SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

3 STORY RC BUILDING
(EQUIVALNT LATERAL FORCES)

USING ETABS ULTIMATE 19.0.2

(IS 1893:2016)

A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT

FOR 3 STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING OF MRS
MINA KUMARI TANGNAMI
DECLERATION OF REPORT

I, consultant/designer issuing this repudiation letter on behalf of final structural analysis and
design report for Mrs Mina Kumari Tangnami during and after construction of proposed
super structure.

The site supervisions and quality test of the different constructions materials of the proposed
building do not under taken by the consultant. Hence any failure or error occurred with the
building due to non- implementation of the recommendations made in this report and
structural drawing or due to improper construction will not be the responsibility of the
consultant/designer.

The structural analysis has been completed on the assumptions that the proposed building shall
be constructed under the proper supervisions of skilled technical manpower.

The designer will not be responsible if any alterations to the structural system is made by the
client or the contractor without the prior written permission from the designer, or the
alterations to the non-structural system is made such that the weight of each individual floor or
the weight of the building.

Er. Khim Bahadur Khadka

BE Civil
NEC Reg. No. 13908 “A”
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Building Description
This document presents the overall methodology and the key results of the structural design of
structural components of RC moment resisting frame system.

1.2 Structural System

RC special moment resisting frame system using reinforced concrete is used to carry the gravity
load as well as to resist the lateral loads. RC footings are used to transfer the load of the building
to supporting soil. The components of structural system used for this report are summarized in
the following table.
Table 1 Component of Structural System
Structural System Element Typical Component Types

RC special moment Foundation Isolated Foundation

resisting frame system Beams and Reinforced concrete
Column
Plinth Beams Reinforced concrete
Walls Brick Masonry with cement mortar

1.3 Codes, Standards and References

The basic building codes referred are listed below. However, specific applications of those code
provisions are discussed in the corresponding sections.
Building codes
 Seismic design of buildings IS 1893:2016
 Plain and Reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice, IS 456:2000
 Codes of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures,
IS 875 (Part 1): 1987
 Codes of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures,
IS 875 (Part 2): 1987
 Wind load Analysis, IS 875(part-3):1987
 Ductile Detailing of RC structures NBC 105:2020
Other references
 Related research papers and reports.
2 BASIC MATERIALS
2.1 Concrete
The minimum compressive strength measured at 28 days, for the cube specimen used in
different types of structural components are shown in the following table.
Table 1 Concrete used in structural components
Member f'c (Nominal) (MPa)
Footings 20
Beams 20
Plinth beams, Lintel 20
Column 20

The properties of concrete chosen are as follows:

Density : 25 KN/m3
Poisson’s ratio : 0.2
Modulus of elasticity : 22360 N/mm2
2.2 Reinforcement steel (Rebar)
Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design should be of strength 500
MPa.
Density : 76.97 KN/m3
Poisson’s ratio : 0.3
Modulus of elasticity : 200000 N/mm2

2.3 Soil Bearing Capacity

Soil type II is assumed in the current design. The allowable bearing capacity is approximately
assumed as 150 KN/m2.

2.4 Data Entry in Software

This chapter provides model geometry information, including items such as story levels, point
coordinates, and element connectivity.

2.5 Story data

Table 2 Story data
Name Height Elevation Master Similar To Splice Story
m mm Story
3RD FLOOR 3.048 9.144 No None No
2ND FLOOR 3.048 6.096 No None No
1ST FLOOR 3.048 3.048 No None No
Base 0 0 No None No

2.6 Materials
Table 3 Material properties - Summary
Name Type E ν Unit Design Strengths
MPa Weight
kN/m³
HYSD500 Rebar 200000 0.3 76.9729 Fy=500 MPa, Fu=545 MPa
M20 Concrete 22360.68 0.2 24.9926 Fc=20 MPa
2.7 Frame Section
Table 4 Frame sections - Summary
Name Material Shape
Beam 230X350(9”X14”) M20 Concrete Rectangular
Col 300x300(12”X12”) M20 Concrete Rectangular

