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A History of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today i
PROPOSED MIXED USE ART CENTRE, ABUJA.

(EXPLORING A STRATEGY FOR INTEGRATING ACADEMIC-MIXED USE

FACILITY WITH PRODUCTION, EXHIBITION AND SALES ACTIVITIES)

BY

ROTIMI DAVID OLAOLUWA

10CA010789

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE,

SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES, COVENANT UNIVERSITY, OTA, OGUN

STATE, NIGERIA

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) DEGREE IN ARCHITECTURE

APRIL, 2017

i
 A History of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today i
DECLARATION

I, Rotimi David Olaoluwa of the department of Architecture, College of Science and Technology,

School of Post Graduate Studies, Covenant University, Ota, hereby declare that this thesis work is

a personal academic undertaking carried out under the supervision of DR. P. A. Aderonmu of the

Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, and that all contributory references have

been duly acknowledged.

……………………………………..

Student’s Signature

i
 A History of School Design andACCEPTANCE
its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today ii

This is to attest that this dissertation is accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

award of the degree of Masters of Science (M.Sc.) Degree in the department of Architecture,

college of science and technology, Covenant university.

Mr. Philip John Ainwokhai ………………………

(Secretary, School of Postgraduate studies) Signature and Date

Professor Samuel T. Wara ………………………

(Dean, School of Postgraduate studies) Signature and Date

ii
 A History of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today
CERTIFICATION iii

It is hereby certified that this dissertation, written by Rotimi, David Olaoluwa was supervised by

me and submitted to the School of Postgraduate Studies, Covenant University, Ota.

1. Supervisor

Dr. P. A. Aderonmu …………………………..

Signature & Date

2. Head of Department

Dr. E. O. Ibem ……………….………..

Signature & Date

iii
A History of School Design and DEDICATION
its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today iv

This design thesis is dedicated to God Almighty, from whom I received unlimited

strength and inspiration.

The Rotimi Family

The Odebiyi Family

The Ogunyemi Family

The Adeboye Family

iv
 A History of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v

I appreciate God Almighty, for divine help and direction during the process of carrying out
this project.

I sincerely appreciate the efforts of my parents and contribution of my family, especially

my Mother, Pst. (Mrs) Bosede Rotimi, if not for you I wouldn’t even have gotten into this
school talk less of getting this far, I would have dropped out a year ago, your
encouragements keep me going every time, and the thought of giving you and your My
Father a Better Future. My beloved Father, Rev. Rotimi David, for all the support since I
got in Here and throughout this project.

I deeply appreciate the efforts of my supervisors, Dr. P. A. Aderonmu, Arc. F. Jegede and
Dr. O. N. E. Ekhaese, from whom I received immense support and mentorship towards the
successful completion of this thesis, despite their very busy schedules, I couldn’t have
gotten a better Set of Supervisors, Thank You Very Much. Thank you Mayowa Olomo for
your helps.

My sincere gratitude goes to Dr. Oluwatayo for her Unrelenting Encouraging Motherly
Kindness, I can’t imagine being in this school without you, Dr. Aderonmu for His Fatherly
Care, Dr. Adeokun for Giving me a great Start in Architectural Design and My Love for
Indigenous Architecture, Prof. Adeyemi the Grand Father of Architecture in Nigeria for
Laying a great Foundation for Nigerian Indegenous Architecture and Helping me Love it,
Mummy Nike of Nike Art Gallery for the great opportunity to work with you and the
Gallery, Arc. Abraham Owoseni for Encouraging me all the way and being a source of
Inspiration, Prof. Adeboye for your Kindness and Helps, Dr. Ibem for Believing in Me
despite the odds. And to all my Class Mates and the department of Architecture in general,
it has been a great adventure with you guys.

v
 A History of School Design and its Indoor
TABLE Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today
OF CONTENTS vi
Declaration .......................................................................................................................................i

Acceptance ..................................................................................................................................... ii

Certification ................................................................................................................................... iii

Dedication.......................................................................................................................................iv

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................... v

List of Plates .............................................................................................................................. xviii

Abstract.........................................................................................................................................xxi

CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................................. 1

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Background to the study..................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Statement of Problem ......................................................................................................................... 3

1.3. Aisms and Obectives of the Research ................................................................................................ 4

