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Combustion

This document contains 31 questions related to combustion fundamentals including: - Definitions of terms like air-fuel ratio and dew point temperature - Combustion calculations for fuels like propane and ethane - Determining excess air and required air for fuel-air mixtures - Heating values, enthalpy of combustion, and adiabatic flame temperature - Entropy, exergy, and combustion process calculations

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Abotaleb Esaid
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132 views

Combustion

This document contains 31 questions related to combustion fundamentals including: - Definitions of terms like air-fuel ratio and dew point temperature - Combustion calculations for fuels like propane and ethane - Determining excess air and required air for fuel-air mixtures - Heating values, enthalpy of combustion, and adiabatic flame temperature - Entropy, exergy, and combustion process calculations

Uploaded by

Abotaleb Esaid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1- What is the air–fuel ratio? How is it related to the fuel–air ratio?

2- What does the dew-point temperature of the product gases represent? How is
it determined?
3- Are complete combustion and theoretical combustion identical? If not, how
do they differ?
4- Propane fuel (C3H8) is burned in the presence of air. Assuming that the
combustion is theoretical—that is, only nitrogen (N2), water vapor (H2O),
and carbon dioxide (CO2) are present in the products—determine (a) the mass
fraction of carbon dioxide and (b) the mole and mass fractions of the water
vapor in the products.
5- In a combustion chamber, ethane (C2H6) is burned at a rate of 8 kg/h with air
that enters the combustion chamber at a rate of 176 kg/h. Determine the
percentage of excess air used during this process. Answer: 37 percent
6- A fuel mixture of 60 percent by mass methane (CH4) and 40 percent by mass
ethanol (C2H6O), is burned completely with theoretical air. If the total flow
rate of the fuel is 10 kg/s, determine the required flow rate of air. Answer: 139
kg/s
7- n-Octane (C8H18) is burned with 60 percent excess air with 15 percent of the
carbon in the fuel forming carbon monoxide. Calculate the mole fractions of
the products and the dew-point temperature of the water vapor in the products
when the products are at 1 atm pressure. Answers: 0.0678 (CO2), 0.0120
(CO), 0.0897 (H2O), 0.0808 (O2), 0.7498 (N2), 44.08C
8- Methyl alcohol (CH3OH) is burned with 100 percent excess air. During the
combustion process, 60 percent of the carbon in the fuel is converted to CO2
and 40 percent is converted to CO. Write the balanced reaction equation and
determine the air-fuel ratio.

9- A certain coal has the following analysis on a mass basis: 82 percent C, 5


percent H2O, 2 percent H2, 1 percent O2, and 10 percent ash. The coal is
burned with 50 percent excess air. Determine the air–fuel ratio. Answer: 15.4
kg air/ kg coal
10- What is enthalpy of formation? How does it differ from the enthalpy of
combustion?
11- What are the higher and the lower heating values of a fuel? How do they
differ? How is the heating value of a fuel related to the enthalpy of
combustion of that fuel?
12- The h8f of N2 is listed as zero. Does this mean that N2 contains no chemical
energy at the standard reference state?
13- Which contains more chemical energy, 1 kmol of H2 or 1 kmol of H2O?
14- Determine the enthalpy of combustion of methane (CH4) at 258C and 1 atm,
using the enthalpy of formation data from Table A–26. Assume that the water
in the products is in the liquid form. Compare your result to the value listed
in Table A–27. Answer: 2890,330 kJ/kmol
15- Calculate the HHV and LHV of liquid propane fuel (C3H8). Compare your
results with the values in Table A-27.
16- Calculate the higher and lower heating values of a coal from Illinois which
has an ultimate analysis (by mass) as 67.40 percent C, 5.31 percent H2, 15.11
percent O2, 1.44 percent N2, 2.36 percent S, and 8.38 percent ash (non-
combustibles). The enthalpy of formation of SO2 is 2297,100 kJ/kmol.
Answers: 32,650 kJ/kg, 31,370 kJ/kg
17- Consider a complete combustion process during which both the reactants and
the products are maintained at the same state. Combustion is achieved with
(a) 100 percent theoretical air, (b) 200 percent theoretical air, and (c) the
chemically correct amount of pure oxygen. For which case will the amount
of heat transfer be the highest? Explain.
18- Consider a complete combustion process during which the reactants enter the
combustion chamber at 208C and the products leave at 7008C. Combustion
is achieved with (a) 100 percent theoretical air, (b) 200 percent theoretical
air, and (c) the chemically correct amount of pure oxygen. For which case
will the amount of heat transfer be the lowest? Explain.
19- Hydrogen (H2) is burned completely with the stoichiometric amount of air
during a steady-flow combustion process. If both the reactants and the
products are maintained at 258C and 1 atm and the water in the products
exists in the liquid form, determine the heat transfer from the combustion
chamber during this process. What would your answer be if combustion were
achieved with 50 percent excess air?
20- Diesel fuel (C12H26) at 258C is burned in a steady flow combustion chamber
with 20 percent excess air that also enters at 258C. The products leave the
combustion chamber at 500 K. Assuming combustion is complete, determine
the required mass flow rate of the diesel fuel to supply heat at a rate of 2000
kJ/s. Answer: 49.5 g/s
21- Gaseous E10 fuel is 10 percent ethanol (C2H6O) and 90 percent octane
(C8H18) on a kmol basis. This fuel is burned with 110 percent theoretical air.
During the combustion process, 90 percent of the carbon in the fuel is
converted to CO2 and 10 percent is converted to CO. Determine
(a) the balanced combustion equation,
(b) the dew-point temperature of the products, in 8C, for a product pressure
of 100 kPa,
(c) the heat transfer for the process, in kJ, after 2.5 kg of fuel are burned and
the reactants and products are at 258C with the water in the products
remaining a gas, and
(d) the relative humidity of atmospheric air for the case where the
atmospheric air is at 258C and 100 kPa and the products are found to contain
9.57 kmol of water vapor per kmol of fuel burned.

