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LESSON 2 - BASICS OF A COMPUTER Laboratory

This document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes the basic parts of a computer including the input, output, processing, storage, and memory units. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners. The central processing unit processes and executes instructions. Primary memory includes RAM and ROM. Secondary storage devices for long-term storage include hard disks, optical disks, and flash memory. The document also discusses different types of computers based on size and power, and provides examples of mobile devices like tablets, e-readers, and smartphones.

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21 views

LESSON 2 - BASICS OF A COMPUTER Laboratory

This document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes the basic parts of a computer including the input, output, processing, storage, and memory units. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners. The central processing unit processes and executes instructions. Primary memory includes RAM and ROM. Secondary storage devices for long-term storage include hard disks, optical disks, and flash memory. The document also discusses different types of computers based on size and power, and provides examples of mobile devices like tablets, e-readers, and smartphones.

Uploaded by

youhoa101
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEALTH INFROMATION SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
TO COMPUTER Kristine Abegail B. Aninon,RMT

[email protected] Cebu Doctors' University


WHAT IS A
COMPUTER?
A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory that can accept data (input),
process the data according to specified rules,
produce information (output), and store the
information for future use

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Any digital computer carries out five
FUNCTIONALITIES functions in gross terms:
OF A
COMPUTER Takes data as input.

Stores the data/instructions in its


memory and use them when required.

Processes the data and converts it into


useful information.

Generates the output

Controls all the above four steps


COMPUTER COMPONENTS

Hardware Software
HARDWARE
Computer hardware is the
collection of physical
elements”Tangible objects”that
constitutes a computer system.

The actual machinery, wires,


transistors, and circuits … etc.
SOFTWARE

Computer Programs
instructions and data
COMPUTER UNITS

Input Unit

Central processing Unit

Primary Memory Unit

Secondary Storage Unit

Output Unit
INPUT DEVICES
Input device is any peripheral
(piece of computer hardware
equipment to provide data and
control signals to an information
processing system such as a
computer or other information
appliance.
EXAMPLE

KeyboardMouse (pointing device)


Microphone
Touch screen
Scanner
WebcamTouchpads
CENTRAL
PROCESSING UNIT

CPU known as microprocessor


or processorIt is responsible
for all functions and processes
CPU COMPONENTS THE CPU IS
COMPRISED OF THREE MAIN PARTS

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)


Control Unit (CU)
Registers: Stores the data that
is to be executed next.
PRIMARY MEMORY
RAM: Random Access Memory:
is a memory scheme within the
computer system responsible
for storing data on a temporary
basis, so that it can be
promptly accessed by the
processor as and when needed.
PRIMARY MEMORY

ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM


is a permanent form of storage.
ROM stays active regardless of
whether power supply to it is
turned on or off. ROM devices
do not allow data stored on
them to be modified.
SECONDARY MEMORY STORES DATA AND
PROGRAMS PERMANENTLY

Hard Disk
Optical Disk
Flash memory
HARD DISK CALLED DISK DRIVE OR HDD

Stores and provides relatively


quick access to large amounts
of data.Stores data on an
electromagnetically charged
surface or set of surfaces.
OPTICAL DISK & FLASH
an optical disc drive (ODD) is a
disk drive that uses laser light
to store data.There are three
main types of optical media:
CD, DVD, and Blu-ray discCD
“Compact Disk” can store up to
700MBDVD “ Digital Video Disk
“ can store up to 8.4 GBBlu-ray
disc. can store up to 50 GB
FLASH DISK

A storage module made of flash


memory chips.
A Flash disks have no mechanical
platters or access arms, but the term
"disk" is used because the data are
accessed as if they were on a hard
drive.
The disk storage structure is emulated.
OUTPUT
UNIT
An output device is any piece of computer
hardware equipment used to communicate
the results of data processing carried out
by an information processing system
(such as a computer)converts the
electronically generated information into
human-readable form.
SOFTWARE
Software is a generic term for organized
collections of computer data and
instructions, often broken into two major
categories two major categories:system
softwareapplication software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
KNOWN AS OPERATING
SYSTEM
is responsible for controlling, integrating,
and managing the individual hardware
components of a computer
systemWindows is an example of OS
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running the


computer system.
COMPUTER
CLASSIFICATION
Computers can be classified by size and power to:
Personal computer (PCs)
Workstation
Minicomputer
MainframE
SuperComputer
COMPUTER CLASSIFICATION
Personal computer (PCs): a small, single-user computer based
on a microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a
personal computer has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor
for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data.

Workstation: a powerful, single-user computer.


A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more
powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.
COMPUTER CLASSIFICATION
Minicomputer: multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to
hundreds of users simultaneously.

Mainframe: powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many


hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.Supercomputer: an
extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of
instructions per second.
COMPUTER CLASSIFICATION
Compare between the previous type of computers based on price
processing Speed, Storage, Capacity, Powerful, Single-user or Multi-
user computer, Size Companies.
LAPTOP COMPUTER IS A
PORTABLE COMPUTER
personal computer that can be easily carried
and used in a variety of locations.run the same
software and applications in PCs

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NETBOOK COMPUTER
A netbook is a type of laptop that is designed
to be even more portable.Cheaper and less
powerful than laptops or desktops.They are
generally less powerful than other types of
computers, but they provide enough power for
and internet access, which is where the name
"netbook"
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comes from.
MOBILE DEVICES TABLET
COMPUTERS E-BOOK READERS
SMARTPHONES
A mobile device is basically any handheld
computer.It is designed to be extremely
portable.Some mobile devices are more
powerfulTypes:Tablet ComputersE-Book
ReadersSmartphones
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TABLET COMPUTERS DESIGNED TO
BE PORTABLE.

The most obvious difference is that tablet


computers don't have keyboards or
touchpads.Best used for tasks like web
browsing, watching videos, reading e- books,
and playing games.
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TABLET COMPUTERS
The most obvious difference is that tablet computers don't have
keyboards or touchpads. Instead, the entire screen is touch-
sensitive, allowing you to type on a virtual keyboard and use your
finger as a mouse pointer.Tablet computers are mostly designed
for consuming media, and they are optimized for tasks like web
browsing, watching videos, reading e-books, and playing games

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SMARTPHONES A POWERFUL
MOBILE PHONE
Designed to run a variety of applications in addition to phone
service.Compare it with the tablet?Internet access is an
important feature of smartphones. (3G or 4G)(Wi-Fi Service)

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DATA, INFORMATION AND
KNOWLEDGE
Facts and figures which relay something specificbut which are
not organized in any way and which provide no further
information regarding patternsunstructured facts and figures

For data to become information, it must be contextualized,


categorized, calculated and condensed. (Processing)it is data
with relevance and purpose.

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Proceed to take your post-test

END

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