T Wo Dimensional Geometry BO ONAL GEOMen)T ectangular Cartesian Coordinate, 4 cate the position of a point ona take a fixed point O in the plane an 8S: In order to real plane we 1d call it origin. Je take two mutually perpendicular lines 7 Yor passing through the origin, with These ios, ae pasis and choosing a suitable scale we find out the position of the given point P. In general, the coordinates of the point Pare the lengths OM and pM which ate taken as x and y. The method of expressing the coordinates is (x, y), Y P(x y) I y’ 2. Distance between two points with coordiates (x,, 44) and (xy, yg) is given by = y(x)-x)"+ 2-Y ‘Area of atriangle 1 Let the vertices of a AABC be Os ¥4), (qr Ya) and (xg, ¥g) respectively. 8ABC = F tx; Yo—Ye) + Me Vo-¥s)+%9 V1 -¥0) (8) Area is always taken as positive. (0) In determinant form, area of the triangle ape" Is givenby A=— |x, yy 1 ate . Ka Coltinearity of three pointe : Three pointe lying ina plane are collmear it the aroa of the tangle y Joining them comes out to be Zero. 3 Os ¥9) gs va) ad (Ry Yo) a8 collinear It 31% Up = vq) # Xp (yg = Ys) # #9 Ws oY) form (TDG) Section Formula {a) Internal division : Let A and B be two points whose coordinates are (x,, yy) and (x, Yo) espectively. Let P divide AB in the ratio of m, mp then its coordinates are given by my, +m," m, +m (b) External division : Coordinates of external Ky — Myx divi my} Visor are | me im Centrold of a triangle : Centroid is the point where the medians of a triangle meet: The cordinates of the centroid of the triangle, whose vertices are (x1, Ys) . (Xp, Yo) and (Xz, ¥g) are (neues wtya+ya) 3 3) Incentre of a trian, Incentre of a triangle is a point where the bisectors of its: angles intersect. The coordinates of the incentre of AABC are ayy +h *.) ithee Where the coordinates of the vertices are respectively (x.. ys) (Xp, Yo) and (x3, ¥g) and the measures of the sides are a, b and c respectively. Locus and its Equation (a) Definition : When a point moves according to some given geometrical conditions, then the path traced out by that point is known as the locus of the point, @ g. locus of all the points of a given plane a which are at a distance r from a given fixed point O in the plane Is a circle with radius r and centre O. (b) The equation of a locus is satistied by each point of the locus and by no other point, To find the equation of locus (I) Take @ point P on the lo¥is as (h, k), relation between h and k according ind slmplity in the form, ass sbyy tony, Ath: of an equation « (ill) Substitute x for h and y fer k In the above equation. The equation thus obtained Is the required looua,TDG2 ] = [Two Dimensional Geometry Objective Questions verti (a) Anisosceles triangle _(b) An equilateral triangle (©) A tight angled triangle (d) None of these: 2. The ends of arod of length | move on two m wutually Perpendicular lines. The locus of the point on the tod which divides It in the ratio 1: 21s (@) 36x? + Gy? = 412 (b) 36x? + gy? = 2 (©) 9x2 + 36y2= 412 (d) None of these The three points (=2, 2), (8, -2) and (-4,-3) are the ices of 3. The points (a/ /3 , a), (2a/./3 , 2a) and (a/ /3 , 3a) are the vertices of (@)Anequilateral triangle (b) Anisosceles triangle (0) A