PROBLEM SET 1 MODULE 2

Members:
Bernardo, Ma. Cassandra
Calzar, Eloisa Beatrice
Fontanilla, Julie Pearl
Manalo, Angel Paulene Beatrice
Moral, Kyla Marie
Sumagaysay, Francis Gabrielle

A. Describe the error in the following:

a. 5 is a subset of N

5 is an element of set of N (Natural numbers), not a subset

b. x > 1 and x < 4 is equivalent to x > 1< 4

x > 1 and x < 4 is not equivalent to x > 1< 4

Explanation:
As x > 1 and x < 4 => 1 < x < 4
x > 1 < 4 => x >1 and 1 < 4 is true and had no significance here so it reduces to x > 1 and does not have
information x < 4

c. Given the function x +10, find the value of f(4)

x + 10 is an expression, not a function

function would be f(x) =x + 10
Then f(4) = 4 + 10 = 14

d. 0, 1, 2, 3, … are elements of counting numbers

Natural numbers are counting numbers therefore, 0 is not a counting number

e. 22/7 = 3.14

22/7 has 7 in the denominator so it is non terminating recurring decimal

3.14 is terminating decimal
Hence both can not be equal
22/7 ≈ 3.14 (both can be approximated but not equated)

B. Translate each of the following phrases into mathematical expressions/sentences. Use as few variables as
possible.
Expression or
Translation
Sentence
1. The sum of a number and 10 Expression x + 10
2. The product of two numbers Expression xy
3. The product of -1 and a number Expression -x
4. One –half times the sum of two numbers Expression ½ (x + y)
5. Twice a number Expression 2x
6. Five less than a number Expression b-5
7. A number, less 8 Expression x-8
8. Six more than a number Expression x+6
9. A number, plus 6 Expression y+6
10. The square of a number Expression x²
11. Four times the square of a number Expression 4x²
12. One-half of a number is 5. Sentence ½n = 5
13. Three less than twice a number Expression 2a - 3
14. Five more than three times a number Expression 3x + 5
15. The square of the sum of 5 and a number Expression (5 + x)²
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16. The sum of the squares of two numbers is 25. Sentence x^2 + y^2 = 25
17. There are twice as many boys (b) as there are girls (g). Sentence b = 2g
18. There are 10 more cars (c) than jeeps (j). Sentence c = j + 10
19. A man’s age (a) 10 years ago is 43. Sentence a - 10 = 43
20. The length (l) of a rectangle is 7 more than its width (w). Sentence l=w+7

C.. Choose a quantity to be represented by a variable, then write a mathematical expression for each.

1. Lota’s age in 5 years

● Let x = Lota’s present age

● Therefore: Let (x+5) = Lota’s age in 5 years

2. a three-digit number whose hundred digits is half the tens digit and the tens digit is 2 ore than the units digit

● Let a,b and c = The three-digit number

● Let b/2 = The hundreds digits of the number
● Let c+2 = The tens digits of the number
● Let c = The units’ digits of the number

3. the total interest earned after one year when P100, 000 is invested, part at 6% annual interest rate and the
remaining part at 7.5% annual interest rate

● Let y= The total investment

● Let y+(0.06y) = The first part of annual interest rate
● Let y+(0.075y) = The remaining interest rate
● Therefore: Let [y+(0.06y)]+[ y+(0.075y)] = The total interest earned after one year

4. the distance traveled by a man driving at the rate of 60 kph

● Let t = The time spent by the man to travel that far

● Therefore: Let 60kph(t) = The distance traveled by the man

5. the total distance traveled by a boat 1 hour upstream and 30 minutes downstream in which the rate of current is
3kph.

● Let 3kph(1h) = The distance traveled by a boat upstream

● Let 3kph(.5h) = The distance traveled by a bot downstream
● Let d= The total distance traveled by the boat
● Therefore: Let [3kph(1h)]+[3kph(.5h)]

6. the fraction of work done by a man who can finish a job in 2 hours

● Let x = The job of the man

● Therefore: x/2 = The work done by the man

7. the percentage of alcohol in a mixture of ¾ liter of pure water and x liters of 8% alcohol solution

● Let x = The amount of 8% of alcohol solution in liters

● Therefore: 100[¾(x)] = The percentage of alcohol in the mixture

8. the total peso value of 20 coins consisting of P5-coins and P10-coins

● Let x= The number of P5-coins

● Therefore: 10+x(5) = The total of peso value which is equal to 20

9. the perimeter of a rectangle whose length is twice the width

● Let w= The width of the rectangle

● Therefore: Let 2(2w)+2w= The perimeter of the rectangle

10. the sum of three consecutive even integers

● Let x = The first integer

● Let y = The last integer
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● Therefore: Let 3/2(x+y) = The sum of the three consecutive integers

