Table of Contents

Introduction
Land Classification 7
Economy 7
Labor and Employment 7
Family Income and Expenditure 9
Demography 9
Climate 11
Disaster Risk 11
Climate Change and Hydrological Hazards 11
WSS Sector Status
Access to Safe Water 15
Drinking Water 15
Access to Sanitation 17
Water Resources
Surface Water 19
Groundwater 21
Water Use 21
Water Availability, Water Stress and Water Scarcity 21
Demand
Population Projection 22
Water Supply and Demand 22
Water Demand vs. Water Resources Potential 22
WSS Infrastructure
Water Service Providers 25
Water Districts 25
LGU-Run Water Utilities 25
BWSA 25
RWSA 25
Sanitation
Open Defecation 27
Wastewater and Domestic Biological Oxygen Demand 27
Water Quality 31
Waterborne Diseases 31
WSS Sector Gaps
Issues, Constraints and Challenges 32
Regional Vision 34
Strategic Framework 34
Access Targets for Water and Sanitation 36
Strategic Interventions 38
Physical Interventions 38
Nonphysical Interventions 39
Addressing the Gaps
Water Supply Investment Requirements 41
Physical Investments 41
Nonphysical Investments 41
Sanitation Investment Requirement 43
Physical Investments 43
Basic Sanitation Program 43
Septage Management Program 43
Sewerage Program 43
Nonphysical Investments 43
Proposed Projects and Programs 44
Identified Priority Projects (2019-2020) 51
Appendix
Appendix A: Provincial and HUC Profiles 52
 List of Tables Page
Table 1 Population per Province/HUC, 2015 9
Table 2 Urban and Rural Population per Province/HUC, 2015 9
Table 3 Seasonal Projections Under a Medium-Range Emission Scenario 11

Table 4 Frequency of Extreme Events in 2020 and 2050 Under a Medium-Range Emission Scenario 11

Table 5 National and Regional Access to Water Supply 15

Table 6 Access to Water Supply per Province/HUC 15

Table 7 National and Regional Access to Sanitation 17

Table 8 Access to Sanitation Facilities per Province/HUC 17

Table 9 River Basins in Northern Mindanao 19

Table 10 Aquifer Classes Based on MGB Aquifer Types 21

Table 11 Water Availability per Province 21

Table 12 Water Service Providers per Province 25

Table 13 Classification of Tributary Rivers 31

Table 14 Main Industries and Their Impacts on Water Quality of River Basins 31

Table 15 Hindering and Facilitating Factors 33

Table 16 Strategies in Achieving Increased Access to Potable Water 34

Table 17 Proposed Strategic Interventions for Water Supply 38

Table 18 Proposed Strategic Interventions for Sanitation 38

Table 19 Capital Investments Required to Achieve Water Supply Targets 39

Table 20 Institutional and Regulatory Reforms Required to Meet Water Supply and Sanitation Goals 39

Table 21 Indirect Costs Employed 41

Table 22 Total Investment Costs for Water Supply Sector 41

Table 23 Total Investment Costs for Sanitation Sector 43

List of Figures Page

Figure 1 GRDP Contributions per Sector, 2016 7
Figure 2 Labor Force Participation and Employment Rates 7
Figure 3 Distribution of Family Expenditure, 2015 9
Figure 4 Main Sources of Water Supply, 2015 15
Figure 5 Provincial Access to Safe Water 15
Figure 6 Percentage of Households with Access to Sanitation Facilities 17
Figure 7 Existing Septage Treatment Facility 17
Figure 8 Water Resources Potential and Annual Rainfall 19
Figure 9 Consumptive Water Use, 2017 21
Figure 10 Water Availability Map, 2015 21
Figure 11 Projected Population per Province 22
Figure 12 Projected Water Demand 22
Figure 13 Biological Oxygen Demand, 2015 27
Figure 14 Categories of Wastewater 27
Figure 15 Wastewater Produced, 2015 27
Figure 16 Waterless Municipalities 31
Figure 17 Northern Mindanao WSS Strategic Framework 35
Figure 18 Targeted Households with Access to Safe Water 36
Figure 19 Targeted Households with Access to Sanitation 36
Figure 20 Distribution of Investment Requirement per Province/HUC 44
Acronyms
AHFF Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishing
AIP Annual Investment Plan
AM Assistance to Municipalities
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
BWSA Barangay Water and Sanitation Association
CapEx Capital Expenditure
CBO Community-Based Organization
DA Department of Agriculture
DAO Department Administrative Order
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DILG Department of the Interior and Local Government
DJF December, January and February
DOH Department of Health
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
DTI Department of Trade and Industry
ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate
EMB Environmental Management Bureau
FA Financial Assistance
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FHSIS Field Health Services Information System
FIES Family Income and Expenditure Survey
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product
GVA Gross Value Added
HH Household
HUC Highly Urbanized City
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IP Indigenous People
IPRA Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act
IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
JJA June, July and August
LCE Local Chief Executive
LDP Local Development Plan
LFPR Labor Force Participation Rate
LGU Local Government Unit
LSSP Local Sustainable Sanitation Plan
LWSSP Local Water Supply and Sanitation Plan
LWUA Local Water Utilities Administration
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MAM March, April and May
MDG Millenium Development Goals
MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau
NAMRIA National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
NCR National Capital Region
NDRRMC National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
NEDA National Economic and Development Authority
NGO Nongovernment Organization
NRW Nonrevenue Water
NSSMP National Septage and Sewerage Master Plan
NWRB National Water Resources Board
O&M Operation and Management
OBS Observed Baseline
 OCD Office of Civil Defense
OD Open Defecation
PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
PAWD Philippine Association of Water Districts
PDP Philippine Development Plan
PEM Philippine Environment Monitor
PNSDW Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
PSA Philippine Statistics Authority
PSGC Philippine Standard Geographic Code
PWSSMP Philippine Water Supply and Sanitation Master Plan
RBCO River Basin Control Office
RDC Regional Development Council
RDP Regional Development Plan
ROW Right-of-Way
RWSA Rural Waterworks and Sanitation Association
RWS Rural Water System
SALINTUBIG Sagana at Ligtas na Tubig
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
SON September, October and November
STP Septage Treatment Plant
SWTP Surface Water Treatment Plant
TC Tropical Cyclone
TSS Total Suspended Solids
UN United Nations
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
WD Water District
WHO World Health Organization
WQMA Water Quality Management Area
WRR Water Resources Region
WSP Water Service Provider
WSS Water Supply and Sanitation
WSSPMO Water Supply and Sanitation Program Management Office
ZOD Zero Open Defecation

Units
% percent
°C degree Celsius
CY Calendar Year
km² square kilometer
km kilometer
lpcd liters per capita per day
lps liters per second
m³ cubic meter
MCM million cubic meters
mm millimeter
mg/L milligrams per liter
PhP Philippine peso
6
 Region X
Northern Mindanao
Introduction Northern
Mindanao
The Northern Mindanao Region
Region is situated in the
northcentral section of
Mindanao Island.
It is bounded on the north by the Mindanao Sea, on the
south by Regions XI (Southern Mindanao) and XII
(SOCCSKSARGEN), on the west by Western Mindanao,
and on the east by Region XIII (Caraga Region).
The region comprises five provinces namely, Bukidnon,
Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental and
Misamis Oriental. It has two highly urbanized cities
(HUCs): Cagayan de Oro City and Iligan City.
Figure 1: GRDP Contributions per Sector, 2016
With its strategic location, Northern Mindanao has a
competitively major advantage compared to all the other
regions in Mindanao. It is practically typhoon-free and
physically linked to the other regions in the island through Labor and Employment
a network of roads.
Region X maintains an impressive employment rate of
Moreover, it is the best jump-off point for trade with both 95.9%. About 63.6% of those employed are in the service
Luzon and the Visayas, and the international market as or industry sector while 36.4% work in the agriculture
well because of its deep-water harbor. sector.4
The region also hosts notably improved port facilities As of 2016, the labor force participation rate (LFPR) was
such as the Mindanao Container Terminal (MCT), the recorded at 67.2%. The slow increase in the labor force
only containerized port in Mindanao. It also boasts the can be attributed to the low labor market participation of
Laguindingan Airport, the first international airport in the women, unemployment of children and youths,
region, making it a major gateway to southern inadequate skills and competencies of the labor force,
Philippines. low labor productivity and the lack of employment
The region also has enormous agriculture potential opportunities.5
because of its vast tracts of agricultural land highly suited
for growing many crops, especially in Bukidnon and
Lanao del Norte.1

Land Classification
The region has a total land area of 20,496 square
kilometers (km2) representing around 7% of the country's
total land area and 21% of Mindanao. Approximately
53% of its land area is forestland, and 47% is alienable Figure 2: Labor Force Participation Rate
and disposable land.
About 46% of the land is allocated for crop production,
while the remaining 1% is classified as built-up areas and
settlements.2

Economy
The economy of Northern Mindanao is predominantly
services-based, contributing 42.9% to the region’s gross
regional domestic product (GRDP). The industry, and
1
agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing (AHFF) sectors National Economic and Development Authori-
ty, Region X, Regional Development Plan,
are its other major economic drivers. (see Figure 1)
2017-2022
2
The region’s domestic sales reached around PhP283 Ibid.
3
Philippine Statistics Authority, CountryStat
million in 2015. In terms of its share in the country’s Philippines, 2016
economy, it had the seventh biggest regional economy in 4
Ibid.
2015.3 5
National Economic and Development Authori-
ty, Region X, Regional Development Plan,
2017-2022

7
Population Density
PSA, 2015 Census

8
 Figure 3: Distribution of Family Expenditure, 20156

Family Income and Expenditure Demography

Northern Mindanao has approximately 1.03 million The region had a population of 4,677,259, which
households (HHs), with an estimated annual average accounted for 4.6% of the Philippine population in 2015.
income of PhP221,000 and an annual average Bukidnon had the largest population among the five
expenditure of PhP161,000. provinces, and Camiguin had the smallest population.
All income classes in the region have average The region’s population growth from 2000 to 2015 was
expenditures lower than their average income. With recorded at 1.92% — higher than the national average of
family size as an indicator, a family of five has the largest 1.84%.
income-expenditure difference, while a single-person
The population density of the region averaged 230
household has the least income-expenditure difference.
persons per square kilometer in 2015. A large
This shows that the former has more savings compared
percentage of its population is concentrated in the cities
to other family sizes.
as well as along the coastal areas (as shown on the map
With respect to the disbursement patterns of the families on the left). Among local government units (LGUs),
in the region and across income levels, the Family Cagayan de Oro City had the highest density at 1,600
Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) conducted in persons/km2, about eight times larger than the regional
2015 revealed that food expenditure registered the figure.
highest among the major expenditure groups at 40.7%.
The average household size in the region is 4.5 persons.
Housing expenses followed at 10.5%, and expenses for
water, electricity, gas and other fuels were registered at The region is predominantly (59%) rural. But the HUCs of
7.7%. Figure 3 graphs the expenditure distribution Cagayan de Oro and Iligan have an urban population of
showing that most families spend more for their basic 93% and 83%, respectively.
needs.

Table 1: Population per Province/HUC, 2015 Table 2: Urban and Rural Population per Province/HUC, 20157

Population
2015 Land Area Density Region/Province/City Urban Population Rural Population
Region/Province/City
Population (km2) (Persons/
km2)
Northern Mindanao 41% 59%
Northern Mindanao 4,677,259 20,496 230
Bukidnon 42% 58%
Bukidnon 1,415,226 10,499 130
Camiguin 17% 83%
Camiguin 88,478 238 370
Lanao del Norte 11% 89%
Lanao del Norte 676,395 3,347 200
Misamis Occidental 15% 85%
Misamis Occidental 590,083 2,055 290
Misamis Oriental 27% 73%
Misamis Oriental 888,509 3,132 280
Cagayan de Oro City 93% 7%
Cagayan de Oro City 675,950 413 1,600
Iligan City 83% 17%
Iligan City 342,618 813 420

6
Philippine Statistics Authority, Family Income
and Expenditure Survey, 2015
7
Philippine Statistics Authority, Philippine Stand-
ard Geographic Code, 2015

9
Climate
PAGASA, 2015 Data

10
Climate Climate Change and
Northern Mindanao has two types of climate: Type III and Hydrological Hazards
Type IV. There are no definite dry and wet seasons, and
rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. The Philippines is at great risk of climate-related hazards,
such as TCs, floods, droughts and sea level rise. The
effects of observed changes in extreme events and severe
climate anomalies include increased occurrence of
Disaster Risk extreme rains causing: (a) floods and landslides; (b)
longer and more intense droughts which cause massive
According to the Regional Development Plan of Region
crop failures, water shortages and forest fires; and (c)
X, the geographical location, tectonic cut and
increased occurrence of TCs.
combination of volcanic features expose Northern
Mindanao to geological hazards. Global climate models, which were used to run two
possible scenarios (A1B and A2), were downscaled to
These hazards include volcanic eruption, earthquake,
calculate projected Philippine rainfall. Studies show a
and mass movement. Other local hazards include
general increase in rainfall for 2020, 2050 and beyond.
flooding, tsunami, landslides, erosion, subsidence and
The models, however, show higher variability in rainfall
salt intrusion.
with increased peak rainfall during the wet season and
The region’s poor flood control and drainage systems, longer dry conditions during the dry season. (Rainfall
and heavy siltation in rivers and creeks increase flood variability means changes in water supply dynamics
hazards, thus further making it vulnerable to various spatially and year-to-year.)
disasters. These were based on preliminary hazard
Water supply is highly vulnerable to changes in river flows
assessments conducted throughout the region from 2004
and the rate of replenishment of groundwater resources.
-2009 in 1,818 barangays (i.e., 90% of the region‘s 2,022
Lower river flows will result in water shortages. More
barangays).
intense rainfall events may not necessarily mean more
According to data released by the Office of Civil Defense groundwater recharge compared to rain that is more
and the National Disaster Risk Reduction and evenly spread throughout the year. Lower than average
Management Council (NDRRMC), a total of 132 disaster rainfall or longer pronounced dry days may affect soil
incidents affected a total of 1,100 families between 2010 porosity and vegetation, which could lead to reduced soil
and 2015. (No one, however, was affected by tropical infiltration rates. This means less groundwater recharge.
cyclones [TCs] in 2016.) Given this scenario, more water stress will likely be
experienced by 2020 and 2050.
The projected seasonal temperature increase, seasonal
rainfall change and frequency of extreme events
(temperatures higher than 35°C, days when rainfall is
more than 300 mm, and rainy days that outnumber dry
days) in Region X based on the Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA) downscaled climate projections are shown in
Tables 3 and 4. Four seasons are provided: December,
January and February (DJF); March, April and May
(MAM); June, July and August (JJA); and September,
October and November (SON). The projections were
added to the observed values in the past 30-year baseline
(1971-2000).

