9

Science
Quarter 4 - Module 2
Projectile Motion
Science - Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 2 : Projectile Motion
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education - Region III

Secretary : Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Printed in the Philipppines by _____________________

Department of Education—Schools Division of Bulacan

Office Address: Curriculum Implementation Division

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E-mail address: [email protected]
 9
Science
Quarter 4 - Module 2
Projectile Motion
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answers keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

1
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you investigate the relationship between
the angle of release and the height, and the range of the projectile. Various
activities, such as exercises, are provided for you to perform to strengthen your
knowledge and skills regarding the topic.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 state the relationship between the angle of release and the range covered by the
projectile;
 give the relationship between the angle of release and the height of the projectile;
and
 identify common activities at home that will show the relationship between: angle
of release and range; and the angle of release and height of a projectile.

What I Know

It is a simple multiple -choice test to determine how much you know about the content
of this topic.
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. At what angle should a water hose be aimed in order for the water to
land with the maximum horizontal range?
a. 200 c. 750
b. 450 d. 900
2. A ball was hit at an angle of 300 and it reaches a horizontal distance of
50 m. Given the same initial velocity, at what other angle should a ball be hit
to reach the same distance?
A. 150 c. 600
b. 450 d. 750
3. A ball is hit at an angle of 250. At what point in its trajectory does this
projectile have the least vertical speed?
a. Just after it was launched c. Just before it hits the ground
b. At the highest point in its flight d. Halfway between the ground
and the highest point

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 4. A goalie made three soccer punts at 600, 400, and 200 with varying speeds-all
reaching the same maximum height. Which statement is correct?
a. All punts have the same hang time.
b. The punt at 600 has the highest hang time.
c. The punt at 400 has the longest hang time.
d. The punt at 200 has the longest hang time.
5. An athlete from your school throws a javelin, always at the same
speed at four different angles (300, 400, 600, and 800) above the horizontal.
Which two throws cause the javelin to land the same horizontal distance?
a. 300 and 600 c. 400and 800
b. 400 and 600 d. 300 and 800
6. The initial velocity of Elma playing luksong tinik has a horizontal and vertical
components that are equal in magnitude. What angle does her initial
velocity make with the horizontal?
a. 300 c. 600
b. 450 d, 900
7. When the sepak takraw is kicked from a height of one meter, what path
would it follow?
a. circular c. linear
b. elliptical d. parabola
8. A tennis ball launcher is set at a certain angle of elevation. What is most
likely to happen when the tennis ball thrown into the air reaches its
maximum height?
a. The tennis ball changes its direction.
b. The tennis ball continuously follows a straight line path.
c. The tennis ball gains kinetic energy at the maximum height.
d. The speed of the tennis ball does not change at that height.
9. Which of the following statements is NOT true about projectile motion?
a. Horizontal velocity of projectile is constant.
b. Both horizontal and vertical velocities are constant .

3
 c. It is a combination of two independent motions– vertical and
horizontal.
d. The motions of the projectile released horizontally downward is
accelerated.
10. Two angles having the sum equal to 90 degrees is referred to as—
a. acute angle c. Interior angle
b. obtuse angle d. Complementary angle
11. For two vectors to give maximum resultant, the angle between them
should be
a. 00 c. 900
b. 450 d. 1800
12. Which is the vertical acceleration of a projectile?
a. 0 m/s2 c. 9.8 m/s2
b. -9.8 m/s2 d. none of these
13. If you have thrown a baseball straight up, what is its final velocity at the
highest point?
a. -0m/s c. -9.8 m/s
b. 0 m/s d. 9.8 m/s
14. For two projectiles with the same initial velocity and complementary launch angles,
the projectile with the higher trajectory has the longest flight time and greatest
maximum height. The range is____.
a. longer c. the same
b. shorter d. none of these
15. Which of the following sports apply the concepts of projectile motion?
a. basketball c. volleyball
b. football d. all of these

4
 What’s In

In your previous module, the topic is about the vertical and horizontal motion of a
projectile. Imagine a cannonball being launched from a cannon atop of a very high cliff.
Imagine as well that the cannonball does not encounter a significant amount of air
resistance. How can the motion of a cannonball be described in terms of horizontal and
vertical components

Directions: Using your knowledge about the vertical and horizontal motion of a projectile ,
fill in the table with the necessary information.