2.8 Shell
Table 5 Shell sections - Summary
Name Design Type Element Type Material Total
Thickness
mm
Slab127(5”) Slab Shell-Thin M20 127

3 LOADS
3.1 Unit weight of materials
Table 6 unit weight of material
S.N Descriptions Unit weight Reference
1 Concrete 25 KN/m³ IS-875(part 1) - 198
7
2 Masonry wall 19.2 KN/m³ IS-875(part-1)-
1987(Table-1)
3 Cement Concrete, plain 12.55 KN/m³ IS-875(part-1)-
1987(Table-1)
4 Plaster Punning 20.4 KN/m³ IS-875(part-1)-
1987(Table-2)

3.2 Gravity Load

Self-weight of the structure is considered as dead load and finishes and partitions are
considered as superimposed dead load. Live load is determined in accordance with occupancy
or use. The following loads are in addition to the self-weight of the structure. The minimum
loading requirements shall be taken from IS 875 (Part 2)-1987 or equivalent.
Table 7 Imposed loads used in analysis
Occupancy or Use Live Load
Rooms 2.0 KN/m2
Corridors, passages, balconies and staircase 3.0 KN/m2
Flat, sloping, curved roofs 1.5 KN/m2
Inaccessible roofs 0.75 KN/m2

3.3 Seismic Load

The basic seismic input shall be determined from IS 1893:2016based earthquake is used as
Design Basis Earthquake in code-based design.

Inertial loads due to earthquake will be applied at the mass centres of each level. These forces
would be either calculated manually or auto generated by using the Auto Seismic Loads function
of the software ETABS version 19.0.2 and used for analysis. For all structures, the seismic base
will be considered at foundation level.

The Lateral loads for the all building would be resisted by special moment resisting frames.

Equivalent Seismic coefficient method shall be used depending on the building height and
geometric configuration as specified in clause IS 1893:2016 Appropriate actions would be taken
as recommended by IS code for Structural irregularities. Appropriate percentage of imposed
load will be considered in seismic weight calculations.

Table 8 Seismic Loading parameters

Parameter Value
Zone factor, Z 0.36
Importance factor 1.0
Soil type II
Response Reduction Factor 5 (SMRF)
Height of Building 9.14m from plinth

Calculation of earthquake loads using Seismic coefficient method:

The design horizontal seismic coefficient,
Ah = Z*I*Sa/2Rg
Where Z=zone factor
I = Importance factor
R = Response reduction factor
Sa/g = average response acceleration coefficient
The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (T a) in seconds, of moment-resisting
frame buildings with brick infill panels,
may be estimated by the empirical expression:

Ta = 0.075*h0.75
Where,
h = Height of Building in meter, includes the basement Storey and
Z = 0.36
Ah= ZISa/2Rg
Ta = 0.075*h0.75
= 0.075*9.140.75
=0.394sec
Sa/g = 2.5(from graph in page no 9, 1893 (part 1)-2016)
Ah = ZISa/2Rg
= 0.36*1.0*2.5/ (2*5)
= 0.09

The total design lateral force or design seismic base shear (V B) along any principal direction is
determined by the following expression

VB = Ah*W
=0.09*1869.99KN
=168.29KN
Where, Ah = the design horizontal seismic coefficient
W = Seismic weight of the building

Figure Seismic Load Pattern define in software (sample for equivalent IS CODE 1893:2016)
3.4 Response spectrum data with function for dynamic analysis
Dynamic analysis has not been carried out for this building as per the condition provided in IS
1893:2016. Hence no data has been entered.
3.5 Load Patterns
Table 9 Load pattern used in analysis and design