Table 3: Seasonal Projections Under a Medium-Range Emission Scenario

Seasonal Temperature Observed Baseline Change in 2020 Change in 2050

Increase (1971-2000) (2006-2035) (2036-2065)
(in °C) DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
Bukidnon 25.1 26.5 25.8 25.7 1 1.2 1.2 1 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.1
Lanao del Norte 24.4 25.5 25.4 25.2 1 1.1 1 1 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.9
Misamis Occidental 25.6 26.7 26.6 26.4 1 1.1 1.1 1 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.9
Misamis Oriental 25.4 26.8 26.9 26.9 1 1.2 1.2 1 1.9 2 2.4 2
Observed Baseline Change in 2020 Change in 2050
Seasonal Rainfall Change (1971-2000) (2006-2035) (2036-2065)
(in %)
DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
Bukidnon 329.7 335.6 653.8 559.5 2.9 -10.3 -4.4 -0.3 -5.1 -13 -9.7 -5.8
Lanao del Norte 337.5 350.3 662.5 621.1 9.6 -0.6 -2.2 6.9 2.5 -1.9 1.4 7.1
Misamis Occidental 392.1 323.4 633.1 728.3 9.1 1.4 -6.1 6.1 5.2 0.3 -5.1 4.6
Misamis Oriental 442.5 269 615.7 581.1 4.6 -10.4 -3.7 2.9 1.8 -17.8 -5.2 -0.1

Table 4: Frequency of Extreme Events in 2020 and 2050 Under a Medium-Range Emission Scenario
No. of Days w/
No. of Days w/ Tmax > 35C No. of Dry Days
Province Station Rainfall > 300 mm
OBS 2020 2050 OBS 2020 2050 OBS 2020 2050
Bukidnon Malaybalay 26 477 1441 6537 3977 4461 0 1 1
Lanao del Norte Dipolog 217 2155 4004 7481 5384 5470 0 5 2
Misamis Oriental Cagayan de 383 4539 6180 8251 6413 7060 0 2 0
Oro
Misamis Oriental Lumbia 106 2012 3759 6495 6290 6580 0 4 1

11
Contour Map
NAMRIA

12
Average Rainfall
PAGASA, 2015 Data

13
Access to Safe Drinking Water
PSA, 2015 Census

14
 WSS Sector Status
Access to Safe Water Table 6 shows safe water access in 2015 at the
provincial level.
Approximately 90% of Northern Mindanao’s
Table 6: Access to Water Supply per Province/HUC
population had access to safe water
sources 2015.8 Region/Province/City Access to Safe Water Supply

This figure translates to approximately 923,000 HHs. Northern Mindanao 94.45%

Approximately 47% of the population has Level III service Bukidnon 99.9%
connection at home, and 18% has Level II connection
Camiguin 100.0%
which the households share with the community. More
than 24% of the population has access to Level I service Lanao del Norte 48.1%
(safe sources). Misamis Occidental 98.0%
Safe sources of water under this category include tubed Misamis Oriental 96.0%
and/or piped deep/shallow wells (which users themselves
Cagayan de Oro City 100.0%
own or share with the community), and protected springs,
rivers, streams, etc. Iligan City 57.6%

The region’s access to safe water is on a par with the

national average of about 88%, with a discrepancy of
only about 2%. Regarding access per level of service,
Region X’s numbers do not differ significantly with the
national figures, having variances of around 2%-6%.
Level III access, in particular, is higher at 47.5% than the
national percentage (44.1%).

Table 5: National and Regional Access to Water Supply9

Level of Service National Region X

Level III 44.1% 47.5%
Level II 11.2% 17.8%
Level I (Safe Sources) 32.4% 24.3%
Subtotal (Safe 87.7% 89.6%
Sources)
Level I (Unsafe Sources) 12.3% 10.4%
Total 100.0% 100.0%

Figure 4 shows the percentage distribution of the region’s

various water sources.

Figure 5: Provincial Access to Safe Water

Drinking Water
In terms of access to safe drinking water, the Philippine
Statistics Authority (PSA) has released data up to the
municipal level based on the latest 2015 Census. The
classification of sources for drinking water is the same as
that for sources of safe water with the addition of bottled
water.
As of 2015, approximately 91% of Region X drank water
from sources considered “improved” and “safe”. About
15% drank bottled water — half the percentage of HHs
(31%) drinking from their own faucets.
Lanao del Norte has the lowest access to safe drinking
water at 85%, followed by Bukidnon at 89%. In contrast,
Camiguin’s households have the highest access to safe
drinking water: 100%.
Figure 4: Main Sources of Water Supply, 2015 The map on the left shows the extent of access to safe
8
drinking water at the municipal level. Philippine Statistics Authority, Family
Income and Expenditure Survey, 2015
9
Ibid.
10
Based on Region X provinces’ firsthand
data on access to safe water as gathered
during the regional planning and consul-
tation workshop

15
Access to Sanitation
Northern Mindanao Regional Planning and Consultation Workshop, 2017 Data

16
Access to Sanitation
The growth of Northern Mindanao’s economy was
principally driven by the flourishing business enterprises
in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan. This, in turn as
a matter of course, increased the demand for sanitation
services.

Approximately 80% of the region’s

population has access to improved
sanitation.
The 2015 FIES has reported that Northern Mindanao
posted figures higher than the national average in terms
of improved sanitation and lower figures with regard to
basic sanitation. (see Table 7)
At 1.52%, the region’s open defecation rate is slightly
more than a third of the national average. (The open Figure 6: Percentage of Households with Access to Sanitation Facilities
defecation rate is a proxy indicator for the lack of access
to toilet facilities.)
Figure 6 shows the percentage of households per type of
sanitation facilities. It represents the initial stages of the
Table 7: National and Regional Access to Sanitation11 sanitation ladder in the region.
Sanitation Coverage National Region X While one of the main objectives of the Philippine
Improved Sanitation 73.77% 80.08% Development Plan (PDP) is to achieve universal access
to sustainable sanitation by 2030, SDG 6.2 highlights the
Basic Sanitation 19.96% 15.09%
need to broaden the definition of sanitation access, that
Unimproved Sanitation 2.04% 3.31% is, to include safely managed and improved sanitation
Open Defecation 4.23% 1.52% through the treatment of wastewater or fecal sludge on-
site or off-site.
Total 100.0% 100.0%
Data on access to sanitation at the provincial level in
Northern Mindanao were gathered during the regional
According to the 2015 Annual Report of the Field Health consultation and planning workshop. The map on the left
Services Information System (FHSIS) of the Department shows the extent of access to sanitation of the provinces
of Health (DOH), Camiguin registers the highest access in the region.
to basic sanitation at 89.33% but which represents only
1.89% of the regional population. Bukidnon, which has Figure 7 shows the location of the only existing septage
the highest population base in the region, has the second treatment plant (STP) in Region X.
to the lowest access to basic sanitation at 72.28%.

Table 8: Access to Sanitation Facilities per Province/HUC12

HHs with Complete

HHs with
Region/Province/City Basic Sanitation
Sanitary Toilets
Facilities
Northern Mindanao 80.75% 61.85%
Bukidnon 72.28% 42.57%
Camiguin 89.33% 27.41%
Lanao del Norte 66.39% 51.76%
Misamis Occidental 83.75% 69.49%
Misamis Oriental 87.72% 67.63%
Cagayan de Oro City 93.65% 88.00%
Iligan City 75.23% 49.67%

The minor discrepancy between Tables 7 and 8

regarding totals and averages highlights the difficulty of
reconciling the definition of sanitation coverage under the
Millenium Development Goals (MDG) with a more
stratified and specific definition under the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG). Table 7 reflects the specifics
per the SDG’s definition. Table 8, on the other hand,
reflects the rates of access as defined under the MDG,
wherein the percentage of households with complete
basic sanitation facilities is a subset of those with sanitary
toilets.
Categorization of the facilities as per SDG definitions is
as follows: Figure 7: Existing Septage Treatment Facility

Improved Sanitation Water-sealed sewer septic tank (exclusive use)

Basic Sanitation Water-sealed sewer septic tank (shared)

Water-sealed other depository (exclusive use)
Water-sealed other depository (shared)
Closed Pit

Unimproved Sanitation Open Pit

11
Philippine Statistics Authority, Family Income
Open Defecation Other Means and Expenditure Survey, 2015
12
None Department of Health, FHSIS Annual Report
CY 2015 (Region X.doh.gov.ph)

17
Northern Mindanao Rivers and Tributaries
DENR, NWRB, NAMRIA

18
 Water Resources
Northern Mindanao ranks 2nd Table 9: River Basins in Northern Mindanao

Cagayan de Oro River Basin14

among all the administrative Area 1,379 km2
regions with the most water River Classification Class A

resources potential. Scope

Bukidnon Region X
The region’s water resources potential is estimated at Misamis Oriental Region X
16,859 million cubic meters (MCM)/year, accounting for Lanao del Norte Region X
11.55% of the country’s total.
Iligan City Region X
The water resources potential of an area is divided into Cagayan de Oro City Region X
groundwater and surface water. Groundwater in the
domestic, agricultural,
region is estimated at 1,172 MCM/year while surface Uses industrial, recreation, artisanal
water is estimated at 15,687 MCM/year. Annual rainfall in fishery, tourism and energy
the region averages 1,882 mm/year. Tagoloan River Basin15
These figures are based on the estimation of the Area 1,577 km2
potential of the country’s water resources regions (WRR) River Classification Class A
(see National Databook). The WRRs do not necessarily Scope
coincide with the boundaries of the administrative
Bukidnon Region X
regions. These hydrological boundaries are defined by
their physiographic features and homogeneity in climate. Misamis Oriental Region X
Uses agricultural and industrial
Region X straddles two WRRs. Bukidnon, Camiguin, Ranao (Agus) River Basin16
Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental are part of
Area 1,987 km2
WRR 10. Lanao del Norte is covered by WRR 12. (Four
other provinces in the Caraga Region form part of WRR River Classification Class C
10 namely, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Dinagat Scope
Islands and Surigao del Norte.) Lanao del Norte Region X
Lanao del Sur ARMM

Surface Water Cotabato City Region XII

domestic, municipal,
Northern Mindanao has three major river basins namely: agricultural, aquaculture,
Uses
the Cagayan de Oro River Basin, Tagoloan River Basin energy, industrial, recreation,
transportation and others
and Ranao River Basin. Table 9 shows a description and
the scope of each river basin.

