University of Zakho

College of engineering
Mechanic department
4th stage

Experiment No. (2)

Heat Pump (colling)

Name : yousif araz othman

Stage : 4th Stage

Data Of Submitting: 12/10/2023

Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.PURPOSE: ................................................................................................................................................... 4
2. APPARATUS:............................................................................................................................................... 4
THEORY ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Experimental Procedure: .............................................................................................................................. 6
Calculation..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Discussion.................................................................................................................................................... 13
 Introduction

heat pump is part of a home heating and cooling system and is installed outside your home.
Like an air conditioner such as central air, it can cool your home, but it’s also capable of
providing heat. In cooler months, a heat pump pulls heat from the cold outdoor air and
transfers it indoors, and in warmer months, it pulls heat out of indoor air to cool your home.
They are powered by electricity and transfer heat using refrigerant to provide comfort all year
round. Because they handle both cooling and heating, homeowners may not need to install
separate systems to heat their homes. In colder climates, an electric heat strip can be added to
the indoor fan coil for additional capabilities. Heat pumps do not burn fossil fuel like furnaces
do, making them more environmentally friendly.
 1.PURPOSE:
1. Determining the coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump in cooling mode.
2. Comparison between COP for a Carnot refrigeration cycle and vapor compression
refrigeration system or heat pump in cooling mode.

2. APPARATUS:
The heat pump using working fluid (R134a) consist of the following parts (See fig. (1)):
1. Reciprocating Compressor: compresses the vaporous working fluid from evaporator pressure
to condenser pressure.
2. Shell and Coil Condenser: reject heat at constant pressure to the water.
3. Sight glass: used to see working fluid state after heat rejection process.
4. Pressure gauge: used to measure condenser pressure.
5. Thermostatic expansion (throttling) valve: expands the liquid working fluid at constant
enthalpy process.
6. Shell and Coil Evaporator: absorbs heat from the low temperature reservoir(water) at
constant pressure.
7. Sight glass: used to see working fluid state after heat absorption process.
8. pressure gauge: used to measure evaporator pressure.

FIGURE 1
 THEORY

FIGURE 2: IDEAL CYCLE OF THE HEAT PUMP

The ideal refrigeration cycle shown in figure (2), includes the following processes:
1-2: Isentropic compression, s2=s1 .
2-3: constant pressure heat rejection in the condenser.
3-4: Throttling in the expansion valve, h3=h4 .
4-1: constant pressure heat addition in the evaporator
The refrigeration effect (evaporator) may be calculated as follows:

𝑅𝐸 = 𝑞𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝. = 𝑞𝐿 = ℎ1 − ℎ4
Where:
h1 is the enthalpy at evaporator outlet (compressor inlet) at evaporator pressure, kJ/kg.
h4 is the enthalpy at evaporator inlet (expansion valve outlet) at evaporator pressure, kJ/kg.
The work added to the compressor, per unit mass, is

𝑤 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝. = ℎ2 − ℎ1
Where h2 is the enthalpy at compressor outlet (condenser inlet) at condenser pressure, kJ/kg.
The rejected heat from the condenser is:
 𝑞𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑. = 𝑞𝐻 = ℎ2 − ℎ3

Where h3 is the enthalpy at condenser outlet, kJ/kg.

The coefficient of performance of the heat pump (colling) is:
𝑞𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 ℎ1 − ℎ4
𝑐𝑜𝑝,𝑅𝐸 = =
𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚 ℎ2 − ℎ1

The Carnot COP of the heat pump is determined using the following:

𝑇𝐿
𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑐𝑎𝑟,𝑅𝐸 =
𝑇𝐻 − 𝑇𝐿

Experimental Procedure:

1. Pour a measured quantity of water inside water reservoir so that the heat

exchanger (condenser) is completely immersed in water.

2. Run the unit by using the main switch of the electrical power.

3. Record the readings of the temperatures and pressures of the evaporator and

condenser at specified time.

