11/10/2023, 11:11 CBSE Class 10 Real Numbers Worksheet - Physics Wallah 11/10/2023, 11:11 CBSE Class 10 Real Numbers

11/10/2023, 11:11 CBSE Class 10 Real Numbers Worksheet - Physics Wallah

CLASSIFICATION OF NUMBERS:
Even Numbers: A natural number is said to be even if it is multiple of 2
or it is divisible by 2.

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 ……. are examples of even numbers.

Home / Real Numbers Odd Numbers: A natural number is said to be odd, if it is not even or if
it is not divisible by 2.

REAL NUMBERS 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ………. are examples of odd natural numbers.

Real Numbers of Class 10 Consecutive Numbers: A series of natural numbers each differing by
one is called consecutive numbers.
The totality of rational numbers and irrational numbers is called the
real numbers. i.e. rational numbers and irrational numbers taken 50, 51, 52, 53 are consecutive numbers.
together are called Real Numbers.
Prime Number: A natural number is said to be prime if it has only two
Every real-number is either a rational number or an different (distinct) factors namely one and itself. We say 4 and 9 are
irrational number. not prime whereas 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 are prime numbers.
A real number which is not rational is called an
irrational number. 1 is not a prime number
The only even prime number is 2.
DIVISIBILITY RELATION: The smallest prime number is 2.
All prime numbers are odd except 2.
If ‘a’ is divisible by b then we write it as b | a (b divides a)
Twin-prime: A pair of prime numbers is said to be twin-prime if they
b is a factor of a e.g. 2 is a factor of 10 (10 = 2 x 5)
differ by 2.
b is a divisor of a .e.g. 3 is a divisor of 24 (24 = 3 × 8)
a is multiple of b e.g. 15 is multiple of 5 (15 = 3 x 5) For example (3, 5), (11, 13), (17, 19), (29, 31), (29, 31), (41, 43), (71, 73) are all
twin-prime.
A non-zero integer ‘a’ is said to divide an integer ‘b’ if there exists an
integer c such that Composite Number: A natural number is said to be composite if it has
b = ac. at least three different factors. 4, 6, 12, are all composite numbers.

The integer ‘a’ is called the dividend, integer ‘b’ is known as the divisor
1 is not a composite number.
and integer ‘c’ is known as the quotient.
4 is the smallest composite number.
1 is neither prime nor composite.
If a and c are non-zero integers and b, d are any two
integers, then
Co-prime: A pair of numbers is said to be co-prime if the numbers
a | b and c | d ⇒ ac | bd have no common factor other than one.
ac | bc ⇒ a | b
i.e., Two numbers are said to be co-prime if and only if their highest
If a divides b, then we can write a divides – b and – a common factor is 1.
divides b. It is therefore appropriate if we consider positive
i.e., Two numbers are co-prime or relatively prime if there is no factor
divisors of positive integers only.
common to them except 1.

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e.g. The pairs of number (2, 3), (5, 9), (7, 13), (12, 17), (12, 35), (63, 26), (162, 3 3
⇒ x = (3q + 1)
35), ………. are co-prime and the pairs of numbers (4, 6), (45, 65), (25,
125), (60, 75) are not co-prime. ⇒ x3 = 2q3 + 27q2 + 9q + 1

Perfect Number: A number is said to be perfect if it is equal to the sum ⇒ x3 = 9q (3q2 + 3q + 1) + 1

of its factors other than itself.
⇒ x3 = 9m + 1, where m = q (3q2 + 3q + 1).
e.g. 6 = (1 + 2 + 3); 28 = (1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14) therefore 6 and 28 are perfect
Case - III when x = 3q + 2
numbers.
⇒ x3 = (3q + 2)3
EUCLID’S DIVISION LEMMA:
⇒ x3 = 27q3 + 54q2 + 36q + 8
Let ‘a’ and ‘b’ be any two positive integers. Then, there exists unique
integers ‘q’ and ‘r’ such that a = b + r, where 0 ≤ r b. If b|a, than r = 0. ⇒ x3 = 9q(3q2 + 6q + 4) + 8

If a = bq + r, then every common divisor of a and b is a ⇒ x3 = 9m + 8, where m = 3q2 + 6q + 4)

common divisor of b and r also.
Hence, x3 is either of the form 9m of 9m + 1 or 9m + 8.

1. Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 6q + 1 or, 6q + 3 or, 3. Use Euclid’s Division Algorithm to show that the square of any
6q + 5, where q is some integer. positive integer is either of the form 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m.

Sol. Let ‘a’ be any positive integer and b = 6. Then, by Euclid’s division Sol. Let x be any positive integer
lemma there exists integers ’a’ and ‘r’ such that
Taking a = x and b = 3. So x may be either
a = 6q + r, where 0 ≤ r < 6.
for [by division algorithm]
⇒ a = 6q or, a = 6q + 1 or, a = 6q + 2 or, a = 6a + 3 or, a = 6q + 4 or, a =
⇒ [taking ]
6q + 5.
⇒ [taking ]
[∴0 ≤ r < 6 ⇒ r = 0, 1,2,3,4,5]
also
⇒ a = 6q + 1 or, a = 6q + 3 or, a = 6q + 5.
[taking ]
[∴a is an odd integer, ∴ 6q, a 6q + 2, a ≠ 6q + 4]
Thus, we see that x2 may be of the form either 3 m or 3m + 1 for some
Hence, any odd integer is of the form 6q + 1 or, 6q + 3 or, 6q + 5.
integer m.
2. Use Euclid’s Division Lemma to show that the cube of any positive
integer is of the form 9m, 9m + 1 or 9 m + 8, for some integer q. EUCLID’S DIVISION ALGORITHM:
If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are positive integers such that a = bq + r, then every
Sol. Let x be any positive integer. Then, it is of the form 3q or, 3q + 1 or,
common divisor of ‘a’ and ‘b’ is a common divisor of ‘b’ and ‘r’ and
3 + 2.
vice-versa.
Case - I When x = 3q
To obtain the HCF of two positive integers, say c and d, with c > d,
3 3 3
⇒ x3 = (3q) = 27q = 9(3q ) = 9m, where m = 9q 3 follow the steps below:

Case - II when x = 3q + 1

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Step 1: Apply Euclid's division lemma, to c and d. So, we find whole 15625 = 625 × 25 + 0
numbers, q and r such that c = dq + r, 0 ≤ r < d.
So, the H.C.F. of 625 and 15625 is 625.
Step 2 : If r = 0, d is the HCF of c and d. If r ≠ 0. If r ≠ 0, apply the
division lemma to d and r. Hence, H.C.F. of 625, 3125 and 15625 is 625.
Step 3 : Write d = er + r1 where 0 < r-1 < r
Step 4 : Continue the process till the remainder is zero. The divisor Hence, the required number is 625.
at this stage will be the required HCF.
3. Show that only one of the numbers (n + 2), n and (n + 4) is divisible
To find HCF of 575 and 15. Let us use Euclid’s algorithm by 3.

575 = 15 × 38 + 5 Sol. Let n be any positive integer.

Now, consider 15 and 5 and applying Euclid’s algorithm again. On dividing n by 3, let q be the quotient and r be the remainder.

15 = 5 × 3 + 0 Then, by Euclid’s division lemma, we have

Here, the remainder is zero. n = 3q + r where 0 ≤ r < 3

∴ HCF of 15 and 5 is 5. ⇒ n = 3q + r where r = 0,1 or 2

∴ HCF of 575 and 15 is also 5. ⇒ n = 3q (where r = 0), n = 3q +1 (when r = 1

1. Find the HCF of 128, 240 using Euclid’s Division Algorithm. and n = 3q +2 (when r = 2)

Sol. 240 = 128 × 1 + 112 The following table shows the divisibility of n, n + 2 and n + 4 by 3.