Quantity Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion

Net Force
1. Is there a net force pre- 1 1.
sent?
2. What is the direction of 2.. 2.
the net force?
Acceleration

3. Is there an acceleration 3. 3.
present?

4. What is the direction of 4. 4.

the acceleration?
Velocity
5. Is velocity constant or 5. 5.
changing?

What’s New

Directions: Re-arrange the following jumbled letters and write the correct word being
described on the blank . Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. RABOPALA ___________________
The trajectory of a projectile in free fall.
2. AJECTRYROT ________________
The path followed by a projectile
3. NAREG ________________
The horizontal displacement of the projectile.

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4. MUMAXIM GHTHE_______________
When the projectile reaches zero vertical velocity.
5. AXIUMMM ANRGE______________
It is achieved if the projectile is fired at an angle of 45 0 with respect to
the horizontal.

What is It

Projectile Motion

A projectile is defined as, any body thrown with the same initial velocity, which is then
allowed to move under the action of gravity alone. The projectile followed a parabolic path
called trajectory. A projectile moves at a constant speed in the horizontal direction while
experiencing a constant acceleration of 9.8 m/s2 downward in the vertical direction. To be
consistent we define the up or upward direction to be the positive direction. Therefore the
acceleration of gravity is -9.8 m/s2.

Launched angle trajectory comparison:

The diagram below shows trajectories for different launch angles that have the same
initial speed. The launch angle determines the maximum height, time in the air, and
maximum horizontal distance of the projectile.

Figure 1.Ranges of projectile shot at the same speed at different angles of projection.

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Projectile maximum horizontal distance depends on horizontal velocity and
time in air:
Launch angle closer to 450 give longer maximum horizontal distance (range) if initial
speed is the same . The angle of release changes the relationship between the horizontal
and vertical components of a projectile. The ideal angle of release is 45 degrees, assum-
ing there is no resistance and the take off and landing points are the same height.

If the angle of release is greater than 45 degrees, the distance covered in flight is
less. This is because the 45 degrees is half way between vertical and horizontal and will
ensure the greatest amount of each component.

If the angle of release is too high, the distance covered will be lower. If the angle of
release is too low, the projectile will be in the air for less time, covering less distance.

Figure 2. Distance vs. height

In sporting situations, the angle of release is often lower, around 350 to 450. This is
because the air resistance of the body and the point of release is usually higher than the
landing point.

Higher launch angles have higher maximum height:

The maximum height is determined by the initial vertical velocity. Since steeper
launch angles have a larger vertical velocity component, increasing the launch angle
increases the maximum height.
The higher the level of release, the greater the distance covered in flight. This is be-
cause the higher the projectile is released, the longer it will be in the air. The horizontal
component will be acting on the projectile for longer.
For example, a golfer hitting a ball off the top of a hill hit it further than a golfer at the
bottom of the hill. The ball will stay in the air longer so will have a higher chance to gain
distance. This assumes that the same golf club, techniques, and force is being used.

7
 In javelin, to gain more distance, athletes will hold the javelin up higher to create a
greater height of release.

Figure 3. Distance vs. Height of release

There is a relationship. between height of release and angle of release. As the height
increases, the angle of release decreases. As the height of release decreases, the angle
of release increases.
For example, when shooting, basketball players will have a lot lower angle of release
than shorter basketball players to shoot the ball at the same hoop height.

Higher launch angles have greater times in the air:

The time in air is determined by the initial vertical velocity. Since steeper launch
angles have larger vertical velocity component, increasing the launch angle increases the
time in air.
A remarkable thing to note is that the same range is obtained from two different pro-
jection angles—complementary angles. An object thrown into the air at an angle of 70 0, for
example, will have the same range as if it were thrown at the same speed at an angle of
200 . An object thrown at 600 will have the same range as when the object is launched at
300 As you can see, when we get the sum of 700 angle and 200 angle, 600 angle and 300
angle, in both sets we would obtain a 90 0 angle. This means that 700 angle and 200 angle
are called complementary angles. Similarly, 60 0 angle and 300 angle are also complemen-
tary angle. Thus complementary angles (angles whose sum is equal to 90 0) would result to
equivalent range. For smaller angles, object remains in the air for a shorter time. A maxi-
mum range is obtained when an object is launched 45 0 from the horizontal. However, in
sports, the weight of a projectile is significant in comparison to the force of projection. The
applied force does not produce the same velocity for different projection angles, thus the
maximum range occurs for angles less than 45 0 .
In the presence of air resistance, the trajectory of a high speed projectile falls short of a
parabolic path, see figure 4 below.

