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Parts and Functions

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Noah Cajurao II
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13 views

Parts and Functions

Uploaded by

Noah Cajurao II
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

1. Cylinder Block: The main body of an internal combustion engine where fuel
intake, compression, and combustion occur. Made of high-grade cast iron, it
guides the piston and is typically cooled by a water jacket (for liquid cooling) or
fins (for air cooling).
2. Cylinder Head: The top part of the cylinder, closed by a removable head,
housing intake and exhaust ports, valves, and other components. It seals the
cylinder, preventing gas entry and exit. Made of cast iron or aluminum.

3. Piston: The component that receives gas pressure in the cylinder, transmitting
thrust to the connecting rod. It provides a tight seal inside the cylinder and is
typically made of lightweight and strong materials like aluminum alloy or cast
iron.
4. Piston Rings: Rings fitted into grooves on the piston to provide a sealing fit and
reduce friction between the piston and cylinder. Typically made of cast iron or
alloy spring steel.
5. Connecting Rod: Connects the piston to the crankshaft, converting
reciprocating piston motion into rotary crankshaft motion. Made from materials
like nickel-chrome steel or aluminum for smaller engines.

6. Crankshaft: Converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion,
supported by bearings. Typically made of steel forging or special types of cast
iron.
7. Engine Bearings: Bearings support moving parts, reducing friction. They are
used for the crankshaft, connecting rod big end, and piston pin. Bearings can be
sliding (bush) for connecting rods and rolling (ball) for the crankshaft.
8. Crankcase: The engine's main body containing the cylinder, crankshaft, and
bearings. Also serves as the lubricating system or oil sump.
9. Valves: Control the intake and exhaust of an internal combustion engine. Two
valves per cylinder are common, one for intake and one for exhaust, fitted in the
cylinder head.
10. Spark Plug: Used in spark ignition engines to ignite the air-fuel mixture.
Conducts high potential current into the combustion chamber to produce a spark.
11. Injector: Typically used in compression ignition engines, it sprays fuel into the
combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke.
12. Manifold: Supplies the air-fuel mixture and collects exhaust gases from all
cylinders. Two manifolds are used, one for intake and one for exhaust. Typically
made from aluminum alloy.
13. Camshaft: Controls the timing of valve opening and closing, ensuring proper
engine performance. It's driven by a timing belt connected to the crankshaft and
can be located at the top or bottom of the cylinder.
14. Gudgeon Pin (Piston Pin): Hardened steel spindles that connect the piston to
the connecting rod, allowing for pivot motion. Often made hollow for lightness.
15. Pushrod: Transmits motion from the camshaft to the valves, particularly when
the camshaft is at the bottom of the cylinder.
16. Flywheel: Secured to the crankshaft, the flywheel rotates the shaft during the
engine's preparatory stroke, ensuring more uniform crankshaft rotation.

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