Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII-Central Visayas
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BOHOL

WEEKLY LESSON PLAN in ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

(DepEd Order 42, s 2016)

Teachers Name: CHERRY ANNE B. DAHIROC Quarter: 2__

Subject and Grade Level: GRADE 11 ______ Week: 7 Day 1

Most General Objective: Employ various communicative strategies in different

Essential situations
Learning
Competency
- (MELC)
Specific Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to;
A. Knowledge: Identify public speaking situations
B. Psychomotor: Differentiate the types of speech according to purpose
and delivery
C. Affective: Show respect by listening thoroughly to the different speeches
Content TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO PURPOSE AND DELIVERY

Learning  Division of Bohol Modules on Oral Communication- Week 7

Resources  Philippe John Fresnillo, Anne Richie Garcia Balgos. Oral Communication in
Context for Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc., 2016.

 FSUSD-Quinton D. Craw. 2015. “The Girl Who Silenced the World for 5
Minutes! English Subs.” April 15, 2015. Video, 8:32. https://tinyurl.com/hptrezp
 Syed Hye. 2018. “Winning MLK Oratorical Speech PWCS.” February 22, 2018.
Video,5:27. https://tinyurl.com/y5n4tn3y
 Tara Taylor. 2016. “The Dangers of Cell Phones-Persuasive Speech.” May 25,
2016.Video, 6:32. https://tinyurl.com/y6aamsgs
 AteneodeManilaU. 2012. “Ateneo HS senior Anton Sison 2012 Voice of Our
Youthdistrict champ of Quezon City.” November 13, 2012. Video,
7:02.https://tinyurl.com/yxgncq56
 open.lib.umn.edu. n.d. “14.1 Four Methods of Delivery”. Accessed September
30, 2020. https://tinyurl.com/yanlzpp6
 TV, cellphone, copies of videos’ transcripts
Procedures A. Preparation

● Opening Prayer.

● Setting the classroom environment (arranging the chairs, checking if the

classroom is clean and orderly).

● Ensuring a safe learning environment for everyone. Giving of New Normal

classroom rules.

● Checking of attendance and uniform.

● Stating the objectives of the lesson.

B. Motivation

 Read the text in the box below aloud.

C. Presentation
Analysis:
1. What do you think is the event/public speaking situation of this speech?
2. What is the purpose of the speaker in this speech?
3. If you are to deliver this in public, how would you like to do the presentation?
D. Discussion/Abstraction

 Types of Speech According to Purpose and Delivery

 Speech Delivery
- is a matter of nonverbal communication
- is based on how you use your voice and body to convey the message
expressed by your words
 Types of Speech According to Purpose
- Informative
- Entertainment
- Persuasive
 Types of Speech According to Delivery
- Extemporaneous
- Impromptu
- Manuscript
- Memorized

E. Exercises

Direction: Watch and listen to the video and identify the answers of the following from
the video.
Links of the video: https://tinyurl.com/hptrezp

1. What is the type of the speech according to Purpose?

2. What is the type of the speech according to Delivery?

Note: If video could not be played, a transcript of the video’s speech is provided in the attachment.

F. Generalization

 Speech delivery is __________________________________.

 There are 3 types of speech according to purpose namely ____________,
 ______________, and _______________.
 ______________, _____________, _____________ and ______________ are
the different types of speech according to delivery.

G. Application

Direction: Watch the videos and fill in the table with the correct answers.

Links of the videos:

1. https://tinyurl.com/yxgncq56
2. https://tinyurl.com/y6aamsgs
3. https://tinyurl.com/y5n4tn3y

What is the video Event/Public Type of speech Type of speech

all about situation of the according to according to
speech purpose delivery
1.
2.
3.

Note: If videos could not be played, transcripts of the videos’ speech are provided in the attachment.