Figure 4. Trajectory of a high speed projectile

8
Projectile Launched at an Angle
Let us investigate the relationship between the angle of release and the height and
range of the projectile.

Figure 5. Path of a projectile thrown at an angle with the horizontal

Look at the scenario above in which a person kicks the ball at a certain angle. At all
locations of the ball at different times, its velocity is 2 m/s. That is what we have learned
from our previous discussion, that the velocity along the x-axis is constant.
Now, let’s look at the velocity along the y-component. We know that the velocity
along the y-axis changes at a uniform rate. But in this case, we need to consider different
directions along the y-axis. First, when the ball is kicked at an angle, it moves upward.
Supposed you have the following data, (29.4 m/s, 19.6 m/s, 9.8 m/s) these data agree with
your knowledge on the velocity along the y-axis. However, it decreases by 9.8 m/s. This
means that the point of release up to the maximum height, the velocity decreases.
This happens because the gravity, which is 9.8 m/s 2, is acting on the projectile.
Once, it reaches the maximum height, it will experience a temporary stop as stated with 0
m/s velocity. This means that at maximum height, the velocity is zero. Lastly, the projectile
moves downward. These data (–9.8 m/s, -19.6 m/s, and -29.4 m/s) show that the ball ex-
perience a constant downward change in velocity, which is also equivalent to the accelera-
tion due to gravity. This means that from the maximum height to the end point, the velocity
along the y-axis increases.

Let us now investigate how the angle of release would affect the distances it would
cover for both horizontal and vertical components.

9
 Figure 6. Angles of release versus range

We have the following angle of release for comparison 15 0, 300, 450, 600, and 750.

From this, we can see that the projectile which was launched at 75 0, is the highest.
Well, the one launch at 150 is the lowest . This means that as the angle of release nears
900, the height of the projectile increases. Another important observation is that the projec-
tiles released at 750 and 150 had the same range of 8 units. This is also true for 60 0 and
300, which had a range of 9 units.

But analyzing the pairs of angles of release ,these angles add up to 90 0. We can now
say that complementary angles have the same range. Lastly, we can see that the projec-
tile, which had the longest range, is the one launched at 45 0, and the projectiles which had
the shortest range, are the ones at 750 and 150. In this case, it is not right to conclude that
there is a direct or inverse relationship between the angle of release and range. Rather,
angles of release closer to 450 have longer ranges since 600 and 300 or closer to 450..
These angles would result longer ranges compared to that of 75 0 and 150

10
 What’s More

Independent Activity 1
Directions: Look at the figure below and answer the following guide questions.

Figure 7. Trajectories of launch angles with the same initial speed.

Guide Questions:
1. Is it possible to obtain the same range from two different launch angles?
If yes, how can it be possible?
2. What do you call the two angles having the sum equal to 90 degrees?
3. Give two examples of complementary angles.
4. At what angle from the horizontal will an object be released in order to
have a maximum range?
5. What can you observe about the relationship between the angle of release

Independent Assessment 1
Directions: Fill in the blank to complete each statement below. Choose your answer
from the box.
range increases 45 degrees complementary angle
shorter 90 degrees

1. An object thrown into the air at an angle of 750 will have the same _________as
when it is thrown at the same speed at an angle of 150.
2. The same range is obtained from two different angles of projection that add up to ____.
3. If an object is thrown an angle of less than 45 0, the range is ___________.
4. The range is _________if an object is fired at an angle greater than 45 degrees.
5. In the absence of air resistance, a projectile has a maximum range when fired at an
angle of ______with the ground.

11
Independent Activity 2
Directions: Read the situation below and answer the given guide questions .
Railee and Leona are playing paper plane at home. In their first attempt, Railee
throws his plane at an angle of 60 degrees while Leona releases her plane at an
angle of 45 degrees. In their second attempt, both of their planes are released at an angle
of 70 degrees.
Guide Questions:
1. Whose paper plane will fly higher in their first attempt?
2. Whose paper plane will fly lower in their first attempt?
3. In their second attempt, which paper plane reach the greater height?
4. What will Leona do so that her plane will fly higher than that of Railee?.
5. State the relationship between the angle of release and the height of the
projectile.
Independent Assessment 2
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the correct answer from the choices
inside the parenthesis.