1.4. Scope of the Study.............................................................................................................................. 4

1.5. Justification of the Study .................................................................................................................... 5

1.6. Research Methodology....................................................................................................................... 5

1.7. The Client ........................................................................................................................................... 5

1.8. Location.............................................................................................................................................. 6

CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................. 8

LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................ 8

vi
 A History
2.1. Definition of Descriptions
and School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today
............................................................................................................... 8 vii
2.1.0. What is Art? ................................................................................................................................................ 8

2.1.1. Branches of Art ......................................................................................................................................... 10

2.1.2. State of Visual Art in Nigeria ................................................................................................................... 12

2.1.3. Art School ................................................................................................................................................. 17

2.1.4. Arts and Crafts as spring board for sustainable development and industrialization in Nigeria ............... 18

2.1.5. Art Production .......................................................................................................................................... 19

2.1.6. Art Exhibition Gallery .............................................................................................................................. 20

2.1.7. Art Studio ................................................................................................................................................. 22

2.1.8. What is an Art Centre? ............................................................................................................................. 24

2.2. Brief History of the Building Type .................................................................................................. 27

2.2.0. 1914 – Vooruit Art Centre, Ghent, Belgium. ........................................................................................... 28

2.2.1. 1940 – Walker Art Centre, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA...................................................................... 29

2.2.2. 1966 – Burchfield Art Centre, New York, USA. ..................................................................................... 30

2.2.3. 1984 – Artcentre, South Florida, USA ..................................................................................................... 31

2.2.4. 1971 – Chapter Arts Centre, Wales, UK. ................................................................................................. 31

2.2.5. 1972 - Aberystwyth Arts Centre, University College of Wales, Wales, UK. .......................................... 32

2.2.6. 1989 – Wysing Arts Centre, Cambridge, UK. .......................................................................................... 34

2.2.7. 2005 – Bangkok Art and Culture Centre, Bangkok, Thailand ................................................................. 36

2.2.8. 2010 – Artisphere Art Centre, Virginia, USA .......................................................................................... 37

2.3. Types of Art centres. ........................................................................................................................ 38

2.4. Functions, Spaces and Relationship between Spaces Common in Art Centres ............................... 38

2.5 Unique Solutions to specific problems in the building type. ............................................................ 39

2.6 Common Technological and Environmental Solutions in the Art Centres ....................................... 39

2.6.1. Structural Form ......................................................................................................................................... 39

2.6.2. Materials ................................................................................................................................................... 42

vii
 A Lighting
2.6.3. History ....................................................................................................................................................
of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today 44 viii
2.6.4. Ventilation ................................................................................................................................................ 46

2.7. Conceptual Approach to the design of Art Centres.......................................................................... 48

2.7.1 Iconography ............................................................................................................................................... 48

2.7.2. Adaptive reuse .......................................................................................................................................... 51

2.7.3. A Study of Visual Arts Building for University of Iowa ......................................................................... 53

2.8. Major Problems in the design of Art Centres................................................................................... 58

2.8.1. Lighting: ................................................................................................................................................... 58

2.8.2. Functionality ............................................................................................................................................. 66

2.8.3. Siting ......................................................................................................................................................... 66

2.8.4. Landscaping: ............................................................................................................................................. 67

2.8.5. Architectural Character ............................................................................................................................. 68

2.8.6. Interior Design .......................................................................................................................................... 70

2.8.7. Flexibility.................................................................................................................................................. 71

2.8.8. System Buildings: ..................................................................................................................................... 72

2.8.9. Energy Conservation: ............................................................................................................................... 73

2.8.10. Circulation: ............................................................................................................................................. 75

2.8.11. Corridors & Passages.............................................................................................................................. 76

CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................................................... 79

Detailed stufy of indegenous nigerian art and architecture materials and methods ...................... 79

3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 79

3.2. Indigenous Architecture, Materials and Ornamentation. ................................................................. 80

3.3 Prospects of National Identity through Indigenous Architecture, Materials and Ornamentation. .... 86

3.4.0 Ornamentation in Architecture in Nigeria ................................................................................................. 88

3.4.1 Courtyards ................................................................................................................................................. 91

viii
 A History
CHAPTER FOURof.........................................................................................................................
School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today 94 ix
CASE STUDIES ........................................................................................................................... 94

