English Booklet

8th Grade
First Semester
Teacher: Islam Tayeh
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Vocabulary
Word Parts of Definition Arabic
speech meaning
1 Access V To get information especially from a ‫يلج‬
computer
2 Respond V To reply ‫يرد‬

3 Deadline N the latest time or date by which ‫الموعد النهائي‬

something should be completed
4 Conference N A meeting where people have ‫مؤتمر‬
discussion
5 Monitor V To regularly check somethink ‫يراقب‬

6 Available Adj Able to be used ‫متوفرة‬

7 Prompotly Adv immediately ‫ﺣاﻻ‬

8 Assign V To give a task or put ‫تعيين‬

9 Appropriate Adj Suitable for a particular situation ‫مﻼئم‬

10 Thoroughly Adv Competely, carefully and in detail ‫ﻛامﻼ‬

11 Supervisor N A person who is in charge of an ‫مشرف‬

activity, a place or a group of people
12 Co-ordinate V To orgnize an activity so everyone ‫ينسق‬
works together
13 Leaflet N Printed sheet of paper ‫منشور‬

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 Read the text on S.B page ( 8 + 9 ) ( A website project ), then
answer the questions below:
1. What are the four subject areas?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What have the teams got to do?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Who will be able to access the material?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Why are team leaders important ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Who can request information from another team?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. What should teams not be afraid to do?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Who can give technical support?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Find out from the text:
A. A noun:……………………………….
B. An article:………………………………………
C. Helping verb:……………………………..
D. A conjunction:………………………………
E. Lexical verb:…………………………………
F. An adjective:……………………………………
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 Countable nouns: can be counted and have a singular form when pluralized
E.X: an apple, two apples, three apples
 Uncountable nouns: can’t be counted and can’t be pluralized.
E.X: Air, water, rice, advice.
Exercise:
 Classify these nouns as countable or uncountable:

Task Advice Plan progress partner information coffee

Countable noun Uncountable noun

 Compound noun is the combination of two nouns together to make a new

word:
E.X: Foot + Ball = Football
Road + Sign = Road sign (a sign next to the road)

Noun phrase are useful

because they can give you a
lot of information in a few
words. They are often used
in newspaper.

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 We use the present simple for:
 Actions that happen regularly.
 Something is true in general
Example:
1) We go to the seaside every summer.
Sub + V1
2) Ahmad speaks German very well.
Sub + ( V1 + s )
Singular She/He/It verb + s / es John plays football.
Affirmative
‫الجمل المث تة‬

subject
Plural subject We/They/You/I verb Children take exams
once a year.
She/He/It doesn’t + verb It doesn’t snow in
‫الجمل المنف ة‬
Negative

August.
We/They/ I/You don’t + verb I don’t like cold
weateher.
Does she/he/it + verb Does she live in london?
Interrogative
‫السؤال‬

Do we/they/I/you + Do you speak french?

verb

Correct the verbs between the brackets:

1) I ………………….. ( travel ) to england every year.
2) ……………….the weather ………………. (do – become) cold in
winter?
3) The sun…..…. ( rise ) in the east.

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 
 We utilize the present continuous for actions that are happening now (at
the time of speaking).
 Form = sub + is /are / am + verb + ing
Example:
At the moment Sam is watching his favourite TV programme.
Sub + be + ( V1 + ing )
Singular She/He/It Is + verb + ing Look! She is singing.
subject
Affirmative
‫الجمل المث تة‬

Plural subject We/They/You Are + verb + ing We are watching TV

I Am + verb + ing I am reading my book

now
She/He/It Isn’t + verb + ing Ali isn’t riding the horse
now.
‫الجمل المنف ة‬
Negative

We/They/ You Aren’t + verb + ing They arent listening to

the teacher.
I Am not + verb + I am not painting the
ing wall at this moment.
Is she/he/it + verb + Is she washing the
ing dishes?
Interrogative

Are we/they/you + Are you playing football?

