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Unit 1
PART-A (2 marks)
1. Define Skin effect.
2. What is meant by proximity effect?
3. Differentiate the stranded conductor and bundled conductor.
4. List out the advantages of double circuit lines.
5. Define - Self and mutual – G.M.D.
6. What is meant by inductive interference?
7. What is transposition of conductors?

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8. What is ACSR conductor?

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9. What is fictitious conductor radius?
10. Define unsymmetrical and symmetrical spacing.

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11.What is meant by corona discharge?
12.Why skin effect is absent in dc system?
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13.On what factors skin effect depends?
14.What is a bundle conductor?What are its advantages?gin
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15.What are composite conductors? What are the main disadvantages of corona?
16.What is local corona? What are the methods adopted to reduce corona?
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17.Define inductance of a line. Mention the factors governing inductance of a line.
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18.What is the necessity of a double circuit line?
19. Write an expression for inductance of a single phase transmission system. t
20. Define corona and critical disruptive voltage.

PART-B (16 marks)

1. (i)From the fundamentals derive an expression for inductance of a single phase
transmission system. (8) (ii) Write short notes on corona discharges(8)
2. Derive an expression for capacitances of a single phase transmission system and
discuss the effect of earth on capacitance with suitable equation. (16)
3. Derive an expression for inductance i) Of a single-phase overhead line. (8) ii) A
conductor is composed of seven identical copper strands each having a radius r. Find the
self-GMD of the conductor. (8)

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4. i) Derive an expression for the capacitance between conductors of a Single phase

overhead line. (8) ii) Find the capacitance between the conductors of a single-phase 10 km
long line. The diameter of each conductor is 1.213cm. The spacing between conductors is
1.25m. Also find the capacitance of each conductor neutral. (8)
5. i) Derive the expression for inductance of a two wire 1Φ transmission line (8) ii) Derive
the expression for capacitance of a 1Φ transmission line (8)
6. i) What are the advantages of bundled conductors? (4) ii) Derive the expression for
capacitance of a double circuit line for hexagonal spacing. (8) iii) Why is the concept of
self GMD is not applicable for capacitance? (4)
7. i) Explain clearly the skin effect and the proximity effects when referred to
overhead lines. (8) ii) Write a short note on the inductive interference between power
and communication lines. (8)

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8. i) Derive the expression for the capacitance per phase of the 3 Φ double circuit line flat

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vertical spacing with transposition. (8) ii) A 3 Φ overhead transmission line has its
conductors arranged at the corners of an equilateral triangle of 2m side. Calculate the
capacitance of each line conductor per km. Given the diameter of each conductor is
1.25cm. (8)
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9. i)Find the capacitance per km per phase of a 3Φ line arrangement in a horizontal plane
spaced 8 metres apart. The height of all conductors above the earth is 13 metres. The

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diameter of each conductor is 2.6 cm. the line is completely transposed and takes the
effect of ground into account. (8) ii). Discuss the concept of GMR and GMD in the
calculation of transmission line inductance. (8)
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10. Find the inductance /phase /km of doublecircuit 3phase line shown in fig. the line is
completely Transposed and operates at a frequency of 50Hz. Radius r = 6mm (16)

Unit 2
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1. Classify overhead transmission lines.
PART- A (2 MARKS)
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2. Define transmission efficiency.
3. What is a transmission line?
4. List out the common methods of representation of medium transmission lines.
5. Define regulation of power transmission line.
6. What is tuned power line?
7. What is surge impedance loading or natural loading?
8. What are the voltages regulating equipments used in transmission systems?
9. What is attenuation in a power transmission line?

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10. What are the units of generalized constants of a transmission line?

11. What Is surge impedance loading? What is the range of surge impedance for an
overhead transmission line?
12. What is a power circle diagram?
13. What is meant by the receiving end power circle diagram?
14. What is Ferranti effect? What is the cause of Ferranti effect?
15. Differentiate between voltage stability and rotor angle stability.
16. What is the use of power circle diagram?
17. What are the causes of voltage drop and line loss in a transmission line?

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18. What are the advantages of using series compensation?
19. What is stringing chart? What are the uses of stringing chart?

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20. What are the factors which govern the performance of a transmission line?