3.6 Load Calculations

3.7 Slab Load
Table 10 Slab load used in analysis and design
Slab Thickness 127 mm 3.175 KN/m2

3.8 Wall Load

Table 11 Load used in analysis as wall loads/partition loads
Type of Wall Thicknes Density Opening Height W Load
s Adopted
m KN/m3 % m KN/m KN/m
9" Wall without 0.230 19.2 0.00 2.65 11.7 11.7
Opening

9" Wall with 0.230 19.2 30.00 2.65 8.19 8.2

Opening

5" Wall without 0.110 19.2 0.00 2.65 5.85 5.9

Opening

5" Wall with 0.110 19.2 30.00 2.65 4.095 4.1

Opening

Parapet Wall 0.110 19.2 0.00 1.00 2.2 2.2

3.9 Load cases
Load cases are the independent loading for which the structure is explicitly analyzed.
Earthquake forces occur in random fashion in all directions. For building whose lateral load
resisting elements are oriented in two principal directions, it is usually sufficient to analyze in
these two principal directions (X and Y directions) separately one at a time. Thus, the load cases
adopted are as follows:
a) Dead Load (DL)
b) Live Load (LL)
c) Earthquake Load in ±ve X-direction
d) Earthquake Load in ±ve Y-direction

3.10 Load combinations for Parallel System

Ultimate strength design load combinations used in code-based design are shown in the
following table Clause 3.6.1.
Table 12 Ultimate Strength Design Load Combinations used in Code-based Design
1.5DL
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL±EQX)
1.2(DL+LL±EQY)
1.5(DL±EQX)
1.5(DL±EQY)
0.9DL±1.5EQX
0.9DL±1.5EQY

Where: D = Dead load

LL = Live load
EQ = Effects of forces at DBE level
4 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
This chapter presents the finite element modeling, analysis and design procedures used in the
code-based design.

4.1 Positioning and orientation of column

Figure 1: Positioning of columns

4.2 Spanning of Slab

Figure 2: Slab dimension, labels and diaphragms

4.3 Wall , Live Loads and Floor Finish loads to the slab
In frame structure building wall do not bear any load. As per building code (NBC), or as practice,
we have to assign wall load (self-wt. of wall) to beam.

Figure 3: Wall load as per calculation

Figure 4: Live loads assign to slabs

 Figure 5: Floor Finish loads assign to slabs

4.4 Modeling of Structural System

Figure 6: Modeling of structure

4.5 Analysis Procedures
The analysis has been carried out using a standard software package ETABS v19.0.2 based on
finite element method. The software is capable to carrying out a three-dimensional analysis. A
three-dimensional linear elastic analysis has been carried out. A model based on rigid
diaphragm concept has been considered. This is done by creating a special joint at the center of
mass of each floor level and constraining all the joints at this level by diaphragm constraint.

The structure is assumed to be fixed at the plinth level. Below plinth beams footing has been
provided.

The stiffness contribution of brick walls in the structure has been ignored and the building has
been modeled as a “Bare Frame” with no infill wall panels.
The flange effect of the slab has been neglected. The beams have been modeled as rectangular
beams.

Analysis procedures used for code-based design are presented in the following sections

Load cases Analysis type

Static Analysis Linear Static Analysis
Dynamic Analysis Not Considered

4.6 Modal Analysis

Modal analysis is carried out to determine the modal properties of the building. 100% of dead
load and superimposed dead load and 30% of live load are considered as mass source in modal
analysis. Eigen analysis is used. Sufficient number of vibration modes shall be considered to
achieve at least 90% of participating mass of the building.

4.7 Linear Static Procedure (LSP)

Linear static analysis is carried out for gravity loadings. Gravity load basically includes live load
in slab and distributed load on beams.