D. LetU = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

A = {2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10}
B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10}
Perform the following operations:
a. A ⋃ B = {2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10}
b. A ⋂ B = {2,3,7,10}
c. A – B = {6,8}
d. B – A = {5,9}
e. Ac = {1,4,5,9}
f. Bc = {1,4,6,8}

E.
E.1 Rewrite the following statements using proper set notation
________x ∈ A_________1. x is a member of A
________D ∉ E_________2. d is not an element of E
________M = N________3. M and N are equal sets
________B = {3, – 3}____4. B is the set of all x such that x squared is equal to 9
________J ⊂ A_________5. J is a subset of K

E.2 Write the following sets using rule method:

6-7. Write A= {10, 20, 30, 40, 50} using rule method.
- x: x is a set of the first five positive integers that are divisible by ten.

8-9. Write C={𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐴𝐿𝐴𝐵𝐴𝑅𝑍𝑂𝑁} using roster method
- C = {Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon}

E.4. Given A= {d}, B= {c, d}, C= {a, b, c}, D = {a, b}, E= {a, b, d}. Determine whether the following statements
are True or False.
___TRUE___10. 𝐴⊂𝐵
__FALSE__11. 𝐶~𝐷
___TRUE__12. 𝐷⊈𝐸
___TRUE__13. n(C) =3
___TRUE__14. C and D are joint sets
__FALSE__15. E has 16 subsets

Solution:

10. In this case, A = {d} and B = {c, d}. Since d is present in both sets, A is a subset of B.
11. This statement is false because C = {a, b, c} and D = {a, b}, so they have two elements in common: a and b.
12. This statement is true because D = {a, b} and E = {a, b, d}, so E has one element that is not in D: d.
13. This statement is true because C = {a, b, c}, so it has three elements.
14. C and D are joint sets means that C and D have at least one element in common. This statement is true because
C = {a, b, c} and D = {a, b}, so they have two elements in common: a and b.
15. E has 16 subsets means that there are 16 possible ways to form a set using the elements of E or none at all. This
statement is false because E = {a, b, d}, so it has three elements. The number of subsets of a set with n elements is
2n, so the number of subsets of E is 23 = 8, not 16.`

E.5. Consider the following sets:

U= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, }, A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7}, B= {1, 5, 6, 7}, C= {1, 2, 3, 6}

16-20. Illustrate the Venn Diagram for the sets A, B, and C.

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Perform the following operations

21-22. Ac - Cc = {6}

Solution:
Ac = {6,8}
Cc c = {4,5,7,8}
Ac - Cc = {6,8} - {4,5,7,8}
Ac - Cc = {6} - {4,5,7}
Ac - Cc = {6}

23-25. (𝐴∪𝐵) ∩ (𝐵∪𝐶) = {1,2,3,5,6,7}

Solution:
(𝐴∪𝐵) = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
(𝐵∪𝐶) = {1,2,3,5,6.7}
(𝐴∪𝐵) ∩ (𝐵∪𝐶) = {1,2,3,5,6,7}

E.6. Refer to a group of 191 students, of which 10 are taking math, business, and language; 36 are taking math
and business; 20 are taking math and language; 18 are taking business and language; 65 are taking math; 76 are
taking business and 63 are taking language.
26-30. Illustrate the Venn Diagram

_____10_____31. How many are taking math and language but not business?
_____54_____32. How many are taking at least 2 subjects?
_____86_____33. How many are neither taking math nor business?
_____86_____34. How many are taking exactly 1 subject?
_____51_____35. How many are not taking any of the three subjects?

F. USE THE HANDOUT ON LOGIC AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

A. Give the truth value if A is false, B is true, C is false and D is true.
False a. [(C → B) → ⁓ C] ↔ [B → (C ⋀ A)]
True b. [(D ⋀ B) ⋁ (A ⋀ C)] ⋀ B
True c. [(A ⋁ B) → C] → [ B → (A ⋁ B)]
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B. Construct the truth table for the following:

a. [(p ⋁ q) → r] ⋀ [ (r ⋀ p) → r]

p q r [(p V q) > r] [(r ⋀ p)> r] [(p ⋁ q)> r] ⋀ [ (r ⋀ p)> r]

T T T T T T

T T F F F F

T F T T T T

T F F F F F

F T T T F F

F T F F T F

F F T T F F

F F F T T T
b. (r ⋀ p) ↔ [(p ⋁ q) → ⁓ p] ⋀ (p ⋁ q)

p q r (r ⋀ p) (p ⋁ q) ⁓ p (r ⋀ p) =[(p ⋁ q) > ⁓ p] (r ⋀ p) =[(p ⋁ q) > ⁓ p] ⋀ (p ⋁ q)

T T T T F F F

T T F F T F F

T F T T T F F

T F F F T F F

F T T T F F F

F T F F T F F

F F T F F T F

F F F T T T T