‫السؤال‬

verb + ing

Am I + verb + ing Listen! Am I spelling the

word correctly?
Correct the verbs between brackets:
1. We …………………………English now. (write)
2. Be quiet! I ……………………..…..to do my homework. (try)
3. …..…………..you ………………your uniform today? (wear)
4. At the moment he …..…………………his favourite film. (watch)

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  we use the past simple for actions which were completed in the past.
 Form = sub + V2
Example:
He played football yesterday
Sub + V2
She /He / It regular verbs: we add (ed) John cooked the dinner
play = played
Affirmative

We / They yeasterday
‫الجمل المث تة‬

You / I
irregular verbs: change the Salam saw the theif from her
form window
go = went

She /He / It We use didn’t He didn’t go to sleep early

Negative

We / They lastweek.
‫المنف ة‬
‫الجمل‬

You / I

Did + She /He / It Did they come to your party last

Interrogative

subject + We / They month?

‫السؤال‬

v….? You / I

Write the sentences in the simple past:

1) S 1) sara / miss / the bus
..…………………………………………………………..
2) She / tidy / her bedroom
………………………………………………………………………….
3) Ahmad / watch / not / TV
……………………………………………………………………….

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  We use the past continuous for actions which continued for some time in
the past:
 Form = sub + was / were + verb + ing

Singular She/He/It/I Was + verb + ing She was doing her homework
Affirmative
‫الجمل المث تة‬

subject whe I called her

Plural We/They/You Were + verb + ing They were playing tennis
subject yesterday
She/He/It/I wasn’t + verb + She wasn’t watching TV when
‫الجمل المنف ة‬
Negative

ing the bell rang

We/They/ You weren’t + verb + When karen arrived, we weren’t
ing having dinner?
Was she/he/it/I + verb Was he walking alone when you
Interrogative

+ ing saw him?

‫السؤال‬

Were we/they/you + Were you walking home when

verb + ing you met john?

Complete the sentence with the verbs in brackerts:

1) While philippe………………………….the tourists, he……………. Notice:

………………………….the theif.( watch , notice) You use both

tenses in the
2) The theif………………………………….with the tourists when
same sentence
Philippe……………………………..him. (mingle, spot)
by connecting
3) Jenny……………………….for me when I …………………… them with
( wait, arrived) while / when

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  We use ( will + verb ):
1) To make prediction about the future.
Ex: I think she will win the race.

2) When you make sudden unplanned decision.

Ex: I will call you in few minutes.
She /He / It
Affirmative
‫الجمل المث تة‬

We / They + will + verb ( infinitve ) He will wash the car

You / I

She /He / It Salma will not wash the car

‫الجمل المنف ة‬
Negative

We / They + will + not + verb ( infinitve )

You / I

Will + She /He / It Will Ali pass the exam?

Interrogative

subject + V We / They
‫السؤال‬

( inf ) You / I

 We use ( going to + verb ( inf ) ):

1) To talk about plans and intentions:
Ex: Sami is going to be a doctor.

2) When a situation in the present means that an action is sure to

happen in the future
Ex: look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain.

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 Singular She/He/It Is + going to + verb My friend is going to find
subject your lost key.
Affirmative
‫الجمل المث تة‬

Plural subject We/They/You Are + going to + They are going to spend

verb a month at Egypt.
I Am + going to + I am going to do aproject
verb (inf) about the weather.
She/He/It Isn’t + going to + Ali isn’t going to travel
verb next month
‫الجمل المنف ة‬
Negative

We/They/ You Aren’t + going to +

verb
I Am not + going to I am not going to study
+ verb in cambridge university.
Is she/he/it + going Is she going to learn new
to + verb language.
Interrogative

Are we/they/you +
‫السؤال‬

going to + verb

Am I + going to + verb Am I going to write the

essay?

Exercise
Complete the sentence with will or going to:
1) Listen to the thunder! There ………………….be a big storm
2) The next train to Hampton………………………….leave from paltform 2
3) I ……………………….miss the train.
Note:
You can use the present continuous
for future events which are the
result of plans or arrangements in
the present

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We use the present perfect:
1) For actions that have happened during a period of time. Exactly
when the actions happened is unknown.
E.x: Miranda and Jason have tried many sports.

