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HR Diagrams Ans

The document describes a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram that plots the luminosity and temperature of stars. It shows the location of the Sun and different types of stars including red supergiants, red giants, and white dwarfs. An arrow indicates the direction a star would move as it cools down over time. The diagram is used to classify stars and understand their life cycles.

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Muhammad Asghar
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38 views

HR Diagrams Ans

The document describes a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram that plots the luminosity and temperature of stars. It shows the location of the Sun and different types of stars including red supergiants, red giants, and white dwarfs. An arrow indicates the direction a star would move as it cools down over time. The diagram is used to classify stars and understand their life cycles.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Asghar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The diagram below shows a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

On this graph, the luminosity of the Sun is 1.

(a) What is the correct label and suitable unit for the horizontal axis?

Label = TEMPERATURE unit = K / °C [2]

(b) What type of star do each of the letters A. B, C and D correspond to?

(b)(i) A = RED SUPERGIANT

(b)(ii) B = RED GIANT

(b)(iii) C = MAIN SEQUENCE

(b)(iv) D = WHITE DWARF [4]

(c) Put a cross (X) on the diagram to show the position of the Sun. [1]

(d) At the end of their lives most stars cool down and emit less and less energy. Draw an
arrow on the diagram to show the direction the star labelled (*) would move as it cools down
and emits less energy. [2]
[Total: 9]
Below shows the Hertzsprung Russell diagram.

(a) What does T, on the horizontal axis, represent?

SURFACE TEMPERATURE [1]

(b) Circle the dot on the diagram which represents our Sun. SEE DIAGRAM [1]

(c) Describe the appearance of the star labelled X compared to our Sun.

DIMMER

RED / MORE RED [2]

(d)(i) Name the group of stars towards the bottom left of the diagram.

WHITE DWARFS [1]

(d)(ii) Discuss the properties of this group of stars and explain where they fit in to the
evolution of a star.

DIM / LOW LUMINOSITY / BRIGHTNESS

VERY HOT

TOWARDS THE END OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE STAR

BEFORE BLACK DWARF [4]


[Total:9]
The diagram below shows a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

L
U
M
I
N
O
S
I
T
Y

TEMPERATURE / K / °C
BLUE YELLOW RED

(a) Label the axes with appropriate labels, and a unit for the horizontal axis. [3]

(b)(i) One of the axes can also be shown as the colour of a star. On the Hertzsprung-Russell
diagram label this axis with the colours blue, red and yellow. [2]

(b)(ii) What is the relationship between the colours and the numbers on this axis.

THE HIGHER THE NUMBER / TEMPERATURE, THE NEARER TO THE BLUE END OF THE

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM THE COLOUR IS [2]

(c) (i) On the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, put a ring around a star that produces most of its
energy by the fusion of hydrogen. ANYWHERE ON THE MAIN SEQUENCE [1]

(ii) Explain how scientists know that there is hydrogen in stars.

SPECTRAL LINES SHOW THE SAME ABSOPRTION LINES AS FROM HYDROGEN WHEN

MEASURED ON EARTH [2]

(d) Why can black holes not be plotted on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?

THEY EMIT NO LIGHT / HAVE ZERO LUMINOSITY [1]


[Total: 11]
Below shows the Hertzsprung Russell diagram. The arrowed line on the graph shows the life of
a star like the Sun.

(a)(i) When the star is at point A on the track, what is the name that we give to that type of
star?

RED GIANT [1]

(a)(ii) When the star is at point B on the track, what is the name that we give to that type of
star?

WHITE DWARF [1]

(a)(iii) On the diagram, draw the track of a star which has a much higher mass than that of the
Sun. STARTS TO LEFT ON MS, MOVES UP/RIGHT, STOPS THERE [3]

(b) Complete the following sentences about stars, using words from the list below.

carbon helium hydrogen iron uranium

(b)(i) Stars with a low mass do not fuse elements with nuclei bigger than helium

(b)(ii) These nuclei will fuse when the star is a red giant to form carbon and some heavier
nuclei like nitrogen and oxygen.

(b)(iii) When a high mass star becomes a supernova it has a core that is made up of iron [3]

(c) ce has been measured as 5778 K. What is this


temperature in Celsius? Any use of 273
temperature = 5505 °C [2]
[Total: 10]

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