night angled triangle (d) None of these 4. Three points (p +1, 1), (2p + 1, 3) and (2p +2, 2p) are collinear If p = ()-1 (o)1 2 @o 5 ‘The point A divides the join of the points (-5, 1) ‘and (3, 5) in the ratio k: 1 and the coordinates of the points B and C (1, 5) and (7, - 2) respectively. tthe area of the triangle ABC be 2 units, then k= (06,7 ()319,9 ()7,319 @)7,9 6 HP=(1,0,0 0) and R = (2, 0) are three given points, then the locus of a point S satisfying the relation SQ? + SR? = 2SP? is (@) A straight line parallel to x-axis (©) A circle through origin (©) A circle with centre at the origin (@) A straight line parallel to y-axis 7. Ifthe coordinates of the points A, B, C be (4, 4), (3, -2) and (3, ~16) respectively, then the area of the triangle ABC is (a)27 (b) 15 (c) 18 (7 8 The area of a triangle is 5. If two of ite vertices are (2, 1), (3, -2) and the third vertex Iles on the line y = x +3, then the third vertex is J (@)(-7/2,- 13/2) (b) (-7/2, 13/2) (©) (7/2, - 13/2) (@) (7/2, 13/2) 9." Ifthe point (x, y) be equidistant from the points (a+b, b-a)and (a—b, a+b) then (a) ax+ (b) ax ~by =0 (c) bx + ay=0 (@) bx-ay=0 10. The area of the triangle formed by the points (a, b +0), (b,c +2), (c,a+b)is " 12. 13. 14. 15. 7. 18. 19. (a) abe (b) a2 +b? +07. (c)ab+bo+ca (ayo The locus of a point which moves so that ity distance from x-axis is double of its distance trom yranisis (a) x=2y (b)y=2x (6)x=5y+1 (Wy =2x43 Hf the vertices of a triangle be (2, 1), (5, 2) anda, 4), then its circumcentre is (a) (19/2, 9/2) (b) (13/4, 9/4) (©) (9/4, 13/4) (0) None of these If the vertices of a triangle have integral coordinates, then the triangle is (@) Equilateral (b) Never equilateral (©) lsosceles (@) None of these ‘Two vertices of a triangle are (6, 4) and (-2, 4). its centroid Is (5, 6) then the third vertex has the coordinates (a) (12, 10) (b) (10, 12) _(c) (-10,.12) (4) (12,-10) The area of a triangle whose vertices are (1, -1), (-1, 1) and (-1,-1) is given by : (a2 () 1/2 (et (3 . The locus of a point which moves in such a way that its distance from (0, 0) is three times its distance from the x-axis, as given by (a) x2- By? =0 (b) x? + By2 <0 (c) 4x2-y? <0 (d) x? -4y? <0 1 A.(6, 3), B (-3, 5), C (4, -2) and D (x, 3x) are four pointe, if the ratio of area of ADBC and AABC ie! +2 then the value of x, will be (a) 118 (b) 8/11 ©) 3 (d) None of these Two fixed points are A (a, 0) and B (-a, 0). i ZA~ B=, then the locus of point C of triangle ABC will be (a) x? + y? + 2xy tan @ = a2 (b) x? - y2 + 2xy tan 2 (0) x2 - y? + 2xy cot (0) x2 - y2 + 2xy cot @ = a2 The points A (4, -1), B (-2, ~4), (4, 0) and Di, 3) are the vertices of (@)Parallelogram ——_(b) Rectangle (©) Rhombus (4) None of these The points (a, -b), (0, 0), (@, b) and (a?, ab) are (a) Collinear (b) Vertices of a rectangleTwo Dimensional Geometry ] (@) Vartices of a Parallelogram (q) None of these {All points lying Inside the triangle formed by the points (1, 3), (5, 0) and (-1, 2) satiety " (a) 3x +2y>0 (d) x +y-13<0 (%x-9y-12<0 (a) All the above The centrold of a triangle, whose vertices are (2, 4), (6,2) and (3, 4), Is 1 (@) (83, 7/3) (b) (10/3, 7/3) (0 108, 7/3) (6) (10/3, - 7/3) 2, Itthe points (-6, 1), (p, 5) and (10, 