1. The higher the level of release, the ________(greater, lower) the distance
covered in flight.
2. As the height of release increases, the angle of release _____(decreases,
increases)
3. As the height of release _______(increases, decreases), the angle of release
decreases.
4. In javelin, to gain more distance, athletes will hold the javelin up _____(lower,
higher) to create a 5.) ______(higher, lower) height of release.
Independent Activity 3
Directions: Write PM if the situation involves projectile motion and write NP if otherwise.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Basketball shooting
2. A satellite orbits the earth.
3. Watering plants using a hose
4. Throwing dirty clothes in the laundry basket
5. Range from a golf ball in flight

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Independent Assessment 3
Directions: Based on the figure below, identify the range obtained from different angles of
projection. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Figure 8. Projectile trajectories. The launch angle determines the range and maximum
height the object will experience after being launched.

Angle of release Range (meters)

1. 150 1.

2. 300 2.

3. 450 3.

4. 600 4.

5. 750 5.

6. 900 6.

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 What I Have Learned-

Direction. Fill in the boxes below.

Three (3) things you Two (2) things you One (1) question
have learned about need to learn more. you still have about
projectile motion. projectile motion.

1. 1. 1.

2 2.

What I Can Do
L. A. Tenorio, a Filipino basketball player, throws a ball at a given angle as
shown below.

Figure 9. Path of a ball thrown at a certain angle of projection.

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Directions : Answer the following guide questions based on figure 9.
1. In which point A, B, or C does the ball have the greatest acceleration?
2. What is the velocity of the ball at the highest point (B) in the path?
3. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball at points A, B, and C?

Assessment

Multiple choice.
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. A projectile is launched at an angle of 30 0 above the horizontal. Neglecting air re-
sistance, what are the projectile’s horizontal and vertical accelerations when it reaches
its maximum height?
a . Both the horizontal and vertical acceleration are zero
b .Both the horizontal and vertical accelerations are 9.8 m/s 2.
c . The horizontal acceleration is 9.8 m/s2 and the vertical
acceleration is zero.
d .The magnitude of the horizontal acceleration is zero and the
vertical acceleration is 9.8 m/s2.
2. A white ball and a yellow ball are simultaneously thrown horizontally from the same
height. The white ball has initial speed of 40 m/s and the yellow ball has an initial speed
of 20 m/s. Compared to the time it takes the white ball to reach the ground, the time it
takes the yellow ball to reach the ground will be-
a. the same c. half as much
b twice as much d. four times as much
0
3. A football kicked at an angle of 20 and travels 30 m horizontally. If the football is
kicked at the same speed, what other angle will allow the football to travel 30 m?
a. 450 c. 700
b. 550 d. 900
4. Which angle produces the maximum range?
a. 300 c. 600
b. 450 d. 700

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5. Which two angles will produce the same range?
a. 300 and 600 c. 350 and 640
b. 450 and 150 d. 400 and 600
6. What factor(s) affect how far a projectile will land?
a. angle c. both angle and initial velocity
b. initial velocity d. none of the above
7. A volleyball is served at a speed of 9.0 m/s at an angle of 35 degrees above the hori-
zontal. What is the speed of the ball when received by the opponent at the same
height?
a. 9 m/s c 16 m/s
b. 9.8 m/s d. 19.8 m/s
8. A small cart is pushed to the left. After it goes a foot or two, a small ball
shot straight up out of the cart. The cart always moves at a constant speed
throughout. Where will the ball land? Neglect air resistance.
a. on the cart c. behind the cart
b. In front of the cart d. none of these
9. Consider a plane moving with constant speed at an elevated height above the Earth’s
surface. In the course of its flight, the plane drops a package from its luggage compart-
ment. Where will it land with respect to the plane?
a. behind the plane c. directly below the plane
b. in front of the plane d. none of the above
10. An archer uses a bow to fire two similar arrows with the same force. One arrow I is
fired at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal and the other with an angle of
60 degrees with the horizontal. Compared to the arrow fired at 60 degrees the arrow
fired at 45 degrees has a—
a. shorter flight time and shorter horizontal range.
b. longer flight time and shorter horizontal range.
c. shorter flight time and longer horizontal range.
d. longer flight time and longer horizontal range.
11. Who do you agree with?
a. Ann: “A projectile’s horizontal velocity, Vx changes because of gravity,
and its vertical velocity, Vy remains constant”.
b. Billy:” Both horizontal velocity and vertical velocity are constant”.
but it does accelerate horizontally”.
c. Cris: “A projectile has no acceleration in the vertical dimension.