Figure 8: Water Resources Potential and Annual Rainfall13

13
JICA Master Plan on Water Resources
Management in the Philippines, 1998;
NWRB; PAGASA Rainfall Data; FAO
14
River Basin Control Office, Cagayan de
Oro River Basin Master Plan, 2014
15
River Basin Control Office, Tagoloan
River Basin Master Plan, 2014
16
River Basin Control Office, Ranao
(Agus) River Basin Master Plan, 2014

19
Groundwater Availability
MGB

20
Table 10: Aquifer Classes Based on MGB Aquifer Types Water Availability, Water Stress,
Aquifer Class MGB Aquifer Type
Estimated
Yields and Water Scarcity
(boreholes
unless stated) Hydrologists typically assess scarcity by looking at the
Major Aquifer Intergranular: extensive Mostly 50-100 population-water equation. An area is experiencing water
(Highly and highly productive lps stress when annual water supplies drop below 1,700 m3
permeable) per person. When annual water supplies drop below
Fractured: fairly extensive 3-50 lps, spring
and productive (aquifers yields up to 1,000 m3 per person, the population faces water scarcity,
with high potential 1000 lps and below 500 m3 ‘absolute scarcity.’” (UN Water, n.d.)18
recharge)
Water availability per capita was computed by comparing
Minor Aquifer Intergranular: fairly About 20 lps
(Variably extensive and productive the region and provinces’ potential against the 2015
permeable) population (as shown in Table 11).
Intergranular: local and Mostly 2-20 lps
less productive Northern Mindanao’s per capita water availability is
Fractured: less extensive Well yields up above the threshold, i.e., more than 3,000 m3/year.
and productive to 3 lps
Non-aquifer Rocks with limited Yields mostly Table 11: Water Availability per Province
(Negligibly groundwater potential less than 1 lps
permeable) Region/Province Water Availability (m3/capita/year)
Rocks without any Yields mostly
significant known less than 1 lps Bukidnon 7,020
groundwater
Camiguin 2,545
Lanao del Norte 1,374
Groundwater Misamis Occidental 3,230
Groundwater conditions are controlled by geology, Misamis Oriental 2,144
topography, and the structure of the groundwater basin. Northern Mindanao 3,263
The structure of the groundwater basin consists of
distribution and hydrogeological conditions such as the
aquifer structure and aquicludes, the physical Figure 10 presents the computed figures to highlight the
characteristics of the formations as per transmissibility provinces’ level of water availability, stress, and scarcity.
and storage coefficient and chemical characteristics of
groundwater. These factors need to be defined in relation
to the possible development depth and overall
development potential.
The extent of groundwater availability in any given area
also depends on its surface area and the amount of
precipitation it receives. Furthermore, it is tied to
groundwater storage based on the type and class of
aquifer present in a study area (see Table 10).
Most parts of the region, especially Lanao del Norte, are
underlain by the major aquifer class. Its central part is
predominantly underlain by the minor aquifer class
(specifically the local and less productive kind). Its
southeastern part, on the other hand, is underlain by non-
aquiferous class that have limited groundwater potential.

Water Use
Water use in the region was estimated at 37,154 MCM
annually based on awarded water permits as of 2017.
Approximately 87% (or 32,355.38 MCM) is allocated for
power generation and is categorized under
nonconsumptive use. The remaining volume (i.e.,
4,798.94 MCM) is allocated for consumptive use (see
Figure 9).
The irrigation sector consumes the largest volume of
water among all sectors with a 65% allocation. The
industrial sector consumes 26% while the domestic
sector consumes only 5.7%.
Figure 10: Water Availability Map, 2015

17
National Water Resources Board’s list
of water permit grantees, 2017
18
Managing Water Report under Uncer-
tainty and Risk, UN World Water Devel-
opment Report 4 (Volume 1)

Figure 9: Consumptive Water Use, 201717

21
 Demand
Population Projection Water Demand vs. Water
Population projection is important in estimating the future Resources Potential
water and sanitation demand of a study area. It is a study
of a recorded pattern of past population growth to The water demand of the industrial, business and
establish future trends. domestic sectors in Northern Mindanao is expected to
significantly increase in the near future. The efficient use
Employing PSA’s 2010-based population projections and management of available water resources, therefore,
which were adjusted to conform with the actual 2015 must be ensured to promote universal access to stable
population, the region’s population is projected to reach and steady water supply.
6,803,320 by 2045.
Comparing the projected water demand (349 MCM/year)
to the water resources potential of the region (16,859
MCM/year), the availability of water far exceeds the
Water Supply and Demand projected water demand of the region up to 2045.
Water demand projection is fundamental to water supply It must be noted, however, that the projected water
feasibility studies and preliminary engineering design. It demand of the region does not include that of its
is also an important tool in the preparation of master agricultural sector, which consumes the largest volume of
plans, considering the future needs of a growing water among all industry sectors. What appears to be
population. Water demand projections are developed abundant may be less once the agriculture sector uses
based on the estimated projected population. its “share”. It is estimated that agriculture takes up about
75% to 80% of the total consumptive use of water in the
In general, the total water demand is equal to the sum of
the domestic, commercial, industrial, institutional, and country.
unaccounted-for water. Computation for water demand at Though there is no foreseeable water shortage in the
the household level, in particular, is primarily based on region in the coming years, it is necessary to efficiently
the degree of urbanization of a barangay. manage and use its water resources to control possible
demand shifts.
In projecting water demand, the units of consumption
used are 120 liters per capita per day (lpcd) for urban To fully make use of its groundwater and surface water
populations, and 60 lpcd for rural populations. In the NCR potential, however, the issue regarding mining activities
and other HUCs, 150 lpcd and 80 lpcd are used for urban in the region has to be immediately addressed.
and rural populations, respectively.
By 2022, 2030, and 2040, the total water demand of the
region would have reached 258 MCM/year, 299 MCM/
year, and 349 MCM/year, respectively.

Figure 11: Projected Population

Figure 12: Projected Water Demand

22
2015 Population 2040 Population Projection

2015 Water Demand 2040 Water Demand Projection

23
Water Districts and Areas Covered with Level III Service
LWUA, PAWD, NWRB Listahang Tubig, 2017 Data

24
 WSS Infrastructure
Water service providers Nevertheless, these data help economic experts and
engineers gain insights into the region’s situation in
(WSPs) of various relation to its existing water utilities.

management types serve Water Districts

There are 32 WDs in Northern Mindanao, 22 of which are
around 47% of Northern operational and 10 nonoperational. The total population
covered by these WDs is estimated at 2.06 million or
Mindanao.19 roughly 43.9% of the total population. Of this, only 1.27
million (or 61.72% of the service area) are covered.
These management types depend on the service areas
(urban and rural), the number of potential water Misamis Oriental has the largest population served by
connections, and the level of service given. these WDs — 721,258 users (69.44%). Camiguin has the
least number of users, i.e., 17,215 (44.44%).
For small urban towns and rural areas, community-based
organizations (CBOs) – which include rural waterworks
and sanitation associations (RWSA), barangay water and
LGU-Led Water Utilities
sanitation associations (BWSA), and water cooperatives There are 155 LGU-led water utilities in Northern
– operate supply systems offering services at Level II Mindanao covering only 34 LGUs — equivalent to
(and in some cases, Level I). As the area grows and 417,528 users or 8.90% of the population served.
becomes more urbanized or more densely populated, Lanao del Norte has the highest population served, i.e.,
water service providers mostly comprise water districts 144,925 users despite the fact that only 5 LGUs are
(WDs) and LGU-run utilities providing Level III service. included in these utilities’ service coverage.
Areas that do not have access to any formal level of
service rely on point sources, such as shallow and deep BWSA
wells. There are 332 BWSA utilities in Northern Mindanao
serving only 42 LGUs (with about 262,095 users) or
5.59% of the population served.
Water Service Providers
RWSA
The percentage of the population having access to or A total of 111 RWSA utilities in Northern Mindanao serve
being served by these WSPs is not in accord with the 13 LGUs, i.e., 103,180 users or 2.20% of the total
figures in PSA’s 2015 FIES mainly because the former population. Camiguin is not covered by any RWSA utility.
came from various sources20, with the bulk of the data
coming from the National Water Resources Board’s The map on the left shows the location of operational and
(NWRB) Listahang Tubig. nonoperational WDs in the region as well as barangays
provided with Level III water service by various WSPs
Furthermore, it cannot be ascertained that all WSPs in (except WDs).
the region have already registered under Listahang Tubig
or are continually updating their operations data.

Table 12: Water Service Providers per Province

No. of Population Served

Region/Province Type & No. of WSPs Service Area
LGUs Total %
WD 4 114,203 143,296 125.47%
LGU-led 35 95,093 15.79%
Misamis Occidental 17 BWSA 85 55,605 9.23%
RWSA 46 25,925 4.31%
Others (coop/private/etc.) 219 60,745 10.09%
Subtotal 389 602,126 380,664 63.22%
WD 9 676,488 316,492 46.78%
LGU-led 74 136,055 9.61%
Bukidnon 22 BWSA 187 177,635 12.55%
RWSA 35 41,515 2.93%
Others (coop/private/etc.) 46 37,390 2.64%
Subtotal 351 1,415,226 709,087 50.10%
WD 10 191,785 73,038 38.08%
LGU-led 14 144,925 14.22%
Lanao del Norte 23 BWSA 51 22,260 2.18%
RWSA 0 0 0.00%
Others (coop/private/etc.) 123 36,050 3.54%
Subtotal 198 1,019,013 276,273 27.11%
WD 8 1,038,623 721,258 69.44%
LGU-led 25 30,580 1.95%
Misamis Oriental 26 BWSA 6 4,185 0.27%
RWSA 30 35,740 2.28%
Others (coop/private/etc.) 6 6,244 0.40%
Subtotal 75 1,564,459 798,007 51.00%
WD 1 38,735 17,215 44.44%
LGU-led 7 10,875 12.29%
Camiguin 5 BWSA 3 2,410 2.72%
RWSA 0 0 0.00%
Others (coop/private/etc.) 4 25,090 28.36%
Subtotal 15 88,478 55,590 62.83% 19
Based on registered WSPs in Lista-
WD 32 2,059,834 1,271,299 61.72% hang Tubig (as of 2017)
LGU-led 155 417,528 8.90% 20
Local Water Utilities Administration
Northern Mindanao 93 BWSA 332 262,095 5.59% (LWUA), PAWD, NWRB Listahang Tubig
RWSA 111 103,180 2.20%
Others (coop/private/etc.) 398 165,519 3.53%
Grand Total 1,028 4,689,302 2,219,621 47.33% 25
 Open Defecation
PSA, 2015 Data

26
 Sanitation
Sanitation is the provision of facilities and services for the Industrial and agricultural wastewater generation may be
safe management and disposal of human waste. Without estimated using guidelines provided by the WHO Rapid
sanitation, water quality degrades, health is compromised Assessment of Sources of Air, Water, and Land Pollution.
and the environment is adversely affected. Estimations, however, heavily depend on sectoral data
not currently available to the Consulting Team.
This section discusses the link between growing water
demand and its detrimental effects on water quality and Industrial wastewater generated is computed by industry
public health. type and depends on the present and future annual
volume of production output per type. Agricultural
wastewater generation and BOD estimation, on the other
Open Defecation hand, are based on the present and future annual
number of heads of livestock and poultry produced.
As defined by the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for
Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene of the World
Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations
Children’s Fund (UNICEF), open defecation is the
practice whereby people go out into the fields, bushes,
forests, open bodies of water, or other open spaces
rather than use the toilet to defecate. This can pollute the
environment and cause various health-related problems.
Northern Mindanao has the sixth lowest open defecation
rate among all regions. Approximately 71,277 people
were reported practicing open defecation as of 2015.
This figure is attributed to the large number of informal
settlers along the coastlines and waterless areas which
do not have access to sanitation facilities.
The map on the left shows the areas in the region where
open defecation is most prevalent.

Figure 14: Categories of Wastewater

Wastewater and Domestic
In the absence of other data, only domestic BOD can be
Biological Oxygen Demand estimated. A BOD factor of 37 grams per person per day
(unit pollution load) is assumed; for highly urbanized
A measure of the organic strength of wastes in water is areas, 53 grams21 per person per day is used.
biological oxygen demand (BOD), which is the rate at
which organisms use the oxygen in water or wastewater The wastewater22 produced by each province is directly
while stabilizing decomposable organic matter under proportional to its water demand as well as its population.
aerobic conditions. The greater the BOD, the greater the It is assumed that wastewater generated is 80% of the
degree of organic pollution. total water demand. The current wastewater in the region
is shown in Figure 15.
The map below shows the current BOD in Northern
Mindanao. BOD and wastewater projections until 2040 are shown in
the succeeding pages.

