ARCHES and CABLES

ENGR. BON RYAN ANIBAN

3 HINGE
ARCH

A C
 3 HINGE
ARCH
Determine the reactions for the 3 hinged arch shown in the figure

80 kN/m

4m

A C
5m 5m
 3 HINGE
ARCH
Determine the reactions for the 3 hinged arch shown in the figure
Solution

ΣMC ↻+ = 0 RAV (10) − 80(10)(5) = 0

RAV = 400 kN ↑

80 kN/m

4m

A C
RAH RCH
5m 5m

RAV RCV
 3 HINGE
ARCH
Determine the reactions for the 3 hinged arch shown in the figure
Solution

ΣMC ↻+ = 0 RAV (10) − 80(10)(5) = 0

RAV = 400 kN ↑

Cons. left of B
ΣMB ↻+ = 0 −80(5)(5/2) +400(5) −RAH (4) = 0
RAH = 250 kN →

Cons. whole structure 80 kN/m 80 kN/m

R’BV
ΣMA ↻+ = 0 +80(10)(10/2) −RCV (10)= 0
RCV = 400 kN ↑ R’BH R’BH
B
Cons. right of B
R’BV
4m
ΣMB ↻+ = 0 80(5) (5/2) −400(5)+RCH(4) = 0
→
RCH = 250 kN

A C
RAH RCH
5m 5m

RAV RCV
 80 kN/m

4m

A C
RAH RCH
5m 5m

RAV RCV
 CABLES WITH CONCENTRATED LOADS
Determine the reactions , tension at ends and hD of the figure shown below.

TA TB
RAV RBV
6m 5m 4m

RAH RBH
A B

hD=? m
hC=2 m

D
C
450 N
600 N
 CABLES WITH CONCENTRATED
LOADS
Determine the reactions , tension at ends and hD of the figure shown below.
Solution

ΣMB ↻+ = 0 RAV (15) − 600(9) − 450 (4) = 0

→
RAV = 480 kN

ΣMA ↻+ = 0 −RBv(15)+ 600(6) + 450 (11) = 0

→

RBV = 570 kN
TA TB
RAV RBV
6m 5m 4m

RAH RBH
A B

hD=? m
hC=2 m

D
C
450 N
600 N
 CABLES WITH CONCENTRATED
LOADS
Determine the reactions , tension at ends and ho of the figure shown below.
Solution

ΣMB ↻+ = 0 RAV (15) − 600(9) − 450 (4) = 0

→

RAV = 480 N

ΣMA ↻+ = 0 −RBV (15) + 600(6) + 450 (11) = 0

Isolate AC
→

RBV = 570 N
TA
RAV
Considering AC 6m

ΣMC ↻+ = 0 480 (6) −RAH (2) = 0

RAH
RAH = 1440 N A
↑

hC=2 m

600 N
 CABLES WITH CONCENTRATED
LOADS
Determine the reactions , tension at ends and ho of the figure shown below.
Solution

ΣMB ↻+ = 0 RAV (15) − 600(9) − 450 (4) = 0

→

RAV = 480 N

ΣMA ↻+ = 0 −RBV(15) + 600(6) + 450 (11) = 0

→

RBV = 570 N
TA TB
RAV RBV
Considering AC 6m 5m 4m

ΣMC ↻+ = 0 480 (6) − RAH (2) = 0

RAH RBH
RAH = 1440 N A B
↑

hD=? m
Considering WS hC=2 m

ΣFH →+ = 0 −1440 + RBH = 0

RBH = 1440 N → TA = RAH2 + RAV 2 = 1517.893 N D

C
TB = 2
RBH + RBV 2 = 1548.709 N 450 N
600 N
 CABLES WITH CONCENTRATED
LOADS
Determine the reactions , tension at ends and ho of the figure shown below.
Solution Considering BD

ΣMD ↻+ = 0 1440(ho) − 570(4) = 0

ΣMB ↻+ = 0 RAV (15) − 600(9) − 450 (4) = 0

→ hD = 1.583 N

RAV = 480 N

ΣMA ↻+ = 0 −RBV(15) + 600(6) + 450 (11) = 0

Isolate DB
→

RBV = 570 N

RBV
Considering AC 4m

ΣMC ↻+ = 0 480 (6) − RAH (2) = 0

RAH = 1440 N B RBH
↑

hD=? m
Considering WS
ΣFH ↑+ = 0 −1440 + RBH = 0

RBH = 1440 N → TA = RAH2 + RAV 2 = 1517.893 N D

TB = RBH2 + RBV 2 = 1548.709 N 450 N

TA TB
RAV RBV
6m 5m 4m

RAH RBH
A B

hD=? m
hC=2 m

D
C
450 N
600 N
Knowing that dc = 3m, determine the following:
① reaction at A
2m 2m 3m 3m
② reaction at E 𝐴
③ maximum tension 𝑑𝐵
𝑑𝐶 = 3 4m
④ minimum tension 𝐵 𝑑𝐷

