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1 - Unit 1 Conceptual Model of GIS

Unit 1 discusses three conceptual models of GIS: object-based, network-based, and field-based. Object-based models emphasize individual phenomena and their relationships. Network-based models consider interactions between objects along discrete paths. Field-based models treat phenomena as continuously variable across space, such as pollutant concentrations or soil moisture levels.

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Priya Roy
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7 views

1 - Unit 1 Conceptual Model of GIS

Unit 1 discusses three conceptual models of GIS: object-based, network-based, and field-based. Object-based models emphasize individual phenomena and their relationships. Network-based models consider interactions between objects along discrete paths. Field-based models treat phenomena as continuously variable across space, such as pollutant concentrations or soil moisture levels.

Uploaded by

Priya Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1

Conceptual Model of GIS


Conceptual Model of GIS
There are different models, which have influenced the

way in which data are organized and processed within

GIS.

They are based respectively on

1.Objects

2.Networks and

3.Fields
A) Objects based Models:

• Objects - based spatial models emphasize individual phenomenon

that are to be studied in isolation or in terms of their relationships

with other phenomenon.

• Any phenomenon however big or small may be designed as an

object, provided that it can be separate conceptually from

neighboring phenomenon.

• Objects may be composed from other objects and they may have

specific relationship with other separate objects.


• An object based view is appropriate, though not confined , to

phenomena that have well defined boundaries.

• Hence it is suited to human made phenomenon, such as

buildings, roads , utilities and administrative regions.

• Some natural phenomena , such as lakes , rivers , islands and

forests are often represented in object based models because

they need to be treated as discrete phenomenon for some

purpose.
B) Network based Models:

• Network based spatial model share some aspects of the

objects based model in that they often deal with discrete

phenomenon, but the essential characteristics is the need to

consider interactions between multiple objects often along

discrete paths or routes that connects them .

• The exact shape of the phenomenon may not be of much

importance.
• What is more important is some measure of distance or

the impedance between specified phenomenon.

• Typical example of application for which a network

model is appropriate are studies on traffic on road , sea ,

air route ; and analysis of flow of water , gas, and

electricity through pipeline and cables.


C) Field based Models:
• The field based view is appropriate for modeling

phenomenon that are regarded as continuously variable

across some region of space .

• Examples of phenomenon that may be treated as fields

include the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere,

temperature, of the ground surface , the moisture levels in the

soil and the speed and direction of the flow in bodies of air

and water .
• Fields may represent either two or three spatial

dimensions, depending on the application.

• A field based spatial model is often adopted when the

data to be modeled are not known in sufficient detail to

provide precise boundaries, Even though at some

resolution they could be said to exist .


Data Structure:
• There are number of different ways to organize the data
inside the information system.
• The choice of data structure affects both; data storage
volume and processing efficiency .
• Many GIS software’s have specialized capabilities for
storage and manipulating attribute data in addition to
spatial information.
• Three basic data structures are -Relational, Hierarchical
and Network.

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