2) when an action happened in the past and we can see the result of
that action now.
E.X: Look! Someone has broken the window.

3) with Since, for and just with the present perfect

 Use since+ a definite time
E.X: My uncle has lived in Paris since 2005

 Use For+ a period of time

E.X.: Sally has been ill for two weeks.

 Use just for actions which happened a very short time ago.
E.X: Harry has just gone to school.

 Use yet with questions and negative sentences.

E.x:1: Have you finished your homework yet?
E.x:2: I haven’t finished my homework yet.

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 Singular She/He/It My uncle has lived in paris since
Affirmative
‫الجمل المث تة‬
subject Has + V3 2005
Plural We/They/You/I
subject Have + V3
She/He/It She hasn’t finished the exam
‫الجمل المنف ة‬
Negative

Hasn’t + V3
We/They/ I havent written my composition
You/I Havent + V3 yet.
Has she/he/it + V3 Has she just stole my bag?
Interrogative
‫السؤال‬

Have we/they/you/I + Have you finished your

V3 homework yet?

Exercise:
Write sentences using the present perfect and just.
1. Someone took my bag a moment ago.
_______________________________________________________
2. John bought some CDs a minute ago.
______________________________________________________

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 We use the present perfect continuous:
1) When an action started in the past and is still continuing now.
E.X She has been waiting for you all day (= and she's still waiting now).

2) When the result of a past action is visible now and that action
continued for some time.
E.X eyes are red. I think she has been crying.

Form: Subject + helping verb (has/have)+ been + verb.ing

Singular She/He/It Has + been + v It has been raining

Affirmative
‫الجمل المث تة‬

subject +ing
Plural We/They/You/I Have + been + v They have been playing tennis
subject +ing
She/He/It Has + been + v Joe hasn’t been swimming
‫الجمل المنف ة‬
Negative

+ing
We/They/ Have + been + v I havent been studying
You/I +ing
Has she/he/it + been Has she been crying?
Interrogative

+ v +ing
‫السؤال‬

Have we/they/you/I + Have you been sleeping?

been + v +ing

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 Make Do
Announcement Research
Changes Practice
Copy

Exercise:
Complete the sentences with make or do and the words in
the box:

Practice announcement copies research

1) Listen carefully! I need to …………………..an

important……………………….
2) Professor Brown………………………made enough……………………..of the
leaflet for all the students.
3) Has George…………………………….his piano………………………..yet?
4) The students will…………………. ……………………..into four board
subject areas.

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Vocabulary
Word Parts of Definition Arabic
speech meaning
1 Evil Adj Wicked ‫شرير‬
2 Destroy V Put an end to the existence ‫هدم‬
3 Astonishing Adj Extermely impressive ‫مذهل‬

4 Amazing Adj Astonishing ‫مذهل‬

5 Fascinating Adj Charming / attractive ‫جذاب‬

6 Sight N Seen / view ‫مشهد‬

7 Metropolitan N ‫العاصمة‬

8 Exhibits N Public display in a museum ‫المعارض‬

9 Vivid Adj Alive ‫ﺣي‬

10 Booed V Say boo to show disapproval ‫استهجن‬

11 Billboards N a large outdoor board for displaying ‫لوﺣة‬

advertisements ‫اﻹعﻼنات‬
12 Solar Adj Ralating to sun ‫شمسي‬

13 sightseeing N the activity of visiting places in particular ‫معالم المدينة‬

location

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Read the text on S.B page ( 18 + 19) ( New York! New York! ), then
answer the question below:
1) Where did holly and Sofia visit while they were in New York?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2) What was the address?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3) How many works of art has it?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) What could they see from the roof garden?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5) Where was the lion king showing?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) What was the job Professor Brown gave them to do?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7) Where would they find more information?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….
8) If a group of students had come to your town, what special places would
you advise them to visit? Why?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Comparative and superlative

