing the World Wide Web is concerned with the safety of his or
her terminal or computer and the information that will be transmitted or received.
 Spam – This refers to the transmission of unsolicited messages from various origins using
electronic messaging system such as email and chat messengers.
  Phishing – This is defined as a software or a program used by an attacker to obtain personal
information.
 Malware – This is the short term for malicious software, which is a computer software sent by
attackers to inflict chaos on a computer’s operation and process.

Government Previsions for Online Courtesy and Etiquette

- The Philippine government ensures the welfare of its people in their ICT experience by
enacting various laws and regulations.
 Republic Act 10627 or Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 – Bullying defined as “serve or repeated used
by one or more students of a written, verbal or electronic expression, or a physical gestures, or
any combination thereof, directed to another student that has effect of actually causing or
placing the latter in reasonable fear of physical or emotional harm or damage of his property”.
 Republic Act 10175 or Cybercrime prevention ACT or 2012 – This law protects an individual
from various unwanted online and cyber acts that may harm or evade one’s privacy or integrity.