7)are collinear, then the value of p will be @5 (b)3 (4 @7 24, 1 Aand B are two fixed points and P Isa variable ' point such that PA + PB = 4, then the locus of P is a (a) Parabola, (b) Ellipse (c) Hyperbola (6) None of these 35. Given the points A (0, 4)'and'B (0, -4). Then the ‘equation of the locus of the point P (x, y) such that |AP - BP| = 6 is 1 2 ra y OF %. Tho lines x+y-4=0,3x+y-4=0,x+3y-4=0 form a triangle which is (@) Isosceles (b) Right angled (6) Equilateral (d) None of these 2. Which pair of points lle on the same side of 3x-8y-720 (a) (0, -1) and (0, 0) (b) (4, -3) and (0, 1) (©) (-3,-4) and (1,2). (d) (-1,-1) and (3, 7) 2%. The extremities of a diagonal of a parallelogram are the points (3, -4) and (~6, 5). f third vertex Is (2,1), then fourth vertex is (@) (1,0) (b) -1, 0) (© (1, 1) (d) None of these In what ratio does the y-axis. divide the join of (+3, -~4) and (1, -2) i (@1:3 (2:3 (3:4 (a) None of these: ‘The equations of the sides of atriangle are x + y~ 5=0,x~y+1=Oandy-1=0, then the Of the circumcentre are @ 21) ~~ (2) @-2) @)1,-2) 31. Two points A and B have coordinates (1, 0) and (- 1, 0) respectively and Q is a point which satisfies the relation AQ—BQ= + 1. The locus of/@ is (@) 12x? + 4y? = 3 (b) 12x? - 4y2 = 3 (0) 12x? - 4y24. 320 (d) 12x? + 4y2+3=0 HAs (2, 6), Bie (4,- 11) and Clles on 9x + 7y +4 + = 0, then the locus of the centroid of the AABC Is straight line parallel to the straight line , (a) 7x-9y+4=0 (b) 9x-7y-4=0 (C) x+7y+4=0 (d) 7x+ 9y+4=0 The coordinates of the points 0, A and B are (0, 0), (0, 4) and (6, 0) respectively. ifa point P moves such that the area of APOA is always twice the area of APOB, then the equation to both parts of the locus of P is (a) (x - 3y) (x + Sy) =O (b) (X- 3y) (x+y) =O (c) (8x -y) (8x+y) =0 —_(d) None of these ‘The points (0, 8/3), (1,3) and (82, 30) are the vertices of 2 (a) An equilateral triangle (b) An isosceles triangle (6) A right angled triangle _(d) None of these. 35,- The points (3a, 0), (0, 3b) and (a, 2b) are (a) Vertices of an equilateral triangle = * (b) Vertices of an isosceles triangle (0) Vertices of a right angled isosceles triangle * (@) Collinear The area of the triangle formed by the lines Tx=2y +10=0, 7x+2y-10=Oandy+2=0is (a) 8 sq. units (b) 12 sq. units (c) 14 sq. units (d) None of these Ky vs Y far by 37. it 2 Ye 4=/@2 274) then the two triangle ‘3 Va jay by 1 with vertices (x, ¥;), (Xp Ya); (X3: ¥g) and (a, b,), (@2, bz), (@3, bs) must be (@) Similar (b) Congruant (0) Never congruent (a) None of these ‘The equation of the locus of all points equidistant fromthe point (4, 2) and the x-axis, is (a) x2 + 8x + 4y—20=0 (bd) x?- 8x - 4y+20=0 ()y?-4y-8x+20=0 (d)None ofthese 4 The new coordinates of a point (4, 5), when the ae origin Is shifted to the point (1, - 2) are (a) (5, 3) (b) (3,5) f (©) (3.7) (d) None of these| 10G-47 40. Three vertices of a parallelogram are (1, 3), (2, 0) and (6, 1). Then its fourth vertex is (2) (3,3) (0)(4,4) (©) 4,0) () (0, -4) 41. The line x +y=4 divides the line joining the points (1, 1) and (6, 7) in the ratio (2:4 (o) 1:2 (0)1:2 externally (@) None of these Three points are A (6, 3), B (~3, 5), C (4,-2) and P (x, y) is a point, then the ratio of area of APBC and AABCis 42. @ (4) None of these The locus of the moving point P, such that 2PA = ‘3PB where A is (0, 0) and B is (4, ~3) is (a) 5x? - 5y?