H. Evaluation

Direction: Identify whether the given statements are TRUE or FALSE. If it is false,
pick out the word/s that make/s the sentence false.
1. Lectures of teachers are example of an entertainment type of speech according
to purpose.
2. Extemporaneous type of speech according to delivery requires a great deal of
preparation for both the verbal and the nonverbal components of the speech.
3. Manuscript is a presentation of a short message without advance preparation
4. Memorized speech is the rote recitation of a written message that the speaker
has committed to memory
5. An informative speech provides the audience with a clear understanding of a
concept or idea.

I. Agreement/Assessment

Direction: Give two examples of event/speaking situations of the following type of

speech according to purpose.
1. Informative
2. Entertainment
3. Persuasive

Remarks

Reflection
Prepared by:

CHERRY ANNE B. DAHIROC

Subject Teacher

Attachments

D. Discussion/Abstraction

TOPIC 1: Types of Speech according to PURPOSE and DELIVERY

 Speech delivery
- is a matter of nonverbal communication
- is based on how you use your voice and body to convey the message
expressed by your words
 Types of Speech According to Purpose
1. An INFORMATIVE speech provides the audience with a clear
understanding of a concept or idea.
Example: lectures of your teachers
2. An ENTERTAINMENT speech amuses the audience.
Example: humorous speeches of comedians and performers
Types of Speech According to Delivery
1. Extemporaneous
• using notes rather than a full manuscript
Description • The extemporaneous speaker can establish and maintain eye contact
with the audience and assess how well they are understanding the speech
as it progresses.
Speaking Situations • When you are a candidate for a post in a student government and you
deliver your campaign speech before a voting public
• When you are assigned to report a topic in class
Advantages • promotes the likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived as
knowledgeable and credible
• Audience is likely to pay better attention to the message because it is
engaging both verbally and nonverbally.
Disadvantages • requires a great deal of preparation for both the verbal and the nonverbal
components of the speech.
Tips • Create an outline.
• Organize your points logically (most important to least important or vice
versa).
• Use facts and real-life experiences as your examples.
• Manage your time well.
• Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse

2. Impromptu
• presentation of a short message without advance preparation
Description • often occur when someone is asked to “say a few words” or give a toast
on a special occasion
Speaking Situations • informal, conversational settings
Advantages • spontaneous and responsive in an animated group context
Disadvantages • The speaker is given little or no time to contemplate the central theme of
his or her message.
• message may be disorganized and difficult for listeners to follow
Tips • Take a moment to collect your thoughts and plan the main point you
want to make.
• Thank the person for inviting you to speak.
• Deliver your message, making your main point as briefly as you can while
still covering it adequately and at a pace your listeners can follow.
• Thank the person again for the opportunity to speak.
• Stop talking.

3. Manuscript
Description • the word-for-word iteration of a written message
• The speaker maintains his or her attention on the printed page except
when using visual aids.
For Whom it is • Public figures
advantageous • Media personalities
• Spokespersons for government and private organizations
Speaking Situations • Newscasting with a Teleprompter or an autocue device
• Presenting the legal proceedings and verdict in court
• Reading the rules and criteria in a contest
Advantages • Exact repetition of original words
Disadvantages • typically, an uninteresting way to present
• keeping one’s eyes glued to the script precludes eye contact with the
audience
Tips • Rehearse the speech over and over again until you sound natural.
• Observe accomplished news anchors and note how conversational they
sound when they deliver the news.
• Concentrate

4. Memorized

• the rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed
Description to memory
Speaking Situations • When you perform in a stage play
• When you deliver a declamation, oratorical, or literary piece
• When an actor or actress in a scene performs a script from memory
Advantages • enables the speaker to maintain eye contact with the audience
throughout the speech
• can move freely around the stage and use your hands to make gestures
Disadvantages • might end up speaking in a monotone or a sing-song repetitive delivery
pattern.
•might also present your speech in a rapid “machine-gun” style that fails to
emphasize the most important points
• if you lose your place and start trying to ad lib, the contrast in your style
of delivery will alert your audience that something is wrong
 • might forget what you are supposed to say
• might memorize the speech mechanically resulting in a very unnatural
delivery
• might focus on content resulting to groping for the right words and might
make you look uptight and stiff
Tips • Rehearse the speech over and over again until you sound natural and feel
confident.
• Observe how actors/actresses perform their script in a theater, television,
or movie scene.