21
Philippine Environment Monitor (PEM),
2003
22
Figure 13: Biological Oxygen Demand, 2015 Ibid.
Figure 15: Wastewater Produced, 2015

27
BOD Projection, 2020 BOD Projection, 2025

BOD Projection, 2030 BOD Projection, 2040

28
Wastewater Wastewater
Projection, 2020 Projection, 2025

Wastewater Wastewater
Projection, 2030 Projection, 2040

29
Areas with Water Quality Problems
Water Districts’ Water Quality Monitoring Data, LWUA, 2015

30
Water Quality Waterborne Diseases
Water quality measures how good water is in terms of its Waterborne diseases are generally transmitted through
beneficial use and environmental value. It is water water in which pathogenic microorganisms live. These
relative to its use and measured in terms of its physical, diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, or
chemical, biological and radiological characteristics. It is drinking water, or by eating food exposed to
most frequently used in reference to a set of standards contaminated water23.
against which compliance can be assessed.
The lack of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities
As discussed earlier in “Water Resources”, Region X has that compels grassroots communities to content
three major river basins. Table 13 below shows the list of themselves with poor hygiene contributes significantly to
tributary rivers of the river basins with their corresponding waterborne diseases.
classifications.
Approximately 2,818 cases of acute watery diarrhea, 277
cases of schistosomiasis, and 323 cases of typhoid and
Table 13: Classification of Tributary Rivers paratyphoid were reported in Region X in 2015,
according to the 2015 FHSIS.
River Class
Longobon Falls A These numbers indicate that many people in the region
Kalawaig A still have no access to safe drinking water and sanitation
Cagayan de Oro River Basin Bubunaoan A facilities.
Tumalaong A
Cagayan A As of 2017, the Department of the Interior and Local
Dila - Government (DILG) reported 11 waterless24
Alulum - municipalities in Northern Mindanao (see Figure 16).
Mangima -
Tagoloan River Basin Amusig - Residents in these areas have limited access to safe
Siloo - (drinking) water, and thus, are forced to resort to unsafe
Malitbog A sources of water. Doing so increases their exposure to a
Titian - host of waterborne diseases.
Lake Lanao A
Ramain -
Ranao (Agus) River Basin Taraka -
Gata -
Malaig -

The rapid increase in population, urbanization and

industrialization has significantly degraded the river
basins in Region X. The sources of pollutants discharged
into these bodies of water are listed in Table 14.
Open defecation, improper solid waste management,
indiscriminate farming practices (such as kaingin), and
small-scale mining have contributed to the decline of the
quality of water of the region’s river basins and their
tributaries from which water is drawn to meet its water
demand.
Wastewater projection maps (as shown in the preceding
pages) indicate that most cities and growing
municipalities have higher water demand compared to
the other areas in the region. These areas are more
exposed to problems related to water quality and health,
among them waterborne diseases.
The map on the left shows the areas whose water
sources have exhibited signs of poor water quality. The
data are based on the water quality reports submitted by
WDs to the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA).
Data on water supply sources that are not covered or
owned by WDs are not reflected on this map.

Figure 16: Waterless Municipalities

Table 14: Main Industries and their Impacts on Water Quality of the River Basins

Source/Cause of Decline in Water Quality Impact/Potential Waste Generated

Industrial

Unregulated small-scale mining activities Increase in heavy metals in water, poor water quality

Quarrying activities Sedimentation and landslides

Agricultural
Intense mono-cropping and illegal expansion of pineapple and
Increased nitrate and phosphate levels from non-point sources
banana plantations
Logging of timber for fuel; slash-and-burn farming Increased Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and dwindling forest cover

Domestic Wastewater
23
World Health Organization
24
Absence of a domestic wastewater collection system Increased BOD Municipalities with less than 50% ser-
vice coverage, National Anti-Poverty
Absence of septic tanks Increased total coliform and fecal coliform Commission, 2010

Open defecation Increased incidence of waterborne diseases

31
 WSS Sector Gaps
In assessing the current state of the WSS sector in Service Provision
Northern Mindanao, areas that require upgraded
The delivery of WSS services in Region X is flawed in a
facilities, improved WSS systems as well as regular and
number of ways. Existing water and sanitation facilities
extensive monitoring protocols were brainstormed and
are not only inadequate — they are also antiquated and
identified at the regional consultation and planning
in need of constant repair. The list of inadequacies also
workshop.
include: a shortage of treatment plants; lack of water
quality testing facilities in far-flung areas; limited waste
disposal/desludging facilities; and lack of rural sanitary
Issues, Constraints and inspectors.

Challenges Apart from poor governance issues such as the failure to

support the WSS sector with development funds,
The workshop on WSS in Region X produced a clear misplaced prioritization, lack of political will, among many
picture of realities on the ground, based on personal other things, the real problems are rooted in economics,
experiences, local knowledge and insights shared by key specifically the bottom line of the water service business.
stakeholders and resource persons from the academe,
nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and other In Region X, water concessionaires’ profitability has been
concerned institutions. adversely affected by existing low tariffs. The refusal of
consumers to pay the “right” price for better service has
The planning workshop attended by provincial officials in been a perennial deal breaker. The situation is now so
Region X and representatives of regional line agencies bad that consumers, unsure about the quality of water
identified certain “hindering and facilitating factors” and being provided by their respective WDs, have started
classified specific issues, constraints, and challenges sourcing their drinking water from water refilling stations.
confronting the WSS sector in three areas of concern:
(a) Planning and Development, (b) Service Provision, On top of immediately addressing the issues that prevent
and (c) Regulation. water concessionaires from pouring additional
investments in facilities upgrade and service area
The workshop also discussed cross-cutting areas such expansion, LCEs are urged to fill the void and connect
as policy and institutional development, leadership, the missing links in the chain of governance, leadership,
matters pertaining to cultural traditions/behaviors/ quality of service, financial and human resource
attitudes, and capacity building. investments, networking and priority setting.

Planning and Development Regulation

Planning is commonly defined as “a strategic process to Among the many factors blamed for the sorry state of
achieve developmental objectives.” In a broad sense, it is water and sanitation in Region X, government’s failure to
a fundamental management undertaking that requires regulate the sector’s essential functions tops the list; and
“logical thinking, rational decision-making and total
it is a failure that comes in many forms. Among the most
dependence on reliable data and factual information.”
glaring manifestations thereof include: failure to exercise
The development of the WSS sector in Northern effective supervision of the operation of water
Mindanao is being bogged down by the concerned LGUs’ concessionaires; tolerance of a fragmented regulatory
inability to come up with comprehensive, fact-based and framework; negligence in requiring accredited desludgers
results-oriented plans with clear implementation to put up proper waste disposal facilities; and failure to
strategies and well-defined goals. enforce water and sanitation laws (e.g., non-imposition of
penalties on owners of piggeries regarding the disposal
This weakness, in a collective view, stems from the
of piggery waste into water resources).
failure of LGUs to activate a robust, fully functioning
mechanism for efficient data collection, processing, In the case of Uydungan River, a water resource, the
archiving and information-sharing. Making things worse is high concentration of inorganic contaminants remains a
the dearth of technical expertise and resources badly serious public health threat. The same sewage problem
needed to drive the gathering of scientific data, afflicts Camiguin, a tourist destination, and Cagayan de
compilation of useful background materials and intelligent Oro City, a HUC.
analysis of applicable concepts and ideas.
Facilitating measures recommended to improve the
It is little wonder, then, that LCEs do not regard the regulatory capability of the LGUs include: harmonization
preparation of development plans a priority — a fact of fragmented regulatory frameworks; putting up more
made more pronounced by the failure of some LGUs to water testing laboratories; fast-tracking the establishment
come up with even the most basic and rudimentary water of waste treatment facilities; crafting of enabling
safety and sanitation plans. Other poor governance ordinances; hiring of more sanitary inspectors; and strict
issues include lack of political will, red tape, and self- compliance with existing municipal/city water supply,
serving political intervention. sanitation, sewerage sector plans (M/C W4SP).
Remedial measures include: enhancement of LGU Table 15 summarizes the hindering and facilitating
planning capability through investment in computerized factors impacting the WSS sector in Region X.
data collection, analysis, storage and retrieval; in-house
technical capacity upgrade through training and other
skills improvement programs; hiring of WSS consultants;
and partnership with academic institutions, scientific
communities, donor agencies and non-government
organizations.
In the immediate term, the following issues that must be
on the front burner of LGUs’ planning development
calendar include: disaster risk reduction and
management (especially in the light of climate change
challenges); water resources conservation through
reforestation (with the National Greening Program as a
guide; putting up of rainwater catchments in the uplands
to minimize downstream flooding; development of water
safety and sanitation plans; and the creation of a local
32 water board.
Table 15: Hindering and Facilitating Factors
Areas Hindering Factors Facilitating Factors
Lack of IEC materials and other information on water and sanitation Implementation of the Listahang Tubig Program
Establishing linkages with national lead agencies re: capacity building,
Absence of a local water board
tapping of resources
No priority given to WSS in development plans by LCEs Creation of a local water board
Red tape governing the submission of WSS project proposals Hiring of consultants
Planning and Subsidy programs
Development
Absence of water safety plans in some LGUs Establishing linkages with donor agencies re: capacity building, equipment
Limited technical knowledge Creation of a Water Quality Management Area
Lack of awareness of the importance of a planning framework Political will
Limited funds for planning
Absence of WSS consultants
Climate change and adverse weather conditions or calamities which affect
Formulation of a functional water safety plan
water sources and facilities
Inadequate funds for rehabilitation/expansion of water systems Water supply assistance programs or grants from external organizations
Lack of water treatment plants Water quality monitoring (regular water treatment)
Water and sanitation programs aimed at improving the quality of water
Lack of water testing laboratories in far-flung areas
supplied by WDs
Service Lack of priority given to sanitation by some LCEs resulting in the absence
Setting up accredited laboratories for water quality monitoring
Provision of a workable sanitation program
Lack of rural sanitary inspectors who can monitor the water and sanitation Promoting and expanding the coverage of the zero open defecation (ZOD)
situation program
Absence of proper disposal facilities among desludgers Strong political will to implement ZOD
Absence of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks, gloves,
Provision of toilet bowls from DOH and LGUs
boots, etc.
IEC campaigns on proper sanitation (ZOD, hygiene, hand washing)
Willful prior informed consent (cultural observance) and lengthy
procedures governing the issuance of Environmental Compliance Monitoring and evaluation of compliance with sanitation standards
Certificates (ECCs)
Right-of-way processing delays Review and approval of tariff proposals
Regulation
Strict implementation of laws and regulations and sanctions, and grant of
Giving political favors; political intervention
incentives
Strong support from LGUs thru public hearings and subsequent drafting and
Lengthy due process of law
passing of local legislation
Conflict between the mayor and the governor in the appointment of Board Compliance with existing laws such as: RA 1378, RA 9275, PD 198 as
of Directors of WDs amended and RA 9003
Policy and Conflict between WDs and LGUs on WD management and operations Strong WD organizations such PAWD and MAWD
Institutional Problem in water rights application vis-a-vis IPRA of 1997
Development Circularization of COA rules and regulations re: uniform interpretation and
implementation
Lack of coordination between WDs and concerned government agencies
WASH not prioritized by the NDRRMC Executing water quality management mechanisms (e.g., WQMA, RBMC)
Fragmented regulatory framework Enforcing and showing LGU best practices on WSS
Lack of national government commitment to adhere to SDG, MDG Compliance with existing ordinances related to water and sanitation
Strict compliance with existing municipal/city water supply, sanitation,
BWSA affected by political maneuvers
sewerage sector plans (M/C W4SP)
Absence of a single body/agency addressing water and sanitation issues/
Enforcement of national laws, regulations and guidelines
concerns
Technical assistance in the formulation of the 10-year Solid Waste
Water conservation and sanitation not a priority among LGUs Management Plan and financial assistance in the construction of material
recovery facilities
Leadership and Lack of political will of the LGU managers in implementing the water
DPWH NSSMP grant
Politics service code
Availability of funding support for watershed management (e.g., DOE ER 1-
Lack of political will to improve sanitation
94)
No allocation given to the maintenance of Level I (point source) water
systems
Lack of a synchronized information and monitoring system re: actual
access and coverage of WSS services
Lack of close/strict monitoring of compliance with the existing building and
green building code
Population increase and migration brought about by urbanization
Possible change in leadership in LGUs every 3 years
Appointment of unqualified personnel Employee validation through a system of rewards and incentives
Lack of political support to improve the management of water utilities Appointing only qualified and competent managers
Matters Political intervention in systems operation Formulation of a water safety plan re: water pricing
Concerning Electing committed, honest, and transparent leaders in spite of lack of
Cultural Political and local leaders who act out of self-interest
support
Practices,
Behaviors and Very low employee morale Commitment of qualified, competent employees
Attitudes Adherence to policies despite political intervention
Continuing professional education from concerned government agencies
Private-public partnerships (PPP) re: systems upgrade
Lack of sustainability pertaining to capacity building programs Various capacity building activities for LGUs related to water management
Lack of personnel training in water management/conservation and
Operation and management of WS facilities managed by LGUs or BWSA
sanitation
Lack of IEC activities on the importance of sanitation and on raising the
Water safety plan
awareness level of sanitation management in rural communities
MW4SP (Ps preparation, DED preparation, project supervision, fund
Improper water conservation in households
management)
Capacity Different interpretations of definitions of terms during the workshop and in
Skilled WQMA monitoring personnel
Building training sessions
Reshuffling/reassignment of trained technical personnel Technical and financial assistance from ODA
Sanitation component not emphasized in WSS projects Hiring of qualified personnel and efficient management of WDs
BWSA affected by political maneuvers Adequate budget allocated for CapDev (ODA, GAA, academe)
Lack of political will of the LGU managers in enforcing the water service Training programs from EMB on: NSSMP, 10-year water quality
code management plan
Training on WSS given by academic institutions, e.g., state universities and
colleges (SUCs)

33
 Regional Vision Strategic Framework
The creation of the strategic framework begins with the
determination of the issues, constraints and challenges of
“By 2040, Region X is a happy, healthy, safe the water supply and sanitation sector. The diagram on
and progressive community through the right shows specific highlights and contrasts,
pertaining to areas displaying best practices and those
sustained watershed management, needing improvement.
adequate and affordable supply of potable
The figure shows strategic priorities for Northern
water and efficient sanitation management
Mindanao highlighting the provinces’ individual plans.
system.” Priority areas include health and research, water
exploration, septage management, alliance building,
capacity building, project development and politics.
The Northern Mindanao WSS vision was crafted by the
These priorities have been observed to be the major
visioning group with the goal of achieving universal and
areas of concern in relation to the provincial plans (as
equitable access to safe and affordable water supply and
discussed in “Issues, Constraints and Challenges”).
sanitation by 2040. In essence, it articulated the
outcomes and targets the sector wants to achieve without Corresponding strategies were formulated to translate
losing sight of the challenges that lie ahead, especially the regional vision into specific approaches to get the
those related to sufficiency, accessibility, affordability, best results and achieve the region’s WSS targets. These
governance and sustainability. are the region’s general approaches applicable to urban
and rural contexts of ensuring access to safe water and
In keeping with this vision, key strategies and
sanitation.
corresponding success indicators contributing towards
the achievement of the overall sector vision were A more detailed discussion with respect to achieving
adopted, and key projects and programs were identified, increased access to potable water considering the
including WSS targets which will adhere to the national various segments comprising the water utilities
WSS targets that are in accord with the PDP and SDGs. (categorized as undeveloped/underdeveloped,
developing and developed) is shown in Table 16.