— 72x + 54 y + 205 =0 (b) 5x? ~ Sy? + 72x + 54y +225 =0 (c) 5x? + Sy? + 72x + 54y +225 =0 (d) 5x? + Sy? — 72x + 54 y + 225 =0 . The distance of the point (b cos 9, b sin 0) from origin is (@)boot® —)b _(@)btane bye . The position of the points (3, 4), and (2, ~6) with respect to the line 3x — 4y = 8 are (a) On the same side of the line (0) On different side of the line {@) One point on the line and the other outside thé line (u) Both point on the line If the line segment joining the points A (a, b) and B (c,d) subtendg.an angle 6 at the origin, then 08 @ Is equal to abs ed act bd eee a fa? +b?ne%4a2) ©) Jae b?ye va) ba ©) fats b era) The points (1, 1), (0, sec20), (cosec?o, 0) are collinear for 46. (@) (6) None of these _ 47 (@) 0-5 (o) 02 (d) None of these if A and B are two points in a plane, so that PA + PB = constant, then the locus of P is (2) Hyperbola (b) Circle (©) Parabola (A) Ellipse _ 51, » a7, 9) ar [Two Dimensional Geometry If A and B are two fixed points in a plane and Pig another variable point such thet PA? + pp2- constant, then fhe locus of the point P is (a) Hyperbola (0) Circle (c) Parabola (¢) Ellipse If points (5,5), (10, K) and (-5, 1) are collinear, then K = (a)3 (b) 5 (7 (a9 Hf the vertices of a triangle are A (1, 4), B (3, 0) and C (2, 1), then the length of the median passing through Cis (a) (b) 2 OW Wy The triangle formed by the lines x + y =0, 3x+y- 4=0andx+3y=4is (a) Equilateral (b) Isosceles (©) Right angled (d) None of these The incentre of the triangle formed by (0, 0), (5, 12), (16, 12) Is (b) 9, 7) (c)(-9,7) (7,9) A btick of length | rests against the floor anda wall of a room. If the stick begins to slide on the floor, then the locus of its middle point is (@)A straight line (6) Circle (c) Parabola (d) Ellipse The area of the triangle with vertices at (-4, 1), (1, 2), (4,3) is (a) 4 (b)16 — (c) 15 (d) None of these 11.0 be the origirt and if the coordinates of any two points Q, and Q, be (x1, y;) and (x2. Yq) respectively, then OQ, .0Q, cos @,0Q, = (2) XX YiVo (©) X1¥4 ~ Xa¥o (C) X12 + Yip. (2) XyYy + Xp¥p A point P moves so that Its distance from the Point (a, 0)'is always equal to Its distance from the line x +1 = 0. The locus of the point is (a) y? = 4ax! (b) x? = day (c) y? + 3ax=0 (d) x? + day =0 A point on the line y = x at a distance of 2 units from the origin is (2) YZ) (>) (V2.0) (2, 2) @) (Jz, V2) If the points (ik, 2 - 2k), (1 —k, 2k) and (-k- 4, 6- 2k) be collineur, then the possible values of kare @) 12-1 \) 1,12 ()1,-2 dart If the three vettices of a rectangle taken in ordet are the points (2, ~2), (8, 4) and (5, 7). Th coordinates of fourth vertex areDimensional Geometry ] qc? (©) (1, - 4) (4) None of these. the distance @ ye+y?