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Glossary

This document provides definitions for various glossary terms related to reading and writing. It defines common terms like article, blog, commentary, and report. It also defines parts of letters and terms related to elections, government, and organizing comparisons. Additional terms defined include river features, stress management, and challenges. The glossary provides concise explanations of over 50 key terms to enhance understanding of related texts.

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27 views

Glossary

This document provides definitions for various glossary terms related to reading and writing. It defines common terms like article, blog, commentary, and report. It also defines parts of letters and terms related to elections, government, and organizing comparisons. Additional terms defined include river features, stress management, and challenges. The glossary provides concise explanations of over 50 key terms to enhance understanding of related texts.

Uploaded by

nurbekjurayev6363
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GLOSSARY

Article – a piece of writing about a particular subject that is published in a newspaper or magazine.
Authentic material – real, not false or copied material.
Blog – a biographical web log: a type of diary on a website that is changed regularly, to give the latest
news. The page usually contains smo’s personal opinions, comments and experiences.
Commentary – a discussion of smth such as an event or theory.
Critical review – an article in which smo gives their opinion of play, book, etc.
Encyclopedia entry – a set of information that is part of a series of things written in a book.
Extensive reading – reading for pleasure
Extract – a short piece of writing taken from smth such as a book or letter.
Feature article – a newspaper or magazine article that concentrates on a particular subject.
Forum – a website, newspaper, television programme etc where people can express their ideas and
opinions
Inferring – reading between the lines
Instruction manual – a book containing instructions for doing smth, especially for operating a machine or
equipment
Intensive reading – reading attentively, focusing on every word in the text
Internet texts – blogs, websites, forums
Report – an article or broadcast that gives information about smth that is happening in the news.
Scanning – reading quickly to find some specific information, for example to find particular date/time.
Skimming – reading quickly to get the general idea of the text
Speed reading – reading faster and maximise reading time
Website – a place on the internet where information is available about a particular subject, organisation.

BANK OF A RIVER – the side of a river where you can stand


BY AND BY – overtime, eventually
DAMP – humid, wet
LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP - Look at all sides of a situation before making a decision.
MARSH – wet area, pond
ON THE POINT OF – just about to do sth
TO DROWN – to die in the water because you cannot swim
TO DRY UP – to lose all water
TO LEAP – to jump into
TO OVERHANG – to be in a position over something else
TO PERCEIVE – to understand
TO QUENCH ITS THIRST – to drink when you are thirsty
TO SETTLE – to begin living in a new place
TWIGS – small branches usually with leaves attached
WELL – hole in ground used to access fresh water
Salutation – the part of the letter where the writer greets the reader
Ending – the closing part of the letter
Informal letter – personal letter to friends, relatives
CAMPAIGN - to try to win an election
BALLOT - the process of voting secretly to choose a candidate in an election, the total number of
votes recorded in an election
RIG - to influence something such as an election in a dishonest way in order to produce a particular
result
SUFFRAGE - the right to vote
SENATE - the more senior part of a law-making institution
LEGISLATIVE - relating to laws or to the process of creating new laws
EXECUTIVE - the part of government that makes certain that laws are being used as planned
CONSTITUENCY - the voters in a division of a country who elect a representative to parliament
CHAMBER - one of the sections of a parliament
THE JUDICIARY - the part of government that consists of all the judges and courts in a country
CONSECUTIVE - following one after another in order and with nothing else in between
RESIDE - to live in a particular place
CAPITOL - the building in the main city of each US state where government officials meet to make
state laws
ELECTORATE - all the people who are allowed to vote in an election
RATIFICATION (ratify) - making an agreement official by signing it or formally accepting it
AMENDMENT - a change made to a law or agreement
UNIVERSAL - involving all the members of a group or society
REGARDLESS OF - without being affected or influenced by anything else that happens or exists
COMPRISE - to consist of two or more things
POINT-BY-POINT ORGANIZATION – method alternates arguments about the two items (A
and B) that you are comparing and/or contrasting.
BLOCK ORGANIZATION - method presents all arguments related to A, and then compares
and/or contrasts them to all arguments related to B.
WHIRLPOOL - a place in a river or the sea where currents of water spin round very fast
HOLLOW- having a hole or empty space inside
SPECTACULAR- very impressive
MOTTO - a short sentence or phrase that expresses the aims and beliefs of a person, a group etc.
and is used as a rule of behavior
SURVEY - an investigation of opinions, behavior, etc. of a particular group of people, which is
usually done by asking them questions
HAIR - A person who has the legal right to receive smb’s property, money or title when that
person dies
OPENING STATEMENTS-the first sentence in the introductory paragraph
THE THESIS STATEMENT - the last sentence of the introductory paragraph.
CONCLUSION – the past paragraph of the lesson
INVENTIONS – a thing or an idea that has been invented
FAME – the state of being known and talked about by many people
EXUBERANT – full of energy, excitement and happiness
ANCESTORS – a person in your family who lived a long time ago
COMPANION – a person or an animal that travels with you or spends a lot of time with you
BELIEF – a strong feeling that sth/sb exists or is true
GUARDIAN – a person who protects sth
ETERNALLY – without an end; existing or continuing for ever
SALVATION – the state of being saved from the power of evil
PROSPERITY – the state or being successful, especially, financially
Peer evaluation – evaluation of one’s writing by a groupmate
TO GO WRONG - used when something stops working, problem happens.
TO SHUT ONESELF AWAY FROM - to put someone in a place where they
are kept away from other people.
TO SPRING INTO ACTION - to act, to move.

BE ALERT-to be attentive and ready to what is happening and react quickly


DEAL WITH STRESS-to cope with stress
BE LEVEL-HEADED- not to lose control and stay calm in emergency situations
CHALLENGE (n) - something new and difficult that forces you to make a lot of effort
CURRENCY (n) - the system and type of money that a particular country uses
FLEXIBLE (adj) - that can be changed easily
SECURITY (n) - the state of feeling safe and being free from worry

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