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1. Determine the efficiency and regulation of a 3phase, 100Km, 50 Hz transmission line

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delivering 20 MW at a power factor of 0.8 lagging and 66 kV to a balanced load. The

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conductors are of copper, each having resistance 0.1 Ω / Km, 1.5 cm outside dia, spaced
equilaterally 2 metres between centres. Use nominal T method. (16)

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2. A three phase 5 km long transmission line, having resistance of 0.5 Ω / km and inductance
of 1.76mH/km is delivering power at 0.8 pf lagging. The receiving end voltage is

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32kV. If the supply end voltage is 33 kV, 50 Hz, find line current, regulationand efficiency
of the transmission line. (16)

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3. Derive the expressions for sending end voltage in nominal T method and end Condenser
method. (16)
4. What is an equivalent circuit of long line? Derive expression for parameters
circuit in terms of line parameters. (16)
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5. i) Define regulation of a transmission line and derive the approximate expression for the
regulation of a short transmission line. (8) ii) What is corona loss? How do you determine
this loss? (8)
6. A 220kV, 3Φ transmission line has an impedance per phase of (40+j200)Ω and an
admittance of (0+j0.0015) mho. Determine the sending end voltage and sending end current
when the receiving end current is 200 A at 0.95 pf lagging. Use nominal method. (16)
7. Determine the efficiency and regulation of a three phase 200 km, 50Hz transmission line
delivering 100MW at a pf of 0.8 lagging and 33kV to a balanced load. The conductors are of

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copper, each having resistance 0.1 Ω/km, and 1.5cm outside dia, spaced equilaterally 2m
between centres. Neglect leakage reactance and use nominal T and π methods. (16)
8. i) Explain the Ferranti effect with a phasor diagram and its causes. (16)
9. A 50Hz transmission line 300 km long total series impedance of 40+j25 Ω and total shunt
admittance of 10-3 mho. The 220 Kv with 0.8 lagging power factor. Find the sending end
voltage, current, power and power factor using nominal pi method.(16)
10.i) Explain the classification of lines based on their length of transmission. (6) ii) What
are ABCD constants. (10)

Unit 3
PART-A (2 MARKS)

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1. What is AIS?
2. What is earth resistance?

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3. What are the classifications of substation according to service?

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4. What are the types of transformer substations? What are the equipments used in a
transformer substation?

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5. What are the factors to be considered for busbar design?
6. What is neutral grounding or neutral earthing?
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7. What is GIS?
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8. What are the different types of bus bar arrangements in substations?
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10. What are the materials mainly used in busbars?
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11.Define sag.
12. What is the reason for sag in transmission line?
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13.Name the types of towers.
14.Mention the factors that affect sag in the transmission line.
15.Define coefficient of earthing.
16.Mention two disadvantages of ungrounded neutral.
17.Name the various types of grounding.
18.How the capacitance effect is taken into account in a long line?
19.What is substation? 20.What is meant by tower spotting?

PART-B

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1. Explain the following: (i) Neutral grounding (ii) Resistance grounding. (16)
2.Write short notes on AIS. (16)
3.Write short notes on GIS. (16)
4.Explain various methods of grounding. (16)
5. An overhead line has a span of 336 m. The line is supported ,at a water Crossing from
two towers whose heights are 33.6 m and 29 m above water level. The weight of conductor
is 8.33 N/m and tension in the conductor is not to exceed 3.34 × 104 N. Find (i) Clearance
between the lowest point on the conductor and water (ii) horizontal distance of this point
from the lower support. (16)
6. a)Derive expressions for sag and tension in a power conductor strung between to
supports at equal heights taking into account the wind and ice loading also.(8) b)An

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overhead line has a span of 300m. The conductor diameter is 1.953 cm and the conductor
weight is 0.844 kg/m. calculate the vertical sag when a wind pressure is 736 N/sq.m of

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projected area acts on conductor. The breaking strength of conductor is 77990 N and the
conductor should not exceed half the breaking strength.(8)

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7. A transmission line conductor at a river crossing is supported from two towers at a height
of 50 and 80 m above water level. The horizontal distance between the towers is 300 m. if

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the tension in the conductor is 2000 kg find the clearance between the conductor and water
at a point midway between the towers. Weight of conductor/m = 0.844 kg. Derive the
formula used. (16)
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8. Derive the expressions for sag and conductor length under bad weather conditions.
Assume Shape of overhead line is a parabola. (16)
9. Write short notes on
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i. Explain the design principles of substation grounding system (8)
ii. Grounding grids (8)
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10.With the neat layout explain the design of modern substation with all protecting devices.
(16)
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