Table 16: Strategies in Achieving Increased Access to Potable Water

Segment Target Strategic Statement

Undeveloped/Underdeveloped
Level I Zero waterless barangays Government investment in the development of water supply
systems (WSS) to upgrade unsafe sources to safe sources
Reduction to 5% of unsafe sources of
water supply (2022) and universal Promoting water harvesting in far-flung areas
access to safe water (2030)

Level II Upgrade of Level II systems to Level Establishing WDs or LGU-led water utilities that can oper-
III ate commercially

Upgrading Level II systems to Level III

Creation of a body that provides technical and financial

assistance to barangay water associations and rural water-
works to upgrade their level of service

Developing
Water Districts Zero nonoperational WDs Prioritizing conversion of nonoperational to operational
(Categories C and D) WDs

Assisting low performing WDs in rehabilitation and expan-

sion works

Providing a window for low cost funds that can be accessed

by low performing WDs to expand coverage

Non-WDs (financially Organizing water utilities and allow- Allowing the commercialization of water utility operations;
struggling water utilities) ing them to operate commercially encouraging LGUs to establish WDs or similar local gov-
ernment corporations or economic enterprises
100% recovery of O&M cost

Developed

Level III 100% coverage of franchise area Increasing private sector participation
Ensuring the sustainability of opera- Ensuring a robust regulatory framework to balance the in-
tions of Level III systems terest of consumers and operators/WSPs
Continuing expansion programs to Encouraging business establishments and residential com-
ensure 100% coverage munities to embark on rainwater harvesting programs

34
Figure 17: Northern Mindanao WSS Strategic Framework

35
 Access Targets for Northern Mindanao strives to achieve 95.3% access to
safe water by 2022 and 100% access by 2030. The latter
Water Supply and Sanitation means more than 1.4 million HHs will have access to
safe water. In addition, improved access to sanitation is
As experts knowledgeable in and thoroughly familiar with set at 90.3% by 2022 and universal access by 2030.
the social and environmental conditions in their Figures 18 and 19 graph the WSS targets in terms of
respective provinces, the workshop participants were households for 2022, 2030 and 2040.
given free rein in setting targets concerning water supply
and sanitation access (even as they were guided by the
prescribed goals).
Their targets were based on current and baseline data
(i.e., population growth rates, water resources availability,
topographical and geographical setting, etc.), the status
quo (funding constraints, political and cultural challenges,
etc.), and the realistic attainability of set targets.

Figure 18: Targeted Households with Access to Safe Water

Figure 19: Targeted Households with Access to Sanitation

36
 Water Supply Targets Sanitation Targets
BUKIDNON BUKIDNON
Category 2022 2030 2040 Category 2022 2030 2040
Level III 49.2% 54.0% 100.0% Improved 97.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Level II 32.9% 38.0% 0.0% Basic 2.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Level I 17.7% 8.0% 0.0% Shared/Communal/Limited 1.0% 0.0% 0.0%
With Access 99.8% 100.0% 100.0% With Access 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
No Access 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% Open Defecation 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

CAMIGUIN CAMIGUIN
Category 2022 2030 2040 Category 2022 2030 2040
Level III 95.0% 100.0% 100.0% Improved 97.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Level II 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Basic 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Level I 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Shared/Communal/Limited 1.0% 0.0% 0.0%
With Access 95.0% 100.0% 100.0% With Access 98.0% 100.0% 100.0%
No Access 5.0% 0.0% 0.0% Open Defecation 2.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

LANAO DEL NORTE LANAO DEL NORTE

Category 2022 2030 2040 Category 2022 2030 2040
Level III 45.0% 80.0% 100.0% Improved 97.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Level II 25.0% 20.0% 0.0% Basic 1.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Level I 15.0% 0.0% 0.0% Shared/Communal/Limited 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
With Access 85.0% 100.0% 100.0% With Access 98.0% 100.0% 100.0%
No Access 15.0% 0.0% 0.0% Open Defecation 2.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL

Category 2022 2030 2040 Category 2022 2030 2040
Level III 68.0% 75.0% 100.0% Improved 97.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Level II 17.0% 22.0% 0.0% Basic 1.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Level I 15.0% 3.0% 0.0% Shared/Communal/Limited 2.0% 0.0% 0.0%
With Access 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% With Access 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
No Access 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Open Defecation 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

MISAMIS ORIENTAL MISAMIS ORIENTAL

Category 2022 2030 2040 Category 2022 2030 2040
Level III 60.0% 75.0% 100.0% Improved 97.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Level II 25.0% 20.0% 0.0% Basic 3.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Level I 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Shared/Communal/Limited 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
With Access 95.0% 100.0% 100.0% With Access 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
No Access 5.0% 0.0% 0.0% Open Defecation 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Category 2022 2030 2040 Category 2022 2030 2040
Level III 95.2% 98.0% 100.0% Improved 97.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Level II 4.6% 1.9% 0.0% Basic 2.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Level I 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% Shared/Communal/Limited 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
With Access 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% With Access 99.0% 100.0% 100.0%
No Access 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Open Defecation 1.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ILIGAN CITY ILIGAN CITY

Category 2022 2030 2040 Category 2022 2030 2040
Level III 65.0% 80.0% 100.0% Improved 97.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Level II 10.0% 14.0% 0.0% Basic 3.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Level I 4.0% 6.0% 0.0% Shared/Communal/Limited 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
With Access 79.0% 100.0% 100.0% With Access 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
No Access 21.0% 0.0% 0.0% Open Defecation 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

NORTHERN MINDANAO NORTHERN MINDANAO

Category 2022 2030 2040 Category 2022 2030 2040
Level III 62.0% 74.1% 100.0% Improved 90.3% 100.0% 100.0%
Level II 21.7% 21.8% 0.0% Basic 5.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Level I 11.6% 4.1% 0.0% Shared/Communal/Limited 4.7% 0.0% 0.0%
With Access 95.3% 100.0% 100.0% With Access 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
No Access 4.7% 0.0% 0.0% Open Defecation 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

37
 Strategic Interventions them adaptable to actual local conditions. (These are
discussed more thoroughly in the National Master Plan
After the regional planning and consultation workshop, a and may be adopted accordingly at the local level.)
working document detailing specific strategic Tables 17 and 18 show the specific strategic
interventions to improve water supply and sanitation interventions for water supply and sanitation,
access in Region X was formulated. The participants respectively.
deliberated on these proposed interventions to make

Table 17: Proposed Strategic Interventions for Water Supply

Access to Safe Planning and Service

Regulation Promotion
Water Development Provision
95% Access to Planning, program or M&E expansion Water resources Willingness to connect
Safe Water in project design Rehabilitation/Non- protection and pay
2022 Establishing labs and revenue water (NRW) Arbitration Demand creation
water quality testing reduction maintained Environmental and
Universal Access
centers at 20% of total social safeguards
in 2030
Lobbying for the production Compliance with
Regional WSS Integration/ PNSDW 2017
Masterplan Amalgamation Close monitoring of
Automation Joint Agreement
Residuals Compliance training
management from DOH
Mitigation Resource studies
Water potability
maintained at all times
Providing 24/7 water
supply service
Achieving 100%
coverage
Residuals
management

Table 18: Proposed Strategic Interventions for Sanitation

Planning & Development Service Provision Regulation Promotions
Planning Operations Tariff/Pricing Social Preparation
Program or Project Design M&E Resource Advocacy
Access to Institution Building Expansion Arbitration Demand Creation
Improved Training Amalgamation Registration, Permits, Behavior Change
Sanitation Financing Automation Rights
Climate/Disaster Resiliency
Policy

High Access Local Sustainable Sanitation programs Tariff should be Promotions should
Sanitation Plan (LSSP) should focus on computed using full focus on enjoining the
Areas with 60%
should be incorporated into implementing cost recovery with public to connect to
to 100%
the WSS Sector Plan, local sewerage systems infusion of capex the sewerage system
Improved development plan (LDP), and completing subsidy for sewerage when made available
Sanitation annual investment program septage management projects. stressing the
Coverage (AIP), and local health plan. programs. importance of
LGU implementers
A sewerage system Expansion of have undergone compliance and the
program should be urbanized and compliance training benefits therefrom.
developed to provide urbanizing barangays given by DOH and Promotional efforts
service in the urban core should be pursued. Department of regarding water
coordinating with those in M&E system should Environment and demand management
charge of the septage conform to PSA/ Natural Resources should be supported
management program; Census (covered by (DENR) (particularly to minimize wastage
project urban sprawl sewerage system, in sewerage and unnecessary use
A National Sewerage and households systems), and the of water.
Septage Management desludged, and on- Dept. of Agriculture Building buy-in for
Program (NSSMP) subsidy site systems). (DA) with respect to paying for sanitation
grant for sewerage and regulations/guidelines services should be
septage management governing disposal of promoted.
programs (SMP) should be by-products.
in place. Penalties should be
Capacity development in strictly imposed on
regard to sewerage those not complying
systems should be planned with certain
and integrated with other requirements,
infrastructure. including LGUs/WDs
A sanitation ordinance by filing cases with
covering sewerage system the environmental
and septage management ombudsman.
services should be passed,
possibly integrating it into
the environment code and
Water Quality Management
Areas (WQMA) action plan.

38
Physical Interventions
To meet the targets for access and coverage as well as
the normative content of water (service standards),
capital investments are necessary. The details of these
investments in 2022 and 2030 are listed in Table 19.

Table 19: Capital Investments Required to Meet Water Supply Targets

Service Level 2022 2030

Level III Water source assessment and development Water source assessment and development
Construction of water treatment facilities Construction of water treatment facilities
Distribution network expansion Distribution network expansion
Provision of service connections Provision of service connections
NRW reduction program NRW reduction program
Watershed and water resources protection, Watershed and water resources protection,
management and development management and development
Development of a Water Safety Program Development of a Water Safety Program
Adoption of a rainwater harvesting program Adoption of a rain water harvesting program
Establishment of adequately equipped laboratory Automation of operations and major services
testing centers in strategic areas to serve all
service levels clientele

Level II Rehabilitation of existing water supply system to Rehabilitation of water supply system to upgrade it
upgrade it to Level III to Level III
Level I Upgrading to “safe level” those water sources found Adoption of a rain water harvesting program in
“unsafe” areas not reached by Levels II and III services

Capital investments for the sanitation targets will include

basic sanitation programs, septage management
programs, and sewerage management programs.
Targets for 2022 will mainly focus on basic sanitation.
The septage and sewerage management programs are
to be undertaken to achieve 2030 targets, although these
programs may be implemented as early as 2022.

Nonphysical Interventions
To support the CapEx programs and ensure the efficient
operation of the newly constructed facilities, institutional
and regulatory reforms are to be undertaken (as shown in
Table 20).

Table 20: Institutional and Regulatory Reforms Required to Achieve Water Supply and Sanitation Goals

Items Undeveloped/Underdeveloped Developing Developed

LGUs will organize/establish WDs and LGU-run utilities will A system for independent
water utilities as commercial be motivated to improve their evaluation and due diligence
enterprises in their jurisdictions performance by offering them regarding public-private
Water Service or form a WD. incentives/rewards. partnership projects will be set
Provision up.
LGUs will create offices to
handle Level II and Level I
services.
An agency will be created to spearhead efforts to improve the WSS sector at the provincial level. The
Planning and provincial office shall coordinate development plans for water and sanitation of all municipalities in each
Development province, pursue efforts (in coordination with the DENR) in watershed rehabilitation, and provide training
programs to LGUs in water supply development and management.
Service standards for water supply and sanitation will be defined.
An independent group will be formed to monitor the performance of water and sanitation service providers,
Regulation other than the WDs, within each province. WDs will continue to be regulated by the LWUA. The monitoring
group could later be made part of a regulatory body.