Source: https://tinyurl.com/yanlzpp6

E. Exercises

Link: https://tinyurl.com/hptrezp

TRANSCRIPT: Hello, I’m Severn Suzuki speaking for ECO, The Environmental Children’s Organization. We are group of twelve and thirteen-year-olds
trying to make a difference. Vanessa Suttie, Morgan Geisler, Michelle Quigg and me. We’ve raised all the money to come here ourselves to come five thousand
miles to tell you adults you must change your ways. Coming up here today, I have no hidden agenda. I am fighting for my future. Losing my future is not like
losing an election or a few points on a stock market. I am here to speak for all generations to come. I am here to speak on behalf of the starving children around
the world whose cries go unheard. I am here to speak for the countless animals dying across this planet because they have nowhere left to go. I am afraid to go
out in the sun now because of the holes in our ozone. I am afraid to breathe the air because I don’t know what chemicals are in it. I used to go fishing in
Vancouver, my home with my dad until just a few years ago we found the fish full of cancers. And now we hear of animals and plants go extinct everyday…
vanishing forever.

In my life, I have dreamt of seeing the great herds of wild animals, jungles and rainforests full of birds and butterflies, but now I wonder if they will
even exist for my children to see. Did you have to worry of these little things when you were my age? All this is happening before our eyes and yet we act as if
we have all the time we want and all the solutions. I’m only a child and I don’t have all the solutions., but I want you to realize, neither do you! You don’t know
how to fix the holes in our ozone layer. You don’t know how to bring the salmon back up a dead stream. You don’t know how to bring back an animal now
extinct. And you can’t bring back the forests that once grew where there is now a desert. If you don’t know how to fix it, please stop breaking it!

Here, you may be delegates of your governments, business people, organizers, reporters or politicians but really you are mothers and fathers,
sisters and brothers, aunts and uncles, and all of you are someone’s child. I’m only a child yet I know we are all part of a family, five billion strong…in fact, 30
million species strong and borders and governments will never change that. I’m only a child yet I know we are all in this together and should act as one single
world towards one single goal. In my anger, I am not blind, and in my fear, I am not afraid of telling the world how I feel. In my country, we make so much waste,
we buy and throw away, buy and throw away, buy and throw away, and yet northern countries will not share with the needy. Even we have more than enough,
we are afraid to share. We are afraid to let go of some of our wealth. In Canada, we live the privileged life, with plenty of food, water and shelter…we have
watches, bicycles, computers and television sets. The list can go on for two days.

Two days ago, here in Brazil, we were shocked when we spent time with some children living on the streets. This is what one child told us, “I wish I
was rich…and if I were, I would give all the street children food, clothes, medicines, shelter and love and affection.” If a child on a street who has nothing, is
willing to share, why are we who have everything still so greedy? I can’t stop thinking that these are children my own age that it makes a tremendous difference
where you are born, that I could be one of those children living in the Favellas of Rio. I could be a child starving in Somalia…or victim of war in the Middle East
or a beggar in India. I’m only a child yet I know if all the money spent on war was spent on finding environmental answers, ending poverty and finding treaties,
what a wonderful place this earth would be!

At school, even in kindergarten, you teach us how to behave in the world. You teach us: to not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect
others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share – not be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the things you tell us not to do? Do not
forget why you’re attending these conferences, who you’re doing this for, we are your own children. You are deciding what kind of a world we are growing up in.
Parents should be able to comfort their children by saying “everything’s going to be alright” “It’s not the end of the world.” “And, we’re doing the best we can.”
But I don’t think you can say that to us anymore. Are we even on your list of priorities? My dad always says “You are what you do, not what you say.” Well, what
you do makes me cry at night. You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please make your actions reflect your words. Thank you.

