A Letter To God it Chapter Overview This chopar is about 0 former's fem faith in God. Lencho is hardworking collec 70 pesos from his coBeogues ‘nd sends aller 10 Lencho with the by GL Fuentes Summary of the Chapter Lencho’s Hope of Good Harvest Lencho was a farmer who lived on the crest (peak) of a low bill with his family. His was the only house in the entire valley. His field was full of ripe com and easily visible from the house. He was eagerly waiting for a good rain to have a good harvest 0 he could earn money for his family. Lencho'’s Hope Turned into Despair ‘As Lencho had expected, it stared raining at the time of supper (dinner). This made Lencho happy. He went outside to feel the rain on his body. The raindrops falling from the sky were like new coins for Lencho, However, suddenly strong winds began to blow and hailstones sarted to fall. The storm continued for about an hour and the ccorn fields were completely destroyed. The field now was covered with snow like a layer of white salt. Lencho’s Firm Belief in God ‘Though Lencho was a poor farmer and had lost all his crops, he had firm faith in God. He found in God his last hope and decided to write a letter to God for help. He asked God to send him a hundred pesos #0 that he could sow his field again and support his family until the new crops were harvested. He also wrote that if God didn’t help him, his family would die of hunger. The Postmaster’s Reaction to Lencho’s Letter In the post office, a postman found the Lencho's letter and laughed after seeing the address on it, He took the letter to the postmaster. ‘The postmaster was kind and friendly person. As the postmaster read the leter, he realised that the sender (Lercho) had « true belief and faith in God. So, he decided to help the sender.To help and keep the faith of Lencho in God, the Postmaster requested his employees and friends to give some money. He also gave a part of his salary. But, he failed to collect hundred pesos and collected only seventy pesos. He, then put the money in an envelope and signed it as God, Lencho Recieves the Money Next Sunday, Lencho again visited the post office and got his letter. Initially, he became happy to see the money ‘but after counting the money he became angry. It was seventy pesos while he had asked for hundred pesos. Lencho Writes Another Letter Lencho believed that God could not make a mistake, So, he wrote a letter again. After writing his letter, Lencho again posted it. As soon as he left, the postmaster took out his letter and read it. In this Letter, Lencho had written chat he had received onk 70 pesos and requested the God to send the remaining + money. He also requested the God not to send the money through post because the post office employees were a bunch of crooks (dishonest persons), who might have stolen his money.NCERT FOLDER (Here we have covered questions given in the NCERT textbook along with their answers.) Oral Comprehension Check (Page 5) 1 What did Lencho hope for? ‘Ans. Lencho hoped for a good rainfall so thar his fields of ripe corn could provide him a good harvest. 2. Why did Lencho say the raindrops were like ‘new coins? ‘Ams, Lencho said that the raindrope were like new coins because with rain his fields of ripe com would luce a good harvest. A good harvest would him in earning more money. 3 How did the rain change? What happened to Lencho's fields? ‘Ans, The rain changed into hail asa strong wind began to blow and huge hailstones began to fll. All the crops in Lencho's fields got destroyed because of the hailrtones. 4 What were Lencho's feelings when the hall stopped? (ces 2020 Ana, ‘When the hail copped. Lencho became sa All his lowering were destroyed due to hailstones. fee chat no one can hep his Fumily and they would face hunges- Pege 6) 1 Who or what ald Lencho have faith In? What did he do? ‘Ana, Lenché had fuith in God. Hi believed that God sess everything and helps him. He wroce a letter to God asking him to send « hundred pesos. 2 Who read the letter? ‘Ams, The postmaster, read the lester. 3 What did the postmaster do then? ‘ns. Afr reading Lencho's leer. postmaster laughed br soon be became serious and was impressed by the Lencho's faith in God. He didn’ wane > break Lencho's faith in God. So be dete” Hae caller money fom his employes and friend alo gave a part of is salary and send it to Lencho on behalf of God. age 7) ‘1 Was Lencho surprised to find 8 letter for him with money in it? ‘Ans, No, Lencho was not money in it. He beli by sending the money. 