How to write Baybayin script

You must be aware of the 3 main vowel pronunciations when

pronouncing Filipino words (a, e/i, o/u). In Filipino language (in its
purest form, unlike modern Filipino), there is no difference between "e"
sound and "i" sound, as well as "o" sound to "u" sound. Therefore, the
word "kulungan" (means jail in English) is no different from "kolongan",
"kulongan", or "kolungan". Same goes with "titik", "tetek", "titek", and
"tetik". Phonetic characters can be changed to consonants which will
be explained later. Other than the "a", e/i", and "o/u", the rest of the
'consonants' (b, k, g, h, l, m, n, ng, p, s, t, w, and y) will be transformed
in Baybayin phonetics with the 'a' sound (i.e., ba, ka, ga, ha, la, ma, na,
nga, pa, sa, ta, wa, and ya).

So when writing them in Baybayin,

"kulungan", "kolongan", "kulongan", or "kolungan" --> koloNn+

"titik", "tetek", "titek", or "tetik" --> titik+

A note on the 'd' or 'r' sound: in Filipino (especially in its purest, ancient
form) both will be written phonetically as 'da' or 'ra' and they are
essentially the same in ancient Filipino (and to some degree even in
modern Filipino). They are written the same way (r).

Example:

If you write, "madahan" or "marahan" phonetically (both means

"slowly" in English), you can use them interchangeably, and any native
Filipino speaker will understand you nonetheless. They will be written
like this --> mrhn+.
About Consonants (and a bit of History)
Though ancient Filipino language doesn't have consonants in their
writing, in spoken form, there are. However, they don't have a special
phonetics for that and they will still use the same phonetic for it
regardless, e.g., the word "kandungan" (meaning 'lap', like putting your
cat on your lap) would be written as knduNn. To a beginner, this would
read as "kanadongana", "kanarongana", "kanadungana" or
"kanarungana", but a native ancient Filipino speaker upon reading it
would understood it to be read as "kandongan", "kanrongan",
"kandungan" or "kanrungan" - much like how the English words "table"
and "knee" is understood to be pronounced as "tay'bl" and "nee"
where the 'e' and the 'k' are silent , respectively, without going through
lengths explaining it to an English learner. Another example would be
the word "kalayaan" (freedom), which were written by early Filipinos as
klya("kalayaa") but is pronounced with a consonant 'n' at the end. The
way it is pronounced is already known to them where they find no need
to put in the 'n' consonant, again much like how the English would
know by heart how to pronounce several words without pronouncing
certain letters, which is also prevalent on some European scripts, in
particular the French language, which got a lot of letters usually
pronounced with a "weak" or no sound at all at the end of the word.
Modern Filipinos today though, would rather write it as klyan+ -
employing the improvement made by the Spaniards of putting a
diacritical mark "+" or "x" below the syllabary to make it a consonant
which is explained below.
Improvements Introduced by the Spaniards

The Spanish friars, when they took the responsibility of learning the
language in order to proselytize and spread Christianity to the islands,
modified the writing a bit to help them identify more easily what is to
be phonetically or consonantly pronounced by introducing the
diacritical mark 'x' or '+' written either below or on rare occasions on
the right side of the phonetic character. Though much appreciated by
the natives, they decided to reject the improvements due to reasons
that they deem detrimental to the 'syntax, prosody and orthography' of
their language, as the natives themselves already know how to read
their scripts with ease which is only a problem with the friars having
difficulties figuring out the final consonant sounds.

How to change a phonetic character to a consonant will be explained

later below.

How to change the phonetic sound

To change the phonetic sound to 'e/i' or 'o/u', all you need to do is to
put a diacritical mark, also called a kudlit, on top or bottom of the
phonetic character. It could either be a small slash or a dot above or
below it.

Example:

From 'ma'(m) to 'me'/'mi' just put a kudlit ( the ` or a small dot above)
and it will become mi. This is applicable to all phonetic characters,
except the 'a', 'e/i' and 'o/u' vowels.
From 'ma'(m) to 'mo'/'mu' just put a kudlit (the ` or a small dot below)
and it will become mo. This is applicable to all phonetic characters,
except the 'a', 'e/i' and 'o/u' vowels.

To change the phonetic sound to a consonant, all you need to do is to

put an 'x' or '+' diacritical mark (an improvement/variant introduced by
the Spanish friars), on either the right side or bottom of the phonetic
character. For the sake of consistency, and since all keyboard software
fonts are designed to write the '+' or 'x' mark at the bottom, we will
consistently write it at the bottom for uniformity.

Example:

To write the word 'kudlit' (the 'd' or 't' being a consonant here), it will
be written as kod+lit+. This is applicable to all phonetic characters,
except the 'a', 'e/i' and 'o/u' vowels.

Before you start typing, make sure you selected the appropriate
Baybayin font (in our case, the Baybayin Lopez font type).

If you are using Microsoft Office Word, for example, you will find the
font by clicking on the dropdown and select Baybayin Lopez as shown:
Make sure the above is selected before you proceed below.