G. Application

1. Link: https://tinyurl.com/yxgncq56

TRANSCRIPT: In a perfect Philippines, our people be educated. We’ll be able to compete internationally, we’ll be able to match with
Singapore on the level of education. We’ll be able to send our children not only to grad schools but also to brighter future. In a perfect
Philippines, we have a smart voting electorate. People would know the issues, people would have a greater understanding beyond you
2. https://tinyurl.com/y6aamsgs
TRANSCRIPT:

It’s your constant companion. It’s in your pocket, in your bag, in your hands or against your head. You use it at home, in
class, at the gym before you go to sleep at night, and first thing you wake up in the morning. I’m talking of course about your
cellphone.

According to my class survey, everyone in this room has a cellphone. And all of us use it dozens of times every day. But
what if your constant companion is dangerous. What if it’s hazardous to your health. Evidence is piling-up that long-term use of
cellphones can lead to tissue damage, tumors and even brain cancer. Even that there are well over 4 billion people worldwide using
cellphones, we’re looking at a problem of potentially staggering magnitude. According to Deborah Davis, epidemiologist and author
of the 2010 book ‘Disconnect’, the truth about cellphone radiation, we may be watching an epidemic in slow motion. I’ve never
thought much about the possible perils of cellphones before I saw CBS news report on the subject earlier this year. But doing
extensive research for this speech made me realize that cellphones do in fact pose a danger to our health. Now, don’t worry, I’m not
going to persuade you to abandon your constant companion. I still use mine in a regular basis, and I probably always will. But I do
hope to persuade you to make one simple change in the way you use your cellphone. A change that will protect your health and
could even make the difference between a long life and premature death. But first, let’s look more closely at the health risks pose by
cellphones.

Those risks stem from the fact that cellphones emit small amounts of radiation that over time can damage tissue. Every
time you use your cellphone, you expose yourself to that radiation. The amount is miniscule in comparison to that given off by x-ray
machines, about 1:1 billionth of the intensity. However, Ronald Herbermann of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute explains
that the problem with cellphone radiation is not how much is emitted at a single time. But how much we are exposed to with
repeated use day after day, year after year. It’s this long-term use of cellphones that has led researchers to warn about their danger.
In one study, for example, the World Health Organization tracked 10,000 cellphone users over the course of 10 years. As reported
in the New York Times on November 13 th 2010, the data in this study indicated that subjects who used a cellphone 10 or more years
doubled the risk of developing brain tumors. Other studies have reached the same conclusion. Perhaps most important is a 2007
study in the Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine that surveyed all the previous research on cellphone use, it found a
consistent pattern of increased risk for developing brain tumors among people who use cellphones for more than 10 years. Alan
Marx is one of those people. A 58-year-old real estate developer and father of 3, he talked on a cellphone an hour a day for 23
years. Two years ago, doctors found a golf ball-sized tumor in his brain. “There’s no question what caused it.”, he says, “It was my
cellphone.” And Alan Marx isn’t the only person to conclude that he’s sick because of his cellphone. And Gilman’s 2010 book
‘Zapped’ which deals at length with the health problems of cellphones, catalogs people who developed blinding headaches,
dizziness, circulatory problems, nausea, and cancer from the kind of radiation emitted by cellphones. Still not convinced about the
potential dangers posed by your constant companion? Take a look then inside the thick manual that comes with your phone. You’ll
see that all cellphone manufacturers warn against keeping the phone right next to your body. Apple for example, recommends
keeping the iPhone 5/8 inches away from your body. Makers of the BlackBerry recommend that you keep their phone a full inch
away. Cellphone manufacturers don’t publicize this information widely but they clearly recognize that their products are potentially
hazardous. So, what’s the solution? As I said earlier, it’s not to stop using cellphones altogether. I still use mine on a regular basis,
and I can’t imagine being without it. And I’m sure you can’t imagine being without yours. You can, however take seriously the risks
of cellphones and find a way to minimize those risks. Time and again, experts point out that the single most effective way to reduce
the risk is not to press your cellphone against your head while using it. Since the phone emits radiation, the closer you put it to your
head, the more radiation you expose yourself to. At the very least, you should hold the phone ½ an inch to one full inch away from
your ear, but ideally should get in the habit of not putting it up to your head at all. I now use my earbuds almost every time I use my
phone. Another option is to use your speakerphone. As with breaking any habit, changing the way you talk in your cellphone may be
slightly inconvenient at first, but will soon become second nature. You’ll be able to enjoy all the benefits of your constant companion
without suffering the fate of Allan Marx. If Marx had known the dangers of prolonged cellphone use, he would have done things a lot
differently. “I wouldn’t have held it to my head.”, he says, “I would have used the headset, I would have used the speakerphone, and
I would not have had the problems I had.