= 4p? 4 1 eres pF Orta s -3), B(3,-2) and C (2, 8 eae then ts centroid wil bee tees oF 33) ) (83) (©) (3, 1) (6) (1, 3) 1A(2, 2), B (-4, -4), C (5, -8) are verti * Fang then the length of median passes teeny, cwill be @ 6 V7 ©) a5 4 The quadrilateral formed by the vertices (-1, 1), (0,-3), (6, 2) and (4, 6) will be (@) Square (©) Parallelogram () Rectangle (4) Rhombus 6. Ifvertices of a quadrilateral are A (0, 0), B (3, 4),C (7,7)and D (4, 3) then quadrilateral ABCD is (@)Parallelogram._ (b) Rectangle (c) Square (d) Rhombus ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS Wna.t, (6) a= (842)? +(-2-2)" = Vi16 be {(-4-8)? + (-342)? = V145 (o¥(-442)* 4(-3- 2)? = 29 =a? +c? tence itis right angled triangle. 48.2. (¢) According to the figure y 2 ko 2 > Penk) 1 o. xa x ®, x xa_ 2a PB =1;2, then h=220+2%2 Me, 7 1+2 Woy, nS b = 3k We have OA? + OB? = AB? (@) Jig * uneisiniinaieeniia sce j : [1DG-5 | => (BW2)2 + (3K)? - 2 Hence locus of P(h, k) is given by 9x? + 36y? = 4 tons oneal $0) (Fm 2 Then ase (4 -* ~ 2a)? BB) te Similarly BC? = 4a2/3 and AC? = 4a2, Hence itis an isosceles triangle. p+1 1 lap+i 3 l2p+2 2p | = (P +1) (B—2p) + 1(2p + 2-2p— 1) +1 [(2p) (2p + 1)-3 (2p + 2)]=0 Ans. 4.(c) = pa2. . Ans. 5. (c) The coordinates of the point A are (oe bk +L kel’ k+1 2). ‘Thus area of triangle ABC is k-5, Sk+1) ((5k+1 3 Ear +24 Set) Seats) aa2 => 21K-35-7k-3-28= +4 (k+ 1) = K=70r31/9 Ans.6. (d) Let S (x, y), then (x4 12 + y? + (K-24 y? = 2x — 12 + yy] = +144 4x=- 442 = x=-92 Ans.7. (c) A= 1/2 [4 (-2 + 16) +3 (-16 - 4) +3 (4+2)] = 1/2 [56-60 + 18)=7 ‘Ans.8. (d) Let the third vertex be (p, q). Since it lies on the line y=x+3, therefore q= p43 van. (i) ‘Also area of the triangle is 5, so 4/2 (2-2-4) +3(q-1)+p(1+2)= 25 = q+3p-7= +10 ‘Thus on solving (i) and (i), we get p=7/2,- 3/2 and q= 13/2, 3/2. Hence the third vertex is either (7/2, 19/2) or (-3/2, 3/2). ‘ans.9. (d)(x- (a+b)? + {y-(b- a)}? = (x-(a-b)P + y-(a + by? => x24 (a + bP - 2x (a +b) + y? + (ba)? - 2y (b —a) 2x2 + (a—b)?— 2x (a—b) + y? + (a +b)? - 2y (a +b) On simplification, we get bx ~ ay = 0. ) an that of 8 and ar (1,5) and (7, —= joey [Two Dimensional Geometry | : k la b+e la a+b+e and similarly in triangle CDb, tan B= =. Also trom (i, 1 PS tanA -tanB e wigine ts a ‘Ans. 10. (d) Area a cra Y= 5 a+b+e I} TrtanAtanB 2 . Substituting the values of tan a le a+b 1) “|e a+bte and tan B, we geth?-k? + 2hk cot 0 = a? asbeot } Hence the locus is x2 — y2 + 2xy cot® = a2, (Applying Cp -» C, +C,) =——5——|b 1 }=0 ‘Ans. 19. (b) Mid-points of diagonals are same. le 1 yj ‘Ans. 11. (b) ‘Ans. 12. (b) Let circumceittre be O(x, y) and given points are A (2, 1), B (5, 2), C (3, 4). Hence OA? = OB? = OC? = = 2) + (y= MF = (K-58)? + -2 ) and (x —2)2 + (y— 1)? = (x- 3)? + y-4)? On solving (i) and (i), we get x = 13/4 and y = 9/4. ‘Ans. 13. (b) Let (x1, y3) (Xp, Yp) and (xg, Yq) be the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle and let x, Xp, X3y Y4» You ¥3 be all integers. Then the area of triangle 1/2 [xs (Yo — Ya) + Xo Wa - ¥4) + Xo 4 ~ Yad) me rational numbers, because x's and y's are integers. ‘Also, if the triangle is equilateral and a be the length of its side, then a? = (x, —x,)? + (y; — ya)? =a positive integer. The area of the triangle = (1/2) be sit =(1/2).a.asin60°= /§/4a2 {-. every angleis of 60°} Which is irrationals, because a? is positive integer. Butas the area of the triangle is rational number. Hence it is @ ‘contradiction. Therefore, if the vertices of a triangle’ are integers, the triangle cannot be equilateral. ‘Ans. 14, (a) Lot the third vertex be (x, y), then +5-2 y+at4 3 =>x=12 and6= =>y=10 Ans. 18. (a) A= 4/2[1(1+1)-1(-141)-1(41-1]=2 ‘Ans. 16. (a) Let the point be (x, y), then according to the given’condition x? +y? =3y {°. distance from x- axis isy) = e+y2= oy? = x - By ADBC ‘Ans.17. (8) Sage = 5 = 2ADBC= OBC = 2(14x -7) ‘Ans.18. (d)Given 7 A~ 7B=0 = tan(A-B)=tand ..