2 What made him angry? Ans. ‘Phe Lm i ster envelope, he got angry. There were only seventy ie the envelope while he had ask for Eindred pon Thinking about the Text (Page 7, 8) 1 Who doas Lencho have complete faith in? Which sentences in the story tell you this? ‘Ans, Lencho has complete faith in God. Tie sentences which show this are * But in the bears of all who lived in chat solitary house in the middle of the valley, chere was a single hope-help from God. © All chrough the night, Lencho thought only of (i one the lp of God, whee ent he had been instructed, see everything, even ‘what is deep in one's conscience. *# "God", he wrote “If you don’t help me, my family and I will go hungry this yea”, * He wrote To God’ on the envelope, pur the letter inside and sill troubled, went to town. * God could not have made a mistake, nor could He have denied Lencho what he had requested. * Te sad, "God: of the money that I asked for, ‘oaly seventy pesos reached me. Send me the rest, since I need it very much.” Why does the postmaster send money to Lencho? Why does he sign the letter ‘God"? ised to find a leer with thar God will help him ‘Aus, When che postmaster read Lencho’s leer, he realised the firm belief and faith of Lencho in God. He did not wane this faith to be broken and therefore decided to send money to Lencho. To maintain Lencho's faith in God, the postmascer sign the leer as ‘God’ so that Lencho believes that God has helped him.[e334 FOLDER 3. Did Lencho try to find out who had sent the ‘money to him? WhyNwhy not? ‘Ans. No, Lencho did not try to find out who had sent the money to him. The reason wat that he could not believe that it could be anybody other than God who ‘would send him the money. His faith in God was s0 song that he lived shat only God had vent money > 4 Who does Lencho think has taken the rest of the ‘money? What is the irony in the situation? (Remember that the irony of a situation Is an ‘unexpected aspect of it. An ironic situation Is strange or amusing because itis the opposite of what Is expected). Lencho thinks that the post office have taken thera of he many beac He hed eed for a hundred pesos from God. But in the letter there ‘were only seventy pesos. He believed that God could ‘not make such a mistake, So, he assumes that the post office employees have stolen the money. The irony inthe seu i that Lencho supa those jim in his problem. He perp armor arian ry 5 Are there people like Lencho in the real world? ‘What kind of a person would you say he ts? You may select appropriate words from the box to ‘answer the question. Greedy, Naive, Stupid, Ungraceful, Selfish, Comical, Unquestioning. ‘Ans, Yes, there are people like Lencho in the real world. Such have blind faith in God and believe char God will help them, Lencho ina simple and « hardworking farmer who has extreme th n God. Hs ianocent and ave bat | ‘an unquestioning ere Setar anyone uo intend of God ‘would help him. 6 There are two kinds of confilc in the story ‘Ans. The conflict berween humans and nature is illustrated *festruction of Lencho' erop by the hailstorm, by i eet expecting cain Co have a good harvest. Thinking about Language (Page 8, 9, 10, 11) Ans. Ans, whirhwind ‘Nature in the form of hailstones, isin config with 1 human, in che form of Lencho. ‘The story also illustrates conflict berween humans themselves. The postmaster alongyi his friends and sea sent Lencho money that by had asked from God. However, when Lencho recieves it and finds ic, be less, he gees angry. He blames the employes of the post office to take out his money that Go had sent him. He even calls chem a "bunch of crooks’. This shows that man does mot have frig, in man, thereby giving rise to this conflict. I. There are different names in different par of the worid for storms, depending on thei nature. Can you match the names in the box with their descriptions below, and fill | in the blanks? You may use a dictionary le help you. gale, whirlwind, cyclone, hurricane, tornado, typhoon 1 Aviolent tropical storm in which strong winds move in acircle___¢ 3 Aviolent tropical storm with very strong wind ‘Ans. ayphoon 4 Aviolent storm whose centre Is cloud in the shape ofafunnel___n__. tornado 5 violent storm with very strong winds, ‘specially In the Western Atlantic Ocean r, Ans, hurricane 6 Avery strong wind that moves very fastin# Spinning movement and causes a lot ofES 167 of 56 161 'n column A with the (This ‘ ee ) This man cheated me. | trusted