COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING AND INSTRUCTION

METHOD OF TEACHING - LECTURE, DISCUSSION

RESOURCES - BOOKS, INTERNET

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE OF THE STUDENT – Students have some knowledge about project method of teaching.

CENTRAL OBJECTIVE :- At the end of my class teaching the students will able to explain the computer assisted learning and
instruction and its application in nursing education.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE :- At the end of my teaching student will able to:

 Define computer assisted learning.

 Discuss about uses of technology.
 Describe the advantages of computer assisted learning.
 Discuss the limitation of computer assisted learning.
 Describe the disadvantages of computer assisted learning.
 Define computer assisted instruction.
 Classify the types of computer assisted instruction.
 Explain the advantages of computer assisted instruction.
 Enlist the limitation of computer assisted instruction.
  Describe the disadvantages of computer assisted instruction.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES

1mnt To COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING Introduce the Listen the Chalkboard

introduce topic by asking topic and
the topic INTRODUCTION questions answer to the
CAL is the systematic control of instruction by question
computer. It is characterized by testing,
diagnostic learning, prescription and trough record
keeping. Computer can give a new role teaching
materials. Without computers, students cannot
really influence the linear progression of the class
content but computers can adapt to the student.
This computer technology in classrooms is
generally reported to improve self-concept and
mastery of basic skills, more student-centered
learning and engagement in the learning process,
more active processing resulting in higher-order
thinking skills and gain confidence in directing
 their own learning.

DEFINITION
ACCORDING TO LEIB
2mnt Define the Explanation in Listening LCD What is the
CAL includes all applications of the computer
computer LCD and writing computer
aid to the instructor in instructional management
assisted notes assisted
without actually doing the teaching.
learning learning?

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

MOSBY'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY

A teaching process that uses a computer in the
presentation of instructional materials, often in a
way that requires the student to interact with it.
Also called computer-assisted learning.

Computer assisted learning is a collection of

experimentation (as in Physics lab to learn Physics)
on the course software package to understand the
concepts and techniques.

COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING IS

INEVITABLE

1. It is convenient and flexible:- courses

supported by computer assisted learning
applications may require fewer face to face
lectures and seminars and place fewer
geographical and temporal constraints on staff
 and students. Students at peripheral hospitals or
primary care centre may benefit in particular

2. Unique presentational benefits:- computer

presentation is particularly suited to subject that
are visually intensive, detail oriented, and
difficult to conceptualize, such as complex
biochemical processes or microscopic images.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

3. Personalized Learning:- each learner can

progress at his or her preferred pace. They can
repeat, interrupt, and resume at will, which may
have particular advantages for weaker students.

4. Economics of scale:- once an application has

been set up, the incremental cost of offering it
to additional students is relatively small.

5. Achieves the ultimate goal of higher

education:- the goal is to link people into
learning communities. Computer applications,
especially the internet and world wide web, are
an extremely efficient way of doing this.

6. Expands Pedagogical Horizons:- the most

controversial argument for using computer
assisted learning in higher education is the
 alleged ability of the virtual campus to alter
fundamentally the relation between people and
knowledge.

4mnt To Discuss USE OF TECHNOLOGY SPECIALIZED Lecture, asking Taken notes Chalk What is the
about uses SOFTWARE IN THE CLASSROOM question board technology
of specializes
technology The greatest value of computer may reside in the software?
specialized ability to provide improved support to classroom
software? instruction, and the variety of software programs

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

for such use continues to grow. The development

of individualized software is becoming more
common. The availability of hypertext, where
Selected words in the text of a document can be
used as links to other points in a documents, has
made such software development much easier.

MULTIMEDIA AND CD/ROM

Computer have integrated learning with
multimedia presentation. Traditional encyclopedias
and reference books have been replaced by
compact discs with read only memory (CD-ROM
Or CD) that contain pictures, sound, and video, as
well as the standard text. Instructional topics
remain traditional, but the delivery is
nontraditional and allows the student to move at his
own pace.
 COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION
Computer assisted instruction (CAI) provides
students with an alternative to classroom setting
and frees the instructor from rote processes that are
better handled by the computer.

INTERNET / WORLD WIDE WEB

The expansion of the internet uses has caused an
explosion of communications. The world wide wed
(WWW) is part of the internet supporting graphics,
audio, video and hypertext links ( the

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

Ability to connect from one computer site to

another), as well as standard text. Access to the
internet, combined with the development of
commercial network providers has allowed
individuals schools, and organizations to
communicate with each other and to share
information through mechanisms such as e-mail,
telnet, ftp (file transfer protocol), gopher, and
WWW.