128 = 112 × 1 + 16 Positive

N n+2 n+4
integer (n)
112 = 16 × 7 + 0 → Remainder is zero.
(3q) + 4
HCF of 112 and 16 is 16. When n = 3q 3q (3q) + 2
= 3(q + 1) + 1
HCF of 240 and 128 is 16. Case 1: Leaves Leaves
2. What is the largest number that divides 626, 3127 and 15628 and Division by 3 Divisible remainder 2 remainder 1 ∴
leaves remainders of 1, 2 and 3 respectively. ∴ not divisible not divisible

Sol. Clearly, the required number is the H.C.F. of the number 626 - 1 = When n = 3q + (3q + 1) + 2 (3q + 1) + 4
3q + 1
625, 3127 - 2 3125 and 15628 – 3 = 15625. 1 = 3(q + 1) = 3(q + 1) +2

Case 2:
15628 – 3 = 15625. Leaves Leaves
Division by 3 remainder 1 divisible remainder 2 ∴
Using Euclid’s division lemma to find the H.C.F. of 625 and 3125.
∴ not divisible not divisible
3125 = 625 × 5 + 0
Case 3: When n = 3q + (3q + 2) + 2 (3q + 2) + 4
3q + 2
Clearly, H.C.F. of 625 and 3125 is 625. 2 = 3(q + 1) + 1 = 3(q + 2)

Now, H.C.F. of 625 and 15625 Division by 3 leaves Leaves divisible

remainder 2 remainder 1

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11/10/2023, 11:11 CBSE Class 10 Real Numbers Worksheet - Physics Wallah 11/10/2023, 11:11 CBSE Class 10 Real Numbers Worksheet - Physics Wallah

∴not divisible ∴ not divisible Prime factors Least exponent

In case 1, n is divisible by 3 but n + 2 and n + 4 are not divisible by 3. 2 1

In case 2, n + 2 is divisible by 3 but n and n + 4 are not divisible by 3. 3 1

In case 3, n + 4 is divisible by 3 but n and n + 2 are not divisible by 3. 5 0

Hence, one and only one out of n, n + 2 or n + 4 is divisible by 3, where

7 0
n is any positive integer.
∴ HCF = 21 × 31 = 6.
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ARITHMETIC:
Common prime factors Greatest exponent
Every composite number can be expressed as a product of primes,
and this factorization is unique, except for the order in which the prime 2 3
factors occur.
3 2
By taking the example of prime factorization of 140 in different orders
5 1
Real Numbers
7 1

∴ LCM = 23 × 33 × 51 × 71

=8×9×5×7
SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS :
= 2520.
(i) Let ‘p’ be a prime number and ‘a’ be a positive integer. If ‘p’ divides
a2, then ‘p’ divides ‘a’. 3. Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9. Find the LCM (306, 657).

(ii) Let x be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates. Sol. HCF (306, 657) × LCM (306, 657) = 306 × 657
Then, x can be expressed in the form p/q where p and q are co-
⇒ 9 × LCM (306, 657) = 306 × 657
primes, and prime factorization of q is of the form 2m × 5n, where m, n
are non-negative integers. ⇒ LCM (306, 657) = 306 x 657/9 = 34 x 657

(iii) Let x = p/q be a rational number, such that the prime factorization ⇒ LCM (306, 657) = 22338
of q is not of the form 2m × 5n where m, n are non - negative integers.
Then, x has a decimal expansion which is non - terminating repeating. 4. Prove that √2 is an irrational number.

1. Is 7 × 11 × 13 + 11 a composite number? Sol. Let assume on the contrary that √2 is a rational number.

Sol. 11 x (7 x 13 + 1) = 11(91 + 1)= 11 × 92 = 1012 Then, there exists positive integer a and b such that

It is a composite number which can be factorized into primes. √2 = a/b where, a and b are co primes i.e. their HCF is 1.

2. Find the LCM and HCF of 84, 90 and 120 by applying the prime ⇒ (√2)2 = (a/b)2
factorization method.
⇒ 2 = a2/b2
Sol. 84 = 22 × 3 × 7, 90 = 2 × 32 × and 120 = 23 × 3 × 5
⇒ a2 = 2b2
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11/10/2023, 11:11 CBSE Class 10 Real Numbers Worksheet - Physics Wallah
2
⇒ a is multiple of 2

a is a multiple of 2 ....(i)

⇒ a = 2c for some integer c.

⇒ a2 = 4c2

⇒ 2b2 = 4c2

⇒ b2 = 2c2

⇒ b2 is a multiple of 2

b is a multiple of 2 ....(ii)

From (i) and (ii), a and b have at least 2 as a common factor. But this
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-prime. This means that √2 is
an irrational number.

Real Numbers 

Classification Of Real Numbers 

Decimal Representation Of Rational Numbers 

solved question 

Exercise 2(Subjective) 

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