() k In right angled triangle CDA, tan A = Wc 4+1_-3 3+1_2 2442 +43 Sag «Sap =— 1. Hence it is a rectangle. ‘Ans. 20. (a) Here area of quadrilateral is equal to area of AABD + area of \BCD. Also Sap Sap cab) A B00) (2, ab) © C(a.b) a -b i] 0 0 ] 0 0 aj+a b =O la? ab | [a? ab Hence the points are collinear Ans. 21. (d) For (1, 3), 3x + 2y =3 + 6 >0, for (5, 0),3x 5 +0 > 0 and for (-1, 2), -3 + 4 > 0. Similarly other inequalities hold good. Ans.22. (b) x= 245+8 _ 10 = andy =H. a 3.3 5 i | 1=0>|p 5 ho 7 = 10-(p-10)+(7p-50)=0 5 p=5 Ans. 24, (b) ‘Ans. 26. (c) Locus of P is let Je’ ty? By +16 -yx" +y? +8y+16|=6, Squaring both sides, we get : yh 2= fa? by? By +16 yx +y" — By +16 => (XP + y? = 2)? = (x2 + y2 + 16) - (By)? 3 as ‘Ans.23. (a) 9|P 5 =0 ho” 7 => On simplification, we get = 7 _| Ans. 26. (a) Since (0, 4), (4, 0), (1, 1) are coordinates of vertices, therefore it is an isosceles A. Ans. 27. (d) L (4,4) =3 (-1)~8 (-1)-7<0 Le.n=3 x 3- 8x 7-7<0 ‘Ans. 28, (b) Let A (3, -4) and C (-6, 5) be the and of diagenal of parallelogram ABCD. Let B (-2, 1) anda ‘Dimensional Geometry ] {hs Then mid—points of di poe x-2_-6+3 7 jonals AC and B x2 y+l_5- D roa 80M : inates of D are (~1, 0). 2 J, (c) Required ratio is ~ (3/1) = ys. Aen Sx=-Ly=0 =0 x-yet Ba) x+y-5=0 ipo the triangle is right angled so the circumcent am middle point of hypotenuse ie. (2, 1). re will 4ns.31. (b) According to the given condition fen? easy? ay onsquaring both sides, we get mraest=2 eed sy? yest Again on squaring, we get 12x? ~ 4y? = 3. 2+44+x +y ‘ans.32. (€) %1 1 A+Y —, y=ay, +6. Therefor 9 (3x, -6) +7 (Sy; (0 which is n +8) 420, Hence locus is 27x + 2ty ~ paraielto 9x-+ 7y + 4=0. ‘ns. 33, (a) The three given points are O (0, 0), A (0: 4) 20dB (6, 0) and let P (x, y) be the moving point. Ara ot APOA = 2. Area of APOB = (12) x 4 x 242% V2x6xy or x= + SY Hence the equation to both parts of the locus of (x 3y) +3) =0 ingle formed by these na.34. (4) Since the area of trial ear. ‘hints is zero, therefore the points are collin os. 38. (a) 1, = (Gay? +(@b)" = gyatsb? WEF ET b= lea? Sep? -2Jar +b? 2h le th- "08 the points are collinear. mse. (©) On solving the ‘ertioes of triangle as (~% ations, We nd (0, 5). [1DG-7 Ans. 37. (d) By the given condition, we mean that the areas of both triangles are same. But it does not mean that the triangles are congruent. Ans. 38. (b) (x — 4)2 + (y— 2)? = x? ~8x-4y +20= Ans. 39. (c) We know that if the origin is shited to (h, k), then new coordinates (x, y) becomes (x -h, y~k)- Therefore, the new coordinate of (4, 5) with respect to new origin (1, -2) are (3, 7). 145 _ x42 8 2° Ans. 41. (b) Ratio = - ( 3 SBC | = y) + MY - AABC | [66 +2)-3(-2- [ix+7y—14)_|x+¥-2] 7 ‘Ans. 43. (¢) Let P(h,k). Given 2PA = SPB ; APA? = 9PB = 4h? +42) = of(h—4)? + (k + 9)7] => 5h? + 5k? 72h + 54k + 225 =0 Hence the locus of point P is given by 5x24 Sy2=72x + Sdy + 225= 0 ‘Ans. 44. (b) Distance = /b? cos 6 + b®sin?