4.1 introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 95

4.2. Case Study 1- Nike Art Gallery and ARt Centre ............................................................................. 95

4.3 Case study 2: TERRA KULTURE.................................................................................................. 101

4.4 Case study 3: AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE,

INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND FINE ART........................................................................................... 110

i. Location of Project ........................................................................................................................................ 110

ii. The Brief....................................................................................................................................................... 110

iii. The performance of the building in terms of ............................................................................................... 110

4.5 Case study 4: niversity of Lagos Department of creative Art ......................................................... 116

i. Location of the project ................................................................................................................................... 116

ii. The brief ....................................................................................................................................................... 116

iii. The performance of the building in terms of ............................................................................................... 116

iv. Analyse the case studies using your area of interest ................................................................................... 122

4.6 CASE STUDY 5: Le Lieu Unique Art Centre, France ................................................................... 123

CHAPTER FIVE ......................................................................................................................... 130

Site and environmental analysis .................................................................................................. 130

5.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 130

5.1 The criteria for choosing a site ........................................................................................................ 131

5.2 The choice of site, location and visibility ....................................................................................... 131

5.2.1. Location of the Site: ............................................................................................................................... 133

5.2.2. Geography and Climate of Abuja ........................................................................................................... 136

ix
 A Factors
5.2.3. Historyaffecting
of School Design
Design of theand its Indoor
Building Environmental
on Site. Standards, 1900 to Today 136
................................................................................... x
5.3 Features of the site........................................................................................................................... 140

5.1 Site Analysis.................................................................................................................................... 140

5.1.1 Accessibility ....................................................................................................................................... 141

5.1.2 Topography and Vegetation ............................................................................................................... 141

5.1.3 Environmental Factor ......................................................................................................................... 142

CHAPTER SIX ........................................................................................................................... 145

Design criteria ............................................................................................................................. 145

Project goals and objectives .................................................................................................................. 145

6.1 Functional and space criteria ........................................................................................................... 146

6.1.2. Spaces, sizes and relationships ............................................................................................................... 146

6.1.1 Equipment and Operational Requirements .............................................................................................. 150

6.1.2 Performance Requirement ....................................................................................................................... 153

6.2 Technological and Environmental Criteria .............................................................................. 159

6.2.1 Materials and Finishes ........................................................................................................................ 159

6.2.2 Services .............................................................................................................................................. 160

6.3 Behavioural and Aesthetic Criteria .......................................................................................... 162

6.3.1 Accessibility ....................................................................................................................................... 162

6.3.2 Functionality....................................................................................................................................... 162

6.3.3 Safety .................................................................................................................................................. 162

6.3.4 Security............................................................................................................................................... 163

6.3.5 Circulation .......................................................................................................................................... 163

6.3.6 Aesthetics ........................................................................................................................................... 163

CHAPTER SEVEN ..................................................................................................................... 164

x
 A History
Approach of School
to the design Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today 164
................................................................................................................ xi
7.0 design philosophy, concepts and its justification ............................................................................ 164

7.1. design development process ........................................................................................................... 164

References ................................................................................................................................... 169

xi
 A History of School Design andLIST
its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today
OF FIGURES xii
Figure 1; Students in a studio classrooms described by Carleton University ............................... 24

Figure 2: The Arts Centre Vooruit in Ghent. ................................................................................ 28

Figure 3: Side wall of Vooruit. ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4: Walker Art Center, Cherry Spoon (Sculpture Garden), Green Walls in the Conservatory

(Sculpture Garden) ........................................................................................................................ 30

Figure 5: Walker Art Centre's Cargill Lounge .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 6: Design class at the Walker Art Center (1941), .............................................................. 30

Figure 7: Wysing Arts Centre | Arts Council, ............................................................................... 35

Figure 8 Interior of an Exhibition Space in the BACC, ................................................................ 36

Figure 9: Exterior View of the BACC at Night. Source: .............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 10: Flintridge Preparatory School's Performing Arts CentreError! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 11: South elevation showing trellis structure and roof. ..................................................... 40

Figure 12: View Showing Trellis detail ........................................................................................ 41