So, please get in the habit of keeping your cellphone away from your ear when talking, and encourage your friends and
family to do the same. Start today with your next phone call and continue every day in the future. We can avoid the slow-motion

3. https://tinyurl.com/y5n4tn3y
TRANSCRIPT: MIDDLE SCHOOL SPEAKER
Introduction to the Speaker:
Our second middle school speaker today is the seventh grader from Mary G Porter Traditional School. His
name is Saheed Surin.
Saheed’s future goal is to attend Medical School. He’ll major in Neurology. He also wants to balance that with
participating in exotic sports as a Nabi. He informed us that he chose this competition because of his interest in the topic
and because of the opportunity to enhance his speaking and leadership goals. Please welcome him to the stage.
Saheed:
Honorable judges, respected teachers, and my fellow Americans. With highest respect and great honor to one
of the greatest nonviolent leaders in world history, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
I’m starting my speech today with a little imagination. Let’s imagine just for a second that Dr. Martin Luther King
Jr. is alive today, by seeing today’s society the racial distrust among ourselves that we are carrying every day. The
bigotry, the hatred, the intolerance we are having today, Dr. King would not sit idle. He would say nothing but the same
words he spoke 50 years ago. The way he started his movement, he would do it again. He would not allow us to keep
our mouth shut. He would encourage us to take a clear side. He would make the same legendary statement that he
made on March 8, 1965. Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. These words define
the life span of our society. With this current distrust, our society is moving towards the dark days of history once again.
So, let us be loud and make the dreams of those waiting come true. Waiting for a time where the world is better than it is
now. Waiting for a time where the world changes from what it was back then. 50 years from Dr. King’s passing, and
we’re still fighting for the Black Lives Matter movement. Times like the Charlottesville events when a car plowed over
protesters, making a split in our nation once again. We hear Dylann Roof’s confronting words after shooting nine people
in a church. These are unthinkable events happening today. And according to Dr. King’s teachings, these are what
matter most in our society. Today, we don’t really have the choice, whether we be active or silent. If you really want our
world to change, then we must come together to make these things happen. As Dr. King once said, “We may have all
come on different ships but we’re in the same boat now.”
Well, it looks as though that boat is sinking and only together can we fix it. And if we want to live in modern civil
society, then we must learn to coexist with the path shown by Dr. King. Dr. King taught us to stick with love. He said
hate is too great a burden to bear. Deep love can replace the deep disappointment. He taught to forgive. He stated,
“Forgiveness is not an occasional act; it is a constant attitude.”
My fellow Americans and friends, like they used to say, “Nero fiddled while Rome burned.” Our America is
burning too, and we cannot just sit around and play the violin like King Nero. We must raise our voice for the equality of
race. We must be vocal against all injustices. We must protest discrimination of any kind. We need to follow the path of
Dr. King to keep our country from repeating history again.
Dr. King, we promise, we will not fail you in your cause. We promise, we will stop this racial discrimination.
We’ll walk through your path, so we will not be silent. The United States of America will stay united. Thank you.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII-Central Visayas
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BOHOL

WEEKLY LESSON PLAN in ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

(DepEd Order 42, s 2016)

