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Chapter 2 Social Identity

The document discusses theories of social identity and the development of self, including how individuals develop self-concepts and identities through social interaction and viewing themselves through the perspectives of others. It also examines the different components of self, such as self-esteem, roles identities, and social identities. Finally, the document covers topics like impression management and self-presentation, looking at how people aim to influence how others perceive them.

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68 views28 pages

Chapter 2 Social Identity

The document discusses theories of social identity and the development of self, including how individuals develop self-concepts and identities through social interaction and viewing themselves through the perspectives of others. It also examines the different components of self, such as self-esteem, roles identities, and social identities. Finally, the document covers topics like impression management and self-presentation, looking at how people aim to influence how others perceive them.

Uploaded by

ally natasha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2:

SOCIAL IDENTITY
Learning Objectives
I. define self concept, self esteem, identity, role identity, social
identities, reflected appraisals, self disclosure, self presentation
II. explain the self knowledge
III. discuss the components of self
IV. explain the nature and genesis of self
V. discuss The Looking Glass Self
VI. elaborate the stages in the development of self
VII. identify the types of self presentation
VIII. discuss the ineffective self presentations and spoiled identities.
Who Am I

 Each of us has unique answers to this question.


 Our answer reflect:
✓ Self schema or self concept.
✓ The thoughts we have about ourselves.
Who Am I?
The Self
Self Concept

• Self-concept is our perception or image of our abilities and our


uniqueness.
• At first one's self-concept is very general and changeable... As we
grow older, these self-perceptions become much more organized,
detailed, and specific."
(Pastorino & Doyle-Portillo, 2013)
Self Esteem

• Self-esteem is the evaluative dimension of the self that includes


feelings/ Overall self-evaluation of self-worth
• It is a judgment of oneself as well as an attitude toward the self.
• Self-esteem encompasses beliefs (for example, "I am competent," "I
am worthy") and emotions such as triumph, despair, pride and
shame
Self-Concept: Who Am I?

• Self-knowledge
• Explaining our behavior
• Predicting our behavior
• Predicting our feelings
• The wisdom and illusions of self-
analysis
The Nature and Genesis of Self

• According to William I James and George H. Mead :


• The active aspect of the self – I
• The passive/object of self action - me
Steps involved in the Genesis
of Self
• The following two steps are sequentially involved in the genesis
of self:
1. Self differentiation = To take the self as the object of action, we
must be able to recognize ourselves.
• We must distinguish our own faces and bodies from those of
others.
- Infants are not born with this ability
- Infants acquire this ability very quickly
- Bertenthal & Fisher indicate –children recognize self other contingencies
by 18-24 months.
Steps involved in the Genesis
of Self
• The following two steps are sequentially involved in the genesis
of self:
2. Role taking = The process of imaginatively occupying the
position of another person and viewing the self and the situation
from that person’s perspective.
• In the early and mid 20th Century, George Herbert Mead & Charles Horton
Cooley recognized that language was central to the development of self
and role taking
The Origin of Self

• Cooley & Mead recognized that we acquire our self in


interaction with others.
• One must recognize and interpret others responses to our
actions in order to figure out how we appear to them.
The Looking Glass Self

• Cooley – looking glass self


• Parents and immediate family and later the child’s
playmates form a child significant others (the people
whose reflected views have greatest influence on the
child’s self concepts)
• As a child grow older and interacts with teachers, fellow
workers and others the list of significant people.
Stages in the development of
self

• Mead (1934)

The The
Generalized
play game
other
stage stage
Mead Stages in Developing
the Self

o Young children imitate the activities of people around them.


o Role taking involves imitating such as doctor, father
MEAD STAGES IN DEVELOPING
THE SELF

o Children enter organized activities – complex games of


house, school & team sports.
o Role taking requires children to imagine the viewpoints of
several others at the same time.
MEAD STAGES IN DEVELOPING
THE SELF

o Conception of the attitudes and expectations held in


common by members of the organized groups with
whom they interact.
The self we know

• Who we are?
• Involves specific identities (the meanings attached to the
self by oneself and others)
• Is primarily influenced by the reactions of others
• Varies with the situation
Identities

• Definition - the meanings attached to the self by one’s self and


others.
• Identities are linked to social we enact or our membership in
social groups.
• Identities may be associated with in group favoritism and out
group stereotype.
• We form self concepts through learning and adopting role and
social identities.
Role identities

• Concepts of self in specific roles.


• For each role we enact, we develop a somewhat
different view of who we are
• The role identities we develop depend on the social
position available to us in society.
• Role identities involve role expectations.

Define the role identity of student and


what are the student role expectations?
Social Identities

• Characteristics of a social group


• Each of us associates certain characteristics with members of
specific groups.
• If you define yourself as a member of the group, these
characteristics become standards for your thoughts, feelings
and actions.
Self Presentation

• The processes by which individuals attempt to control the


impressions that others form of them in social interaction.
Authentic- creating an image consistent with ourselves view.
Ideal – our most appropriate public image our ideal self
Tactical – public image consistent with what others expect of
us.
PERSON PERCEPTION:
Forming impressions of other people
• Process involved in forming judgment (impressions)
about, evaluating, categorizing people and draw
conclusions about the characteristics and motives of
others.
• This includes not just how we form these impressions, but
the different conclusions we make about other people
based on our impressions.
PERSON PERCEPTION:
Forming impressions of other people
•Facial expression
The •Skin color
•Age
perceived •Gender
•Personality traits

•Personality Factors
The •Interests
influence
perception
•Motives
perceiver •Expectations

The •Time
•Work setting
situation •Social setting
Impression management
• Definition - a goal-directed conscious or unconscious
process in which people attempt to influence the
perceptions of other people about a person, object or
event; they do so by regulating and controlling
information in social interaction.(Piwinger & Ebert 2001)
Impression management
• Any behavior intended to create, modify, or maintain an
impression of ourselves in the minds of others.
• An attempt to manipulate or control the impressions that
others form about the person.
• It can be non-verbal communication, clothes, hair cut,
style, etc.
Impression management
• People are more motivated to control how others
perceived them when they believe that their public
images are relevant to:
• the attainment of desired goals,
• the goals for which their impressions are relevant are valuable, and
• a discrepancy exists between how they want to be perceived and
how other people perceive them.

• Impressions that they try to convey are influenced by the


roles that they occupy and the norms in the social
context.
Tactical Impression

• The use of conscious, goal directed activity of controlling


information to influence impressions.
• The expression of emotions may appropriate or
inappropriate
• Service workers must conceal anger or fear
• Imagine a surgeon expressing fear before operating on
your child.
• Sometimes we are aware that we are engaging in
impression management, as we are pretending to listen in
class when we are not.
ROSENBERG SELF-ESTEEM SCALE

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