How to type Baybayin on your computer

To type the vowels "a", "e/i", and "o/u"

Press "A" key --> a

Press the [Shift] key, then press "E" or "I" key --> E

Press the [Shift] key, then press "O" or "U" key --> O

To type the phonetics

For 'ba', Press the [b] key --> b

For 'ka', Press the [k] key --> k

For 'ga', Press the [g] key --> g

For 'ha', Press the [h] key --> h

For 'la', Press the [l] key --> l

For 'ma', Press the [m] key --> m

For 'na', Press the [n] key --> n

For 'nga', Press and hold [Shift] key then [n] key --> N

For 'pa', Press the [p] key --> p

For 'sa', Press the [s] key --> s

For 'ta', Press the [t] key --> t

For 'wa', Press the [w] key --> w

For 'ya', Press the [y] key --> y

For 'da' or 'ra', either press the [d] key or the [r] key --> r

To type the phonetics with the e/i or o/u sound

For 'be/bi', Press the [b] then [e] or [i] key --> be

For 'bo/bu', Press the [b] then [o] or [u] key --> bu

For 'ke/ki', Press the [k] key then [e] or [i] key --> ke

For 'ko/ku', Press the [k] key then [o] or [u] key --> ku

For 'ge/gi', Press the [g] key then [e] or [i] key --> ge
For 'go/gu', Press the [g] key then [o] or [u] key --> gu

For 'he/hi', Press the [h] key then [e] or [i] key --> he

For 'ho/hu', Press the [h] key then [o] or [u] key --> hu

For 'le/li', Press the [n] key then [e] or [i] key --> le

For 'lo/lu', Press the [n] key then [o] or [u] key --> lu

For 'me/mi', Press the [n] key then [e] or [i] key --> me

For 'mo/mu', Press the [n] key then [o] or [u] key --> mo

For 'ne/ni', Press the [n] key then [e] or [i] key --> ne

For 'no/nu', Press the [n] key then [o] or [u] key --> nu

For 'nge/ngi', Press and hold [Shift] key then [n], release the [Shift] key
then type the [e] or [i] key --> Ni

For 'ngo/ngu', Press and hold [Shift] key then [n], release the [Shift] key
then type the [o] or [u] key --> Nu

For 'pe/pi', Press the [p] key then [e] or [i] key --> pi

For 'po/pu', Press the [p] key then [o] or [u] key --> po

For 'se/si', Press the [s] key then [e] or [i] key --> se

For 'so/su', Press the [s] key then [o] or [u] key --> su

For 'te/ti', Press the [t] key then [e] or [i] key --> te

For 'to/tu', Press the [t] key then [o] or [u] key --> tu

For 'we/wi', Press the [w] key then [e] or [i] key --> we
For 'wo/wu', Press the [w] key then [o] or [u] key --> wu

For ye/yi', Press the [y] key then [e] or [i] key --> ye

For 'yo/yu', Press the [y] key then [o] or [u] key --> yuu

For 'de/di/re/ri', Press the [d] or [r] key then [e] or [i] key --> de

For 'do/du/ro/ru', Press the [d] or [r] key then [o] or [u] key --> ru

To turn the phonetics into a consonant sound

Use the above steps, but instead of [e], [i], [o] or [u] after the phonetic
characters, you type the "+" symbol (i.e., After typing the consonant
keys, press and hold the [Shift] key then press the [+] key, usually
located on the top of the [Enter] key or near the [Backspace] key, but
yours may differ based on your keyboard configuration). This is
applicable to all phonetic characters, except the 'a', 'e/i' and 'o/u'
vowels.

Example:

b --> b+

k --> k+

g --> g+

h --> h+

l --> l+

m --> m+

n --> n+
ng --> N+

p --> p+

s --> s+

t --> t+

w --> w+

y --> y+

d/r --> r+

How to type double vowels

When you try to type words with another vowel immediately

succeeding the last phonetic character, the vowel sound will not type
on its own but instead transform the last phonetic character into a
different sound based on the last vowel you typed.

Example:

The word "giit" will not be type as giiIt+; pressing [I] for I will not work
and will stay stuck at gii because it will expect you to type a consonant
phonetic instead.

To type a vowel immediately succeeding a phonetic character, e.g.,

"maulap", "tiis", "mauulit", press the [Caps Lock] key once (make sure
the Caps Lock indicator light on your keyboard is on, if you have one),
then press the vowel letter, i.e., the [A], [E/I], and [O/U] keys. Make
sure to press the [Caps Lock] key again when you are done to release it.

Example:
Maulap - Press [M] for m, then press [Caps Lock] once, then press [O]
or [U] for U, press the [Caps Lock] key again to release it, press [L] for l,
press [P] for p, press and hold the [Shift] key then press [+] to turn the
last phonetic character into a consonant (p+), then release the [Shift]
key. The result will be --> mUlp+.

Tiis - Press [T] for t, then press [I] to make it ti, press [Caps Lock] once
then press [I] again to produce I, press the [Caps Lock] key again to
release it, press [S] for s, press and hold the [Shift] key then press [+] to
turn the last phonetic character into a consonant (s+), then release the
[Shift] key. The result will be --> tiIs+.

Mauulit - Press [M] for m, then press [Caps Lock] once, then press [O]
or [U] twice to produce UU, press the [Caps Lock] key again to release
it, press [L] for l, press [I] to turn it into li, press [T] for t, press and hold
the [Shift] key then press [+] to turn the last phonetic character into a
consonant (t+), then release the [Shift] key. The result will be -->
mUUlit+.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sample words below:

Kagandahan, Hustisya at Karunungan

kgn+dhn+ Kagandahan
hus+tisiy Hustisiya

krunuNn+ Karunungan

Beauty, Justice and Wisdom

biyuti Biyuti
or could be written in a modern way as,
b+yuti Byuti

diys+tis+ Diyastis
wis+dm+ Wisdam

Reference Summary:
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lo usan en el Comintan (Provincias de la laguna y Batangas) y otras partes.
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documents with these characters". Nowadays we can find Baybayin documents in some repositories, including the oldest library in the country, the University of
Santo Tomás."
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moving from Baybayin to Jawi script.".
51. ^ Potet 2017, p. 66.
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perhaps, talismans.".
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system if pre-hispanic kingdoms weren't homogenous? - Quora".
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