1) Comparison: to compare two iteams , there are two ways to compare:
A) use ( -er ) ……than with one syllable adjective:

E.g., small smaller

E.g., tall taller
E.g., Big bigger
B) use more ………….than with an agjectives with three or more syllables:
E.g., peaceful He is more peaceful than his neighbour.
E.g., harmful cats are more harmful than dogs.
2) Superlative: is used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower
limit of a quality.
A) use ( -est ) ……than with one syllable adjective:

E.g., hot hottest

E.g., tall tallest
E.g., smart smartest
E.g., small smallest
B) We use the most + adjective with:
1. Some two-syllable adjectives
E.g., polite Samy is the most polite person in the family.
E.g., delicious this is the most delicious cake.
2. Adjectives with three-syllables or more:

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 E.g., Beautiful Tasneem is the most beautiful girl in the school.
E.g., astonishing the trip was the most astonishing one I have ever had.

Spelling
 In some words, oi and oy make the sound / ɔɪ / :
1) ( Oi ) is usually used in the middle of a word.
E.X: Spoil Choice
2) ( Oy ) is usually at the end of the word.
E.X: Boy Joy
3) ( Oy ) is used in the middle of a word when it is followed by a vowel.
E.X: Royal Soya

Add oi or oy to each word:

A) T__ __
B) __ __ l
C) J __ __ n
D) Empl __ __
E) Sp __ __ l

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 Conjunction: because
 Conjunction: joins two main clauses together.
 Clause: is a group of words that mainly consists of subject and verb.
The conjunction because:
1) is used to join two ideas.
2) gives a reason for something.
E.X: They went to New York. They had won a competition.
- They went to New York because they had won a competition.
Reason
 Usually because comes in the middle of the sentence but it can also come
at the beginning.
E.X: Because the museum is so vast and there is so much to see, we were given a
floor plan.

Write three sentences with because using the clauses in the box:

We were scared we heard the dogs barking we ran as fast as we could

We realized we were lost we stopped as soon as we could we saw the explosion

1)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

When adjectives precede the noun, they usually appear in this order:
 Opinion + Size + age + shape

E.X: a Beautiful, big book ( opinion + size)

A tall , young man ( Size + Age )
Strange, little ,round holes ( opinion + size + shape )

Put the adjectives in front of the nouns in the correct order:

1. A castle ( ancient, amazing)………………………………………………………………….
2. A box ( round, tiny)………………………………………………………………………………
3. A lady ( old, little)…………………………………………………………………………………

 Other adjectives usually appear in this order after listing:

Opinion + size + age + shape + colour + origin + material + purpose

E.X: Black, Russian bears ( colour + origin )

A chinese, silk shawl ( origin + material )

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 Verbs of perception are a verbs that convey the experience of one of the physical
senses.

E.x.: see, hear, feel, smell, watch

After verbs of perception:
 Use the infinitive ( without to ) for short, sudden, completed
action.
E.X: she heard the balloon burst.
Holly heard someone shout her name.
 Use the present participle for longer, continuing action
(unfinished action).
E.X: he could feel the water rising.
I felt an insect biting my arm.

Write two sentences using two of the phrasal verbs:

Phrasal Definition Meaning

verb
Come from to be born, got ‫يأتي من‬
from
Come to find something ‫يﻛتشف بالمصادفة‬
across by chance

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1)…………………………………………………… Come apart To become ‫ ينفصل‬/ ‫ينقسم‬
separated
………………………………………………………
Come up Appear ‫يظهر‬
……………………………………………………..
Come by To get something ‫يﺣصل‬
2)…………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………

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Vocabulary
Word Parts of Definition Arabic
speech meaning
1 Carnivore N An animal that feeds on meat. ‫أﻛﻼت اللﺣوم‬