4.8 Seismic coefficient method

Equivalent seismic coefficient analysis has been carried out as per the clause 6 of IS
1893:2016code. At least 90% of the participating mass of the building is considered in each of
two orthogonal principal directions of the building. Orthogonal effects are considered by
designing elements for 100 percent of the prescribed design seismic forces in one direction. 5%
constant modal damping is considered in the analysis

The structural components are designed to satisfy the strength and ductility requirements.
Strength capacity for different types of actions considered in the design is summarized in the
table below.
Table 13 Design approach
Structural Component Design Code References
System Approach/Consideration
Special moment Reinforced Axial compression, Shear and IS 456 : 2000
resisting frame Concrete (Beams, flexural
system Slab, Columns)
Footings Bearing capacity of soil IS 456 : 2000
5 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULTS
This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the residential building. The structural
components were analyzed using static coefficient method. In static analysis, linear static
method was adopted.

5.1 Bending Moment Diagram

Figure 7: Sample Bending Moment Diagram of model ((DL+LL))

5.2 Shear Force Diagram

Figure 8: Sample Shear Force Diagram of model ((DL+LL))

5.3 Axial Force Diagram

Figure 9: Sample Axial Force Diagram of model ((DL+LL))

5.4 Deform Shape of Building

Figure 10: Deform shape of Building in various mode shapes

Mode shape analysis is must after the analysis. For mode-1, the period obtained is 0.579
seconds. We can analyze and design the structure by choosing the nature of deformation as
shown above.
5.5 Base Shear Calculation Results calculated by ETABS itself

5.6 User Coefficient Auto Seismic Load Calculation along x-x axis
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQx
according to IS 1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z=0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table
R=5
9]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I =1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g Sa Sa

=2.5 =2.5
[IS 6.4.2] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0.524 2962.6184 266.6357
X + Ecc.
0.524 2962.6184 266.6357
Y
X - Ecc. Y 0.524 2962.6184 266.6357

Applied Story Forces

 Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story 131.818
9.144 0
3 1
Story 106.387
6.096 0
2 5
Story
3.048 28.4301 0
1
Base 0 0 0

5.7 User Coefficient Auto Seismic Load Calculation along Y-Y axis
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQy
according to IS 1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z=0.36
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table
R=5
9]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I =1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g Sa Sa

=2.5 =2.5
[IS 6.4.2] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period
Directio W Vb
Used
n (kN) (kN)
(sec)
2962.61 250.512
Y 0.579
84 7
Y + Ecc. 2962.61 250.512
0.579
X 84 7
2962.61 250.512
Y - Ecc. X 0.579
84 7

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story3 9.144 0 123.8473
Story2 6.096 0 99.9544
Story1 3.048 0 26.711
Base 0 0 0
6 PARAMETERS CHECKED AFTER STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
OF STRUCTURE.
6.1 Modal Mass Participation ratios

Modal analysis was performed in order to determine the vibration modes of a building. The first
and second modes of the building are translation in X and Y directions while the third mode is in
torsion. More than 90 % of mass has been participated in FIFTH mode in both directions. The
natural periods and modal participating mass ratios are shown in table

Natural frequencies of the various mode within the limit.

6.2 Displacement in the Building
6.2.1.1 Maximum Story Drift

Figure 5 Storey Drift due to EQx

Figure 6 Storey Drift due to EQy

Maximum story drift limit based on IS 1893:2016is 0.004
Maximum drift ratio = 0.0015
Permissible drift > Actual drift Hence Safe
6.2.1.2 Maximum Story Displacement

Permissible displacement=0.4 %X 9.144 X 1000 = 36.5mm

Figure 7Storey displacement due to Eqx

Figure 8 STOREY DISPLACEMET DUE TO EQy

Actual maximum displacement = 12.93 mm
Permissible displacement > Actual displacement Hence Safe
6.3 Member Design Pass Verification