39
LWUA Priority Projects
LWUA, 2015 Data

40
 Addressing the Gaps
Water Supply Investment Total expenses for establishing water quality testing
laboratories have also been taken into account. It is
Requirements assumed that one laboratory per province will be
constructed.

Physical Investments Table 22 shows a summary of the total investment

requirements of the region. (The detailed methodology of
To address WSS infrastructure gaps and fulfill specific
how the regional costs for Northern Mindanao were
targets and commitments for 2022 and 2030, the cost of
derived is referenced in Annex D of the main volume of
infrastructure investments was derived based on
the Philippine WSS Master Plan.)
anticipated demand. Such demand was based on
projected population, economic growth, as well as
factored-in investments to ensure the continuous delivery Nonphysical Investments
of WSS services provided by existing systems. The Institutional and regulatory reforms have to be pursued to
computation included the anticipated need to upgrade complement infrastructure development and ensure that
existing service levels (i.e., from Level II to Level III, Level water supply systems constructed will operate efficiently.
I to Level II or Level III). Costs of reform implementation have not been estimated
at the regional level and are projected to be not
Northern Mindanao requires capital investments for
substantial compared to the infrastructure investments.
infrastructure development of about PhP11.51 billion and
PhP13.37 billion to achieve the 2022 and 2030 targets, LGUs, WDs, and other stakeholders are obligated to
respectively. Unit development costs employed to arrive influence decision makers to pursue relevant reforms in
at these sums are estimated at PhP35,200 per HH for the water sector. These reforms serve as non-
Level III, PhP20,700 for Level II, and PhP9,300 for Level infrastructure investments and typically include
I. organization/institutional development, regulatory
These rates are direct costs and cover water source strengthening, capacity building, and project
development, water treatment facilities, storage management.
requirements, transmission and distribution lines, and Proposed interventions include the following:
pumping requirements, and provision of service
connections.  The model of existing water utilities should be
Furthermore, these unit costs (determined to suit local identified in areas where there are no water
conditions in Northern Mindanao) were derived by districts. The establishment of WDs should be
applying regional cost factors (with respect to labor, proposed in municipalities with a population of at
material, and equipment costs) to the computed least 20,000, subject to an agreement with the
development base costs for NCR. NCR values are local chief executives. If LGUs are not amenable to
pegged at PhP31,800 per household for Level III, forming a WD, water utilities that can operate
PhP18,700 for Level II, and PhP8,400 for Level I. commercially (e.g., a similar local government
water corporation or economic enterprise) should
The cost deviations (from the NCR base rates) were
be set up.
taken into account considering the region’s distinct
geographical, economical, and accessibility  Priority should be given to operationalizing
characteristics, and labor, material, and equipment costs, nonfunctional WDs, particularly those in
which are bound to affect the implementation costs of municipalities categorized as 3rd class and higher.
any project. The regionalization of costs ensures that
computed regional investment requirements for the  The target expansion of service coverage shall be
Master Plan and the Regional Roadmaps are as realistic conducted at the municipal level. Municipalities
as possible befitting each locale. with lower than 50% coverage will be given priority
Aside from the direct costs, indirect costs were in the investment program.
considered in estimating the total investment The map on the left shows the nine Northern Mindanao
requirements. These items include project preparation LGUs where priority WD projects have been approved
activities (which may affect budget considerations) before and those pending approval for LWUA's financial
actual construction work begins. Items considered and
assistance (FA).
percentage values used in relation to the total direct
costs computed are shown in Table 21.

Table 21: Indirect Costs Employed25

Water Supply
Contingency 10.0% Percentage of Total Direct Cost
Feasibility Study 3.0% Percentage of Total Direct Cost
Detailed Engineering Design 6.0% Percentage of Total Direct Cost
Construction Supervision 5.0% Percentage of Total Direct Cost
ROW/Land Acquisition 3.0% Percentage of Total Direct Cost
Organizational Cost/Permits 2.0% Percentage of Total Direct Cost
Capacity Development 33,350 1 Staff Employee per 100 HH (LWUA)

Table 22: Total Investment Costs for Water Supply Sector

Total Investment Cost Total Investment Cost

Province/City (in PhP Million) (in PhP Million)
2022 2030
Bukidnon 2,155.15 2,453.79
Camiguin 119.49 117.25
Lanao del Norte 2,812.70 3,246.62
Misamis Occidental 1,717.47 2,089.07
Misamis Oriental 2,315.64 2,256.65 25
Based on industry standards
Cagayan de Oro City 1,453.84 2,174.74
Iligan City 931.61 1,035.86
Total 11,505.91 13,373.99 41
Septage Treatment Plant Clustering

42
Sanitation Investment Nonphysical Investments
Northern Mindanao, like other regions in the country, will
Requirements require substantial assistance from the national
government, or where technical and financial assistance
can be funneled. This will include an inventory or survey
Physical Investments and assessment of existing sanitation facilities, capacity
Basic Sanitation Program. The DOH plans to development for implementing local agencies (local
prescribe a national basic sanitation program for the health office, environment and natural resources office,
entire country – looking into a combination of office of the building official, and general services office),
microfinance and behavior change communication. A institutional, policy and regulatory environment
Department Administrative Order on standard septic tank development (which would require the involvement of
use and design will also be released by the DOH soon capacitance support offices like the budget and
after planned consultation activities have been rolled out treasurer’s office, bids and awards committee,
in the country’s three major island groups (Luzon, commission on audit office, engineering office, office of
Visayas and Mindanao). legal services/affairs, barangay affairs office, office of the
Northern Mindanao will need about PhP1.5 billion for local chief executive, and the local legislative council).
basic sanitation from 2016 to 2022 to reach a target of Other nonstructural interventions that may require a
100%. budget include developing a monitoring and evaluation
This was derived by multiplying the unserved population (M&E) system to monitor progress, support planning, and
by the unit development costs with regard to establishing guide development training programs, promotional
specific on-site sanitation facilities. (An annex to this campaigns and other legislative advocacies, and initiate
report and the National Master Plan explains the unit hygiene promotion programs.
costs and derived costs for specific sanitation
interventions.)
Septage Management Program. A clustering
approach will be recommended to reduce capital costs
and attain economies of scale. The proposed clustering
per province is shown on the map on the left.
The region will need about PhP2.7 billion and PhP316
million for 2022 and 2030, respectively, for its septage
management program.
Sewerage System Program. Only Cagayan de Oro
City and Iligan City will be required to plan and
implement a sewerage system for its urban core.
However, rapidly urbanizing cities (i.e., candidate HUCs)
should also consider planning for sewerage services in
the interim.
The indicative cost for sewerage was computed based
on the 50% coverage of the HUCs’ urban population
only. The unit cost was derived per the procedure
applied to septage management, wherein the unit cost
was based on the National Septage and Sewerage
Master Plan (NSSMP) estimations and later adjusted
considering other factors.
For sewerage services, Cagayan de Oro City and Iligan
City will require PhP6.93 billion by 2022 and an
additional PhP1.29 billion by 2030. The computational
template provided for a 25% coverage of sewerage
services by 2022 and an additional 25% coverage by
2030. The computational template provided for a 25%
coverage of sewerage services by 2022 and an
additional 25% coverage by 2030. This includes the city’s
incremental population from 2015 to 2022 and from 2023
to 2030.
Candidate HUCs may be closely examined initially (e.g.,
Gingoog City in Misamis Oriental, and Malaybalay City
and City of Valencia in Bukidnon) as urbanization may
set in more rapidly in these places than in other towns
such as Ozamis City in Misamis Occidental, and tourism
sites like Manolo Fortich in Bukidnon.

Table 23: Total Investment Costs for Sanitation Sector

Total Investment Cost Total Investment Cost

Province/City (in PhP Million) (in PhP Million)
2022 2030
Bukidnon 4,116.91 1,239.61
Camiguin 139.57 51.33
Lanao del Norte 3,799.95 722.39
Misamis Occidental 2,074.35 352.95
Misamis Oriental 5,573.44 734.14
Cagayan de Oro City 10,425.38 2,465.38
Iligan City 2,683.64 485.89
Total 28,813.24 6,051.69

43
 Proposed Projects and Programs
A list of projects and investment programs has been developed during the regional
planning workshop to assess the current state of the WSS sector and propose projects to
increase access to and upgrade water supply and sanitation facilities at the provincial or
regional level.
The DILG, DENR River Basin Control Office (RBCO) and LWUA have proposed projects in
the WSS sector in addition to those discussed and agreed on at the regional workshop.
This list of projects does not cover only infrastructure projects, but also nonphysical
investment requirements, such as capacity development programs, information
dissemination campaigns, and watershed management plans. These projects run the
gamut from conception, proposal, pre-feasibility and feasibility study stages, detailed
engineering design, to pre-procurement and procurement. Figure 20 shows the distribution
of the investment requirement per province and HUC. Based on the proposed projects and
programs, the region needs PhP487 billion to boost its WSS sector.
Figure 20: Distribution of Investment Requirement per Province/City

Bukidnon
Budget Budget Total HH
Requirement Requirement Budget Beneficia
Water Supply Period Sanitation Period
(in PhP (in PhP Requireme ries
Million) Million) nt (Php) (2022)
Upgrade of water meters installed 5 or more Creation of a Provincial Water Supply and
1 Short Term 160.00 1 -
years ago (Phase 1) Sanitation Board -
Upgrade of water meters installed 5 or more Establishment of a Local Water Sources
2 Medium Tern 525.00 2 -
years ago (Phase 2) Monitoring Committee -
Passage of the “Municipal Septage Management
Rehabilitation of dilapidated pipelines
3 Short Term 113.00 3 Ordinance” calling for the creation of a Septage -
(Phase 1) -
Management Program
Rehabilitation of dilapidated pipelines Formulation and implementation of the local
4 Medium Tern 132.00 4 Short Term 5.00
(Phase 2) water safety and sanitation plan (Phase 1)
Formulation and implementation of the local
5 Calibration of all water meters Short Term 3,000.00 5 Medium Term 5.00
water safety and sanitation plan (Phase 2)
Forming strategic alliances of multi-sectoral and
Establishment of rainwater harvesting
6 Short Term 4.00 6 multi-level stakeholders re: the construction of a Short Term 1,863.28
facilities in every household (Phase 1)
septage treatment plant (Phase 1)
Forming strategic alliances of multi-sectoral and
Establishment of rainwater harvesting
7 Medium Tern 3.60 7 multi-level stakeholders re: the construction of a Medium Term 192.80
facilities in every household (Phase 2)
septage treatment plant (Phase 2)
Construction of water treatment plant Provision of water sealed toilet bowls to indigent
8 Short Term 20,500.00 8 Short Term 500.00
(Phase 1) families (Phase 1)
Construction of water treatment plant Provision of water sealed toilet bowls to indigent
9 Medium Tern 23,000.00 9 Medium Term 200.00
(Phase 2) families (Phase 2)

10 Reforestation of watershed Areas (Phase 1) Short Term 30.00 10 Regular collection of household waste Short Term 457.00

Imposition of penalties on households or

11 Reforestation of watershed Areas (Phase 2) Medium Tern 30.00 11 individuals caught throwing or dumping - -
household waste into bodies of water 51,260.68 345,481
Payment of environmental services Strict imposition of penalties on noncompliant
12 Short Term 110.00 12 - -
(Livelihood Projects) (Phase 1) industrial firms
Payment of environmental services Training on community-led total sanitation
13 Medium Tern 300.00 13 Short Term 25.00
(Livelihood Projects) (Phase 2) (Phase 1)
Training on community-led total sanitation
14 Medium Term 25.00
(Phase 2)
Seminars for/capacity building of health and
15 identified community volunteers on community- Short Term 10.00
based sanitation (Phase 1)
Seminars for/capacity building of health and
16 identified community volunteers on community- Medium Term 10.00
based sanitation (Phase 2)
Involvement of barangay health workers in
17 - -
environmental and sanitation programs
LGUs’ coordination with schools, church groups
18 and other organizations or agencies re: - -
information campaigns
Conduct of IEC campaigns in schools &
19 Short Term 10.00
barangays (Phase 1)
Conduct of IEC campaigns in schools &
20 Medium Term 20.00
barangays (Phase 2)
Tri-media campaign (radio, TV, and print media)
21 Short Term 10.00
(Phase 1)
Tri-media campaign (radio, TV, and print media)
22 Medium Term 20.00
(Phase 2)