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS

The development of local area networks (LANs)
allows computer users to communicate with each
other without leaving their location or without the
need of a telephone conversation. A LAN
providers a physical link between several personal
 computers and a mainframe or minicomputer. In
some instances paperless classroom have been
developed using the LAN as a communications
base. A paperless classroom allows the students to
submit work via a computer to a central location
where it is graded by the instructor and then
returned to the students electronic mailbox. This
include speed with which one can respond, always
having a copy of the students paper timeliness, and
increased comfort with software packages that
students may frequently use.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

COMPUTERS AND SATELLITES

Classrooms around the world can now be
connected using technology that includes
computers, interactive television, satellites, and the
internet. The linking of computer technology
through the use of the internet of CD-ROM with
television transmission providers a new dimension
to distance education. This technique has been
used to link university professors to high school
teachers, physical disabled students, and other
students who are all physically distant from each
other.

3mnt To describe Explanation Observation Handout What are the

the writing notes advantages of
 advantage computer
of ADVANTAGES OF THE CAL assisted
computer learning?
assisted 1. CAL is individualized, that is each student is free
learning to work at his own place, totally unaffected by the
performance of any other students.

2. Information is presented in a structured form. It

proves useful in the study of a subject where there
is hierarchy of facts and rules.

3. CAL forces active participation on the part of the

student, which contrasts with the more passive role.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

in reading a book or attending a lecture.

4. CAL utilizes a reporting system that provides the

student with a clear picture of his progress. Thus
students can identify the subject areas in which they
have improved and in which they need
improvement.

5. By enabling students to manipulate concepts

directly and explore the results of such
manipulation, it reduces the time taken to
 comprehend difficult concepts.

6. CAL offers a wide range of experiences that are

otherwise not available to the student. It works as
multimedia providing audio as well as visual
inputs. It enables the student to understand concepts
clearly with the use of stimulating techniques such
as animation, blinking, graphical displays etc.

7. CAL provides a lot of drilling which can prove

useful for low aptitude students and through which
high-aptitude students can be escaped.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

8. CAL can enhance reasoning and decision-

making abilities.

1mnt To discuss LIMITATIONS OF CAL Lecture, asking Listening and LCD What are the
the question writing notes limitations of
limitation 1. A CAL package may be regarded simply as a computer
of novelty, rather than an integral part of the assisted
computer educational process. It may threaten the objectives learning?
assisted of the package.
learning
2. Though simulation permits execution of
 chemical and biological experiments, hands-on
experience is missing. Moreover, CAL packages
cannot develop manual skills such as handling an
apparatus, working with a machine etc.

3. There are real costs associated with the

development of CAL systems. It is expensive in
terms of staff time to devise and program me
effective CAL.

4. Content covered by a certain CAL package may

become outdated. A very high cost is involved in
the development of these packages. If the course is
outdated, the resources involved in its development
will be a waste.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

1mnt To describe DISADVANTAGES OF CAL Explanation Listening Handout What are the
the and writing disadvantages
disadvantages 1. CAL packages may not fulfill expectations of notes of computer
of computer teachers. Objectives and methods decided by the assisted
assisted CAL author and of a teacher may differ. learning?
learning
2. Motivating and training teachers to make use of
 computers in education is a challenging task.
They may have fear of this new device. They may
be unwilling to spend extra time for preparation,
selection and use of CAL packages. It may also
be perceived as a threat to their job.

3. There are administrative problems associated

with computer installation. The problems
particularly related to the physical location of the
computer resources, the cost of hardware
maintenance and insurance and time-tabling.

4. The rapid development of hardware makes it

difficult to select a system before it becomes
obsolete. If a new system is installed by a
maximum number of institutions, they may not
get courseware required for the system and
courseware developed so far may become useless.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES

1mnt To COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION Introduce Listen the Chalkboard

introduce the topic by topic and
the topic asking answer to the
INTRODUCATION questions question
Computer Assisted Instruction (Computer Assistant
instruction, referred CAI) is a set of voice, text,
 graphics, animation, video and other computer
technology in one of the modern teaching methods.
CAI its image clear, strong sense of dynamic,
informative, interactive and flexible
advantage, to help improve the efficiency of
classroom teaching, thus emphasizing the teaching
points, breaking the difficulty of teaching, play a
multiplier effect.

What is the
DEFINITION
2mnt Define the Explanation Listening LCD computer
computer in LCD and writing assisted
assisted computer-assisted instruction (CAI) instructional notes instruction?
instruction activities that use a computer as the primary vehicle
for teaching content or processes rather than one-to-
one interaction with a student.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

computer-assisted instruction (CAI), a program

of instructional material presented by means of a
computer or computer systems.

Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is an

interactive instructional technique whereby a
computer is used to present the instructional
material and monitor the learning that takes place.
 CAI uses a combination of text, graphics, sound
and video in enhancing the learning process. The
computer has many purposes in the classroom, and
it can be utilized to help a student in all areas of the
curriculum.

CAI refers to the use of the computer as a tool to

facilitate and improve instruction. CAI programs
use tutorials, drill and practice, simulation, and
problem solving approaches to present topics, and
they test the student's understanding.