him, _— ‘hope’ ‘column B, . ‘ns. This man, wom Listed, chewed ne oO N Fr sentences inthe story with negative - saris, which express the fllowing t oe o ae emphatically, a ues ies et Eeeting (8) The trees lost all ther leaves. Sree © Seite en (oy Tre ltr wa adresed box him, te mye ee tne nfs eavee, oo fre rt ees eae (0) Not ale remained on te wee. hope to HIV/AIDS sulfone tts od ag Conca hig khan met Gd C We were hoping agua pan apen. S (6) Never in his career asa postman had he ‘ Kycenatigeeie Tne meetings thar addtess. = ot notice our mistakes 8 a ‘B ealled early in he ere oe) Vln pairs, find metaphors from the story to = inte ee hereto) serene Complete the table below. Try to say what et choo! ot oflend or dares {Qualities are being compared. One has been ‘note pe done for you. [ee Ohi wead peers © Just when everybody had wishing Obie Metaphor sa | goveie ae ° etitohore ‘Got agp mente Trew oriagmer a | _dgaearkee Seay ho wewe — ee Ans. 1.) 20 30 — 40 $@ 60 a = UL. Join the sentences given below ui 0 Sa whom, whose, which, as suggested. reser apa (© 1often go to Mumbai. Mumbal is the eves many people dead Commercial capital of india. (which). __ eet ‘ae: Tofen go te Mamba whichis the commercial =| ———_*ctamn opin of India. om - (1) My mothers going to host a TV show on thet apr Sages —— Sa Z cooking. She cooks very well. (who) =e — iA. ay who cooks very well, is going to (Cloud Hogemountsins The mass oe"hoguneny of host a TV show on cooking. << are going to meet the "uintop Ca Noy ata pod Ga pesto Tet prt roe = allen. (whose) pinata Halton Frozen pearls brighin of pars Ans. These tubese performance as epidemic ( dias) been exalt are going ro mes the President pian al eee cee () Lencho prayed to God. His eyes 8ee into our minds, ) Lencho Anoxofaman strong ‘Ans, Lencho prayed to God, whose eyes see into our ‘minds. TO VIEW COMPLETE CHAPTER PUBLISHED BY NCERT oi Visit iiesulaoo olSF4adi OR Scan the Code NCERT,, ee Exam Practice Read the following extracts carefully and answer the following questions. 1 The howse- the only one in the entire valley piston the crest of a low hill. From this ‘height one could see the river and the field ofripe com dotted with the lowers that Promised & good harvest. The only ‘thing the earth needed was a good the morning Lencho -who knew his fulde {ptimately- had done nothing but see the sky ‘towards the North-East, (0 How can the house be beat described? (a) Majestic oo (©) Solitary (@) Unique oy ‘What do you mean by the fled of cor dotted ‘with fowerst @) Nota (©) The Dowers were scattered across, (c) The flowers were in shaped like dots, (4) The flowers had shrunk in size, Lencho wished for a downpour or a 7 ‘shower. Pick the option that correctly lists the correct match for kinds of rain, 1 Hewy mala © ah ain 2 Thdewoon pH vere 3 Die (8) es coming down seeguedyoree —— ly < Tenth 6” Ral hay te bomen 3 Comprar o oy Smecaed wit Se adn (a) otha 9-9 045-18 () 1-243. 4-,544 (©) 2-3, 4-1,54 fo ir Leusiv (Uv) Based on the given extract, what is Lencho NOT likely to think while looking at his field? etter To God (Section C) __. 168 of 569 (4) “Thowe too lazy to plough in the fe nae aE eo © (@ Solicary {i (6) The omer were scateped Gil) (@ Ge) (@) Option (4) o (0 *Famingisa prfesion of hope” ae he licked and then ith a blow of his fist the postmen, he letter fell nto the mailbor he anttter went to open it. Iteant “ead: Of the money that 1 cn ni Feached me. Send t through the mail because y (send ittome nore unch of crooks. Lencho.” (0 *..buneh of erooass ‘NOT collate wan toe opton that ma(2) Option (1) ) (€) Option (3 Option (2) letter? AS Secontal (2) Gratitude (3) Disappointment (4) Elation. (8) Shock (0) 2and 5 te) 1anas (o) 2and 4 (aan (ii) Pick the option that lists the opti corresponding to—with a blow of his fist’ oh LT 1 om (a) Option (1) (b) Option (2i) (¢) Option (3) (4) Option () Gv) Lencho's letter included (a) details of his problems. (0) description of the post office. (6) belief of being looted. (4) list of further demands. (9) Pick the most suitable quote for this extract. (a) “It is easier to fool people than to ‘convince them that they have been fooled.” - Mark Twain {b) “Real knowledge is to know the extent of one’s ignorance."- Confucius {c) “You see a person's true colours when you are no longer beneficial to their life.*- Anonymous (4) “True generosity means accepting ingratitude.” - Coco Chanel ‘Ans, (i) (d) Option (4) Gil) (@ Option (4) iv) (@) lis of further demands (0) (@ “True generosity means acepting tungratirude.”