4. Repeat the third step each 5 minutes until the readings become stable.

For last reading:

5. Draw p-h and T-s diagram.

6. Calculate refrigeration effect, RE.

7. Calculate work added to the compressor, w comp .

8. Calculate heat rejected q cond to the water.

9. Calculate the coefficient of performance for heat pump (colling), COP RE.

10. Calculate coefficient of performance for heat pump Carnot cycle, COP carRE.

Procedure from me or what I showed in the lab lecture :

1- The first thing that we do we turn on the heating pump then we wait it to the device is
steady state .
2- After that we will take the reading and we take the reading 5 minute then 10 minute the
15 and before finally 20 and finally 25 .
3- We taking the pressure of evaporator and compressor and temperature of inlet and
outlet of compressor and evaporator .

Reading:
Time P(compressor) P(evaporator) Tc(in) Tc(out) Tv(in) Tv(out)
5 9.2 3.5 48 38 15 18
10 10.5 3.3 47 42 12 12
15 11.7 3 48 46 11 9.2
20 13 2.8 51 50 10 10
25 14 2.6 54 53 9 8
 Calculation

Now we will start to calculating and the first thing that we must to do we will write our given
from our reading :
And now we will calculate for the last time or for the last reading that we write it :

Pc = 14 bar Pv = 2.6 bar TCi = 54 c o TCo = 53c o

Tvi = 9c o TVo = 8c o
After we write our given now we will start to calculate RE refrigerant:

RE = qevap = qL = h1 − h4
And Heer we don’t have h1 and h4 to calculate RE we must calculate both of them to get RE :
From chart pressure – enthalpy refrigerant 134a we will get h1:

For h1 =Pv = 0.26 MPA in the chart is 401kj/kg and its vapor not liquid .

H1=hg=401
And after we calculated H1 we can calculate also the entropy s1 also from the same chart now :
S1=S2=2.023 kj/kg.k
By s2 we can calculate H2:

and for H2 also we will going to the pressure _enthalpy diagram refrigerant 134a and we have
the pressure also is (Pc = 1.4 MPA)

h2=hg = 535kj/kg
and after we get h2 we can also get h3 and h4 from this chart we have pressure

h3=h4=hf=272kj/kg

now we can get the RE refrigerant and the law is

RE = qevap = qL = h1 − h4 401-272=129 kj/kg

and also now we can get W compressor

wcomp = h2 − h1 = 535-401=134kj/kg

And now also we can calculate q condenser :

qcond = qH = h2 − h3 = 535-272=263kj/kg
 And after all this we can calculate The coefficient of performance of the heat
pump :
𝑞𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 ℎ1 −ℎ4 129
𝑐𝑜𝑝,𝑅𝐸 = = = = 0.96
𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚 ℎ2 −ℎ1 134

0.96 the cop of heat pump .

And also we can calculate the Carnot COP of the heat pump:
𝑞𝐻 𝑇𝐿
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑟,𝑅𝐸 = =
𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 𝑇𝐻 − 𝑇𝐿
327+326
TH= = 326.5
2
282+281
TL= = 281.5
2

281.5
Then the cop of Carnot cycle is : =6.2666.
326.5−281.5

and for the other run I made a table :

Run H1 H2 H3=h4 S1=s2 RE Wco qco COP(RE) COPca

1 407 499 253 1.89 140 120 134 3.2 11
2 405.8 504 254 1.999 137 125 142 3 9
3 405 512 261 2.044 135 128 155 2.34 7.820
4 402.32 524 270 2 133 130 158 1.45 0.88
5 401 535 272 2.023 129 134 263 0.96 6.2666

And we will draw the ph and ts diagram :

Ph diagram
 Qout 2

54 3 Win T-S Diagram

Qin 1
8 4

Discussion

Q1_ Basically, the Carnot cycle is turning a heat differential into mechanical energy, then
using mechanical energy to recreate the heat differential. A heat pump only turns
mechanical energy into a heat differential. It exchanges the gas being compressed on an
ongoing basis and does not extract mechanical energy from it, this continuous loss of
mechanical energy input is what allows continuous generation of a heat differential.

Q2 : the evaporator pressure is decreasing with increasing refrigeration effect and compressor
work , and also when the evaporator pressure decrease the cop of refrigerant decrease .
Q3- Heer when the condenser pressure increase the refrigeration effect and compressor is also
increase .

Q4- [COP]H.P. = 1 + [COP]ref then , A refrigerator is a device, which operates in a cycle and
maintains the temperature a particular body lower than the surrounding temperature. And in heat
pump, the desired effect is to maintain temperature of the body B more than the surrounding
temperature.