Practice Worksheet

. Fundamentals of
Name: Mía Sofía Diffendarfer Vela Life AD2023
ID:A01711211
1. Complete the table with the missing information:

Organelle Function Type of cells that contains it

Plasma membrane Provide protection for the cell Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Cell wall Provide tensile strength and protection Algae, fungi and plantae.

Capsule Protect form ingestion and destruction by white bacteria

blood cells.

Cytoplasm Provides shape to the cell. Eukaryotic cells

Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis in the cell Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Flagellum Help with movement Bacteria, archaea and eukaryotic

Pilli Role in movement, adherence to surfaces prokaryotic

Rough ER Produce protein for the rest of the cell to function Animal and plant cells

Smooth ER Synthesis of essential lipids Eukaryotic

Golgi body Process and package protein Eukaryotic cells

Mitochondria Generate most of the chemical energy needed eukaryotic

to power the cell´s biochemical reactions.

Cytoskeleton Helps cell maintain their shape and internal Eukaryotic cells
organization.

Centrioles Organizing microtubules Animal cells

Chloroplasts Produce energy using photosynthesis. Plant cells

Central vacuole Hold materials and wastes. Plant cells

Nucleus Cell´s control center Eukaryotic

Nucleolus Produce and assemble cell´s ribosomes. m Eukaryotic

Nucleosome Gene repressor Eukaryotic

Nucleoid Regulatory center. Prokaryotic

Plasmids Carry genes, transfer themselves into another Bacterial cells

cell.

Cytosol Contain dissolved nutrients, break down waste Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
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 product and move material around the cell. c

2. Complete the table:

Scientist What is the Which Drawing of the experiment Does the

experiment theory is experiment
about? the support
experimen biogenesis
t refuting? or
abiogenesi
s?

Pasteur Pasteur used Spontaneo biogenesis

long, curved us
recipients for generation
his
experiment.
In them,
there was like
a broth he
had
previously
boiled. When
taking it out
of the fire, air
would come
in but the
microbes
would stick
there.

Redi Dead flies Spontaneo abiogenesis

would us
definitely not generation
create new
flies when
placed on
rotting meat
on a sealed
jar.

Helmond He originally Spontaneo Abiogenesis

created the us
formula for generation
spontaneous
generation.

Dirty cloth +
wheat + time
= mice

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Spallanza Two bowl Spontaneo Biogenesis
ni with “soup”. us
One was not generation
covered and
the other was
completely
sealed. After
this, he
boiled the
bowls and
ended up
only having
microorganis
ms on the
opened bowl.

Needham Same Spontaneo Abiogenesis

experiment us
as generation
Spallanzani,
but he didn´t
seal very well
the bowl that
should be
completely
covered. This
resulted in
microorganis
ms in both
bowls.

Miller and Together Physical- Abiogenesis

Urey they chemical
recreated the
old earth
conditions so
they could
recreate the
water cycle.
Mixture of
gasses,
energy and
movement.
This ended
up in the
“creation” of
life in water.

3. Complete the table:

Theory What is the theory about?

Spontaneous generation Living beings develop from non-living matter

Physical-Chemical A series of electric shocks, solar radiation and substances

present in the primitive atmosphere produced the first
organic molecules.

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Panspermia Life began on Earth when the seed of life in the universe
came to it from space.

Creationism acts of creation originated everything in nature and aspects

such as the corn dough and the
breath of life created human beings.

4. Write the steps in which the Symbiotic theory explains the evolution of cells :
1. Endosymbiotic initiation: host cells “eats” a free-living prokaryotic cell. Doesn´t actually digest it.
2. Mutualistic relationship: Instead of digesting, they install a mutual benefit relationship with the host cell.
3. Integration and differentiation: Prokaryotic cell becomes part of the host cell.
4. Loss of independence: Prokaryotic cells loses ability to live independently.
5. Formation of mitochondria or chloroplasts: the integrated prokaryotic cell becomes either a mitochondria or a
chloroplast.
6. Genetic integration: genetic material is distinct from the host cell's nuclear DNA and is more similar to that of
free-living bacteria.
7. Genetic transfer and cooperation: The symbiotic relationship involves the transfer of genetic material between
the host cell and the engulfed prokaryote.
8. Stability and inheritance: This relationship becomes stable over generations.

5. Compare and contrast the Theories of Darwin and Wallace about Evolution by Natural Selection:
Darwin´s paper was published a year after Wallace´s. Additionally, Darwin wrote more details on human evolution.
Darwin´s emphasis on natural was broader.

Darwin´s theory was that all living species come from pre-existing ones. He found this out by studying fossils. Adding
to this information, he also thought that they all had developed some kind of mutation in order for them to survive in
their natural environment.

Wallace theory was similar. He concluded that species come from a pre-exiting specie and that they had change
over time, too. The difference is that his investigation took place all around the world, and not just in Galapagos
Island.

6. Complete the table with the missing information: write “needed” or “produced” to indicate if the process requires
or synthesizes the given substance:

Substance Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Water Produced Needed

Carbon Dioxide Produced Needed

Sunlight Produced Needed

Glucose Needed Produced

Oxygen needed Produced

ATP Produced Needed

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 7. Write the equations for Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration:

Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6H2O + ATP

8. Explain the difference between a Food chain, Food web and Energy Pyramid.

Food chain: A linear “graph” that shows the flow of energy in different ecosystems.

Food web: In comparison to the food chain, this one acknowledges that there is more than one source of food.

Energy Pyramid: It´s a more graphical representation of the trophic level. And of course, it is shaped like a pyramid.

9. Write 5 biotic factors and 5 abiotic factors.

Biotic: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria and protists.

Abiotic: Water, temperature, soil, sunlight, humidity

10. Use circles and arrows (as an equation, the circles represent large or small molecules) to represent the process of
anabolism and catabolism. Indicate if the process needs ATP or ADP, indicate if the process produces ATP or ADP.

Anabolism

Catabolism

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11. Why is digestion of food a catabolic reaction?
It is a catabolic reaction because it involves breaking down molecules into simpler ones.
12. Why is building muscle process an anabolic reaction?
Building muscle is an anabolic process because it involves the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, and
it requires an input of energy.

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