-Coco Chanel ‘The following Sunday Lencho came a bit eattier than usual to ask if there was a letter for him. It was the postman himself who handed the letter to him while the Postmaster, the contentment of ‘aman who has performed a good deed, Gi) (Zand 4 OE EE EE EEE looked on from his office. Lencho showed not the slightest surprise on seeing the 169 of 56 money; such was his confidence - but he became angry when he counted the money. God could not have made a mistake, nor could he have denied Lencho what he had requested. (1) Why was Lencho not vy wa ‘surprised on seeing the (e) Becouse he had firm faith in God. () Because he was confident of getting the money. (6) Because he knows the post-office employees. (€) Both (a) and (0) (i) Choose the option that lists the set of sentences that are NOT TRUE according to the given extract. 1. Lencho had firm faith in God. 2. The postman had raised the money for Lencho. 3. The people ot the post office stole the money. ‘4. Lencho was angry on God. 5. Lencho was desperate for help. 6. Postman wanted to make fun of Lencho, 7. Lancho did not believe the postman. (a) 1.2 ands () 34and6 (26 ana7 W i3ends (ii) What was the belief of Lencho? (0) God couldn't make a mistake in counting the money. (0) God couldn't deny what he had requested. () Money was stolen. (@) Both (a) and (b) (iv) Who handed the letter to Lenchot (2) The postman —_(&) The postmaster (©) Lencho's wile —_(4}Lencho's children {v) Pick the option that correctly classifies Fact/s (F) and Opinton/s (0) of the students below. (2) The postmaster: Ihave told Lencho that Ihe was the one who ‘collected the money (1 Lencho was a foe him. ‘poor farmer who ‘was in dire needn1lsnone English tanguoge and Lite 170 of 569 apt Sena _— Wee eees, S&S © “Ke = (a) F-2,3and 0-14 (b) F-1,2 and 0-3.4 ()F2andO-13,4 (4) F-13and 0-24 Ans. () (d) Both (a) and (b) (i) (b) 3,4 and 6 (iii) (@) Both (a) and (b) (iv) (a) The postman W @ F-1,3 and 0-2, 4 4 One of the employees, who was a postman and also helped at the post office, went to his boss laughing heartily and showed him the letter to God. Never in his career as a postman had he known that address. The Postmaster - a fat, amiable fellow - also ‘broke out laughing, but almost immediately he tumed serious and tapping the letter on his desk, commented, “What faith! I wish I had the faith of the man who wrote this letter. Starting up a correspondence with Goat" () The postman laugh heartily because (a) be saw a letter addressed to him. () he saw a letter addressed to God. (6) be saw a letter addressed to angel. (@) be saw a letter addressed to the PM, (ii) Which characteristic of the postmaster is highlighted in the given lines? (a) Fatond amiable —(b) Slim and unfriendly {¢) Stubborn and jovial (d) Short-tempered (iii) Why the postmaster turned serious? + (@) Because he realised that Lencho was asking for money. (0) ‘Because he realised that Lencho need ‘shelp. ‘government’ (€) Because be realised that he had immense faith in God. (@) Because he had an important task to do, Ans. (i) (b) he saw a leer ists the set of Choose the option that lists Oo eeoments that are NOT TRUE according tg the given extract. 1. The man was Lencho. 2. Lencho needed money to sow his crops. 3, The Postmaster wanted to break the man’, faith. 4. The letter was written to an imaginary entity. 5, The postmaster was a very friendly persca 6. Lencho hated God, (@) tends (©) 3and6 (a) 1and 6 yn that correctly classifies i” ee oa Oni (O) given below. @) Lencho has ‘extreme faith ‘in God. (1) 1 thn the — > ‘should have told Lencho; =e (G) The postmaster’s desire to have 0 faith like ‘Lencho fs supid. (o)2 and 5 Ps QO orem smut have bes ‘confased show the lene. (a) F-2and 0-1,3,4 Paz ORiaandO24 Pao (d) F-2,3 and 0-14 Gi) (@ Fat and amiable eco. Gil) (©) Because he reali Eakin Ce faite thar he had immense @) © 3 and 6 ©) @F-2and0-1,3,45 The house - the only one in the entire valley~ sat on the crest of a low hill. From this height ‘one could see the river and the field of ripe com. dotted with the flowers that always promised & ‘good harvest. The only thing the earth needed ‘was 4 downpour or atleast a shower. (@ To whom the house belongs tot {a) Lencho and his family () Lenicho's friends (¢) Lencho's sister (1) Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE according to the given extract? (2) The house was the only one in the entire valley. {b) From the house river could