Figure 9 Member design pass verification

6.4 Display Footing Reaction in Tabulated Form

Figure 14: Base reactions in tabulated form

7 SAMPLE DESIGNS OF VARIOUS RCC STRUCTURES
7.1 Design of Stair Case using excel-sheet (sample)
SAMPLE DESIGN OF STAIRCASE USING EXCEL SHEET (SAMPLE)
INPUT PARAMETERS
Lets us select Steps of Rise = 150 mm
Tread = 254 mm
Floor to Floor Height = 3.2 m
\ Height of One Flight = 1500 mm
\Number of Raisers = 10
Hence Number of Tread Required = 9
Length of First Landing = 0.000 m
Length of Second Landing = 1.210 m
Width of Going = 1 m
Length of Going = 2.75 m
Widt of Support = 0.23 m
Unit Weight of RCC = 25 KN/m3
Floor Finish Per m Width = 1.25 KN/m
Live Load Per m Width = 3 KN/m
Characteritics Compressive Strength of Concrete = 20 N/mm2
Grade of Steel Fy = 500 N/mm2
Effective Span
The Stairs Slab Spans Longitudinally
Essective Span = Center to Center distance of wall = 4.19 m
Loads
A:-Loads on Going
Let us Take Modification Factor = 1.5
\Effective Depth d = 139.67 mm
Let us take, Effective Depth d = 100 mm
Assume Dia of Bar f = 10 mm
Effective Cover = 15 mm
Overall Depth D = 127 mm
Let us Find Load Per meter Horizontal Width of Stair
\ Weight of Waist Slab = 3.69 KN/m
Weight of Steps = 1.88 KN/m
\ Dead Load = 5.56 KN/m
In Going Portion With Finishing Load, Let us Take
Dead Load DL = 6.81 KN/m

B:-Loads on Landing Slab

Dead Load DL = 3.490 KN/m
With Finishing Load It Can be Taken as = 4.74 KN/m
\ Factor Load on Going Per m Horizontal Width = 14.72 KN/m
\ Factor Load on Landing Slab Per m Horizontal Width = 11.61 KN/m

Design Moment
14.72 KN/m
11.61 KN/m 11.61 KN/m

A 0 2.75 m 1.33 m B

Taking Moment About B,

 RA = 29.3 KN
RB = 26.5 KN
Shear Force is Zero at X = 2.53 m
Maximum Moment Occurs at 3 m
From A = 27.11 KNm
Mul i m = 27.6 KNm
Here Mul i m > Mu
Hence, The Section Can Be Designed As Singly Reinforced.

Reinforcement
Main Reinforcement
Calculation of Percentage of Steel
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6*BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] = 0.35 %
Required Area of Reinforcement As t = 350.00 mm2
Dia of Bar f = 12 mm
Area of Bar Af = 113.10 mm2
Required Spacing = 323 mm
Provide 12 mm Dia @150 mm c/c Sv = 150 mm
Provided As t = 753.98 mm2
Provided Pt = 0.540 %
Distribution Reinforcement
As t = 0.12 % of Gross Crossectional Area = 152.4 mm2
Assume Dia of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing = 329.8 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia @150 mm c/c Sv = 150 mm

Check For Shear

Design Shear Force Vu = 29.3 KN
Provided Pt = 0.540 %
From IS 456:2000 Table 19
Design Shear Strength of Conctere tc = 0.493 N/mm2
tv = 0.29 N/mm2
Hence t c > t v Safe `
Check For Deflection
fs=0.58*fy* Ast required/Ast provided = 134.62 N/mm2
Provided Pt = 0.540 %
α= 20 l= 1
β= 1 d= 1
Modifaction factor g = 1.7
(L/d) Allowable = 34
(L/d) Actual = 30
(L/d) Allowable > (L/d) Actual
Hence Safe
7.2 Design of Slab using excel-sheet (sample)

Sample Design of Two Way Slab (Using Excel Sheet)

Input Parameters:-
Characteristics Compressive Strength of Concrete Fck = 20 N/mm2
Grade of Steel Fy = 500 N/mm2
Slab ID # 23-BC
Width of Support = 0.23 m
Unit Weight of RCC  = 25 KN/m3
Case:- 3.2 One Long Edge Discontinous