Figure 13: Detail of the Angel Hair® Stainless Steel and structural steel for Fisher Centre. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Figure 14: Drawing of the panel layout and expansion joints for Fisher Center at Bard College.43

xii
 A History
Figure 15: of School
Fabricating the Design
Fisherand its Indoor
Center Environmental
stainless Standards, 1900
steel and aluminum panelsto atToday
A. Zahner xiii
Company in Kansas City. .............................................................................................................. 44

Figure 16: Interior and exterior of Fisher Center, viewed through the massive glazing system on

the front entrance. .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 17: Black Family Visual Arts Center / Machado and Silvetti Associates, ....................... 45

Figure 18: a central atrium space, which brings light and air into the core of the urban block, ... 46

Figure 19: Carpenter Centre for the Visual Arts, .......................................................................... 47

Figure 20: Floor Plan of Carpenter Centre for the Visual Arts, .................................................... 48

Figure 21: Tempe Centre for the Arts, .......................................................................................... 49

Figure 22: A view of the building showing its resemblance to a stealth fighter jet, ..................... 50

Figure 23: The stealth Fighter jet. ................................................................................................. 50

Figure 24: Baiyunting Culture and Art Center, ............................................................................. 52

Figure 25: View of the arts centre showing the new atrium,......................................................... 53

Figure 26: Interconnection: Horizontal Programs, Vertical Porosity, ........................................... 54

Figure 27: Multiple Centres of Light Showing the seven vertical cut-outs, ................................. 55

Figure 28: Showing Corridors as Horizontal Meeting Spaces, ..................................................... 56

Figure 29: Showing Campus Space Definition/Porosity, .............................................................. 57

Figure 30: Showing Shaded Spaces, ............................................................................................ 58

xiii
 A History
Figure 31: of School
translucent Design
roof at andWest
Taliesin its Indoor Environmental
in Scottsdale, Standards,
AZ, designed 1900 to
by Frank Today
Lloyd Wrights, xiv
....................................................................................................................................................... 60

Figure 32: The Nelson-atkins Museum Of Art,............................................................................. 61

Figure 33: Examples of various Methods of Day Lighting, .......................................................... 62

Figure 34: Accent Lighting in Taliesin by Frank Lloyd Wright ................................................... 63

Figure 35: Accent lighting Illustrated............................................................................................ 64

Figure 36: The benefit of a side lit corridor, ................................................................................. 65

Figure 37: Art Centre Site Considerations. ................................................................................... 67

Figure 38: Landscaping Functions, ............................................................................................... 68

Figure 39: Interior Design Elements: ............................................................................................ 69

Figure 40: Interior Design Elements. ............................................................................................ 71

Figure 41: Flexibility. .................................................................................................................... 72

Figure 42: Building Systems ......................................................................................................... 73

Figure 43: Energy Saving Possibilities.......................................................................................... 74

Figure 44: Zaha Hadid. MAXXI: National Museum of XXI Century Arts, Rome, sketch image of

interlocking arrangement of corridors/galleries, 1998- 2008 ........................................................ 77

Figure 45: diagram shows visitor flows ........................................................................................ 78

Figure 46: Example of ornamentation in Modern Decoration on the Emirs Palace...................... 81

xiv
 A History
Figure 47: of Schoolwith
Ornamentation Design and in
Colour itsKano,
IndoorNigeria
Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today
.............................................................. 82 xv
Figure 48: View of the facility designed by Ehrlich Architects for the Ahmadu Bello University

Theatre Arts Department with Ornamentation .............................................................................. 84

Figure 49: Figure 59: View of ornamentation in progress with Concrete being used. ................. 85

Figure 50: Kano, Nigeria. Hausa architecture. .............................................................................. 85

Figure 51Fascia board ................................................................................................................... 86

Figure 53: Types of Courtyards ..................................................................................................... 92

Figure 54: Courtyard house with covered galleries and an internal pool for evaporation, day and

night situation. Source: Climate responsive Building (SKAT, 1993), http://www.nzdl.org......... 93

Figure 55: Schematic of typical Yoruba Compound Layout......................................................... 94

Figure 56: Exterior of the gallery .................................................................................................. 97

Figure 57: Entrance door into the gallery .................................................................................... 100

Figure 60; The Court 1.200 sq. meters (almost 13.000 sq. foot), exhibition hall, ...................... 124