not be seen roperiy. (¢) House was situated on the crest of « low hil. {d) None of the above ‘1 Who was Lencho? What were his main problems? ese 2015 ‘Ans. Leacho was a hardworking farmer who lived on the top of alow hill wid hs fly. Lencho's main problems were ruinfall and locusct {aosen) Fen turned into bail or did noc fll when required, his crop would fil: Further, if plague off focus attacked his crops, he would nor be 0 ‘eam enough ro feed his family, 2 What did Lencho compare the raindrops to and why? (CBSE 2011 ‘Ans. Lencho the raindrops to new coins. He felc chat the big drops were ten cents pieces and the liede ones were fives. ‘The reason was chat the rain would give him s good harves which would get him money in the form of coins, Godt 3 Why did Lencho write a letter to Godt 44, ‘Ans, Lencho Jerrer t0 God, as God was the only hope in bis derpait- His crops had been descroyed due ‘to hailstones, Lencho needed money t0 sow s new crop and support his family cil che next crop. (iil) The only thing that the earth needed was (a) agood harvest — (b) addownpour {c) greenery {a) All of these Uv) senses Promised 8 good harvest. (6) Field of flowers (b) River (€) The low nin. (4) Fleld at ripe com (v) What is the synonym of ‘crest’? (@) Top {b) Foot (c) Base (4) Crown, ‘Ans, (i) (a) Lencho and his family (id) (b) From the house river could not be seen properly. Gi) (b) a downpour Gv) (@ Field of ripe com ©) @ Crown [2/3 Marks each] “The postmaster helped Lencho by collecting money from the post office employees and his friends. “The pommasrer himself also gave part of his salary. ‘Then he sent the collected ancy to Lencho through a letter. It appeared that the God had sent the money to Lencho 5 How much money did Lencho need? How much did he get? Ans, Lencho needed one hundred pesos to sow a new ‘crop and support his family ill che next harvest. Lencho got only seventy pesos in the lerer which ‘war eas than he had requested from God. 6 Why did Lencho not want the money to be sent through mail? ‘CBSE 2018 ‘Ams. Lencho did not want the money to be sent . through mail because he suspected the post office of stealing some of the money that God Tim chrough hele. 7 Do you think that Lencho was right to call the post office employees a ‘bunch of crooks"? Why or why not? ‘Anns, | think Lencho was not right in calling the post office spore bah ofc Tae office employecs did not seeal money from the emer. fc, they had contributed whatever they could and then sent the money to Lencho,166 a ng 8 Did the etter rach Godt Why dd the postmaster send a reply to Lencho? Oe inal ek tsa ew he pment of al ada mag | ‘money as he could to send to Lencho, The i oben ate ei bee and th of ench in od He i a Lencbe's bith tobe broken and hence, wrote a letter from God to Lencho, (5 Macks wy 1 How does the character of Lencho inspire us They were moved by Lencho's faith in Gag a have faith in God and remain calm in © ‘They decided to help him to keep his faith ane difficult situation? ioe hand EN 0 ir ‘Ass. The thitasse of Lancs ts to callec: hundred pesos, they managed wo cole Gaia ee hin teres a ee hem nan oe ‘situation, rf farmer. * .. ‘ Me worked vey har so saponen ‘einforee Lencho's faith in God. their his crops were ‘his act shows us the rue picture of humanity a Set0ye! by he hailsones, he became oe "motivates us to be noble and kind, Repu his Family. Bathe belived that God eg 3 help him in this difficale uncon Describe Lencho's qualities in the of hit Hire iin Gd mad i ogy hen he faith in God. Do you have faith in God ie found aly evens go i ke Lencho? Was Lencho's towards por Freeh Pow ois employees « bused oferraet ae oe Sam UcSetieed shat they ad olen ome ofc ress ‘ms [echo had mary good quai. He wat apt ‘could not rake sich a mista, farmer who fon the harvest 0 Thiel shows his bin bur fom th Ge, cr and Full basic necds of his family Grea Gives him a hope in his despair, aera destoyed due to heavy rainfall sod 2 ‘Liumanity stl exists”, is what one gets to Roldan He anak how hci eet eedlog A Later o Godin which him in this difficulty, oe hepulneas ofthe pow oie sare oder 8 Gos es ced aptly depicted, 3 God Lenche's is almor imposisy its Wiite a, human qualities in Bie L2ute# rm Gi in God Tee nde ; it, in about 120-150 words. Give the like sfc 1 wil noe blindly oC: Paragraph 8 sultable tile. CBSR2012 OModinad) ‘ri tht God had ence mont . ‘Ans. Exineace of Humanity weg 8 dhe par oc englos : Ta goT’A Lewes to God writen by GL Fuentes Blind ke