1. Calculation of Effective & Overall Thickness:-

Clear Span
Length of Slab Along Shoter Direction Lx = 4.11000 m
Length of Slab Along Longer Direction Ly = 4.26
Let us Take, Modificatio Factor  = 1.5
Effective Thickness of Slab d = 105 mm
Adopt Effective Thickness d = 102 mm
Assume Diameter of Bar  = 8 mm
Clear Cover = 15 mm
Total Depth D = 125 mm

2. Calculation of Effective Length:-

Effective Length of Slab Along Shoter Direction Lxeff. = 4.23 m
Effective Length of Slab Along Longer Direction Lyeff. = 4.38 m
Lyeff.
Lx = = 1.04
Lxeff.
Lyeff.
< 2
Lxeff.
Hence Two Way Slab is to be Designed

3. Calculation of Designed Moment And Shear :-

Design Loads
Self Weignt = 3.125 KN/m2
Foor Finish = 1.25 KN/m2
Partition Load = 1.00 KN/m2
Live Load = 3.00 KN/m2
Total Design Load = 8.38 KN/m2
Total Factored Load Wu = 12.56 KN/m2
From IS 456:2000 Table 26
For Shorter Span
Coefficient For Negative Moment x = -0.0398
Coefficient For Positive Moment x = 0.03
For Lonnger Span
 Coefficient For Negative Moment y = -0.043
Coefficient For Positive Moment y = 0.043
Design Negative Moment For Shoter Span = 8.93 KN-m
Design Positive Moment For Shoter Span = 6.73 KN-m
Design Negative Moment For Longer Span = 9.64 KN-m
Design Positive Moment For Longer Span = 9.64 KN-m
Design Moment is the Maximum Moment of Above Mu = 9.64 KN-m
Xulim = 49 mm
Mulim = 28.71 KN-m
Here Mulim > Mu
Singly Reinforced Section Can be Designed.

4. Design for Negative Moment :-

Minimum Ast Astmin = 150.00 mm2
Reinforcement In Shorter Direction
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6 BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.21 %
Required Ast Ast = 214.20 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
Use Ast = 150.00 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar  = 10 mm
Area of Bar  = 78.54 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 366.67 mm
Provide 10 mm Dia Bar @ 150mm C/C 150 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 523.60 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
O.K.
Provided Pt Pt = 0.51 %

Reinforcement In Longer Direction

Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6 BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.23 %
Required Ast Ast = 234.60 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
Use Ast = 234.60 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar  = 10 mm
Area of Bar  = 78.54 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 334.78 mm
Provide 10 mm Dia Bar @ 150mm C/C 150 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 523.60 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.51 %

5. Design for Positive Moment :-

Reinforcement In Shorter Direction
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6 BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.15 %
Required Ast Ast < 153.00 mm2
Use Ast = Astmin
 Assume Diameter of Bar  = 10 mm
Area of Bar  = 78.54 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 513.33 mm
Provide 10 mm Dia Bar @ 150mm C/C 150 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 523.60 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.51 %
Reinforcement In Longer Direction
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6 BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.23 %
Required Ast Ast = 234.60 mm2
Here Ast < Astmin
Use Astmin = 150.00 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar  = 10 mm
Area of Bar  = 78.54 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 334.78 mm
Provide 10 mm Dia Bar @ 150mm C/C 150 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 523.60 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.51 %

6.Check For Shear Along Shorter Direction :-

Design Shear Vu = 14.31 KN
Design Shear Strength v = 0.14 N/mm2
From IS:456-2000 Table:-19
Shear Stress in Concrete For Pt=0.51% c = 0.49 N/mm2
Enahancement Factor for Slab Thickness Less Than 148 mm = 1.3
Permissible Shear Stress in Concrete c = 0.64 N/mm2
 c > v
Hence Safe in One Way Shear

7.Check For Deflection Control :-

fs=0.58*fy*Ast required/ Ast provided = 129.94 N/mm2

Modification Factor = 2.16

2
l
Max = 40.0
d
l
Provided = 39.00
d
l l
d
Max
d
> Provided

Hence Safe In Deflection Check

7.3 Design of Footing using CSI-SAFE (sample)
7.4 Model properties
This section provides model properties, including items such as material properties,
section properties, and support properties.