Teachers Name: CHERRY ANNE B. DAHIROC Quarter: 2__

Subject and Grade Level: GRADE 11 ______ Week: 7 Day 2

Most General Objective: Employ various communicative strategies in different

Essential situations
Learning
Competency
- (MELC)
Specific Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to;
D. Knowledge: Identify situations where delivery skill will be challenged or
honed
E. Psychomotor: Distinguish how the types of speech differ in their
delivery and public speaking situations
F. Affective: Develop self-confidence in participating in the discussion
Content DELIVERY FOR DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

Learning  Division of Bohol Modules on Oral Communication- Week 7

Resources  Philippe John Fresnillo, Anne Richie Garcia Balgos. Oral Communication in
Context for Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc., 2016.
 Tara Taylor. 2016. “The Dangers of Cell Phones-Persuasive Speech.”
May 25, 2016. Video, 6:32. https://tinyurl.com/y6aamsgs
 TV, cellphone, copy of the video’s transcript
Procedures A. Preparation

● Opening Prayer.

● Setting the classroom environment (arranging the chairs, checking if the

classroom is clean and orderly).
● Ensuring a safe learning environment for everyone. Reminding of New
Normal classroom rules.
● Checking of attendance and uniform.

● Stating the objectives of the lesson.

B. Motivation

 Picture Analysis
C. Presentation
Analysis:
4. What are presented in the pictures?
5. Have you tried doing these kinds of activities/performances in school or in your
community? How does it feel? Why?
6. What were the strategies you have applied in your presentation to make it
successful?
D. Discussion/Abstraction

 Delivery for Different Situations

 Few situations where delivery skill will be simultaneously challenged and honed
- Run or be nominated for a school or local government office, so a room-to-
room and public campaign speech is required
- Be invited to welcome a visitor in your school or community, so an opening
or welcoming remark is necessary
- Be asked to represent your school or community in a literary contest

 Most common challenges in different speaking environments

- Speaking to a specific audience size
- Speaking in an open-air venue or outside a building
- Speaking in different venues
- Speaking with a microphone
- Speaking with a podium or lectern

E. Exercises

Direction: Let us watch and listen again to one of the videos presented yesterday and
answer the given questions.
Link: https://tinyurl.com/y6aamsgs

1. What do you think is the event/public situation of the speech made?

2. What can you say about her delivery? Did you observe any challenges that she
encountered? Why do you say so?
3. If you are in the situation, how are you going to deal with it?

F. Generalization

 Some common few situations in which our delivery skill will be challenged or
honed are…
 These are the tips on how to deal with the most common challenges in different
speaking environments…

G. Application

Direction: In the table below, provide correct information about their differences
according to how they will be delivered and to what public speaking situations
are they used.
 TYPES OF SPEECH DELIVERY
How to deliver Public Speaking Situations
1. 1.
Extemporaneous Speech 2. 2.
1. 1.
Impromptu Speech 2. 2.
1. 1.
Manuscript Speech 2. 2.
1. 1.
Memorized Speech 2. 2.

H. Evaluation

Direction: Answer the following.

6. Differentiate manuscript and memorized speech?
7. Give two examples of tips in delivering impromptu speech.
8. What is an extemporaneous speech?
9. Give two examples of speaking situations of a manuscript speech.
10. What is the advantage of a manuscript speech?

I. Agreement/Assessment

Direction: Give three examples of relevant topics for writing a speech.

Remarks

Reflection

Prepared by:

CHERRY ANNE B. DAHIROC

Subject Teacher

Attachments

D. Discussion/Abstraction
TOPIC 2: DELIVERY for DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

 Few situations where delivery skill will be simultaneously challenged and honed:
- Run or be nominated for a school or local government office, so a room-to-room
and public campaign speech is required
- Be invited to welcome a visitor in your school or community, so an opening or
welcoming remark is necessary
- Be asked to represent your school or community in a literary contest

 Most common challenges in different speaking environments:

1. Speaking to a specific audience size

Description • Audience size depends on the venue size.