2 Chorus N a large organized group of singers ‫جوقة‬

3 Horizen N The visible line that appears in the sky ‫أفق‬

4 Drench V To soak ‫يبلل‬

5 Blindly Adv As if blind ‫على نﺣو‬

‫أعمى‬
6 Reserve N An area that set to protect animals ‫مﺣمية‬

7 Slither V To move smoothly over the ground ‫ينزلق‬

8 Plunge V To suddenly put something or someone ‫يندفع‬

into a situation
9 Hover V To stay in the air without travelling in any ‫يﺣوم‬
direction
10 Glimpse V See briefly ‫يلمح‬

11 Horn N Part of animal’s head ‫قرن‬

12 Scent N Distinctive smell ‫رائﺣة‬

13 Mythical Adj Related to myth ‫أسطوري‬

14 Shudder V To shake slightly ‫يرتجف‬

15 Sway V To move from one side to another ‫يتأرجح‬

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Read the text on S.B page ( 28 + 29) ( The White Giraffe ), then answer
the question below:
1) Why did Martine decide to go into the reserve?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2) How did Martine know what the code for the padlock was?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3) What did Martine see when she first went through the gate?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) What did Martine tell herself she had to do?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5) Why was she disappointed when she got to the waterhole?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) Which sense told Martine to turn round very, very slowly?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7) What was particularly bad about the cape cobra?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….

8) Find out from the text:

A) A proper noun:……………………………….
B) An article:………………………………………
C) Helping verb:……………………………..
D) A conjunction:………………………………
E) Lexical verb:…………………………………
F) An adjective:……………………………………

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  Transitive verb: it needs an object to complete the meaning.
E.X: we need a boat
Sub + V + Obj
Ali sent a gift for me
My mom made a chocolate cake.
 Intransitive verb: doesn’t need an object to complete the meaning.
E.X: the shark swam around the boat.
Sub + V
She slept at midnight.
Classify these verbs into transitive or intransitive verbs:

Swirl contain cover trudge chirp capture

Transitive Intransitive

Spelling gh word

 Sometimes gh makes the sound /f/:

Ex: enough, rough, cough, laugh
 When gh is followed by t, the gh is silent:
E.X: naughty, straight, right, thought

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 Language development
 Joining two clauses with a conjunction and, or, but to
Form compound sentence: Remember:
E.X: I go to city school and my sister goes there, too. Clause can
be a
Our school is large but it’s a friendly place.
sentence
We can go to school by bus or we can go by train. on its own.

 Sentences can contain more than two main clauses

Joined by a conjunction:
E.X: he has found its tracks and he has followed them but he has been
never lucky enough to see the animal itself.
Rewrite each sentence as three separate Remember:

Sentences: Usually, you should

avoid joining three
1) Sam was keen on football and he practised main clauses using
every week but he was never chosen for the team. and both times.

………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………….

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  We use the past perfect for an action which happened before another
action in the past.
E.X: The train had just left when I arrived at the station.

Form: Subject + helping verb (had) + past participle (V.3).

She /He / It
Affirmative
‫الجمل المث تة‬

We / They + had + past participle ( V3 ) She had played basketball

You / I before.

She /He / It He had not finished hiswork.

‫الجمل المنف ة‬
Negative

We / They + had + not + past participle

You / I (V3)

Had + She /He / It Had they eaten all the

Interrogative

subject + We / They sndwiches?

‫السؤال‬

past You / I
participle
V3

Correct the verb between brackets:

Exercise:
1) Martine opened the padlock. She ………………………..out the code the
previous week. ( find )
2) She could not believe that it…………………….so easy to open the padlock.
(be)
3) Martine went to the place where
she…………………………..first……………………the giraffe. (spot)
4) After the rain………………………………….., the air seemed fresh and cool.
(stop).

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  We use the past perfect continuous:

1) When an earlier past action continued for some time

E . X : When I met Sara, she had been living in

Lebanon 2 years.

2) When an earlier past action had been happening around a certain point in
the past.

E.X: Lucy tried to remember the previous day’s events. At one o’clock she
had been having lunch with her mother. At three o’clock she had been
watching TV.

Form: Subject + helping verb (had) + been + V + ing.

