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BOHOL MATHSHS GENMATH Q1 PLP3DAY3 v.01

This lesson plan outlines how to determine the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of rational functions. It begins with examples of finding the zeroes, intercepts, and asymptotes of two sample rational functions. Key points are that zeroes are found by setting the numerator equal to zero, intercepts occur at zeroes of the function, and asymptotes occur where the denominator is zero. The lesson then provides exercises for students to practice finding these values for additional rational functions. It concludes by assigning students to find the zeroes, intercepts, and asymptotes of another rational function.

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Angelica Camarao
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29 views

BOHOL MATHSHS GENMATH Q1 PLP3DAY3 v.01

This lesson plan outlines how to determine the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of rational functions. It begins with examples of finding the zeroes, intercepts, and asymptotes of two sample rational functions. Key points are that zeroes are found by setting the numerator equal to zero, intercepts occur at zeroes of the function, and asymptotes occur where the denominator is zero. The lesson then provides exercises for students to practice finding these values for additional rational functions. It concludes by assigning students to find the zeroes, intercepts, and asymptotes of another rational function.

Uploaded by

Angelica Camarao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol
City of Tagbilaran

LESSON PLAN IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS

GRADE: 11 QUARTER: 1 WEEK: 3 DAY: 3


COMPETENCY & Determines the (a) intercepts; (b) zeroes; and (c) asymptotes of rational
OBJECTIVES : functions. (M11GM-Ic-1)

CONTENT : Intercepts, Zeroes, and Asymptotes of Rational Functions


LEARNING SLM Module 3
RESOURCES : GM LM pages 24-25
GM TG pages 54-66
PROCEDURE : A. Preparation
Recall. Consider this graph.
a. What is the domain?
b. What is the range?

Check the assignment.

B. Motivation
Use the given graph.
1. Does the graph cross the x-axis? At what point?
2. Does the graph cross the y-axis? Give the coordinates of the point.
3. Is there a line on which the graph seems to approach? Show and
name these lines.
4. At what value of x is y=0?
C. Presentation
Present the learning objectives.
D. Discussion/Abstraction
The zeroes of a function are the values of 𝑥 which make the function
zero. The real numbered zeroes are also x-intercepts of the graph of the
𝑝(𝑥)
function. The zeroes of a rational function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑞(𝑥) can be determined
by solving 𝑝(𝑥) = 0. In other words, whatever values that make the
numerator 𝑝(𝑥) equal to zero are the zeroes of 𝑓(𝑥).

The intercepts of the graph of a function are the points of intersection


of its graph and an axis.
The x-intercept of a rational function 𝑓(𝑥), if it exists, occurs at the
zeroes of the numerator that are not zeroes of the denominators.
The y-intercept of 𝑓(𝑥), if it exists, is the function value when 𝑥 = 0,
provided that 𝑓(𝑥) is defined at 𝑥 = 0.

An asymptote is an imaginary line to which a graph gets closer and


closer as it increases or decreases its value without limit.
The line 𝑥 = 𝑎 is a vertical asymptote of a rational function 𝑓 if the
graph of 𝑓 either increases or decreases without bound as 𝑥 approaches
𝑎 from the right or from the left. To determine the vertical asymptote of a
rational function 𝑓, find the values of 𝑎 where the denominator is zero. If
this value of 𝑎 does not make the numerator zero, then the line 𝑥 = 𝑎 is a
vertical asymptote.

To determine the horizontal asymptote of a rational function, compare


the degree of the numerator 𝑛 and the degree of the denominator 𝑑.
i. If 𝑛 < 𝑑, the horizontal asymptote is 𝑦 = 0.
𝑎
ii. If 𝑛 = 𝑑, the horizontal asymptote is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑛 where 𝑎𝑛 is
𝑑
the leading coefficient of the numerator and 𝑎𝑑 , the leading
coefficient of the denominator.
iii. If 𝑛 > 𝑑, there is no horizontal asymptote.

EXAMPLES:
For each given function, determine the
a. zeroes c. y-intercept e. horizontal asymptote
b. x-intercept d. vertical asymptote

𝑥−2
EXAMPLE 1: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+2
SOLUTION:
𝑥−2
1. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+2
a) The values of x that can make the numerator zero are the
zeroes of 𝑓(𝑥). So, we equate the numerator to zero and solve
for x.
𝑥−2=0
𝑥=2
∴ 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

b) Since 2 is a real zero of the function therefore 2 is an x-


intercept.
c) The y-intercept of a function is the value of the function at 𝑥 =
0. Thus, we substitute x with 0 and solve for 𝑓(0).
𝑥−2
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+2
0−2
𝑓(0) =
0+2
−2
𝑓(0) =
2
𝑓(0) = −1

∴ −1 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
d) Equate the denominator to 0 then solve for x.
𝑥+2=0
𝑥 = −2
The line 𝑥 = −2 is a vertical asymptote of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥).

e) 𝑛 = 1; 𝑑 = 1
Since 𝑛 = 𝑑, and 𝑎𝑛 = 1, 𝑑𝑛 = 1, then the horizontal asymptote is
1
𝑦 = 1 or 𝑦 = 1.
𝑥+3
EXAMPLE 2: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −2𝑥−3
SOLUTION:
1. The values of x that can make the numerator zero are the zeroes of
𝑓(𝑥). So, we equate the numerator to zero and solve for x.
𝑥+3 = 0
𝑥 = −3

∴ −3 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

(b). Since −3 is a real zero, therefore it is also an x-intercept.


(c)The y-intercept of a function is the value of the function at 𝑥 = 0.
Thus, we substitute x with 0 and solve for 𝑓(0).
𝑥+3
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 −2𝑥−3

0+3
𝑓(0) = (0)2 −2(0)−3

3
𝑓(0) = −3

𝑓(0) = −1

∴ −1 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥).

(d.) Equate the denominator to 0 then solve for x.


𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥 − 3 = 0; 𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥 = 3; 𝑥 = −1

The lines 𝑥 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = −1 are vertical asymptotes of the graph


of 𝑓(𝑥).
(e). 𝑛 = 1, 𝑑 = 2
Since 𝑛 < 𝑑, then the horizontal asymptote is 𝑦 = 0.

E. Exercises
Give the zeroes, intercepts, and asymptotes of the rational function
2𝑥−1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −4
F. Generalization
1. What is an intercept of a rational function?
2. Describe how the graph behaves near the asymptote of a rational
function.
3. The zero of a rational function is the _________ of the graph.
4. Given an equation of a rational function,
a. how will you find for the x-intercept? y-intercept?
b. how is the zero of the function determined?
c. what will you do to determine the equation of the vertical
asymptote? the horizontal asymptote?
G. Application
Give the zeroes, x-intercept, y-intercept and asymptotes of the
(4𝑥−3)(𝑥−1)
rational function 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥+1)(𝑥+1)
H. Evaluation
For each rational function, find the
a. zeroes d. vertical asymptote/s
b. x-intercept/s e. horizontal asymptote
c. y-intercept
2𝑥−1 2
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+3 𝑥−1

I. Agreement/Assignment

𝑥 2 −𝑥
1. Is 𝑥 = −1 a vertical asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥) = ? Explain your answer.
𝑥+1

Prepared by:

CLEOFE L. DAGAMAC
Math Writer

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