@ = b Ans, 45. (b)L = 3x=4y ~8=0. L g.4)79- 16-8 <0 and Li +9) =6 + 24-8 >0 Hence the points lie on opposite side of the line, ‘Ans. 46. (b) Here AB? = (a ~ 0)? + (b - 0) OA? = (a 0)? + (b— 0) = a? + b? and OB? = c? + d? Be) ‘Ans. 40. (b) Ans. 42. (a) 5) A o ac+ bd fia? +b? )(c* +4") ‘Ans. 47. (b) The given points are collinear, i 1 1] =0 1 0 - sec? Zleosec’® 0 AreaTDG-8 ] => 1(e026) + 1 (cosec26) — 1 (cosec?6 . sec?6) = 0 1 1 1 cos*@ sin*@ sin” @cos"8 Therefore, the points are collinear for all values of 8, except only @ = nx/2 because at @ = nn/2, sec70 = a ‘Ans. 48. (d) Choose AB = 2a along x-axis and mid-point ‘as origin, so that A is (-a, 0) and B is (a, 0) jt +y2}+ |{cx-a* +y"} = 2k Thus |f{(x+ay* +y?} + ff{(x-a)? +y" 7 On simplification, we get the locus which is an ellipse. Ans. 49. (b) It is a fundamental concept. ‘Ans. 50. (c) According to the condition > =0>0=0 y i 55 | no K =0 >|5 K-56 Q=0>K=7 61 -10 1-5 ‘Ans. 51. (a) Mid-poiint of AB is (2, 2), therefore the tequired length is the distance between the points (2, 2) and (2, 1) ie. 1, ‘Ans. 52. (b) The vertices of the triangle are A (2, -2), B (1,1) and C (-2, 2). Therefore AB = Jip =BC: But AC = 93 , hence the triangle is isosceles. ‘Ans. 53. (a) ‘Ans. 54. (b) Let middle point of stick AB is (h, k), therefore 7 (22 O+b) 22 But we know from figure (0, b)B that a? +b? = [2 = 4h? + 4k? = 2 Hence the locus is x2 + y2 = 2/4 = which is obviously a circle” Ans.85. (a) a = 11, b = 20, c = 13, Hence incentre is (xozosetot8 waeadet2e 8012) ) hd > a= 11420413 11+20+13 ®. (7,8). ‘Ans.58. [From treangle 0Q,Q,, by applying cosine formula Qs xp ¥9) Q,Q,? = 00,? + 20,00, cos Q,00, 1F (Ky = Hp)? + (yy = v9) [Two Dimensional Geometry OF X4Xp + ¥i¥o = OQ;.0Q, cos Q,0Q5. OF (y= Xa)? + (Wr — Ya) = x,2 + ¥;2-+ Yo? 20Q;.00, cos 9 OF X, Xp + Ys = 0Q,.0Q, cos Q,0Q, Ans.57. (a) (x-a)?+y?=(x+a)* = y? = dax Note : This is also the definition of parabola y? = 4ax ‘Ans. 58. (d) Let point be (h, k), then he +k? = 4 andh=k —— {-. Point lies on line y = x} On solving, h= 4/2 andk= +2 Hence the point is (/2,V2) or (-v2,-V2): ‘Ans. 59. (a) The points are collinear if thé area of triangle formed by these three points is zero. >. Zl {2k - (6 - 2k)} + (1- ko{(6 - 2k) (2 2k)}) 4(-4 — k){(2~ 2k) - 2} } On simplification, we get k= - 1 or 1/2 woe a) K+8_2+5 ‘Ans. 60. (c) Let fourth vertex be (x, y), then —— = — W247 ang U*4 Sxq-ly-l 2 ‘Ans. 61. (a) The straight line x cos a+y sin a = p meets P the x-axis at the point A | = 0) and the y-axis at the point B (oes zr Let (h, k) be the coordinates of the midale point ofthe line segment AB. Then P Pp 2sina = cosa = p/2h and sina = p/2k 4 oa andk Zeosa = sin?a + costa = 4h? 1 } Hence locus ofthe point (h, k) ls 3 +5 ‘Ans. 62. (c) Let centroid is (x, y), then xe 44342 3-2+8_ =Bandy 1 L 3 } Ane. 63. (c)Required length = (gi)? +(-e+i) = vi Ans. 64, (b) Let A (-1, 1), B (0, -8), C (5, 2) and D (4,6) = AB= Ji7,CD= 7, BC = /gp, AD = 50: AC= /37 andBD= Jp7. Obviously AB = CD and BC = AD. Also diagonal AC * BD. Therefore, quadrilateral is parallelogram. ‘Ane.68, (d) AB=BC=CD = AD=6 and also AC + 82: Ky? + yy? + Xp? + ya? = 200,00, 008 0 Therefore, It is. a rhombus,