ln inners st . ‘enor our ith inhuman Aer rex seat him moncy nd S0% Peason that God cannot who hep ete go know tha there alae pepe money and only humans can. who help other withou any safc fee shee recieved the money he could ot 8 {ese ton the psomaner and hr por office th pow fh l t ond a ning, lutte an ample of hurmaniy andNelson Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom G6 Chapter Overview Regs wtp by Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Summary Installation of the First Mek as the fine and uphotd iy oat a8 the President of a fiee ication, ‘© the wellbeing of the people. Sseemenienande Mandela Addresses the Guests ‘After taking oath, Mandela addressed the guests. He promised society of hich all humanity would be proud. He thanked the neatonal for Joining the ceremony that represented ‘victory of justice, peace and ‘human dignicy, He promised that he would work to remove all ki ‘oppression and discrimination from cee Poverty, sufferings the society. He ao promalaed thar 00 new ‘city would bring hope, equality and freedom farNelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (Section €) 169 ——————— ee Display of the Miltary Power by South African Jets ‘When Mandela had taken oath, South African jets displayed the military power. It also showed the loyalty of military t0 democracy. The highest military generals saluved him. He recounted thar they would have arrested him many years before. It was followed by the playing of two national anthems. The whites sang ‘Nkoo! Stele the ‘old song and the blacks sang ‘Die Stem’ the new song sxhich marked the end of the ceremony. ‘Apartheid and South Africa Nebon Mandela reminiscences (remembers) about days gone by which will soon be the part of history where the ‘whites had formed a system of racial dominance against the blacks. It was the basis of the harsh societies which isnow overturned. He says that the policy of apartheid (Golicy of racial segregation) created a deep and lasting wound on his country and its people. Now, it is the system that recognised the rights and freedom of all people. ‘Mandela Recalls the Sacrifices of Freedom Fighters 1s the sum of all chose African patriots who d thet lives before him. He was pained that he couldn't thank them. He recalled great freedom fighters like Oliver, Tambos, ‘Walter Siulu, Chief Luthull, Yusuf Dadoo et: who {enerosity. From these freedom fighters, Mandela learnt that courage is not lack of fear but victory over that fear. Mandela believed that the freedom fighters are the real ‘wealth of the country. Twin Obligations of Man Mandela believed that every man has two obligations-one to his family and the other to his nation. He believed that in a civil and human society every man is able to fulfill both of them. But a black man born in South Africa, just like him, cannot fulfill both. In order tw do something for his nation, Mandela was taken away from his family. Thus, he could never fulfill his obligations towards his family. Mandela's Concept of Freedom Mandela remembered that as a child, freedom for him meant being able to do what he wanted. As long as he ‘obeyed his father and the rules of his tribe, he was free in every possible way. Asa student, he wanted freedom just for himself. Then ‘as a young man in Johannesburg, he wanced freedom to achieve his dreams, start a family, earn for himself etc. ‘As he grew up, he starved realising that the freedom that he enjoyed as a child was just an illusion. Mandela Joins African National Congress ‘Mandela realised chat his complete community including him lacked freedom. Then, he joined the “African National Congress with a desire to gain freedom, respect and dignity for his community. ‘The desire for freedom for people as a whole changed his whole life. He transformed from a frightened young ‘man to a bold person which tumed him from a law abiding person to become a criminal. He realised chat freedom is indivisible. Mandelo’s Realisation Mandela realised that he could not enjoy his freedom when his community was not free. He also realised that just like oppressed (torturer), the oppressor (tortured) is also not free. ‘The oppressed is a prisoner of harred, prejudice and narrowmindedness. Thus, both the oppressor and the oppressed alike are robbed of their humanity. Both of them must be liberated.| Comprehension Check (Page 18, 19) 1 Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public buildings in India that are made of sandstone? 