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305 CBSE ClassX Mathematics ArithmeticProgressions RN

1. An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers where each term is calculated by adding a fixed number (the common difference) to the preceding term. 2. The common difference is the fixed number added between terms, which can be positive, negative, or zero. A sequence is an arithmetic progression if the differences between consecutive terms are all equal. 3. The general term of an arithmetic progression is given by an = a + (n-1)d, where a is the first term and d is the common difference.

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14 views

305 CBSE ClassX Mathematics ArithmeticProgressions RN

1. An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers where each term is calculated by adding a fixed number (the common difference) to the preceding term. 2. The common difference is the fixed number added between terms, which can be positive, negative, or zero. A sequence is an arithmetic progression if the differences between consecutive terms are all equal. 3. The general term of an arithmetic progression is given by an = a + (n-1)d, where a is the first term and d is the common difference.

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MATHS ARTHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

Arithmetic Progressions
1. A sequence is an arrangement of numbers in a definite order according to some rule.

2. The various numbers occurring in a sequence are called its terms. We denote the terms of a sequence
by a1, a2, a3,…etc. or x1, x2, x3,…etc. Here, the subscripts denote the positions of the terms. In general,
the number at the nth place is called the nth term of the sequence and is denoted by an. The nth term is
also called the general term of the sequence.

3. A sequence having a finite number of terms is called a finite sequence.

4. A sequence which do not have a last term and which extends indefinitely is known as an infinite
sequence.

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5. An arithmetic progression is a list of numbers in which each term is obtained by adding a fixed number
to the preceding term, except the first term.

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6. Each of the numbers of the sequence is called a term of an Arithmetic Progression. The fixed number by
which the successive terms differ is called the common difference. This common difference could be a
positive number, a negative number or even zero.

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7. A list of numbers a1, a2, a3…… is an A.P, if the differences a2–a1, a3–a2, a4–a3 … give the same value,
i.e., ak+1 – ak is same for all different values of k.
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8. The general form of an A.P. is a, a+ d, a+ 2d, a+3d…..

9. If the A.P a, a+d, a+ 2d……… is reversed to , -d, -2d………a, then the common difference
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changes to negative of the common difference of the original sequence.

10. An arithmetic progression having a finite number of terms is called a finite arithmetic progression,
such an A.P. always has a last term.
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11. An arithmetic progression which do not have a last term and which extends indefinitely is known as an
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infinite arithmetic progression.

12. Algorithm to determine whether a sequence is an AP or not, when we are given an algebraic formula
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for the general term of the sequence:

Step 1: Obtain an.


Step 2: Replace n by (n+1) in an to get an+1
Step 3: Calculate an+1 -an
Step 4: Check the value of an+1 – an. If an+1 – an is independent of n, then the given sequence is an A.P.
Otherwise, it is not an A.P.

13. The general term of an A.P is given by:


an = a + (n-1)d
where a is the first term and d is the common difference.

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MATHS ARTHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

14. Sometimes we require certain number of terms in A.P. The following ways of selecting terms are
generally very convenient.

Number Terms Common


of terms difference
3 a – d, a, a + d d
4 a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d 2d
5 a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d d
6 a – 5d, a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d 2d

It should be noted that in case of an odd number of terms, the middle term is a and the common
difference is d while in case of an even number of terms the middle terms are a – d, a + d and the
common differences is 2d.

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15. If three number a, b, c (in order) are in A.P. Then,

b a = Common difference = c b

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b a c b
2b a c

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Thus a, b, c are in A.P., if and only if 2b = a + c. In this case, b is called the arithmetic mean of a and c.

16. To find the nth term from the end, we consider this AP backwards such that the last term becomes the
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first term.
, ( - d), ( - 2d) ……
The general term of this AP is given by a = + (n - 1)(-d)
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n  n  1
17. Sum of first n natural numbers is given by .
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18. Sum of n terms of an A.P. is given by


n
Sn  2a  (n  1)d 
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where a is the first term, d is the common difference and n is the total number of terms.
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19. Sum of n terms of an A.P. is also given by:


n
Sn  a  
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where a is the first term and  is the last term.

20. The nth term of an A.P is the difference of the sum to first n terms and the sum to first (n-1) terms of it.
That is, an  Sn  Sn 1

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