22- To supply heated air to a house, a high-efficiency gas furnace burns gaseous
propane (C3H8) with a combustion efficiency of 96 percent. Both the fuel
and 140 percent theoretical air are supplied to the combustion chamber at
258C and 100 kPa, and the combustion is complete. Because this is a high-
efficiency furnace, the product gases are cooled to 258C and 100 kPa before
leaving the furnace. To maintain the house at the desired temperature, a heat
transfer rate of 31,650 kJ/h is required from the furnace. Determine the
volume of water condensed from the product gases per day. Answer: 8.7
L/day
23- A fuel is completely burned first with the stoichiometric amount of air and
then with the stoichiometric amount of pure oxygen. For which case will the
adiabatic flame temperature be higher?
24- A fuel at 258C is burned in a well-insulated steady flow combustion chamber
with air that is also at 258C. Under what conditions will the adiabatic flame
temperature of the combustion process be a maximum?
25- Estimate the adiabatic flame temperature of an acetylene (C2H2) cutting
torch, in 8C, which uses a stoichiometric amount of pure oxygen. Answer:
88508C
26- Octane gas (C8H18) at 258C is burned steadily with 30 percent excess air at
258C, 1 atm, and 60 percent relative humidity. Assuming combustion is
complete and adiabatic, calculate the exit temperature of the product gases.
27- Methane (CH4) is burned with 200 percent excess air in an adiabatic constant
volume container. Initially, air and methane are at 1 atm and 258C. Assuming
complete combustion, determine the final pressure and temperature of the
combustion products. Answers: 474 kPa, 1393 K
28- Express the increase of entropy principle for chemically reacting systems.
29- How are the absolute entropy values of ideal gases at pressures different from
1 atm determined?
30- Liquid octane (C8H18) enters a steady-flow combustion chamber at 258C
and 1 atm at a rate of 0.25 kg/min. It is burned with 50 percent excess air that
also enters at 258C and 1 atm. After combustion, the products are allowed to
cool to 258C. Assuming complete combustion and that all the H2O in the
products is in liquid form, determine (a) the heat transfer rate from the
combustion chamber, (b) the entropy generation rate, and (c) the exergy
destruction rate. Assume that T0 5 298 K and the products leave the
combustion chamber at 1 atm pressure.
31- Liquid propane (C3H8) enters a steady-flow combustion chamber at 258C
and 1 atm at a rate of 0.4 kg/min where it is mixed and burned with 150
percent excess air that enters the combustion chamber at 128C. If the
combustion products leave at 1200 K and 1 atm, determine (a) the mass flow
rate of air, (b) the rate of heat transfer from the combustion chamber, and (c)
the rate of entropy generation during this process. Assume T0 5 258C.
Answers: (a) 15.7 kg/min, (b) 1732 kJ/min, (c) 34.2 kJ/min·K

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