Figure 61: The performance space, 620 sq. meters (almost 6.700 sq. foot), 532 seats, up to 1.500

standing places (4.000 if the wall is open on the Court). ............................................................ 124

Figure 62: The silo workshop, an artist workshop, ..................................................................... 125

Figure 63: The workshops, over 1.000 sq. meters. ...................................................................... 125

Figure 64: The music lounge. ...................................................................................................... 126

xv
 A History
Figure 65: of School
The bookstore, Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today 126
............................................................................................................ xvi
Figure 66 the bar, ......................................................................................................................... 127

Figure 67: The reception / ticket booth. ...................................................................................... 127

Figure 68: The gift shop. ............................................................................................................. 128

Figure 69: The hammam. ............................................................................................................ 128

Figure 70: The tower LU. ............................................................................................................ 129

Figure 71: Map of Nigeria Showing Abuja, ................................................................................ 133

Figure 72: Map of Abuja. ............................................................................................................ 134

Figure 73: Satellite View of Abuja, Showing Landmarks and Important Places. ....................... 134

Figure 74: Satellite View of Abuja, Showing the Region of Piwoyi Village and the Existing Nike

Art Gallery and Workshop. ......................................................................................................... 135

Figure 75: Satellite View of Piwoyi Village Showing Nike Art Gallery and the adjourning

Buildings as well as the Airport Road. ........................................................................................ 135

Figure 76: Google earth image of the Site super imposed with the Survey drawings. ............... 140

Figure 77: A view of the adjoining street to the main road, Piwoyi Village Abuja. ................... 141

Figure 78: Section through the site. Retrieved from Google earth March 2016. ........................ 141

Figure 79: Weather and Climate condition for Abuja ................................................................. 142

Figure 80: Average rainfall Nigeria Abuja .................................................................................. 143

xvi
 A History
Figure 81: of Control
Acoustic School Design
Seatingand its Indoor
Source: Environmental
Metric Standards,
Handbook (1999) 1900 to Today 151
..................................... xvii
Figure 82: Showing the Orchestral Pit and Lift........................................................................... 154

Figure 83: Showing the Lift Partially Raised for Adding More Seating ..................................... 154

Figure 84: Showing Fully Raised for Maximum Stage Size ....................................................... 155

Figure 85: Row to Row Dimension and Clearway with a. fixed seating and b. tipped seating .. 156

Figure 86: Graphical Representations of Vertical Sightlines ...................................................... 156

Figure 87: Ways Exhibits can be Displayed Source: Metric Handbook (1999) ......................... 158

Figure 88: Generic Plans for Exhibition Areas Source: Metric Handbook (1999) ..................... 159

Figure 89: Functional Site Zoning of the Art Centre .................................................................. 165

Figure 90: Bubble Diagram for Ground Floor ............................................................................ 166

Figure 91: First Floor Bubble Diagram ....................................................................................... 166

Figure 92: Second Floor Bubble Diagram................................................................................... 167

Figure 93: Third Floor Bubble Diagram ..................................................................................... 167

Figure 94: Concept Ground floor Plan Showing the N-I-K ........................................................ 168

Figure 95: Concept First floor Plan ............................................................................................. 168

xvii
Plate 14:AWooden
History of School
floor Design
in the craft and
shopits Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today 104
..................................................................................... xix
Plate 15: Inspector chamber and pumping machine on the site. ................................................ 105

Plate 16: Storex tank suspended with scaffold. ........................................................................... 105

Plate 17: Ramp leading to the art gallery. ................................................................................... 106

Plate 18: Stairs leading to roof garden. ....................................................................................... 107

Plate 19: The craft shop and book shop....................................................................................... 108

Plate 20: Exterior view of the centre. With landscaping. ............................................................ 109

Plate 21: Panoramic View of the Exterior of the Department of Visual Art and Industrial Design,

Ahmadu Bello University. Zaria, Nigeria. .................................................................................. 111

Plate 22: Panoramic View of the Final Year Painting Studio Showing the Windows in one

direction. ...................................................................................................................................... 111

Plate 23: Exhibition area showing the marble tiles. .................................................................... 112

Plate 24: The Kiln Section of the Ceramics Section of the department of Industrial Design finished

with concrete. Source: Authors Fieldwork (2015) ...................................................................... 113

Plate 25: A classroom for Graphics Design section of the Industrial Design department showing

the arrangement of chairs and tables, the unidirectional fenestrations and the screeded floor finish.