2 Can you sey how 10 May is an ‘dutumn day’ in South Africa sang ‘autumn day’ in South Africa when the large number of international leaders in ‘South Africa to insall South Africa's fir ‘hon-racial government. Ic is like an autumn day as it smarks the beginning of a new and fresh human regime based on equality. In other words, i is a day in which the old leaves of trees are replaced by the fresh ones. 3 Atthe beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extragrdinary human disaster.” ‘What does he mean by this? What is the “glorious ... human achievement” he speaks of atthe end? human disses’, demand freedom and did not had any right. The’ human achievement’ that Mande ts cin the end that now South ‘Africa has guined its freedom, a black person has become it President. "isan achevement fo the maion ws cule acl ‘crimination, oppression torture was sction, Now wth he ie non-nlal = ‘ch and every human is enced co cern rights, cedar and equality which was calc denied, ‘Moat does Mandela thank the international seders for? fandela thanked the international leaders for their the inaugural ceremony. Due to cheir the event could be considered as « common ‘tory of the South African people for justice, peace ad human dignity. 177 of 56 CERT FOLDER We have covered questions given in the NCERT textbook along with their answers.) 5 What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa? ‘Ams, Mandela set out cereain ideals for the Future of South Africa. He stated chat all none Alctdca cleo coal tights and privileges. (Oral Comprehension Check Page 21) ‘1 What do the military generals do? How has their atitude changed and why? As. The miliary groels luted Mande 0 expres their loyalty m9 democracy. “Ther ainade has changed from what it used to bbe before the ceremony. Earlier these generals had treated Mandela as a criminal, s0 they would have screred him. “This arid is changed due vo the fact chat Mandela was now the elected President of their country. ‘2 Why were two National anthems sung? ‘Ans, Two National anthems, one ofthe black and the other of the whices, were sung to end racial Bree Iwas done wig equi of bash ces. 3 How does Mandela describe the systems of government in his country (1) in the first decade and (i) in the final decade, of the twentieth century? ‘Aus. Mandela describes the seme of government in bit country a, ) In the first decade of the ewentieth century, sh yin rope South Ay snded this own dilfrnos. They waned» tpren facial domination sie the people of South Africa. The symem they created formed the bass of harsh ‘and moat inhumane societies the world had ‘ever known, A In the Binal decade of the rence century, revious system had been removed forever Icha been ‘recognised the rights and freedoms of Peon, rad ofthe calor ofthe akin, NCERT|2 NCERT Ee All/zone English Languoge and Literature Class jo4, —— EEE 4 ‘What does courage mean to Mandela? ‘Ans. For Mandela, courage did not mean the absence of fear, but the victory overt. According to him, brave ‘man did not need vo be fearless, bur he should be able 10 conquer fear. 5 Which does he think is natural, to love orto hate? ‘Ans, He thinks love is narural, whereas hate is not narural ‘The feeling of love comes to our heart naturally. On. the other hand, we have to learn how to hate, as this Feeling does not develop by itself. (Oral Comprehension Check Page 24) . ] What ‘twin obligations’ does Mandela mention? (Or What, according to Nelson Mandela, are a ‘man’s twin obligations? ‘CBSE 2019 obligations. The first obligation is to look after his family, parents, wife and children. The second obligation is to serve his people, his community and his country. 2 What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy, and as a student? How does he contrast these “transitory freedoms’ with ‘the basic and honourable freedoms'? ‘Ans. Asa boy, for Mandela ‘being free’ did not have: ‘meaning she chough he was bor fe, He wat fee todo the liked. He beliewed that as long 2s he ‘obeyed his father and the rules of his tribe, he was free in every way. ‘Asa student, Mandela realised that the freedoms chat eesti sid neces Menon al bet ‘ot free. Then, he wanved the temy endo dhs ceed ol fori own He waned out ar night, aa gp wherever he waned, Pleased ‘Mandela contrasts these ‘transitory fr 2th Mie tapi and honorable renomn. Now, he waned to achieve his povential, ean his money, And his family. These fresdoms unlike dhe wanciory freedoms revolved around himself as well a5 che of his community. This freedom existed without any- racial discrimination. 