100% found this document useful (1 vote)
2K views12 pages

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science - Year 8 Science Units 6.1-6.3 - Light (2 Nov 2022)

Uploaded by

satya19876890
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (1 vote)
2K views12 pages

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science - Year 8 Science Units 6.1-6.3 - Light (2 Nov 2022)

Uploaded by

satya19876890
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12
Tr sag 1 Sept 202 wR § SCL UNIT 6 (61-63): LIGHT 6.01) 3 types of objects /materials — Dpaque: Docs wot allow light +> pass through —> Tranglucent: Allows only Some light to pass through ; Semi ~ transpavent — > Transparent? Allows all light to pass through 6.02) Light travels in Straight lines + Example of evidence: Dpague cardboard Hee ERG Can see candle A } Can't see candle & > Example of evidence : Pinhole camera Image appears upside down Normal line (46° to surface) 6.1) Reflection Reflected Incident ——— i i ray rey (veun ced Cincoming off ray) vay) Mivvor ——~ Ang le of reflection/ Angle of incidence / Reflected age -y Incident angle = 1 > Experiment we did Notes or roviting tables Angle Avge 7 WOW Noms have column headings qe a ) Ls Column headings must have: Linciden el! rec " Ly, Names of the quantities / measured things Anomaly/ Ly Units of the quantities / Anomalous measured things point = yA data pint that doesn’t fit the pattern lLyIn this example, anomaly caused by errors im the experiment Conclusion : law £ reflection Angle of incidence. * We usually dm't include anomalies reflection when forming our r ; conclusion Monday 6.2) Refraction 2 Refraction = Light changing divection /bending S Sept 2022 when @& moves fom one medium to another bs The material (eg.+ air, water, glass, etc.) tha light moves througla = Optical density oF light travels slower in some medium, that medium is more optically dense If Night travels faster in some medium, that medium is less opti cally dense Speed of Nght in air: 300,000 km/s Normal line (40° to surdace) Aiv + Less optically dense ; : light travels ester Incident ray Glass : Move optically dense ; G : light travels slower Ga) vay) aster) — (clower) A Air —> Glass: Light bencls closer Boundary Glass +o_nocmal Angle f refraction / fine Angle of incidence / | acon ae Incident angle al ! a confused wrth Refracted ray reflected angle > Speed of light im air + 300,00 ie essfertaett dense) an’ iw + Less optical iz Normal line (40° to surface) : lana light travels faster S Glass : More optically dense ; Incident —__ I light travels slower mol (slower) — Castes) Glase Antone : Light benots further fam_ner Boundary Ase eel Refracted! = ray Incident angle = 1 Angle F refraction = v fecedoy 6 Sept 2022 — Why does light get refracted this way ? Ly Light is @ wave — Here is a water wi , seen From above: — Light rays are made of wavefronts like this tov, even 3 y Wdavefonts FE ave see Hem Normal line Incident ray (slower because im WaveFconts lass) A | Glass: wore optically dene Boundary et Aix: tess optically dense between air and See i. Refracted! “ay (fast. —> Tis part of the wavefront Masten crosses the bomdary first air) — So, this part of the wavefront speeds up /gets faster while the upper part is still woiing slowly in the glass — Tis is why the wavefronts (and the light may) change divection /get refracted as they go through the boundary * Remember the demr iw class with Mr Satya ane Dhareveiin holding the ruler and Jeremy as the glass Wednesday 6. 3) Dispersion (Making rainbows) — This * splitting and spreading out into the Spectrum 15 called Aispersinn — We say the spectrum has 7 colows: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet T Sept 2022 Incident vay: White light: | Refracted ray: * Split intp Speetram of Colours — How to remember the 7 colours: ROY -G- BIN (sounds like roy -gee-biv ) —> Actually, the spectrum is made of infinite shades of colours, but we just call it 7 colours to make it easier fr ourselves = Why does dispersion happen ? le Due 40 refraction : ~Each colour of light changes speed by a Afferent amount ~ So each colour of light bends / is refeacted by a Aifferent amount : ~ That's why the colours spreack out / are dispersed Ly Eg: Light geing fom air to glass: — Red light slows down the least Ly Red Night bends the least ~ Orange Night slows doo wore than red, less than yellow 4 Drange Kight bends more than red, less than yollod oa Indigo light slows down more than bluc, less than violet by Indigo light bends more than blue, less than vivlet ~ Violet light slows down the most Ly Vislet Wight bends the most Ly How come we con't see light split every time ts refracted 7 Ly The shape of the objects (e-.: glass, water) may wot help the light bend enough fr the colours to split — When we see a rainbow in the sky, water dnplets in the air refract and Aisperse the light instead of a prism Thursday 3 Sept 2022 6.3.1) Adding Colours > Even though light has infinitely many colours, our eyes don't have special parts to detect cach anc every colour —> Then how do we see all the Afferent colours 7 In our eyes, there ave 3 types of special cells that let us see im colour: cone cells Ly ved cone cells are very sen sitive to red light 4 gen cone cells are very sensitive to green light Ly blue cone cells are very sensitive to blue light Spectrum of light colours This light makes _. a only the re lee |e pe |ateey eke (Ta blue comes ea: makes both | makes makes both vibrate, only the lane cod and ce te green and Pane “= | Green cones blue cones ‘it as bine red cones | green conds vibrate, : ubrate, vibrate a So we ser ee . we see | bt, wo we | 4 eens & as ved see % as pees || ceeds yellow a a ° ° i Avy oth This light has Llighate When there is ae “ rakes both | waves all 3 mo Wight, | abt mate the red and | cones (red, green, none of the different cones ae cones oo blue) vibrate cones vibrate, vibrate. by se “ equally, So we So we see Aikferent amounts, bit, Oo we tas + bl k So We Can see see wt as cee 2 ee ac any colow with magenta | alhiee just 3 types of cones gy and Summary: = Magenta, — Because of the 3 types of cones in our eyes: Red, Green, and Blue ave the 3 Primary colours of Vight (RGB) > green + blue = Cyan, red + green = dellow : red + blue = so CM ave the 3 secondary colours of light —> Wis is how LCD sereens Computer, TV, phone, tablet, ete.) Show mary different colours : Ly cach pixel has 3 lights (RGB) that can switch on or switch off Monday 6.3.2) Removing (Subtracting ) Colours —> We leamed we can add primary colours 40 see other celours 12 Sept 2022 — But we can also take away subtract) colours to see other colours a> ess ways to take away colours iM our syllabus - A) Filters 4 Only let some colours of light pass through > Red Filter : Only lets red light pass through 5 Because absorbs (subtracts) other colours Le a a a Only lets yellow, ved, and green light pass Through; absorbs (subtracts) other colours Nellow Fier: Green filler : Only lets green light pass Hhrough ; B absorbs (subtracts) other colours Te eee aE aT a > Cyan Filer: Only lets Cyan y green, and blue light pass Hhrcugh; absorbs (subtracts) other colours Blue filter = Only lets blue light pass Hhrcugh ; Dear bel (sobtenr here col eed absorbs \Subtracts Colours mageuta et blew, 7 Magenta Filter : Only lets magenta, red, and blue light pass Hhrough; absorbs (subtracts) other colours Black filter : Doesn't let any colour of light pass Fhrough ; absorbs (subtracts) alll colours i Jerythin ee : pms Cotas except red be E-g-: CYLIGE light shining on a magenta filter: Ly Light that passes through looks magenta all colours | Saullo aid ne magenta green + blue wninus cutng excep Ered —_i ame ne LyE-g.: Cyan light shining on a magenta filter: Ly Blue light passes through Aight ate Bae. Kght magenta Filter rod + green minus everything excopt blue bEg.: Yellow light shining on a blue filter : LNe light passes through (looks black on screen) yolo Tight NO light (hedow) blue filter 8) Coloured Objects > When white light (all colours) shines on different objects, why do they look different - coloured ? LED lamp colt ke light (all colours) Certain cbjects only reflect some colours a purple of light and absorb red Jrapes (subtract) cther colours; vee leat apple Hey look like the colours —> Red objects : reflect red light; they reflect, Because. absorb (subtract) other colours AI yee bEg.: brown wooden table eT a. reflect yellow, red, anal green lig ht; —> Yellow objects 5 absorb (subtract) other colours objects : reflect green light; > Green absorb (sultract) other colours cyan = green +4lue — Cyan objects : reflect cyan, (eee light; Absorb (subtract) other colours objects : reflect blue light; absorb (sultract) other colours ape ee tae — Blue 2 Mogents objects: reflect magenta, Orie light; absorb (sultract) other colours —> Black objects : reflect no light; absorb (subtract) all colours > Whive objects : reflect ll) colours of light ; absorb (subtract) (© colours yellow minus everything encanto aaa Le Eg: CQEOBE igh shining en a yellow object: | Object looks yellow all colours minus nothing LbEg.: Green light shining na owhite object : | Object looks green red + green emt minus everything oxen tue, — Le Eg: Yellow light shining om a “cyan object : | Object loks green groan + bne minus everything except red bE g: Cyan light shining on a red object : Ls Object Inoks black

You might also like