She /He / It
Affirmative
‫الجمل المث تة‬

We / They + had + been + V + ing She had been watching the

You / I move for 2 hours

She /He / It
‫الجمل المنف ة‬
Negative

We / They + had + not + been + V + ing They hadn’t been doing their
You / I work since 2003.

Had + She /He / It

Interrogative

subject + We / They Had the kid been watching

‫السؤال‬

been + V + You / I cartoon for eight days?

ing

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There are several ways to express the idea of purpose or intention:
1) So + clause:

E.X: give me your number so I can phone you.

Martine listened carefully so that she could remember the code.
2) To + infinitive:

E.X: He went to Paris to learn French.

Sally bought some bunched of flowers to brighten up her
apartment.
3) In order to + infinitive:

E.X: she went to the river in order to see the giraffe.

Write two sentences using two of Phrasal Definition Meaning

the phrasal verbs: verb

1)…………………………………………………… Set off To start a journey ‫ينطلق‬

……………………………………………………… Set in To begin ‫يبدأ‬

(intransive
……………………………………………………..
verb)
2)………………………………………………….. Set up To establish a new ‫يؤسس‬
company
…………………………………………………… Set about To start something ‫يبدأ‬
……………………………………………………… ( Transitive
verb )
Set out To start an activity ‫تبدأ‬
with a particular
aim

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Vocabulary
Word Parts of Definition Arabic
speech meaning
1 Destination N The place where someone is going ‫وجهة‬

2 Magnifience N The state of being beautiful ‫عظمة‬

3 Decorate V T add something to aplace in order to ‫يزين‬

make it more attractive
4 Ceremony N a formal religious or public occasion, ‫مراسم‬
typically one celebrating a particular event
or anniversary
5 Remarkable Adj Worthy of attention ‫ﻻفت للنظر‬
6 Ignore V To intentionally not paying attention ‫يتجاهل‬

7 Dazzling Adj Extremely bright ‫باهر‬

8 Royal Adj Connected to king or queen ‫ملﻛي‬
9 Office N Part of a building where people work ‫مﻛتب‬
10 Stunning Adj Extremely attractive ‫مدهش‬
11 Repeatedly Adv Many times ‫بشﻛل متﻛرر‬
12 Continent N one of the seven main areas of land on ‫قارة‬
the earth, such as Asia, Africa, or Europe
13 Bank N The sides of the river ‫ضفة النهر‬
14 Outer Adj outside ‫خارجي‬
15 Inner Adj Inside ‫داخلي‬
16 Residence N A place where someone lives ‫سﻛن‬
17 Administration N The process of running something ‫ادارة‬
18 Permanent N Lasting or remaining unchangable ‫دائم‬
19 Occasion N Particular event ‫مناسبة‬
20 Architecture N The art of designing buildings ‫هندسة‬
‫العمارة‬

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Vocabulary
Word Parts of Definition Arabic
speech meaning
21 Statues N A curved figure of human or animal ‫تمثال‬
22 Legenary Adj Based on legend ‫أسطوري‬
23 Fiercely Adv In a savagely violent ‫بعنف‬
24 Adorn V To make something look attractive ‫تزين‬
25 Murals N Painting executed directly on the wall ‫جدارية‬
26 Sleeveless Adj Having no sleeves ‫بدون أﻛمام‬
27 Pour V To flow ‫يسﻛب‬
28 Tricksters N A person who deceives people ‫مﺣتال‬
29 Repaired V To fix damages ‫يصلح‬
30 Features N A distinctive aspect of something ‫مميزات‬
31 Encouraged V To give support ‫شجع‬
32 Lavishly Adv In a large quantity and expensively ‫ببذخ‬
33 Impressively Adv In a way which makes people admire ‫بشﻛل مثير‬
something or someone ‫لﻺعجاب‬
34 Majestically Adv In a beautiful and grand way ‫جﻼلة‬
35 Uniquely Adv In a special way ‫فريد‬

