AR452: Intro to Urban and Regional Planning

Characterizing and
Defining CITIES (Part 2)
Arch. Eduardo F. Bober, Jr., PhD Cand.
TIP-QC Special Industry Lecturer
 Measuring Cities Performance
Cities and Municipalities  The competitiveness is
Competitiveness Index [CMCI] focused on the idea of
productivity.
 An annual ranking of Philippine cities and  Competitiveness as based
municipalities developed by the National on location and is
Competitiveness Council through the Regional essentially the productivity
Competitiveness Committees (RCCs) with the that companies located
assistance of the United States Agency for there can achieve.
International Development.  Local competitiveness is
how a city or municipality
knows its resources and
how it uses these to
improve its standard of
living.
Cities and Municipalities
Competitiveness Index [CMCI]

5 Pillars

“Almost everything matters for competitiveness –

schools, roads, financial markets, the consumer.”
- Michael Porter-
 Cities and Municipalities
Competitiveness Index [CMCI]
Public Sector: A diagnostic tool by LGU officials
to assess the competitiveness of their city or
municipality and identify areas for improvement
and collaboration. Data provide insight for policy
making, development planning and investment
promotion.

Private Sector: A guide in deciding where to

locate. Data on the different indicators will prove
valuable depending on the specific needs of
their business.

Academe: A general picture of Philippine cities

and municipalities may be used by the academe,
civil society and even tourists as a take-off point
https://cmci.dti.gov.ph/rankings.php
for further research.
 Measuring Cities Performance
Local Governance Performance Management
System [LGPMS]
 A self-assessment, management
and development tool that will
enable LGUs to determine their
capabilities and limitations in the
delivery of essential public services.
 INDICATORS:
 Administrative Governance
 Social Governance
 Economic Governance
 Environmental Governance
 Fundamentals of Good Governance
 Local Governance Performance Management
System [LGPMS] https://lgpms.dilg.gov.ph/

 LGUs – Monitor their performance and assess

the state of development for the purpose of
influencing local and national decisions or
actions essential in the provision of quality
basic services to the constituents, and in
addressing development gaps in the locality.
 DILG - Link the information generated from
the system to Department plans and
programs that impact on local governments
as it pursues its mandate of supporting the
capacity development of LGUs towards self-
governance, and development and its
administrative oversight role in advancing in
the interest of public accountability.
 Other Users (i.e.,other National Government
Agencies (NGAs), Development Institutions,
Investors, Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGOs), Academe and the General Public -
to facilitate research and the pulling of
information about local governments as
inputs to development studies, policy or
project development.
 Cities of Opportunity Index*
https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/what-defines-city

Different organizations
worldwide attempt to rank,
(PricewaterhouseCooper)
measure and define cities
based on their unique
perspectives to compare
one city from the other.

The question would be

”what defines a city?”

“What differentiates one

from the other?”
Cities of Opportunity Index* *2014 Results

 (1st) London  (2nd) New York  (3rd) Singapore

https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/what-defines-city
 Arcadis Sustainable Cities Index
https://www.arcadis.com/en/knowledge-hub/perspectives/global/sustainable-cities-index

 How well the world cities delivering the

promise of prosperity? PROSPERITY
 The promise of prosperity is why the beyond profit
majority of people live in cities.
Sustainable cities are better at delivering The UN defines a 'prosperous'
on this promise than others. city as “one that is productive,
 Financial profits alone do not guarantee provides adequate
prosperity for the masses. infrastructure, has a good
 The Arcadis Sustainable Cities Index 2022 quality of life, offers equity and
ranks 100 of the world’s cities based on social inclusion, and is
51 metrics, across 26 indicator themes, practicing environmental
arrayed under the three pillars of
sustainability”.
sustainability: planet, people, and profit.
 Arcadis Sustainable Cities Index

PROSPERITY is no longer based on just economic or financial measures. It is a combination of all

three pillars of Planet, People, and Profit that need to be considered before a city can unlock its
prosperity potential.
 Arcadis Sustainable Cities Index
 The PLANET pillar assesses  The PEOPLE pillar measures  The PEOPLE pillar measures
the quality of natural the quality of social the quality of social
environment infrastructure in a city infrastructure in a city

Planet RANKING People RANKING Profit RANKING

The Economics of Cities
 Cities, as urban centers, are  No primary activities performed
high density concentrations of in cities.
people and their activities.  Manufacturing, a type of
 Primary: agriculture, mining, secondary activity, served in the
forestry, fishery past as catalyst for
concentration of people, due to
 Secondary: industries, employment.
manufacturing, construction
 Tertiary and quaternary activities
 Tertiary: retail, wholesale, have now emerged as more
finance, professional significant source of employment
services, business, repair in cities.
services
 Cities exist because of the
 Quaternary: information advantages of locating
processing services, tourism economic activities close to
each other.
The Economics of Cities
Categories of Cities  Growth of cities, is primarily
caused by the attraction and rise
Economic Functions: of tertiary and quaternary urban
 Tertiary and Quaternary Functions functions, while secondary
(service and information) activities principally causing the
 Secondary Functions emergence of cities.

 Transportation and Communication  What attracts such broad range

Functions of urban economic functions?
 Higher levels of productivity by
clustering rather than dispersing
such activities.
 Higher levels of production
efficiency translates into higher
levels of earnings/personal
income for urban residents.
 The Economics of Cities 2 Reasons for Higher Level of
Urban Production Efficiency
[1] Economy of Scale [2] Communication Economies -benefits
and savings derived from communication
 Internal Economy of Scale – economic expenses due to access of needed
advantage of an increasing rate of output of a information.
single production unit (farm, firm, factory)
 Cities as nodal points for the collection, sorting
 Agglomeration Economies – savings derived and dissemination of information.
from the geographic activities of the same
type/category.  Information, and their communication , play a
vital role in the functioning of numerous
 ADVANTAGES: Proximity and access to:
economic activities in the city. What attracts
 Raw materials, skilled labor, repair and such broad range of urban economic
maintenance services, machineries and functions?
equipment, supplies and auxiliary materials.
 Examples:
 Urban Economies – savings derived from the
concentration of various types of economic  Documentation and information on business
transactions
activities.
 Business decisions invariably requires information
 ADVANTAGES: Access to:
before they are made.
 Transport services, banking and commercial
 Information on ne trends , products,
services, fire and police protection, varied
technologies, etc.
labor market
End of Presentation. Thank you.