..................................................................................................................................................... 113

Plate 26: One of the textile Studios. Source: Authors Field Survey. .......................................... 114

Plate 27: The Wash hand basin of the Textile Studio and the dye area. ..................................... 114
xix
 A History of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today xviii

LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1: Relief Sculpture for ornamenting the interior of the Nike Centre for Art and Culture in

Abuja. Source: Authors Fieldwork ................................................................................................ 88

Plate 2: Bird Shaped Design as relaxation spot with traditional mud usually very cool in the heat.

....................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Plate 3: Entrance gate into the gallery ........................................................................................... 95

Plate 4: A Panoramic View of the ground floor with visitors on looking ..................................... 96

Plate 5: The Fourth Floor with the wooden staircase leading to the penthouse. ........................... 98

Plate 6: Staircase within the gallery. ............................................................................................. 99

Plate 7: Lighting types in the gallery. ............................................................................................ 99

Plate 8: Interior Panoramic view of the fourth floor. .................................................................. 100

Plate 9: Signage at the entrance of the centre .............................................................................. 101

Plate 10: The art gallery Source: Author’s fieldwork (2015) ...................................................... 102

Plate 11: The reading room ......................................................................................................... 103

Plate 12: Exterior view of the centre, showing the various finishes ........................................... 103

Plate 13: Bamboo ceiling in the restaurant. ................................................................................. 104

xviii
Plate 28:AThe
History of School
Sculpture Design
garden and its
besides theIndoor Environmental
building. Standards,
Source: Authors 1900(2015)
Fieldwork to Today
......... 115 xx
Plate 29: Student at work in the ceramics studio. ........................................................................ 115

Plate 30: A panorama of the Department of Creative Arts Building, University of Lagos......... 116

Plate 31: Lecturers Offices on the first floor. .............................................................................. 117

Plate 32: Image showing classrooms and studios on the ground floor........................................ 117

Plate 33: Large Mural on the walls at the entrance of the Building. ........................................... 118

Plate 34: Another wall mural on the wall of the hall. .................................................................. 118

Plate 35: Wooden floor finish for the dance Studio. ................................................................... 119

Plate 36: Staircase finished with Non-slip Tiles.......................................................................... 120

Plate 37: Stairway decorated with student’s artworks and adequate lighting. ............................ 120

Plate 38: A view of the lecture rooms. ........................................................................................ 121

Plate 39: A view of the painting studio. ...................................................................................... 122

xx
 A History of School Design and itsABSTRACT
Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today xxi

Nigeria is currently in the stage of developing and creating an identity for Nigerian Art or Nigerian
Architecture. This thesis is a step ahead in creating a hub for the nurturing and development of Art
in Nigeria with Respect to Exhibition, Education, Production, Sales and a market place for the arts
in Nigeria. This thesis has also created an Architectural statement that depicts and showcases the
Features of Nigerian traditional Architecture in its most modern form to complement the efforts
towards Art Development in Nigeria.

Data for this study was obtained from two principal sources - the primary source was through
interviews with current students of existing Art and Architecture Schools and Galleries and
Industrial facilities, case studies through visits to the Nike Art Gallery and other galleries and a
number of Art, Design and Architecture departments in Top tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The
secondary source data was from books, documents, the Internet and any other material that will be
of relevance to this study.

This thesis takes a look at the development of Art in Nigeria from its inception and how it has
evolved into its current state. The Hybrid nature of the proposed Art Centre as opposed to any
other facility that exists in Nigeria required a wider range of case studies. Focus on Ornamentation
and Murals as a major form of Aesthetics, Open Courtyards for Ventilation and Lighting,
Sustainability in the use of Traditional Materials and Functionality in the allocation of the
necessary spaces as well as integrating them properly.

The knowledge acquired at each stage of the research project was combined and utilized in creating
a design proposal for a mixed use Art facility that would incorporate production, Education, Sale,
recreation and Exhibition of Indigenous and contemporary Nigerian art and design with the use of
Indigenous Materials and Aesthetics.

xxi