Advantages • You can determine your approach with your audience: more
intimate and personal for a smaller size; more formal for a larger
size.
Disadvantages • This can be challenging and intimidating.
Tips • Ask the organizers about the estimated number of the audience
so you can adjust your delivery.
• Practice, practice, practice.

2. Speaking in an open-air venue or outside a building

 Description • Examples are open courts or grounds, football fields, farms, etc.
Advantages • You will feel more relaxed due to the atmosphere of the venue.
Disadvantages • You will encounter a lot of communication barriers such as
noise, inattentive audiences, discomfort, challenging weather,
possible absence of technology such as audio-visual equipment,
etc.
• You might be forced to make adjustments, especially in voice
projection.
Tips • Check the venue prior to your speaking engagement.
• Ask the organizers about the availability of equipment.
• Challenge yourself on how you can get and maintain the
attention of your audience.
• Use the outdoor setting or venue to your advantage as a way of
jumpstarting your speech or as an example to support your main
point.
• Practice, practice, practice.

3. Speaking in different venues

Description • Speaking venues that vary according to size: classroom, meeting

or conference room, ball room, social hall, auditorium, covered
court, open court, etc.
Advantages • You will be exposed to different venues, which will add to your
public speaking experience.
Disadvantages • You will have to make big adjustments in terms of your
nonverbal cues: volume of voice, body language, facial expression,
etc.
Tips • Check the venue days before your scheduled speech and arrive
hours earlier in the venue, so you can determine the adjustments
to make.
• For a large venue, speak more slowly, use pauses frequently to
highlight the most important ideas of your speech, and make use
of facial expressions and gestures. When you use visual aids,
make them more visible.
• In a small venue, your audience will see you up close. Therefore,
manage your notes well when you use them and adjust your
nonverbal cues as necessary.

4. Speaking with a microphone

Description • Its main function is to increase the volume of your voice, not to
clarify the pronunciation and enunciation of words.
Advantages • With a microphone, you can easily get the attention of your
audience because of the loudness of your voice.
Disadvantages • Using a microphone can be challenging because there is a
tendency to underuse or overuse it.
Tips • Check the microphone if it functions well.
• Check your voice in the microphone to see whether you are
audible enough.
• In a small venue, you may not use a microphone, but you need
to manage your voice’s volume well.
• Practice, practice, practice.

5. Speaking with a podium or lectern

Description • A podium or lectern is a reading desk with a stand and a slanted

top.
Advantages • Notes can be placed on the slanted top, and will work best for
extemporaneous and manuscript speeches.
• The lectern can be used as a means to hide or cover nervousness
or stage fright.
Disadvantages • Some may have the tendency to hide their hands behind the
podium, which will not help them enhance their message.
Tips • Stand straight, as good posture exudes confidence.
• Avoid gripping the edges of the podium with both hands. Aside
from this, also avoid hiding them behind the podium.
• For extemporaneous and impromptu speakers, step to the side
occasionally once you have composed yourself, so you can
effectively use your gestures, make eye contact, and connect more
with your audience.
• Practice, practice, practice.

Note: Whatever speaking situation you are in, the most important thing is you MASTER YOUR
SPEECH. You can only do this by constantly CARRYING OUT THE RIGHT PRACTICES.
Source: Philippe John Fresnillo, Anne Richie Garcia Balgos. Oral Communication in Context for
Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc., 2016.
 E. Exercises
Link: https://tinyurl.com/y6aamsgs

TRANSCRIPT:

It’s your constant companion. It’s in your pocket, in your bag, in your hands or against your head. You use it at home, in class, at the gym before you go
to sleep at night, and first thing you wake up in the morning. I’m talking of course about your cellphone.

