By | . 3 ea apie’ AaBbt AaBbC« El = mec. een Mei ia y ese espe. Hina Ht cpboard Font Pagan sitet EXPERIMENT NO.: ESC 391/06(A) a> TITLE: Study of Digital to Analog Converter ‘0 study of Digital to Analog Converter (DAC). ‘THEORY: ‘Most physical variables are analog in nature. Quantities such as temperature, pressure and weight can have an number or values. Converting an analog value to a di alent (binary number) is called joni performed by’an Analog-to-D wertet (ADC), After processing sults of such operation back to analog values; this, ter (DAC) DIA conversion is the process of converting a value represented in digital code, such as straight binary of BCD, into voltage or current which is proportional to the digital value Such oper often necessary to convert i function is performed b tal-t-Analog.conv Symbol of a ty /A converter il DP. Type here to searchAaseccod AaBbi AaBbCc | TNoSpic. Heading Henny? ‘function is performed by a Digital to-Analog convenes (DAC), DIA conversion is the process of converting a value represented in digital code, such as ‘straight binary or BCD, into a voltage or current which is proportional tothe dita value DIA converse mA eed log output ‘Each of the digital input D3, D2, D1.and DO can assume a value 0 or 1, therefore, there are 2*= 16 possible Combinations of puts. For each input number 0000, 000}. .LL11, the D/A converter output is a unique ‘value of voltage. The output ofthe converter is, therefore, not truly analog. The greater the number of input ‘bite, the closer the output resembles a true analog quantity. Resolution is a measure of this propertyAnalog Electronics Laboratory (ESC391) eee Resolution: The resolution of a DAC isthe reciprocal ofthe mumber of discrete steps in the output. This is ‘dependent on the number of input bits. Resolution can also be expressed as the amount of voltage or current perstep. % of resolution = (1/ total no.of steps) x 100% SAU PU) x 100% [for N bit DAC] ‘The R.2R Ladder type DAC: ‘This is the most popular DAC. It uses a ladder network containing series-parallel combinations of two sesistors of values R and 2R. Hence the name. The operational amplifier configured as voltaze follower is ‘used to prevent loading. The ctcuit diagram of a R-2R laddes type DAC having a 4-bit digital input. When a digital signal D3 D2 D1 D0 is applied atthe input terminals of the DAC, an equivalent analog signal is produced at the output terminal ‘CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: P Type here to search +>Pind ~ ee sastecod AaBbt AaBbCc !) a, TieSeecs Haein’ tess? | pt R Fig. 1: Circuit Diagram for R-2R Ladder type DAC GB gen vetessiaePind Replace 2 Selects ses esting wasted AABbI AaBbCc — Heading | Henna? DP. Type here to search& if * on, | eee = BS |[fimesewRo =[14 =] ao | Aa | HF astsccos| mnotccos. AaBbt AaBbCc || feos ase |S fm: m- nel AY ae Go Nanormat | to Sore. Heacing Heasing2 [=] 1 sect CONCLUSION: Poses Sores OF un mn