BASIC FORMULA DEFINATION

𝒅 𝒏 𝒅 𝒇(𝒙 + ∆𝒙) − 𝒇(𝒙)

𝒙 = 𝒏𝒙𝒏 𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝒍𝒊𝒎

Y or f(x)
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ∆𝒙→𝟎 ∆𝒙
𝒅 𝒅 (𝑥 + ∆𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥))

𝒅𝒙
(𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕) = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 If y=f(x) the derivative f(x) is also defined ∆𝑦
𝒅 𝒙 𝒅 𝟏 CHAIN RULE (COPOSITION FUNCTION) (𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥))

𝒆 = 𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝒙 =
𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥)

𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅 𝒅 𝒅 𝑓(𝑥)
𝒅 𝒙 𝒙 𝒅 −𝟏 𝒇 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒇 𝒈(𝒙) . 𝒈(𝒙)
𝒂 = 𝒍𝒏𝒂 𝒂 𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝑥
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 SUBSTITUTION METHOD ∆𝑥
𝑥 + ∆𝑥
x
𝒅
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏 𝒙 =
𝟏 By proper substitution we can transform given function to a simpler function.
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐
𝒅 √
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅 𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 =
−𝟏 e.g.-tan is converted to tan √𝑥 − tan 𝑥
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐
𝒅 𝟐 𝒅 𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 𝟏
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 =
𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝒅𝒙 𝒙√𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 TYPE: -1 𝒇(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙)
𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅 −𝟏  Let y = f(x) ( ) then take ln in both side
𝒅𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟏 𝒙 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙√𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏  𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑓(𝑥) ( ) ⇒ 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)𝑙𝑛𝑓(𝑥)
ALGEBRA OF DERIVATIVE 𝒇(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙) 𝒑(𝒙)𝒒(𝒙)
TYPE :-2
 𝒅𝒙 {𝒇(𝒙) ± 𝒈(𝒙)} = 𝒅𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) ± 𝒅𝒙 𝒈(𝒙)
𝒅 𝒅 𝒅 𝒓(𝒙)𝒕(𝒙) 𝒖(𝒙)𝒗(𝒙) DIFFERENTIATION USING LOGARITHM
𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)𝑝(𝑥)𝑞(𝑥)
 𝒅𝒙𝒅 𝒄𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒄 𝒅𝒙𝒅 𝒇(𝒙)  Let y = then take ln in both side
𝑟(𝑥)𝑡(𝑥) 𝑢(𝑥)𝑣(𝑥)
 𝒅𝒙𝒅 {𝒇(𝒙). 𝒈(𝒙)} = 𝒅𝒙𝒅 𝒇(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙) + 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙𝒅 𝒈(𝒙)  𝑙𝑛𝑦 =
𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) 𝑝(𝑥)𝑞(𝑥)
𝑙𝑛 ( )𝑡(𝑥) ( )𝑣(𝑥)
𝑟𝑥 𝑢𝑥
𝒅 𝒅
𝒅 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙) 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒈(𝒙) ⇒ 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥) ln 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑞(𝑥) ln 𝑝(𝑥) − 𝑡(𝑥) ln 𝑟(𝑥) − 𝑣(𝑥) ln 𝑢(𝑥)
 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒅𝒙
{𝒈(𝒙)}𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒈(𝒙)
PARAMETRIC FUNCTION 𝑑 f(x) WITH RESPECT TO g(x)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑔(𝑡) 𝑔(𝑡)
IMPLICIT FUNCTION 𝑑 𝑑
If x=f(t) and y=g(t) then = = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑𝑓(𝑥)
Y=f(x) explicit function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑓(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⇒
Implicit-f(x,y)=0 differentiate both side w.r.t. to x 𝑑𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
ABSOLUTE MAXIMA
Velocity =𝑣 = ; Acceleration=𝑎 = = MAXIMA AND MINIMA
where 𝒔 is displacement
MAXIMA

TANGENT AND NORMAL

Tangent of f(x) at point “c” is 𝑓′(𝑐)
C3 C5
Normal of f(x) at point “c” is C1 C2 C4 C6
( )
Equation of tangent at point (c,f(c)) P(c,f(c))
𝑦 − 𝑓(𝑐) = 𝑓′(𝑐)(𝑥 − 𝑐) f(c) ABSOLUTE MINIMA
Equation of normal at point (c,f(c)) MINIMA
−1 c FIRST PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATIVES
𝑦 − 𝑓(𝑐) =
𝑓′(𝑐)
(𝑥 − 𝑐)  Get a minimum value when a function goes from
decreasing to increasing and get maximum value if
CONTINUOUS AND DIFFERENTABLE FUNCTON function from increasing to decreasing.
A function f(x) is said to be continuous at a given point if it has no  Easy to say if sign of derivative is from +ve to –ve then get
hole or no break. a maximum and –ve to +ve get a minimum value.
HOLE f(x) BREAK f(x) SECOND PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATIVE
 If given a function y = f(x). differentiate = 𝑓′(𝑥)
a a  Take 𝑓 (𝑥) = 0 and find value of x. let x= c1 ,c2 ,c3 ,c4
function f(x) is said to be continuous at point ‘a’ if satisfy ,c5,c6…are called critical points .
𝑑2 𝑦
limit exist (that is L.H.L.=R.H.L.)  Take second derivative 𝑑𝑥2 = 𝑓′′(𝑥)
L.H.L.= lim 𝑓(𝑥) and L.H.L.= lim 𝑓(𝑥)
→ →  𝑓′′ (𝑐 ) < 0, 𝑓 (𝑐4 ) < 0, 𝑓 (𝑐6 ) < 0 and 𝑓′′ (𝑐 ) >
f(x) is exist at point ‘a’. f(x)
0, 𝑓 (𝑐3 ) > 0, 𝑓 (𝑐5) > 0 that is we get a maximum
DIFFERENTIABLE: -f(x) is said to be
(local maxima or relative maxima) if second
differentiable if left-hand derivative
and right-hand derivative is same. x-h x x+h
derivative of given function at that given point is -ve
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) otherwise we get a minimum value (local minima or
L.H.D.= lim ; R.H.D.= lim
→ → relative minima).
Function f(x) is said to be increasing  f(c) is said to be absolute maxima if f(c)>f(x) for all x
function if f(x1)≤f(x2) when x1<x2.and and absolute minima if f(c)<f(x) for all x.
strictly increasing if f(x1)<f(x2) Function f(x) is said to be decreasing
𝜃
Inclined angle 𝜃 of tangent is in between function if f(x1)≥f(x2) when x1<x2.and
00 to 900 (i.e.𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃) which is positive Strictly decreasing if f(x1)>f(x2)
i.e. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 > 0 So, =
( )
> 0(positive) Inclined angle 𝜃 of tangent is in between 𝜃
𝜃
900 to 1800 (i.e.𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃) which is negative
Bijaya Ranjan Karmi PGT Mathematics i.e. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 < 0
( )
So,
Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya, Timanpur = < 0(negative)
𝜃