According to my class survey, everyone in this room has a cellphone. And all of us use it dozens of times every day. But what if your constant companion
is dangerous. What if it’s hazardous to your health. Evidence is piling-up that long-term use of cellphones can lead to tissue damage, tumors and even brain cancer.
Even that there are well over 4 billion people worldwide using cellphones, we’re looking at a problem of potentially staggering magnitude. According to Deborah
Davis, epidemiologist and author of the 2010 book ‘Disconnect’, the truth about cellphone radiation, we may be watching an epidemic in slow motion. I’ve never
thought much about the possible perils of cellphones before I saw CBS news report on the subject earlier this year. But doing extensive research for this speech
made me realize that cellphones do in fact pose a danger to our health. Now, don’t worry, I’m not going to persuade you to abandon your constant companion. I still
use mine in a regular basis, and I probably always will. But I do hope to persuade you to make one simple change in the way you use your cellphone. A change that
will protect your health and could even make the difference between a long life and premature death. But first, let’s look more closely at the health risks pose by
cellphones.

Those risks stem from the fact that cellphones emit small amounts of radiation that over time can damage tissue. Every time you use your cellphone, you
expose yourself to that radiation. The amount is miniscule in comparison to that given off by x-ray machines, about 1:1 billionth of the intensity. However, Ronald
Herbermann of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute explains that the problem with cellphone radiation is not how much is emitted at a single time. But how
much we are exposed to with repeated use day after day, year after year. It’s this long-term use of cellphones that has led researchers to warn about their danger.
In one study, for example, the World Health Organization tracked 10,000 cellphone users over the course of 10 years. As reported in the New York Times on
November 13th 2010, the data in this study indicated that subjects who used a cellphone 10 or more years doubled the risk of developing brain tumors. Other studies
have reached the same conclusion. Perhaps most important is a 2007 study in the Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine that surveyed all the previous
research on cellphone use, it found a consistent pattern of increased risk for developing brain tumors among people who use cellphones for more than 10 years.
Alan Marx is one of those people. A 58-year-old real estate developer and father of 3, he talked on a cellphone an hour a day for 23 years. Two years ago, doctors
found a golf ball-sized tumor in his brain. “There’s no question what caused it.”, he says, “It was my cellphone.” And Alan Marx isn’t the only person to conclude that
he’s sick because of his cellphone. And Gilman’s 2010 book ‘Zapped’ which deals at length with the health problems of cellphones, catalogs people who developed
blinding headaches, dizziness, circulatory problems, nausea, and cancer from the kind of radiation emitted by cellphones. Still not convinced about the potential
dangers posed by your constant companion? Take a look then inside the thick manual that comes with your phone. You’ll see that all cellphone manufacturers warn
against keeping the phone right next to your body. Apple for example, recommends keeping the iPhone 5/8 inches away from your body. Makers of the BlackBerry
recommend that you keep their phone a full inch away. Cellphone manufacturers don’t publicize this information widely but they clearly recognize that their products
are potentially hazardous. So, what’s the solution? As I said earlier, it’s not to stop using cellphones altogether. I still use mine on a regular basis, and I can’t
imagine being without it. And I’m sure you can’t imagine being without yours. You can, however take seriously the risks of cellphones and find a way to minimize
those risks. Time and again, experts point out that the single most effective way to reduce the risk is not to press your cellphone against your head while using it.
Since the phone emits radiation, the closer you put it to your head, the more radiation you expose yourself to. At the very least, you should hold the phone ½ an
inch to one full inch away from your ear, but ideally should get in the habit of not putting it up to your head at all. I now use my earbuds almost every time I use my
phone. Another option is to use your speakerphone. As with breaking any habit, changing the way you talk in your cellphone may be slightly inconvenient at first, but
will soon become second nature. You’ll be able to enjoy all the benefits of your constant companion without suffering the fate of Allan Marx. If Marx had known the
dangers of prolonged cellphone use, he would have done things a lot differently. “I wouldn’t have held it to my head.”, he says, “I would have used the headset, I
would have used the speakerphone, and I would not have had the problems I had.

So, please get in the habit of keeping your cellphone away from your ear when talking, and encourage your friends and family to do the same. Start
today with your next phone call and continue every day in the future. We can avoid the slow-motion epidemic that doctors and scientists are warning us about. As
long as we remember to keep this away from this.