7.5 Material properties

Table 1: Material Properties - Concrete

Material E U A UnitWt Fc LtWtConc UserMod

Rup
N/mm2 1/C kN/m3 N/mm2
M20 22360.000 0.200000 9.9000E- 2.356E+01 20.00000 No No
06

Table 2: Material Properties - Rebar

Material E UnitWt Fy Fu
N/mm2 kN/m3 N/mm2 N/mm2
Fe500 200000 7.6973E+01 500.00000 545.00000

7.6 Section properties

Table 3: Slab Properties - Solid Slabs

Slab Type MatProp Thickness Ortho

mm
COL 300 Stiff M20 350.000 No
ISF 350 Footing M20 350.000 No

7.7 Support properties

Table 4: Soil Properties

Soil Subgrade NonlinOpt

kN/m3
SOIL120 14400 Compression Only

7.8 Load cases

Table 5: Load Cases - Loads Applied

LoadCase LoadPat SF

Dead+Live Dead 1.000000

Dead+Live Dead_ABOVE 1.000000
Dead+Live Floor Finishing_ABOVE 1.000000
Dead+Live Live>3_ABOVE 1.000000
 LoadCase LoadPat SF

Dead+Live Live_ABOVE 1.000000

Dead+Live Partition_ABOVE 1.000000
Dead+Live Roof Live_ABOVE 1.000000
Dead+Live Wall_ABOVE 1.000000

7.9 Load Combination

Table 6: Load Combinations

Combo Load SF Type DSStrength DSServInit DSServNorm DSServLong

DL+LL Dead+Live 1.0 Linear Add Yes No Yes No

DL+LL Dead+Live 1.5 Linear Add No Yes No Yes

7.10 Analysis Results

7.10.1.1 Soil Pressure
Soil pressure is less than 120 KN/m2 hence footing is safe.

7.10.1.2 Punching Shear

The punching shear is not taken into account because of strap beam in
footing.
7.10.1.3 Allowable Settlement
Allowable settlement is assumed to be 25mm, hence settlement is within limit

7.10.1.4 Deformed shape at DL+LL

 7.10.1.5 Reinforcement in Footing

7.10.1.6 FOOTING SIZE WITH AVAILABLE DIMENSION

7.11 Design of Column by Analysis Software (Sample)

ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 C3 36 col 12"x12" DConS8 2692.4 3048 1
 Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 58 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
176.4766 -44.6318 21.2279 3.5295 3.5295 1068 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.622104 2692.4 -16.1837 0 3.5295
Minor Bend(M2) 0.623848 2692.4 5.5169 0 3.5295

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 26.6587 52.8831 30.0901 26.6587 337.85
Minor, Vu3 29.286 52.8831 30.0901 29.286 337.85

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 0 19.0419 206.6067 415.475 929 0.497
Minor Shear, Vu3 0 20.9186 231.4232 415.475 929 0.557

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
0.628 0.69

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
929 10.7 1236.5365 303.6498 176.4766 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 1 of 2)

 Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.883 304.8 5.495 12 No
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.883 304.8 5.511 12 No

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 2 of 2)

Ma
Moment (kN-m)
0
0

7.12 Design of Beam by Analysis Software (Sample)

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)
Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 B2 69 mb:9x14 DConS10 152.4 4114.8 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 355.6 228.6 0 60 60

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-57.7687 1.6801 58.9349 0

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-57.7687 2.5256 0 -60.2943

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

 Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -60.2943 581 0 581 145
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 291 0 81 291

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
73.417 0 85.176 36.3118 798.48

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
1.6801 58.9349 128.6 255.6 397.21