⑤ total length of cable 𝐶 𝐸

⑥ distance dB 𝟓 𝐤𝐍 𝐷
⑦ distance dD 𝟓 𝐤𝐍
𝟏𝟎 𝐤𝐍
 CABLES WITH UNIFORM LOADS/Parabolic Cables
Completed in 1883, Brooklyn Bridge connects Manhattan and Brooklyn by
spanning the East River. At the time it opened, and for several years, it was
the longest suspension bridge in the world and it has become a famous and
iconic landmark of New York. The bridge has a wide pedestrian walkway
open to walkers and cyclists. This walkway takes on a special importance in
times of difficulty when usual means of crossing the East River have
become unavailable as happened during several blackouts and most
famously after the September 11, 2001, attacks.

The Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge, also known as the Pearl Bridge, is

the longest suspension bridge at 1,991 meters (6,532 feet) in
the world. It spans the Akashi Strait in Japan connecting Kobe
on the mainland and Iwaya on Awayi Island. The bridge took
almost 12 years to build and was opened for traffic in 1998. The
central span was originally only 1,990 meter but the Kobe
earthquake on January 17, 1995, moved the two towers so that
it had to be increased by 1 meter.
CABLES WITH UNIFORM LOADS/Parabolic Cables
 CABLES WITH UNIFORM LOADS/Parabolic Cables
80 N/m 80 N/m

Tmax RAV

(-100,20) (100,20) RAH

A B 𝑥2 A
𝑆=න 1 + (𝑦 ′ )2
𝑥1
20 m 20 m
x2 = 4ay
(−100)2 = 4a(20) Tmin
(0,0) 4a = 500
x2 = 500y
200 m 100 m
2x = 500y′
2𝑥
1. Tmax ΣMA ↻+ = 0 80(100)(100/2) −Tmin (20) = 0 y′ =
500
2. Tmin Tmin = 20000 N
100
3. Length of
RAV = 80(100) = 8000 N 𝑆=න 1 + (2𝑥/500)2
the Cable −100
RAH = 20000 N
𝑆 = 205.212 m
TA = RAH 2 + RAV 2 = 21540.659 N = TB = Tmax
 CABLES WITH UNIFORM LOADS/Parabolic Cables
80 N/m

1. “a”
2. “b”
3. Tmax A
4. Tmin
5. Length of the Cable
B
15 m
5m

a b
200 m
 CABLES WITH UNIFORM LOADS/Parabolic
Cables 80 N/m 8a 2
= 8 200 − a 2
TA 3

RAV a = 126.795 m 80 N/m

TB
RAH b = 73.205 m
A RBV
Tmin = 42871.871 N
RBH
B
15 m
5m
Tmin Tmin

a b = 200 -a

ΣMA ↻+ = 0 80(a)(a/2)− Tmin (15) = 0 ΣMB ↺+ = 0 80(200 − a)(200 − a)/2 − Tmin (5) = 0
8a2 Tmin = 8 200 − a 2
Tmin =
3
RAV = 80(a) = 10143.594 N RBV = 80(b) = 5856.406 N
RAH = 42871.871 N RBH = 42871.871 N

TA = RAH2 + RAV 2 = 44055.53 N = Tmax TB = RBH2 + RBV 2 = 43270.022 N

 CABLES WITH UNIFORM LOADS/Parabolic
80 N/m
Cables
𝑥2
1. “a” = 126.795 m 𝑆=න 1 + (𝑦 ′ )2
𝑥1
2. “b” = 73.205 m
3. Tmax = 44055.53 N (-126.795 , 15) x2 = 4ay
A
4. Tmin = 42871.871 N (73.205)2 = 4a(5)
(73.205 , 5)
5. Length of the Cable 4a = 1071.794
B
15 m
x2 = 1071.794y
5m
(0,0) 2x =1071.794y′
2𝑥
126.795 m 73.205 m y′ =
1071.794
200 m
73.205
𝑆=න 1 + (2𝑥/1071.794)2
−126.795

𝑆 = 201.400 m