TYPICAL CAI PROVIDES

1. text or multimedia content

2. multiple-choice questions

3. problems

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

4. immediate feedback

5. notes on incorrect responses

6. summarizes students' performance

7. exercises for practice

8. Worksheets and tests.

2mnt To classify TYPES OF COMPUTER ASSISTED Explanation Listening and Flash What are the
the types of INSTRUCTION with flash card writing notes card types of
computer computer
assisted 1. Drill-and-practice Drill and practice provide assisted
instruction opportunities or students to repeatedly practice the instruction?
skills that have previously been presented and that
further practice is necessary for mastery.

2. Tutorial Tutorial activity includes both the

presentation of information and its extension in to
different forms of work, including drill and practice,
games and simulation.

3. Games Game software often creates a contest to

achieve the highest score and either beat others or
beat the computer.

4. Simulation Simulation software can provide an

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

Approximation of reality that does not require the

expense of real life or its risks.

5. Discovery Discovery approach provides a large

database of information specific to a course or
content area and challenges the learner to analyze,
compare, infer and evaluate based on their
 explorations of the data.

6. Problem Solving This approach helps children

develop specific problem solving skills and
strategies.
1mnt To explain Explanation Listening and LCD What are the
advantage ADVANTAGES OF CAI writing advantages of
of notes computer
computer  one-to-one interaction assisted
assisted instruction?
 great motivator
instruction
 freedom to experiment with different options.
 instantaneous response/immediate feedback to
the answers elicited.
 Self pacing - allow students to proceed at their
own pace.
 Helps teacher can devote more time to
individual students.
 Privacy helps the shy and slow learner to
learns.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES

 Individual attention.
 learn more and more rapidly.
 multimedia helps to understand difficult
 concepts through multi sensory approach.
 self directed learning – students can decide
when, where, and what to learn.
1mnt To discuss Explanation Listening chalkboard What is the
the Limitations of CAI and writing limitation of
limitation of Notes computer
computer  May feel overwhelmed by the information assisted
assisted and resources available. instruction?
instruction  Over use of multimedia may divert the
attention from the content.
 Learning becomes too mechanical.
 Non availability of good CAI packages.
 Lack of infrastructure.

1mnt To describe DISADVANTAGES OF CAI Explanation Listening LCD What are the
the and writing advantages of
disadvantage notes computer
1. A programmer cannot cater for every possible
of computer assisted
response and may give unexpected and unhelpful
assisted instruction?
responses to unusual input.
instruction

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

2. A few students are intimidated by the strangeness

of a computer terminal.

3. Packages can become boring if a student is alone

at a terminal for too long. Most packages should
 run for an hour or so.

4. A package will not be appreciated unless it has a

perceived goal and will not be considered important
unless it is integrated into a course to the extent of
being assessed by a teacher.

5. Inadequate training of teachers and inadequacy

of instructional material.

6. The computer fails to appreciate the Emotions of

the students. The emotional warmth climate which
is created by the teachers in the classroom
interaction with the students are lacked in CAI.

7. The peripheral equipment puts constraint in the

ways on which a student can interact with the
computer.

8. CAI fails to develop essential features of

language competency.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

9. CAI is mechanical approach to education.

CONCLUSION
 Computer-assisted instruction improves instruction
for students with disabilities because students
receive immediate feedback and do not continue to
practice the wrong skills. Computers capture the
students' attention because the programs are
interactive and engage the students' spirit of
competitiveness to increase their scores. Also,
computer-assisted instruction moves at the students'
pace and usually does not move ahead until they
have mastered the skill. Programs provide
differentiated lessons to challenge students who are
at risk, average, or gifted.
A good CAI courseware is a perfect integration of
content and form, it can improve the efficiency of
classroom teaching, and please students to
stimulate their interest, and furthermore better
teaching results can be achieved.

TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING STUDENT A.V. EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS

RECAPITULATIONS

1. What is the computer assisted learning?

2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages
of computer assisted learning?
 3. What is the computer assisted instruction?
4. Classify the types of computer assisted
instruction?
5. Enlist the limitation of computer assisted
instruction?

ASSIGNMENT
What is the limitation of computer assisted
instruction?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

TEACHER REFERENCE

1. Anisha Maheshwari, communication and educational technology for nurses, 1st edition, N.R. Brothers 2009 Pp284-289.
2. Basavanthappa BT. , Nursing education, 1ST edition, Jaypee Brother Medical Publishers 2003 Pp265.
3. J.C. aggarwal, essentials of education technology, innovations in teaching learning. 2nd edition 2007 Pp 358-365.
4. K.,P Neeraja, Textbook of nursing education, 1st edition Jeypee Brothers Medical Publishers 2003 Pp272.
 5. R. Pramila, Nursing communication and eduacational technology, 1ST Edition, Jaypee Brother Medical Publisher 2010 Pp 311.
6. www.google.com.
7. www. Ncbi.nim.
8. www.dmi.unisa.
9. www.rsc.

STUDENT REFERENCE

1. Anisha maheshawari, communication educational technology for nurses, 1st edition, N.R. brothers 2009 pp 284-289