Total 47,907.60 Total 3,353.08

44
 Camiguin
Budget Budget Total
HH
Requirement Requirement Budget
Water Supply Period Sanitation Period Beneficiar
(in PhP (in PhP Requirem
ies (2022)
Million) Million) ent (PhP)
Upgrading/improvement of main pipelines and Information dissemination on environmental
1 reservoirs from Katugupan source, Mainit to - 1 protection and proper hygiene in every Long Term 2.00
-
Barangay Bonbon Catarman municipality of Camiguin
Upgrading/improvement of main pipelines and Information dissemination on environmental
2 reservoirs from Katugupan source, Mainit to - 2 protection and proper hygiene in every - 3.00
-
Barangay Bonbon Catarman municipality of Camiguin
Providing toilet bowls with septic tanks to 1,888
Construction of 2,000 cu.m. RC reservoir distribution
households with no toilets or sanitary facilities in
3 mains and other appurtenances in the municipality of - 3 Short Term 1,776.00
- critical barangays in five municipalities in
Mahinog at Brgy. Cabuan, Guinsiliban
Camiguin;
Providing toilet bowls with septic tanks to 1,888
Construction of 2,000 cu.m. RC reservoir distribution
households with no toilets or sanitary facilities in
4 mains and other appurtenances in the municipality of - 4 - 2.00
- critical barangays in five municipalities in
Mahinog at Brgy. Cabuan, Guinsiliban
Camiguin
Installation of chlorinating equipment in the 2 new
Provision of other sanitation facilities (septage
5 utility lines (Katugupan, Mainitit to Barangay Bonbon, - 5 Medium Term 5.00
- treatment plant/sewerage system)
and reservoir in Brgy. Cabuan)
Installation of chlorinating equipment in the 2 new
Provision of other sanitation facilities (septage
6 utility lines (Katugupan, Mainitit to Barangay Bonbon, - 6 - -
- treatment plant/sewerage system)
and reservoir in Brgy. Cabuan)
Symposia aimed at crafting policies and
Water source development of Cabantian Spring procedures governing the adoption of various
7 including raw water mains, Sto. Nino, Catarman, - 7 programs on sanitation (processing/issuing - 1.00
-
Camiguin permits, record keeping, monitoring guidelines,
regulation, etc.)
Symposia aimed at crafting policies and
Water Water source development of Cabantian procedures governing the adoption of various
8 Spring including raw water mains, Sto. Nino, - 8 programs on sanitation (processing/issuing - 15.00
-
Catarman, Camiguin permits, record keeping, monitoring guidelines,
regulation, etc.)
Other water supply infrastructure projects in
Mambajao and Mahinog, Camiguin (projects still to be Provision of water-sealed toilet bowls to indigent
9 - 9 Short Term 7.00
determined since the participants were unable to - families
attend) [attend what?]
Other water supply infrastructure projects in
Mambajao and Mahinog, Camiguin (projects still to be
10 -
determined since the participants were unable to -
attend) [?]
Water supply infrastructure projects in Mambajao and
11 Long Term 22.00
Mahinog, Camiguin

12 Construction of a water treatment plant Long Term 4.00

Establishment of rainwater harvesting facilities in

13 Short Term 1.00
every household

Medium 1,854.00 21,535

14 Reforestation of watershed areas 6.00
Term

Total 33.00 Total 1,811.00

Budget Budget
Requirement Requirement
Water Supply and Sanitation Period Water Supply and Sanitation Period
(in PhP (in PhP
Million) Million)
Investment fora aimed at increasing capitalization
and attracting investors, donors, and institutions
Putting up of signages and information banners in
1 Short Term 5.00 10 providing loan grants; turnover of resources in 5 - -
protected areas in Camiguin (Phase 1)
municipalities in Camiguin (financial capacity)
(Phase 2)
Memorandum of Understanding with key
institutions (both public and private) for technical
Putting up of signages and information banners in
2 Short Term 5.00 11 and financial support (feasibility, evaluation of - -
protected areas in Camiguin (Phase 2)
existing water systems) re: water supply and
sanitation management (Phase 1)
Memorandum of Understanding with key
Information drive via the local media and schools institutions (both public and private) for technical
3 informing the public and stakeholders of the current - 12 and financial support (feasibility, evaluation of - -
environmental state of Camiguin (Phase 1) existing water systems) re: water supply and
sanitation management. (Phase 2)
Information drive via the local media and schools Feasibility studies and evaluation of existing
4 informing the public and stakeholders of the current - 13 water and sanitation systems for Camiguin - -
environmental state of Camiguin (Phase 2) (Phase 1)
Training/seminars and arranging site visits of key Feasibility studies and evaluation of existing
5 LGUs, WSPS and NGA re: sustainability of the water - 14 water and sanitation systems for Camiguin - -
supply and sanitation sector (Phase 1) (Phase 2)
Building alliances and goodwill with DPWH, DILG,
Training/seminars and arranging site visits of key
and other government agencies, and actively
6 LGUs, WSPS and NGA re: sustainability of the water - 15 - -
participating in national water supply and
supply and sanitation sector (Phase 2)
sanitation programs
Human resources development and hiring of
Monitoring and evaluation of water supply and
7 additional personnel to handle water supply and - 16 - -
sanitation projects (Phase 1)
sanitation management (Phase 1)
Human resources development and hiring of
Monitoring and evaluation project of water supply
8 additional personnel to handle water supply and - 17 - -
and sanitation projects (Phase 2)
sanitation management (Phase 2)
Symposia aimed at crafting policies and
Investment fora aimed at increasing capitalization and
procedures governing the adoption of various
attracting investors, donors, and institutions providing
9 - 18 programs on sanitation (processing/issuing Short Term -
loan grants; turnover of resources in 5 municipalities
permits, record keeping, monitoring guidelines,
in Camiguin (financial capacity) (Phase 1)
regulation, etc.)

- Total 10.00

45
 Misamis Oriental
Budget Budget Total HH
Requirement Requirement Budget Beneficia
Water Supply Period Sanitation Period
(in PhP (in PhP Requirem ries
Million) Million) ent (PhP) (2022)
Proposed geophysical assessment of the 26 major Proposed study/data generation on sanitation per
1 Short Term 858.00 1 -
watersheds in Misamis Oriental sector/industry -
Proposed geophysical assessment of the 26 major Fora for stakeholders re: IEC campaigns on water
2 Medium Term 15.00 2 -
watersheds in Misamis Oriental and sanitation best practices -
Learning exchange programs through visits re:
Proposed assessment of water availability and
3 - 3 best practices in water resources and septage -
demand in Misamis Oriental - -
management
Proposed studies on water quality and use based on Proposed training in septage management, design
4 - 4 -
the geographic information system (GIS) - and treatment including monitoring and evaluation -
Proposed survey of water sources and utilization in Proposed implementation of sanitation laws and
5 - 5 -
Misamis Oriental - ordinances -
Proposed IEC programs in schools, barangays re: Integration of sustainable sanitation development
6 - 6 -
stakeholders’ role in watershed management - into the planning framework (PDPFP and CDP) -
Proposed design and construction of sanitary
Training programs for Misamis Oriental clusters on septage facilities at the barangay level (i.e.,
7 - 7 -
the 3-dimensional framework of IWRM - remote communities) as well as on-site designs -
including collection and treatment
Proposed design and construction of communal
Proposed creation of the Provincial Water sanitary septage facilities for each of the 7 area
8 Resources Management Board (LCEs) and Short Term 58.00 8 clusters (MANLUNA, GALILEO, AGILA, -
-
Technical Working Group (MPDOs/PPDCs) CLAJAVITA, MISORET, GBA, Laguindingan
Airport Development Project Impact Zone)
Proposed establishment of financing programs in Implementation of plans and programs re: septage
9 Medium Term 1.00 9 Short Term -
water resources and supply management management and treatment plants
Proposed local ordinances and resolutions to Implementation of plans and programs re: septage
10 - - 10 Medium Term -
resolve conflicts in water allocation management and treatment plants
DRRM/CCA enhanced planning and design of water
Proposed construction of sanitary landfill per
11 resources infrastructure per cluster in Misamis Short Term 1,143.00 11 Short Term -
clustered LGUs (7 clusters)
Oriental
DRRM/CCA enhanced planning and design of water
Proposed construction of sanitary landfill per
12 resources infrastructure per cluster in Misamis Medium Term 200.00 12 Medium Term -
clustered LGUs (7 clusters)
Oriental
Establishing an integrated information management Clustered septage management, collection and
13 - - 13 Long Term 1,572.00
system (IIMS) re: water resources and sanitation treatment facilities
Proposed design and construction of water supply
14 - -
distribution systems
Proposed design and construction of a water
15 - -
filtration system for each cluster/municipality

Total 2,275.00 Total 1,572.00

Budget
Requirement
Water Supply and Sanitation Period
(in PhP
Million)
Proposed geotagging of water and sanitation
1 - - 7 Provincial Infrastructure Development:
infrastructure in Misamis Oriental 7,421.00 222,187
a. DRRM/CCA enhanced planning and design of
Proposed capacity development to establish self-
2 Short Term 58.00 water resources infrastructure per cluster in
regulation (voluntary actions)
Misamis Oriental
b. Integration of sustainable sanitation
Proposed capacity development to establish self-
3 Medium Term 1,000.00 development into the planning framework
regulation (voluntary actions)
(PDPFP and CDP)
c. Establishing an integrated information
Proposed local laws and ordinances to establish
4 - - management system (IIMS) re: water supply and
regulations and guidelines
sanitation
d. Proposed design and construction of water
5 Provincial Baseline Studies and Research: Long Term 3,143.00
supply distribution systems
a. Geophysical assessment of the 26 major e. Proposed design and construction of a water
watersheds in Misamis Oriental filtration system for each cluster/municipality
f. Proposed design and construction of sanitary
b. Assessment of water availability and demand septage facilities at the barangay level (remote
in Misamis Oriental communities) as well as on-site design including
collection and treatment
g. Proposed design and construction of
communal sanitary septage facilities for each of
Long Term 2,358.00 the 7 area clusters (MANLUNA, GALILEO,
c. GIS-based studies on water quality and use
AGILA, CLAJAVITA, MISORET, GBA,
Laguindingan Airport Development Project
Impact Zone)
d. Geotagging of water and sanitation
8 Provincial Institutional Mechanisms:
infrastructure in Misamis Oriental
1. Proposed creation of a Provincial Water
e. Survey of water sources and utilization in
Resources Management Board (LCEs) and
Misamis Oriental
Technical Working Group (MPDOs/PPDCs)
f. Study/data generation on sanitation per sector/ 2. Proposed local laws and ordinances to
industry establish regulations and guidelines Long Term 158.00
3. Proposed establishment of financing programs
6 Education and Training/IEC:
in water resources and supply management
a. Capacity development to establish self- 4. Proposed local ordinances and resolutions to
regulation (voluntary actions) resolve conflicts in water allocation
b. IEC programs in schools and barangays re: 5. Proposed implementation of sanitation laws
stakeholders’ role in watershed management and ordinances
c. Training programs for Misamis Oriental clusters
Total 3,574.00
on the 3-dimensional framework of IWRM Long Term 158.00
d. Forum encouraging stakeholders to take part in
IEC campaigns on water and sanitation best
practices
e. Learning exchange programs through visits re:
best practices in water resources and septage
management
f. Training re: septage management, design and
treatment including monitoring and evaluation

46
 Misamis Occidental
Budget Budget Total HH
Requirement Requirement Budget Beneficia
Water Supply Period Sanitation Period
(in PhP (in PhP Requirem ries
Million) Million) ent (Php) (2022)

1 Reforestation of watershed areas Short Term 12.50 1 Training on community-led total sanitation Short Term 2.00

2 Reforestation of watershed areas Medium Term 26.30 2 Training on community-led total sanitation Medium Term 5.00

Establishment of Local Water Resources Construction of communal septic tanks for coastal
3 Short Term 0.80 3 Short Term 78.30
Monitoring Committee areas
Establishment of Local Water Resources
4 Medium Term 1.10 4 Construction of a septage treatment plant (STP) Short Term 150.00
Monitoring Committee
Upgrading of water supply distribution system from
5 Short Term 1,110.00 5 Construction of an STP Medium Term 300.00
Level I or Level II to Level III
Upgrading of water supply distribution system from Establishment of STP Management and Monitoring
6 Medium Term 2,400.00 6 Short Term 5.00
Level I or Level II to Level III Committee
Establishment of STP Management and Monitoring
7 Development of new water sources Short Term 111.00 7 Medium Term 15.00
Committee
Charging of a socialized environmental fee for
8 Development of new water sources Medium Term 240.00 8 Short Term 2.50
septage
Charging of a socialized environmental fee for
9 Construction of water storage facilities Short Term 166.50 9 Medium Term 5.00
septage
Formulation of a Provincial Sewerage Management
10 Construction of water storage facilities Medium Term 360.00 10 Short Term 4.50
Plan
Rehabilitation & improvement of water supply Formulation of a Provincial Sewerage Management
11 Short Term 133.20 11 Medium Term 6.50
system facilities Plan
Rehabilitation & improvement of water supply Technical and institutional training programs on
12 Medium Term 288.00 12 Short Term 3.50
system facilities sewerage management
Administration improvements such as: office and
building improvements, purchasing of vehicles, Technical and institutional training programs on
13 Short Term 8.00 13 Medium Term 7.00
office equipment, tools and implements, furniture sewerage management
and fixtures (Phase 1)
Administration improvements such as: office and
building improvements, purchasing of vehicles,
14 Short Term 8.30
office equipment, tools and implements, furniture
and fixtures (Phase 2)
Development of water sources including geo- 5,869.30 165,052
resistivity study and land acquisition; acquisition of
15 pumps and motors, generators, electro-mechanical Short Term 16.50
equipment; water treatment facilities and deep well
accessories (Phase 1)
Development of water sources including a geo-
resistivity study and land acquisition; acquisition of
16 pumps and motors, generators, electro-mechanical Short Term 12.50
equipment; water treatment facilities and deep well
accessories (Phase 2)