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Read the text on S.B page ( 38 + 39) ( The grand palace ), then answer
the question below:
1) What are some of the comments that people make about the palace?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2) How big is the site of the palace?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3) How long is the wall around it?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) Who built the palace?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5) How many parts of the palace are there?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) What is the palace used for in the present time?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7) Which architectural styles can you see in the buildings?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….
8) How many important buildings of the palace complex are shown on the
leaflet?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9) What sort of clothes can you not wear when you visit the palace?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10) is it permitted to visit the inner court now?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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  Adverb = Adjective + Ly
E.X: impressive + Ly = impressively ( adverb )
Repeated + Ly = repeatedly (adverb)

 Complex sentence: has a main clause and at least one subordinate

clause.
 A subordinate clause: has a verb bit it doesn’t make sense by itself
(dependent clause necessarily needs the independent part to
complete the meaning)
E.X: when john arrived at the station, he found the train had already
left.
Rewrite each group of simple sentences as
Subordinate clause:
An complex one:
1) Time clauses = as
1) The sun rose. Ben jumped out of bed soon as / when
2) Relative clause =
…………………………………………………………………..
which / that
…………………………………………………………………… 3) Participle -ing
clauses
2) The cat leaped onto the wall. It was 4) With clauses
holding a dead mouse in its mouth.
…………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………..

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  If the introductory sentence is in the Simple Present, there is no backshift
of tenses .
E.X:

● Direct Speech → Susan: “Mary works in an office.”

● Reported Speech → Susan says (that)* Mary works in an office.
The introductory sentence is here: Susan says ... → this sentence is in the Simple
Present, so there is no backshift of tenses.

 When the reporting verb is in the past ( said / told / shouted) the verbs
which were in the direct speech change.
Direct speech Reported speech
Present simple Past simple
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Past simple Past perfect
Will would

 Remember to change the pronouns:

Direct speech Reported speech
I She / he
You Him
Me Her
Ours Theirs
My His

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 Report the statements. Change the tense and make other changes as
necessary:
1) “ the grand palace is magnificent,” said the guide.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) “The buildings are highly decorated,” she explained.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) “We are enjoying our tour,” said the tourists.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) One man said, “ I will definitely return to Thailand”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) “My guide speaks excellent English,” said one women.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) “I cant believe how hot the weather is” said a girl.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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Reported commands:
There is no backshift of tenses with commands/requests/offers/promises etc., in
Reported Speech.

Affirmative commands → to + infinitive :

● Direct Speech → Mum: “Tidy your room.”
● Reported Speech → Mum told me to tidy my room

Negative commands → not + to + infinitive

● Direct Speech → Policeman: “Don’t Park there.”
● Reported Speech → The policeman told me not to park there.

Report theses commands. Use told or asked.

1) “Drink plenty of water,” the mother told her son.
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) “Don’t wear shorts and sleeveless tops,” the guide said to us.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) “Please, lend me your camera, Laura,” said Jack.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) One man said, “I will definitely return to Thailand”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) “Give it back to me immediately,” Laura said to Jack.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) “Take my advice and prepare thoroughly you’re your exams,” said Mr Day
to his students.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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The present simple is used for fixed and certain events in the future:
1) Statements about the calendar.
E.X: Today is Monday so tomorrow is Tuesday.
2) Events which can’t change.
E.X: When is the next full moon?
3) planned, fixed events.
E.X: What time is the football match?
4) With verbs such as arrive, come, leave, start. When referring to plans or
schedules.
E.X: our train leaves in ten minutes.

Phrasal Definition Meaning

Write two sentences using two of verb
the phrasal verbs: Hang on To wait ‫ينتظر‬
1)…………………………………………………… Hang To spend time ‫يتسﻛع‬
……………………………………………………… around somewhere
Hang up To finish talking ‫ينهي المﻛالمة‬
……………………………………………………..
Hang onto To keep something ‫ يﺣتفظ‬/ ‫يتشبث ب‬
2)…………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………… Hang back To be slow to do ‫يتخلف عن‬
……………………………………………………… something

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