3 Does Mandela think the oppressor is Why/ Why not? Breet ‘Ans. Mandela docs not feel that the oppressor is free. He thinks that the oppressoe isa prisoner of hatred. He is locked behind the bars of prejudice and ‘narrow-mindedness. He feels that both the a: ‘and the oppressed lack humanity. Sept Thinking about fhe Text (Page 24) ‘1 Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the inauguration? What did it signify the triumph off ‘Ane. lege nner of inematina lade ae the inauguration to i respects to: freodom of South Abie Ie signified the triumph of the people over discrimination and oppression. It also tignifed the recognition of human equality. 2 What does Mandela mean when he says he is "simply the sum of all those African Patriots” who had gone before him? Ans. When Mandela says he is ‘simply che sum of all those Aftican Patriots’, he means that he sepresents the ideals and the dreams for which she Hon penta eile ches rc. Thee i Mi eal Spa omar and ‘sooperation ‘supported him in his journey 1 get South Africa free. In other words, athe new President of the nation, he represented the vision of all Afvican freedom 3 Would you agree that the ‘depths of Oppression’ create ‘heights of character? How does Mandela illustrate this? Can ‘You add your own examples to thisNelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (Section C) ‘As he grew up, he realised that freedom enjoyed as young boy was just en led Infact, he did not have any Now he developed a desire to gain freedom. When he was ‘student the freedom was just for himself but soon he wanted freedom for his community, ‘Mandela slowly realised char not. ‘his bur the ceria frcdom of all lacks was, (deprived). With chis ling, he developed a hunger for freedom of his people and stated working it 5 How did Mandela's ‘hunger for freedom’ change his life? ‘Ans. When Mandela realised that the entire Black community lacked freedom, his life changed. A “hunger for freedom of his people to live a life of respect and digniry transformed him. Thinking about Language (Page 24, 25, 26) |. There are nouns in the text (formation, goverment) which are formed from the corresponding verbs (farm, govem) by Sr iho speng of oe vero neu change in the spelling of some verb - pairs : such as rebel, rebellion; constitute. ‘constitution. 1 Make a list of such pairs of nouns and verbs in the text. Noun, Veto Reaiton__sebst____ ‘conatition | it ih | ' ‘Ans, () This means thac Mr Si ‘personalities as 2 Read the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks ‘with the noun forms of the verbs in brackets. Martin Luther King's (contribute) to our history as an outstanding leader ‘began when he came to the (assist) of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her ‘seat on a bus to a white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to Positions of second class citizenship by Testrictive laws and customs. To break these system. Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent ....nn (resist) to racial injustice. ‘Ans, Martin Luther King's contribution (contribuee) co ‘our history as an outstanding. when he ‘ame to the assistance (assist) of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus wo a whive pamenger. In chose days American Blacks ‘were confined to postions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean subjugation (subjugare) and humiliation (humiliate) by the police ‘and the legal system. ‘imprisonment (imprison) and sometimes death ewaited those who defied the Sywcem. Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent resistance (resist) 19 racial injustice. II. Here are some more examples of ‘the’ used with proper names. Try to say what these sentences mean. (You may consult a dictionary i you wish. Look at the entry for the’) () Mr Singh reguiarty invites the Amitabh Bachchan end the Shahrukh Khan to his, parties. (® Many people think that Madhuri Dit is the Madhubala of our times. (Wi) History is not only the story of the Alexanders, the Napoleons and the Hitlers, but of ordinary people as well, regularly invites famous ‘of the calibre of Amitabh Bachchan ‘and Shahrukh Khan to his parties. i) This means that Madhuri Dixit is compared to a Jandmark in acting in the form of legendary actress Madbubala, (li) This means that history is not only the story of the great ‘and leaders such as Alexander, Napoleon and Hitler, but also of ordinary people. 173 NCERT