17 Expansion of service coverage areas (Phase 1) Short Term 93.50

18 Expansion of service coverage areas (Phase 2) Short Term 93.90

19 Service renewal (Phase 1) Short Term 57.70

20 Service renewal (Phase 2) Short Term 69.90

NRW Maintenance and Management Programs

21 Short Term 44.40
(Phase 1)
NRW Maintenance and Management Programs
22 Short Term 27.00
(Phase 2)

Total 5,281.10 Total 584.30

Budget
Requirement
Water Supply and Sanitation Period
(in PhP
Million)
Technical, financial and institutional training
1 programs on water supply and sanitation Short Term 1.40
management
Technical, financial and institutional training
2 programs on water supply and sanitation Medium Term 2.50
management

Total 3.90

47
 Lanao Del Norte
Budget Budget Total HH
Requirement Requirement Budget Beneficia
Water Supply Period Sanitation Period
(in PhP (in PhP Requireme ries
Million) Million) nt (PhP) (2022)

1 Watershed profiling Short Term 4.00 1 Improved sanitation projects Short Term 28,296.00

2 Watershed profiling Medium Term 5.00 2 Improved sanitation projects Medium Term 306,124.00

3 Establishment of buffer zones Short Term 5.00 3 Registration of septage service providers - -

Identification of possible sites for septage treatment

4 Reforestation project Short Term 15.00 4 - -
facility

Establishment/construction of septage treatment plant

5 Reforestation project Medium Term 15.00 5 Short Term 184.00
in cluster municipalities

Creation and operation of a local water and Establishment/construction of septage treatment plant
6 Short Term 6.00 6 Medium Term 3,634.00
sanitation board in cluster municipalities

Construction of water supply facilities

7 Short Term 1,953.00 7 Separate sewerage system Short Term 31,066.00
(Levels I, II & III)

Construction of water supply facilities

8 Medium Term 2,493.00 8 Separate sewerage system Medium Term 41,106.00
(Levels I, II & III)

Improvement/redevelop- ment of water

9 Short Term 9.00 9 Establishment of aerated lagoon system -
supply facilities

Improvement/redevelopment of water supply

10 Short Term 3.00 10 Training on community-led total sanitation Short Term 6.00
facilities

Identification and profiling of alternative

11 - 11 Training on community-led total sanitation Medium Term 6.00
sources of water
415,002.00 158,258
Preparation of project proposal/feasibility Training/Workshop on the formulation of a water safety
12 Short Term 1.00 12 Short Term 5.00
study plan

Preparation of project proposal/feasibility Training/Workshop on the formulation of a water safety

13 Medium Term 1.00 13 Medium Term 5.00
study plan

Development of untapped springs/deep Training on sewerage & septage operation &

14 Short Term 35.00 14 Short Term -
wells management

Development of untapped springs/deep Training on sewerage & septage operation &

15 Medium Term 5.00 15 Medium Term -
wells management

16 Water quality control and development - 16 Training on gender sensitivity Short Term 5.00

17 Human resources development and training - 17 Training on gender sensitivity Medium Term 5.00

18 Training on community development and management Short Term 5.00

19 Training on community development and management Medium Term 5.00

20 Project implementation arrangements - -

21 Community development and management - -

Total 4,550.00 Total 410,452.00

Iligan City
Budget Budget Total HH
Requirement Requirement Budget Beneficia
Water Supply Period Sanitation Period
(in PhP (in PhP Requireme ries
Million) Million) nt (PhP) (2022)
JV proposal for Iligan City water supply
1 Short Term 612.83 1 Enforcement of existing environmental laws -
improvement and expansion project -

JV proposal for Iligan City water supply Continuing information & education campaign on
2 Medium Term 658.18 2 -
improvement and expansion project Segregation@ Source -

3 Public consultations re: proposed tariff - - 3 Improvement of existing facilities -

-
Creation of a monitoring team to draft the
Amending existing sanitation laws which should include
4 water safety plan and monitor Short Term 1.00 4 -
new trends and techniques -
implementation
Creation of a monitoring team to draft the
5 water safety plan and monitor Medium Term 1.00 5 Tree & mangrove planting & growing -
-
implementation 1,373.01 84,185
6 Reforestation of watershed areas Short Term 20.00 6 Training on community-led total sanitation -
-

7 Reforestation of watershed areas Medium Term 50.00 7 Training on community-led total sanitation -
-

Public consultations & preparation of IEC

8 Short Term 15.00 8 Construction of a sewerage & septage system -
materials -

Public consultations & preparation of IEC

9 Medium Term 15.00 9 Construction of a sewerage & septage system -
materials -

Total 1,373.01 Total -

48
 Cagayan de Oro City
Budget Budget Total
HH
Requirement Requirement Budget
Water Supply Period Sanitation Period Beneficiari
(in PhP (in PhP Requireme
es (2022)
Million) Million) nt (PhP)
Procurement or development of additional water
1 Short Term 80.00 1 Implementation of CDOBAR WQMA PLAN - -
sources (surface & groundwater) (Phase 1)

Procurement or development of additional water

2 Medium Term 1,400.00 2 Construction of STP Short Term 128.00
sources (surface & groundwater) (Phase 2)

Development of new water supply systems in

3 Short Term 316.00 3 Solid waste management plan - -
waterless barangays

Pipeline extension projects in waterless areas and in

4 Short Term 59.00 4 Creation of sewerage system Medium Term 2,000.00
areas with poor water supply (Phase 1)

Pipeline extension projects in waterless areas and in

5 Medium Term 600.00 5 Construction of treatment and disposal facilities Short Term 1.00
areas with poor water supply (Phase 2)

Continuing tree-growing projects in partnership with

6 Short Term 50.00 6 Cagayan de Oro City sewerage system Long Term 65.00
private organizations

Employment of a leak detection system; activities in Formulation of a septage management plan

7 Short Term 9.70 7 Long Term 128.00
water pressure management and construction of STPs

8 Establishment of a rainwater harvesting facility Short Term 50.00

9 Training on water demand management Short Term 50.00

Construction of additional water storage facilities/ 5,175.70 196,226

10 Short Term 36.00
water reservoirs
Construction of flood walls or flood protection
11 structures around water supply facilities; elevation of Short Term 15.00
existing generator sets at sources & booster stations

12 Cagayan de Oro WD expansion (new river source) Short Term 3.00

Development of additional water sources (surface &

13 Long Term 148.00
groundwater)

Development of new water supply systems in

14 Long Term 32.00
waterless barangays

Total 2,848.70 Total 2,322.00

Budget Budget
Requirement Requirement
Water Supply and Sanitation Period Water Supply and Sanitation Period
(in PhP (in PhP
Million) Million)
Continuing tree-growing projects in partnership with
1 Short Term 5.00
private organizations

Total 5.00

49
AM, Salintubig Pipeline WSS Projects
DILG-WSSPMO, 2019 List of DILG Projects

50
Identified Priority Projects (2019-2020)
The table below show the priority projects identified by LWUA and DILG for 2019-
2020. The map on the left shows the various barangays and municipalities to be
covered by DILG’s Assistance to Municipalities (AM) and Salintubig Projects in 2019.

Assistance To Municipalities (2019)

Province Municipality Project Type Project Title Amount
Bukidnon Impasug-Ong Potable Water Supply System Construction Of Water System 6,007,000
Bukidnon Kalilangan Potable Water Supply System Rehabilitation Of Level III Potable Water System 6,628,000
Bukidnon Kitaotao Potable Water Supply System Construction Of Water System 5,639,000
Bukidnon Lantapan Potable Water Supply System Construction Of Level II Water System 7,052,000
Rehabilitation/Improvement Of Water System In
Bukidnon Manolo Fortich Potable Water Supply System 3,000,000
Brgy. Minsuro
Bukidnon Manolo Fortich Potable Water Supply System Expansion Of Water System In Brgy. Dicklum 4,842,000
Camiguin Mambajao(Capital) Potable Water Supply System Rehab/Improvement Of Level II Water System 2,500,000
Construction Of Sanitary Toilet And Hygiene
Camiguin Mambajao (Capital) Health And Sanitation 2,068,000
Facility
Construction Of Level II Water System In Sudlon,
Camiguin Sagay Potable Water Supply System 8,000,000
Bacnit
Rehabilitation/Improvement Of Water System In
Camiguin Sagay Potable Water Supply System 1,550,000
Poblacion
Lanao Del Norte Kolambugan Health And Sanitation 5,000,000
Construction Of Sanitary Toilets With Hygiene
Lanao Del Norte Kolambugan Health And Sanitation 1,847,000
Facilities For Public Places
Lanao Del Norte Kolambugan Potable Water Supply System Construction Of Water Supply System 3,000,000
Lanao Del Norte Linamon Potable Water Supply System Rehab/Improvement Of Level II Water System 6,187,000
Lanao Del Norte Pantar Potable Water Supply System Construction Of Water Supply System 2,000,000
New Construction Of Level II Potable Water
Lanao Del Norte Sultan Naga Dimaporo (Karomatan) Potable Water Supply System 2,774,000
Supply System In Brgy. Kauswagan
New Construction Of Level II Potable Water
Lanao Del Norte Sultan Naga Dimaporo (Karomatan) Potable Water Supply System 3,000,000
Supply System In Brgy. Tagulo
Rehabilitation/Improvement Of Level III
Misamis Occidental Jimenez Potable Water Supply System 11,529,000
Waterworks System
Rehabilitation/Improvement Of Level III
Misamis Oriental Binuangan Potable Water Supply System 2,362,000
Waterworks System
Misamis Oriental Jasaan Potable Water Supply System Expansion Of Water System 11,584,000
Misamis Oriental Lagonglong Potable Water Supply System Construction Of Water Supply System 5,047,000
Misamis Oriental Manticao Potable Water Supply System Expansion Of Water System 9,877,000
Misamis Oriental Sugbongcogon Potable Water Supply System Expansion Of Water System 7,631,000
Total 119,124,000
SALINTUBIG (2019)
Province Municipality Name Of Project Barangay Amount
Rehab And Improvement Of
Camiguin Sagay Mayana 3,000,000
Mayana Water System
Lanao Del Norte Bacolod Potable Water Supply Babalaya and Kahayag 6,000,000
Kirapan, Mahayahay, Lantawan, Calibao,
Lanao Del Norte Sultan Naga Dimaporo Potable Water Supply 9,000,000
Mabuhay and Bagco
Misamis Occidental Jimenez Potable Water Supply Seti,Sinara Alto and Sinara Bajo 9,000,000
Misamis Occidental Lopez Jaena Potable Water Supply Macalibre Alto 3,000,000
Misamis Occidental Plaridel Potable Water Supply Danao 3,000,000
Misamis Oriental Sugbongcogon Potable Water Supply Alicomohan and Kiraging 6,000,000
Misamis Occidental Tudela Potable Water Supply Gala and Yahong 6,000,000
Bukidnon Damulog Potable Water Supply - 10,000,000
Bukidnon Kibawe Potable Water Supply - 15,000,000
Lanao Del Norte Nunungan Potable Water Supply - 10,000,000
Total 80,000,000
LWUA (2017-2018)
Province Water District Project Type Status Amount
Bukidnon Manolo Fortich WD Development of Surface Water Pending approval 135,000,000.00
Bukidnon Quezon WD Admin Building Pending approval 10,000,000.00
Bukidnon Valencia City WD NRW Reduction Pending approval 250,000,000.00
Misamis Oriental Balingasag WD Water System Improvement Pending approval 7,200,000.00
Misamis Oriental Cagayan De Oro Pipeline Extension Pending approval 66,580,000.00
Bukidnon Manolo Fortich WD Expansion Pending approval 150,000,000.00
Bukidnon Valencia City Expansion Pending approval 160,000,000.00
Misamis Oriental Province of Misamis Oriental Expansion Pending approval 500,000,000.00
Misamis Oriental Cagayan De Oro Expansion Pending approval 500,000,000.00
Total 1,778,780,000.00

51
 Appendix A: Provincial and HUC Profiles

52
53
 Appendix A: Provincial and HUC Profiles

54
55