7.13 Area of steel for design of main bar

8 DESIGN SUMMARY
8.1 Footing Design Summary
Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 50 mm

Isolated Footing design summary

 Footing Footing Size (m) Depth Rebar Location in grid
Type (LXB) D d X-Dir (mm) Y-Dir (
mm mm Dia c/c Dia c/c
F1 5’X5’ 450 300 12 150 12 150
F2 6’0”X6’0” 450 300 12 150 12 150
F3 6’6”X6’6” 450 300 12 150 12 150
F4 7’6”x7’6” 450 300 12 150 12 150

8.2 Column Design Summary

Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 40 mm
All Floor Column
Column Column Size Ground Floor. First Floor. Second Floor.
C1 12” X 12” 4-20Ф+4-16 Ф 4-16Ф+4-16 Ф 4-16Ф+4-12 Ф
C2 12” X 12” 4-20Ф+4-16 Ф 4-20Ф+4-16 Ф 4-20Ф+4-16 Ф
C3 12” X 12” 4-16Ф+4-16 Ф 4-16Ф+4-16 Ф 4-16Ф+4-12 Ф

Table: All Floor Column Reinforcement Schedule

8.3 Beam Design Summary

Design Parameters: Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 25 mm
First Floor & second Floor Beam
Diameter Lateral Ties
Beam Total Ast
Location Rebar Beam Size Th-Bar Ex-Bar Shear
Span Bar No. (Sq.m) Spacing
no dia no dia Rein. Dia
Start Top 9” X 14” 2 16 2 12 4 628 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9” X 14” 2 16 1 12 3 515.22 8
Top 9” X 14” 2 16 0 0 2 402.12 8
Mid Span 6" c/c
Bottom 9” X 14” 2 16 1 12 3 515.22 8
End Top 9” X 14” 2 16 2 12 3 628 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9” X 14” 2 16 1 12 3 515.22 8
Table: Ground & First Floor Beam Reinforcement Schedule

Top Floor Beam

Diameter Lateral Ties

Total
Beam Ast
Location Rebar Beam Size Th-Bar Ex-Bar Bar
Span (Sq.m)
No. Shear Spacing
no dia no dia Rein. Dia
Start Top 9” X 14” 3 12 3 339.29 8 4" c/c
 Span Bottom 9” X 14” 3 12 0 0 3 339.29 8

Top 9” X 14” 3 12 0 0 2 339.29 8

Mid
6" c/c
Span
Bottom 9” X 14” 3 12 0 0 3 339.29 8

Top 9” X 14” 3 12 0 0 3 339.29 8

End
4" c/c
Span
Bottom 9” X 14” 3 12 0 0 3 339.29 8
Table: Second Floor Beam Reinforcement Schedule

Slab design summary

Overall Depth=5”
Typical slab reinforcement (cranked: Double Net at edges and Single Net at Mid span)
Top Bar: Provided Dia 10mm @ 150mm C/C in both x and y direction
Bottom Bar: Provided Dia 10mm @ 150mm C/C in both x and y direction
Balcony Projection slab
Top Bar: Provided Dia 10mm @ 300 mm C/C in x direction
Top Bar: Provided Dia 10mm @ 300 mm C/C in y direction
Bottom Bar: Provided Dia 10mm @ 300 mm C/C in x direction
9 CONCLUDING REMARKS
Reinforced concrete construction is common all over the world. It is used extensively for
construction of variety of structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, water tanks, stadiums,
towers, tunnels and so on.

Experiences from past earthquakes and extensive laboratories works have shown that a well-
designed and detailed reinforced concrete structure is suitable for earthquake resistant
structures. Ductility and strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by
following the recommendations made in the standard codes of practice for earthquake resistant
design.

Design and construction of the structure are inter-related jobs. A building behaves in a manner
how it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large percentage of
structure failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction. Therefore, quality
assurance is needed in both design and construction.

In earthquake resistant construction quality of materials and workmanship plays a very

important role. It has been observed that damages during earthquake are largely dependent on
the quality and workmanship. Hence, quality assurance is the most important factor in the good
seismic behavior of the structure.