16
 d. Dan, Ä projectile has vertical acceleration and ä constant horizontal
velocity”.
12. Which of the following is NOT true about the path of a cannonball launched
horizontally from the earth’s surface if air resistance is negligible?
a. The cannonball has a uniform horizontal velocity.
b. The distance the cannonball travels is dependent on its mass.
c. The total velocity of the cannonball increases as a function of time.
d. The distance the cannonball travels only depends upon the height
it is shot from.
13. A baseball player throws a ball horizontally. Which statement best describes the ball’s
motion after it is thrown? (Neglect the effect of friction)
a. Its vertical speed remains the same, and its horizontal speed
increases.
b. Its vertical speed remains the same, and its horizontal speed
remains the same.
c. Its vertical speed increases, and its horizontal speed remains
the same.
d. Both vertical and horizontal speeds increase.
Refer to the diagram below to answer numbers 14 and 15.

Figure 10. Path of a projectile fired horizontally.

14. In the diagram, which letter represents the vertical displacement?
a. A c. C
b. B d. D
15, In the diagram, which letter represents the horizontal displacement?
a. A c. C
b. B d. D

17
 Additional Activity

In your home, throw a ball with the following angles of projection (15 0, 300,
450, 600, and 750). In case no ball is available you can make use of an improvised ball out
of crumpled papers.

Document your work by taking pictures or videos. Measure and record the range you
will obtain for each throw. Compare the angles of release and the range.

18
 19
What I know Post-assessment
1. B 1. D
2. C 2. C
3. B 3. C
4. A 4. B
5. A 5. A
6. B 6. C
7. D 7. A
8. A 8. A
9. B 9. C
10. D 10. C
11. A 11. D
12. B 12. B
13. B 13. C
14. C 14. A
15. D 15. B
What’s In
Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion
1 No 1. Yes
2. none 2. downward
3. No 3. Yes
4. none 4. downward
5. constant 5. changing
What’s New
1. PARABOLA
2. TRAJECTORY
3. RANGE
4. MAXIMUM HEIGHT
5. MAXIMUM RANGE
Answer Key
 20
What’s More
Independent Activity 1
1. Yes, the same range is obtained from two different angles of projection that add up to 90 0.
2. Complementary angle
3. 300 and 600 ; 150 and 750
4. Maximum range is obtained at 450
5. As the angle of release closer to 450 the longer the range.
Independent Assessment 1
1. range
2. 900
3. longer
4. shorter
5. 450
Independent Activity 2
1. Railee
2. Leona Independent Assessment 3
3. Both Railee and Leona 1. 5.0 m
4. Throws her paper plane higher than 700 2. 8.7 m
5. As the angle of release increases the height also 3. 10.0 m
Increases and vice versa. 4. 8.7 m
5. 5.0 m
Independent Assessment 2 6. 0m
1. greater
2. increases
3. decreases What I can do
4. higher 1. At point A, B, and C the vertical accel-
5. greater eration is the same
2. zero
Independent Activity 3 3. The direction of acceleration of the ball
at points A, B, and C is downward.
1. PM
2. NP
Additional Activity
3. PM
( Answer may vary.)
4. PM
5. PM
What I have learned
(Answer may vary.)
References
A. Book
Coronado, Gary B., Maria Carmela A. Boncodin, Physics, 927 Quezon, Avenue,
Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House Inc., 2006
Sotto, Rosario L., Physics, Phoenix Building, 927 Quezon Avenue 1104 Quezon City,
2005.
Padua, Alicia L., Lilia M. Rabago, Crisostome, Ricardo M., Physics, Metro Manila,
SD Publication, Inc., 1999.
Navaza, Delia C., Bienvenido J. Valdez, You and The Natural World Series Physics,
927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2000.
Zitzewitz, Paul W, Robert F. Neff, Davids, Mark, Merril Physics Principles
and Problems, United States of America, Merril Publishing Company, 1995.
Alvarez, Liza A., Dave G. Angeles, Apoderado, Herman L., Science 9 Learner’s
Module
Project EASE Physics IV, Module 9 (Going Places)
My Skill Builder Science 9, RISE Science Series, 109 M. Cuenco St., Sto. Domingo,
Quezon City, Rex Institute for Student Excellent., Inc., 2017

B. Electronic Sources
Visit the following websites for more information:
https://reviewgamezone.com/mc/candidate/test/?test_id=1806&title=Projectile%20Motion
https://www.slideshare.net/pearlgrace19/projectile-motion-grade-9

https://www.johnbawne.org

https://www.quiziz.com
https://www.cabarrus.k12.nc.us
http://www.physicsclasroom.co/mmedia/vectors/hlp/cfm

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: [email protected]